WHAT’S NEW
IN CMG SOFTWARE
VERSION 2013
COPYRIGHT © 1987-2013 COMPUTER MODELLING GROUP LTD. 13.CMG.M1
CONTENTS
IMPORTANT GENERAL CHANGES FOR 2013 AND FUTURE RELEASES
IMPORTANT COMMON SIMULATOR CHANGES IN 2013
COMMON GRID PROCESSING CHANGES
1
2
2
Transmissibility Multipliers.....................................................................................................................................2
Improved Corner-Point Efficiency..........................................................................................................................2
Corner-Point to Node-Based Grid Conversion ......................................................................................................2
Parallel Grid Processing Enhancement.................................................................................................................2
Other New Keywords ............................................................................................................................................2
COMMON WELL MANAGEMENT CHANGES
3
Enhancement to AUTO DRILL Option...................................................................................................................3
New Operating Constraints for Wells ....................................................................................................................3
Operating Constraints in History Match Mode.......................................................................................................3
New Keywords *WTINCR, *GCONPINCR, *GCONIINCR.....................................................................................3
Enhancements to Existing Keywords ....................................................................................................................3
Enhancement of Trigger Capability .......................................................................................................................3
OTHER CHANGES
4
Geomechanics ......................................................................................................................................................4
Use of Compaction Tables in Recurrent Section...................................................................................................4
Separate Graphics/Restart SR2 Files ...................................................................................................................4
Flexibility in Restarting a Run................................................................................................................................5
Parallel Processing................................................................................................................................................5
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN IMEX 2013
SIMULATOR CHANGES
6
6
Initialization Regions Separate from PVT Regions................................................................................................6
Solver Technology (Improved Parallel Performance) ............................................................................................6
Other New Keywords ............................................................................................................................................6
TEMPLATE DATASET CHANGES
6
DATA INCOMPATIBILITIES WITH PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF IMEX
7
What's New in CMG Software 2013
i
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN GEM 2013
SIMULATOR CHANGES
8
8
Ion-Exchange Modelling........................................................................................................................................8
CBM Modelling......................................................................................................................................................8
Hydrocarbon Viscosity Defaulting..........................................................................................................................8
Dynamic Dimensioning of Reaction-Related Arrays..............................................................................................8
Temperature-Dependent Volume Shifts ................................................................................................................8
Other New Keywords ............................................................................................................................................8
WELL MANAGEMENT CHANGES
9
Enhancement to AUTO DRILL Option...................................................................................................................9
TEMPLATE DATASET CHANGES
DATA INCOMPATIBILITIES WITH PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF GEM
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN STARS 2013
SIMULATOR CHANGES
9
10
11
11
New Keywords Related to Output .......................................................................................................................11
Thermal Conductivity...........................................................................................................................................11
PVT Sets .............................................................................................................................................................11
Relative Permeability...........................................................................................................................................11
Initialization .........................................................................................................................................................11
Parallel Processing..............................................................................................................................................12
New Recurrent Data............................................................................................................................................12
Enhancements to Existing Keywords ..................................................................................................................12
WELL MANAGEMENT CHANGES
12
Flexible Wellbore.................................................................................................................................................12
Other New Keywords ..........................................................................................................................................12
TEMPLATE DATASET CHANGES
13
DATA INCOMPATIBILITIES WITH PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF STARS
14
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN CMOST 2013
GENERAL CHANGES
What's New in CMG Software 2013
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15
ii
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN BUILDER/RESULTS 2013
GENERAL CHANGES - BUILDER
16
16
Polygon Manager ................................................................................................................................................16
Property Modifications.........................................................................................................................................16
Process Wizards .................................................................................................................................................16
Hydraulic Fracture Updates.................................................................................................................................16
Node-Based Grids...............................................................................................................................................16
GENERAL CHANGES - RESULTS
17
Results 3D...........................................................................................................................................................17
Results Report ....................................................................................................................................................17
Results Graph .....................................................................................................................................................17
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN WINPROP 2013
GENERAL CHANGES
18
18
Temperature-Dependent Volume Shift................................................................................................................18
STARS PVT ........................................................................................................................................................18
Lumping of Components .....................................................................................................................................18
Phase Diagram for Pure Component ..................................................................................................................18
New Phase Property Plots ..................................................................................................................................18
OTHER CHANGES
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN LAUNCHER 2013
GENERAL CHANGES
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN DATAIMPORTER 2013
GENERAL CHANGES
What's New in CMG Software 2013
18
20
20
20
20
iii
IMPORTANT GENERAL CHANGES FOR 2013 AND FUTURE
RELEASES
The 2013 General Release and subsequent/future releases are targeted for 64-bit
operating systems and hardware only. Customers using 32-bit systems will be
requested to use the 2012 release.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
1
IMPORTANT COMMON SIMULATOR
CHANGES IN 2013
Note: Except where indicated by the icons for the applicable simulators, the features listed in this section
are for all three simulators—GEM, IMEX, and STARS.
COMMON GRID PROCESSING CHANGES
Transmissibility Multipliers
New keyword *TRANSMULT allows the specification of the action to take (replacement or
accumulation) when encountering successive transmissibility multipliers, in both the Reservoir
Description and Recurrent Data sections. *REPLACE (the default) allows the current multiplier to be
replaced by the new multiplier. *ACCUMULATE allows the current multiplier to be multiplied by the
value that was just read in. *TRANSMULT may be altered in recurrent data to change the default
*REPLACE option to *ACCUMULATE.
New keyword *INTER_REGION_TM specifies the inter-region transmissibility multiplier between
two adjacent regions defined by new keyword *TRANS_MULT_REGION. This option can be used
to reduce or eliminate flow between two regions.
Improved Corner-Point Ef ciency
New *BLOCKS sub-keyword *RG lets you assign nodes (using *NODES and so on) to locally
refined grids defined via *REFINE.
The node-based corner-point keywords *NODES, *NODEX, *NODEY, *NODEZ, and *BLOCKS
may use the *BINARY_DATA facility.
Corner-Point to Node-Based Grid Conversion
New keyword *CRNCON_NODE (or command line option ‘-crncon_node’) allows the corner-point
grid to be converted into a node-based grid for internal representation within the simulator. This
option has been found to speed up grid processing tasks especially for large models, at the
expense of some increase in storage requirements. Node-based grids have been found to be very
efficient for grids with a large number of refined cells (for example, hydraulically fractured wells
modelled using the LS-LR-DK technique).
Parallel Grid Processing Enhancement
New keyword *GRIDPAR can optionally specify the number of threads to be used for parallel gridprocessing. For runs using parallel processing for Jacobian building and/or for linear solver, the
number of threads for grid-processing are inherited from existing keywords and use of *GRIDPAR is
not required.
Other New Keywords
New keywords *FLUX_SECTORNAMES and *FLUX_ISECTOR define flux sectors. This keyword
was already available in IMEX.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
2
COMMON WELL MANAGEMENT CHANGES
Enhancement to AUTO DRILL Option
*DRILLT allows the user to enter a time delay between successive well automatic drilling
operations. It applies to the drilling priority specified by the *DRILLQ keyword to the case where the
priority list is generated by a set of internal user-selected algorithms.
New Operating Constraints for Wells
A new type of well operating constraint has been introduced. The *WCUTBACK sub-keyword of
*OPERATE specifies that a well will run on a reduced rate target of the specified control phase
whenever it violates the base value of GOR, GLR, WOR, WGR or PRS constraint. This also affects
other keywords that use the operating condition (*TARGET, *WTMULT, and *WTINCR).
Operating Constraints in History Match Mode
A new special history-matching mode has been added to allow treatment of (all) observed surface
phase rates as a history matching constraint. The *OPERATE-HIST keyword signals that a well’s
operating constraints, entered using the *OPERATE keyword, are historically observed rates,
allowing the well to operate under the history matching mode. This control mode is useful for
making the well produce/inject the correct amount of voidage from/to the reservoir or sectors before
the mobility ratios are fully matched. Under history matching mode, it is possible to specify the
reservoir fluid rate using sub-keyword *RSV. This converts the STC fluid rates entered by the
*OPERATE keywords to reservoir fluid volumes. The reservoir volume (based on current reservoir
conditions) is produced. *ALTER-HIST allows the modification of the historically observed flow
rates.
New Keywords *WTINCR, *GCONPINCR, *GCONIINCR
*WTINCR allows the modification of any previously specified well constraint by applying an
incremental value to that constraint. *GCONPINCR and *GCONIINCR allow the same incremental
modification for production and injection groups. These keywords were already available in STARS.
Enhancements to Existing Keywords
For keywords *GCONP and *GCONI, sub-keyword *TARGET has been changed to *GTARGET to
avoid confusion with primary keyword *TARGET. Support for sub-keyword *TARGET continues but
may be withdrawn in the future.
Enhancement of Trigger Capability
A number of keywords have been added to enhance the current capability of triggers:
•
In addition to the instantaneous values of rates or production ratios, it is now possible to specify
a moving average of a rate, GOR for example, over a specified time period using keyword
*AVRGTIME as a trigger condition.
•
Ability to specify trigger conditions on lift gas for wells and/or groups. The lift gas rates, and
cumulative and production ratios, such as GOR, can be specified as a trigger condition.
•
Ability to specify maximum and minimum in saturations, pressure or temperature for a sector.
This adds to the previously available average saturation, pressure, and temperature in a sector.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
3
OTHER CHANGES
Geomechanics
New keyword *STRESS_RETURN controls the method used to compute stress return to the yield
surface. Previously the method was always *SUBSTEP, but new sub-keyword *GCPA allows you to
specify the Cutting Plane Algorithm approach for Mohr-Coulomb and Drucker-Prager models.
New keyword *GMONETONE specifies one-to-one mapping between the host grid and the
geomechanics grid. This option allows for faster mapping between the two grids, especially when
the host grid has local grid refinement.
New keywords *GRSTRESTAB and *GRPRESTAB specify formation geomechanical properties
that depend on effective mean stress and reservoir pressure respectively.
New keywords *GAMALI, *GAMALJ, and *GAMALK define a geomechanics grid that is an
amalgamated copy of the host simulator grid.
The following new *GOUTSRF *GGRID sub-keywords let you plot radial and tangential stresses,
and displacements for 3D radial grid. These sub-keywords are available also with *OUTSRF *GRID.
STRESRAD:
STRESTAN:
ESTRESRAD:
ESTRESTAN:
DISPLRAD:
DISPLTAN:
Radial total stress
Tangential total stress
Radial effective stress
Tangential effective stress
Radial displacement
Tangential displacement
Use of Compaction Tables in Recurrent Data Section
The gridblock *CTYPE value (compaction table number) can now be reassigned in the Recurrent
Data section. This allows the user to realistically model processes where permeability modification
vs. pressure behavior is added later in a run. Hydraulically fracturing and introducing fracture
conductivity vs. pressure behavior in a new well partway through a simulation is an example of this.
Refer to the IMEX and GEM user guides for further information, as some restrictions apply to the
use of this feature in the Recurrent Data section.
Separate Graphics/Restart SR2 Files
The default behavior when writing out SR2 graphics and restart data has been changed, and a
keyword and a command-line option to control if graphics and restart information in the SR2 files
are combined or separated, for both input and output, have been added.
In the case of IMEX, new default ‘*RESTART_SR2 *SEPARATE’ (-restart_sr2 separate) separates
graphics and restart data.
In the case of STARS, new default ‘*RESTART_SR2 *MAIN’ (-restart_sr2 main) combines graphics
and restart data.
Combined or separated SR2 files must be kept consistent, between initial and restart runs. The new
IMEX default is to use the *SEPARATE option as this option requires less disk space and takes
less CPU time for output due to writing the graphics data in single precision while writing restart
data in double precision. The *MAIN option needs to write both graphics and restart data in double
What's New in CMG Software 2013
4
precision to maintain restarting accuracy. See the *RESTART_SR2 keyword in the IO Control
section of the simulator user guides for details on file naming conventions.
GEM writes restart data in a separate file, with extension .rst.
Flexibility in Restarting a Run
New keywords *RESTIME and *RESDATE (and command-line argument “-resdate”, or “-restime”)
let you specify a date from which to restart, as well as a timestep number. The *RESDATE ‘date’
and *RESTIME ‘time’ keywords can be used, in addition to *RESTART ‘num’, to make restarting of
GEM, IMEX, and STARS runs more straightforward.
Parallel Processing
Partitioning of Linear Solver Domains in Two Dimensions
New *PPATTERN sub-keyword *AUTOP2D specifies automatic parallel partitioning in two grid
dimensions. This was already available in IMEX.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
5
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN IMEX 2013
SIMULATOR CHANGES
Initialization Regions Separate from PVT Regions
Initialization regions may be specified using the *NREGIONS and *ITYPE keywords. Previous
versions of IMEX linked PVT regions to initialization regions, so one PVT region was required for
each initialization region. This is no longer the case. Older datasets are unaffected.
Solver Technology (Improved Parallel Performance)
Improvements to the implementation of parallelization in IMEX have allowed the simulator to run
more efficiently on larger numbers of threads on shared-memory processors.
Other New Keywords
Pressure vs. Depth Table (*PREST)
During non-equilibrium initialization, it is possible to assign block pressures using a table of reservoir
pressures vs. depth for each PVT region. Previous versions of IMEX required the user to enter the
entire pressure array. This option simplifies non-equilibrium initialization.
Output of Well PI Based on an Approximation of the Well’s Drainage Pressure (*OUTSRF *WELL
*PDRAIN, *PDRAIN-METHOD)
Specification of *OUTSRF *WELL *PDRAIN initiates a more involved calculation of a well’s
productivity index based on a flexible approximation of well drainage area/pressure. *PDRAINMETHOD controls how the approximate drainage pressure is calculated.
Change the Minimum Oil Saturation Initially Placed in Each Block when Using API-Tracking Option
(*APIMINSO)
Using the API-Tracking Option, it was possible for the model not to initialize blocks with a small
amount of oil (to prevent formulation issues) when using the *DEPTH_AVE option. This issue has
been eliminated in this release. In addition, the initial minimum oil is now controllable using the
*APIMINSO keyword in the Initialization section.
TEMPLATE DATASET CHANGES
The following table lists new or modified IMEX template dataset files:
mxflu006.dat
Demonstrates *PREST table input.
mxsmo060.dat
Demonstrates initialization regions.
mxsmo061.dat
Demonstrates *CTYPE in recurrent data.
mxwwm055.dat
Demonstrates *DRILLT.
mxwwm056.dat
Demonstrates gas lift triggers.
mxwwm057.dat
Demonstrates new sector triggers.
mxwwm058.dat
Demonstrates *AVRGTIME in triggers.
mxwwm059.dat
Demonstrates *OPERATE-HIST.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
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mxwwm060.dat
Demonstrates *WCUTBACK in *OPERATE.
mxwwm061.dat
Demonstrates *PDRAIN well PI output option.
DATA INCOMPATIBILITIES WITH PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF IMEX
None.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
7
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN GEM 2013
SIMULATOR CHANGES
Ion-Exchange Modelling
The geochemical modelling capabilities of GEM have been enhanced to include simulation of the
ion-exchange mechanism which involves replacement of one ion by another at the solid surface.
The implementation allows modelling of low-salinity water flooding in GEM.
CBM Modelling
The CBM modelling capability has been enhanced by:
•
Adding a new priority ranking criterion based on production-potentials for queuing up the
wells to an automatic drilling schedule.
•
Allowing the adsorption input to be modified by a per-gridblock-based multiplier to account
for ash content, quality of the coal, and so on.
•
Simplifying the relative permeability input for CBM models by not requiring the input of the
oil phase relative permeabilities.
Hydrocarbon Viscosity Defaulting
The system for defaulting viscosity parameters is now the same as for other EOS data; that is, the
first EOS set uses internally stored defaults or calculated values for any data that is not specified.
Dynamic Dimensioning of Reaction-Related Arrays
The geochemical reaction-related arrays in GEM are now dynamically dimensioned to use storage
more efficiently. GEM also removes the limit on number of reactions to be used for chemical
equilibrium and mineral reactions, which was previously restricted to 50.
Temperature-Dependent Volume Shifts
GEM now supports the use of temperature-dependent volume shifts that can be activated by the
input of linear temperature-dependent volume corrections for each component.
Other New Keywords
New Keywords Related to Parallel Processing
New keywords are added that enable alignment of linear solver arrays during parallel processing
(*AI_ALIGN, *FI_ALIGN, and *CACHE_ALIGN). These improvements allow the simulators to run
more efficiently on a larger number of threads on shared memory processors. *AI_ALIGN is
automatically turned on for runs undergoing frequent change in implicitness pattern. OpenMP
scheduling for such runs is also adjusted, unless optionally set by the user.
Simulator Performance Indicators
Simulator performance indicators such as elapsed time, elapsed time rate, cumulative time steps,
cumulative Newton cycles, cumulative solver iterations, cumulative timestep cuts, Newton cycles
per timestep, solver iterations per Newton cycle, material balance error, average implicitness, and
average memory usage for each time step, can now be written to the SR2 file as a special history,
What's New in CMG Software 2013
8
for comparison of two or more runs. New sub-keyword *SIMPERF of *OUTSRF *SPECIAL allows
the output of all of the above simulator performance indicators to be written to the special history. It
is also possible to output them individually through new sub-keywords *ELTSCUM, *ELTSRATE,
*TSTEPCUM, *NCYCCUM, *SOLITCUM, *TSCUTCUM, *NCYCPTS, *SOLITPN, *MBERROR,
*AVGIMPL, and *MEMUSAGE.
Output Enhancements
*OUTSRF and *OUTPRN sub-keywords *OILH, *GASH, *WATH, and *FLUIDH have been added
to facilitate the output of oil, water, gas, and total fluid enthalpies to the SR2/output files.
*OUTSRF *SPECIAL sub-keywords *WSTRMOLDEN and *WSTRMASDEN have been added to
facilitate the output of well-stream molar and mass densities. New sub-keyword *TAVG of
*OUTSRF *SPECIAL allows the output of average reservoir temperature to the SR2 file.
WELL MANAGEMENT CHANGES
Enhancement to AUTO DRILL Option
In addition to the enhancement outlined in Common Well Management Changes, keyword *DRILLT
also provides the following for GEM:
•
Ability to specify the maximum number of wells with auto drill status that can be opened at one
time.
•
Ability to specify a drainage radius for each of the listed production wells. The drainage radius is
used to calculate in-place amounts for each well and surface stream.
•
Ability to specify an alternate phase for ranking wells with auto drill status.
TEMPLATE DATASET CHANGES
The following table lists new or significantly modified GEM template dataset files:
gmsmo051.dat
Demonstrates use of compaction table redefinition in recurrent section –
LGR in Reservoir Description section.
gmsmo052.dat
Demonstrates use of compaction table redefinition in recurrent section –
LGR in Recurrent Data section.
gmsmo053.dat
Demonstrates use of temperature-dependent volume shifts.
gmsmo054.dat
CBM modelling with simplified rel-perm input (via *KRCBM keyword).
gmsmo055.dat
CBM modelling with use of multiplying factor to adsorbed amounts
calculated by Langmuir isotherm.
gmsmo056.dat
Ion-exchange modelling. A low-salinity water flood is simulated.
gmsmo057.dat
A companion template to gmsmo056.dat. Ion-exchange modelling is
turned off for comparison with results from gmsmo056.dat.
gmsmo058.dat
CBM reservoir development with AUTODRILL. User-defined drainage
radius of wells is used as an input to prioritize drilling of wells.
gmsmo059.dat
CBM reservoir development with AUTODRILL. A companion template
dataset to gmsmo058.dat. Uses instantaneous production potential to
prioritize drilling of wells.
gmgmc054.dat
Use of cutting plane algorithm (CPA) for plastic stress return.
gmgmc055.dat
Use of sub-stepping approach for plastic stress return.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
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gmgmc056.dat
Use of keyword *GMONETONE with overlapping corner-point grids.
gmgmc057.dat
Use of *GRSTRESTAB (stress-dependent mechanical properties).
gmgmc058.dat
Use of *GRPRESTAB (pressure-dependent mechanical properties).
gmgmc059.dat
Use of amalgamating and contracting grid to output radial and tangential
displacement, and effective stress.
gmtrg014.dat
Use of maximum reservoir-pressure criterion to control voidage
replacement factor.
gmtrg015.dat
Use of gaslift rate and gaslift+gas production rate as trigger conditions.
gmtrg016.dat
Use of average time as trigger condition over which a moving average of
a quantity is to be calculated.
gmwwm101.dat
Use of *OPERATE-HIST/*ALTER-HIST keywords.
gmwwm102.dat
Use of WCUTBACK constraint option.
gmwwm103.dat
Prioritization of drilling queue by ranking algorithm based on product of oil
rate and oil in place (*DRILLQ *IPPDRNINP).
gmwwm104.dat
Companion template to gmwwm103.dat. The wells are assigned priority
on the drill queue based on the IPP (instantaneous production potential).
gmwwm105.dat
Illustrate the ability to blend in a user-defined drilling priority list with the
IPP (instantaneous production potential) based ranking algorithm.
DATA INCOMPATIBILITIES WITH PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF GEM
Restarts generated from previous versions are not compatible with this version of the code due to
additional reading/writing of data.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
10
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN STARS 2013
SIMULATOR CHANGES
New Keywords Related to Output
Using new *OUTPRN sub-keyword *FLUX_SECTOR, you can write flux-sector reports to the text
output file, at times specified by *WPRN *SECTOR. See *OUTPRN EXPLANATION section “FluxSector Reports” in the STARS User Guide for further information.
New *OUTSRF sub-keyword *FLUX_SECTOR enables flux-sector reporting to the SR2 for plotting
in Results. See the *OUTPRN EXPLANATION section of “Flux-Sector Reports” in the STARS User
Guide.
You can now plot heat loss statistics for individual grid directions using new *OUTSRF *SPECIAL
sub-keywords DRHLOSSCUM and DRHLOSSRATE.
You can plot the enthalpies used in the *PHWELLBORE model using new *OUTSRF *SPECIAL
PHWELL sub-keyword ENTHALPY.
New *OUTSRF *SPECIAL sub-keywords such as CRLLRATE, let you plot control and lumped well
layers specified by *LAYERCLUMP in the “Recurrent Data” section of the STARS User Guide.
Thermal Conductivity
New keyword *THCONGTAB specifies thermal conductivities for modelling a gas blanket (reduced
heat loss through gas-filled annulus). You can change the thermal conductivity dataset used by
FlexWell and *PHWELLBORE *SAMODEL using new keywords *THTYPE_FLX and
*THTYPE_SAM respectively.
PVT Sets
Multiple sets of PVT, K-value, and viscosity definitions for the same component(s) can now be
specified using new keywords *PVTSET and *PTYPE. Fluid flow is not allowed between cells with
different PVT sets. Most keyword options and controls (e.g., table versus correlation) must be the
same across PVT sets.
Relative Permeability
New sub-keyword *KILLOUGH_MOD of the *KILLOUGH option of *HYS_KRO and *HYS_KRW lets
you use a modified formulation of the Killough method for the wetting phase if its relative
permeability hysteresis is required.
Additional control of the non-wetting phase relative permeability hysteresis for Carlson and Killough
methods is provided by new keywords *HYS_CFACTNW and *HYS_TRAPNW.
Multi-point scaling for saturation endpoints of rock-fluid curves is now enabled through new
keywords *3PTSCALING, *3PTSCAL_KRW, and so on.
Initialization
New keyword *GASZONE specifies the initial oil saturation in the gas zone when using the
*DEPTH_AVE method.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
11
Parallel Processing
New keyword *AI_ALIGN is added to enable alignment of linear solver arrays during parallel
processing. This allows the simulator to run more efficiently, on a larger number of threads, on
shared memory processors.
New Recurrent Data
You can change the porosity function in the Recurrent Data section, on a per-cell basis, using new
keywords *UPOR_CP, *UPOR_CT, and *UPOR_REF.
Keywords *PERMI, *PERMJ, and *PERMK are now allowed in the Recurrent Data section, with
some restrictions.
Enhancements to Existing Keywords
Viscosity sets (*VISCTYPE, *VSTYPE) have been merged into PVT sets, but pre-existing data with
viscosity sets (and *PVTSET absent) is still supported.
Hysteresis
The context of keywords *HYS_CFACTG and *HYS_TRAPG has been changed from global (one
instance applies to all relative permeability sets) to one instance per interpolation set.
The default values of *HYS_TOLW, *HYS_REVW, *HYS_TOLG, and *HYS_REVG have been
-6
-4
changed from 10 to 10 .
Special Treatment of Fracture Cell Type
Keyword *NORM has been enhanced to account for special treatment of fracture cell type.
Previously fracture cells internally used two times the matrix *NORM values, and sometimes the
resulting time-step sizes were not as expected and could not be controlled as required. The new
treatment of *NORM ensures that fracture cells have a separate numerical set (*NUMSET,
*NUMTYPE), so that the time-step size calculation for matrix/fracture cases is more controllable and
transparent. To provide backwards compatibility, the fracture numerical set is created and seeded
automatically, if needed. The same comments apply to the discretized wellbore cell type which used
5 times the matrix values.
A fatal error message is issued if negative values are found for K-value correlation (keywords *KV1,
*KV2, *KV3) in pressure range *MINPRES to *MAXPRES. If negative values occur only at high
pressures, a *MAXPRES adjustment is suggested.
WELL MANAGEMENT CHANGES
Flexible Wellbore
The following option has been added to the Flexible Wellbore feature. Information can be found in
FlexWell_Keywords.doc in the STARS | DOC folder.
•
New keyword *SHUT-WELL controls the action of a Flexible Wellbore when all of its streams
have been shut in: *OFF (no calculations), *ON (all calculations performed), and *COND-ONLY
(full heat conduction, reduced fluid/heat convection).
Other New Keywords
You can now specify the injection-stream composition in terms of global mole fractions using new
*INCOMP sub-keywords *WATER-GAS-Z, *WATER-OIL-Z, and *WATER-GAS-OIL-Z.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
12
Using new keyword *INJ-TEMP, you can specify injection temperature without having to redefine
the well via *INJECTOR/*OPERATE.
You can reset a well index during the run using new keyword *SETPI.
New *OUTSRF *SPECIAL sub-keywords (CRLLRATE, for example) let you plot control and lumped
well layers specified by *LAYERCLUMP.
*SAMODEL is now available with multiple parallel tubings.
TEMPLATE DATASET CHANGES
Fluid Types
stflu055.dat
Verify/illustrate *THCONGTAB in discretized wellbore.
stflu056.dat
Verify/illustrate *THCONGTAB in FlexWell.
stflu057.dat
Verify/illustrate *PVTSET/*PTYPE for heavy-oil SAGD.
Geomechanics
stgeo068.dat
Verify/illustrate *STRESS_RETURN *GCPA.
stgeo070.dat
Verify/illustrate *GMONETONE with overlapping corner-point grids.
stgeo071.dat
Verify/illustrate *GRSTRESTAB (stress-dependent mechanical properties).
stgeo072.dat
Verify/illustrate *GRPRESTAB (pressure-dependent mechanical properties).
stgeo073.dat
Verify/illustrate *GEOGRID *CART with *GAMALI/J/K.
Grid Options
stgro065.dat
Verify/illustrate *TRANSMULT *ACCUMULATE.
stgro066.dat
Verify/illustrate *BLOCKS *RG for node-based LGR.
Simulator Options
stsmo061.dat
Verify/illustrate *UPOR_CP and *UPOR_CT.
stsmo062.dat
Illustrate *SOLVER *PARASOL with *PPATTERN *AUTOP2D.
stsmo063.dat
Verify/illustrate *3PTSCALING, *3PTSCAL_x.
stsmo064.dat
Verify/illustrate *GASZONE *NOOIL.
stsmo065.dat
Verify/illustrate *BINARY_DATA for *NODES, *BLOCKS.
stsmo066.dat
Verify/illustrate recurrent permeability - single porosity.
stsmo067.dat
Verify/illustrate recurrent permeability - dual porosity.
stsmo068.dat
Verify/illustrate *FLUX-SECTOR output - RC volume/mass.
stsmo069.dat
Verify/illustrate *FLUX-SECTOR output - RC/SC volume.
6b.dat
Change: Add *RESDATE.
Wells and Well Management
stwwm015.dat
Change: Add *DRILLT.
stwwm056.dat
STO group target with guide rates.
stwwm057.dat
STF group target with guide rates.
stwwm058.dat
Change: Add special history.
stwwm083.dat
Verify/illustrate *OPERATE-HIST and *ALTER-HIST.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
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stwwm084.dat
FlexWell *SHUT-WELL *ON for shut-in production tubing.
stwwm085.dat
FlexWell *SHUT-WELL *COND-ONLY for shut-in production tubing.
stwwm086.dat
FlexWell *SHUT-WELL *COND-ONLY for shut-in injector.
stwwm087.dat
Verify/illustrate GOR well cutback constraint (*OPERATE *GOR *STG).
stwwm088.dat
Verify/illustrate mole-based *INCOMP for multi-phase co-injection.
stwwm089.dat
Verify/illustrate *INJ-TEMP to reset injection temperature.
stwwm090.dat
Verify/illustrate *SETPI *MULT and *MULTO to modify well indices.
DATA INCOMPATIBILITIES WITH PREVIOUS VERSIONS OF STARS
Keyword *VSTYPE may not appear without keyword *VISCTYPE.
Negative values of K-value correlation (*KV1, *KV2, *KV3) are no longer tolerated in the pressure
range *MINPRES to *MAXPRES; instead, a *MAXPRES adjustment is suggested.
Trigger *ON_WELL *TEMP is available for producers only.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
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IMPORTANT CHANGES IN CMOST 2013
GENERAL CHANGES
CMOST 2013 will be shipped independently of the General Release. Please contact your Account
Manager for further details.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
15
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN BUILDER/RESULTS 2013
GENERAL CHANGES - BUILDER
Polygon Manager
A Polygon Manager has been added to the Builder interface. The purpose of this manager is to
provide an easy way to select a range of grid blocks in the IJ-2D Areal view. Using the mouse,
virtually any boundary can be created. Based on where the mouse is clicked, any block wLWKD
FHQWURLGWKDWLVZithin the boundarywill be included. The PolygonManager alsoprovides a
way to create sectors or property modifications and apply them to thepolygonVWKDWhave been
defined. If polygons exist, they can also be used to create reporting groups based on wells
that are defined within the polygon boundary.
Property Modifications
It is now possible to choose whether or not you want to remove, incorporate or retain MOD
information associated with properties. These options will appear when you try to calculate
properties which have a MOD keyword associated with them, or when you are combining layers in
a dataset with MOD keywords.
Properties can be modified at later dates, if the properties being modified are allowed in the
Recurrent Data section (e.g. permeability). When Builder writes out these modifications at later
dates, they will appear as new keyword definitions for the range of blocks selected. Consequently,
the “MOD” keyword will not be seen and the use of operators other than “=” will not be allowed for
later dates.
Process Wizards
A new LTO combustion model has been added. When it is combined with classic burning reactions,
it gives results that duplicate lab results better than previous models.
The calculation method for stoichiometric coefficients for all classic burning reactions has been
changed to include a hydrogen balance between reactants and products.
The input method for reaction enthalpy has been changed for classic burning reactions so that the
user inputs a value normally measured in the lab (gross heat of combustion from a bomb
calorimeter).
The various reaction rates, reactions orders, etc., have been changed to help reduce material
balance errors when running with STARS. This will provide better results when working with smaller
models and smaller blocks.
Hydraulic Fracture Updates
When selecting a well or a specific date in the hydraulic fractures dialog, the option “Delete
Fractures” is now enabled so it is easy to delete multiple fractures for the same well or the same
date.
Node-Based Grids
The ability to edit node-based grids has been added. After converting to a node-based grid, it is now
possible to add Cartesian refinement, or split/combine layers in the grid.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
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GENERAL CHANGES - RESULTS
Results 3D
•
No changes.
Results Report
•
No changes.
Results Graph
•
No changes.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
17
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN WINPROP 2013
GENERAL CHANGES
Temperature-Dependent Volume Shift
A linear temperature-dependent volume shift model has been implemented in WinProp. This model
is useful for matching density data over a range of temperatures, especially for heavy oils.
The temperature-dependent parameter in the model may be adjusted via regression, or estimated
with a correlation.
This model is also available in GEM.
The previous temperature-dependent volume shift formulation is still available; however, it cannot
be adjusted in regression and is not available in GEM.
STARS PVT
It is now possible to specify both Basic STARS PVT and STARS K-value generation in a single
calculation option. The previous behavior of running only one of these calculations is still available.
Lumping of Components
The data entry window for the Lumping option has been modified. It is now possible to enter the
pseudo-component number for any individual component directly in the lumping scheme table.
This allows lumping of non-adjacent components. All existing Lumping datasets will run as before,
but will be converted to the new data entry format when opened in WinProp.
Phase Diagram for Pure Component
It is now possible to generate a pure component Pressure-Temperature diagram (vapor pressure
curve) using the Two-Phase Envelope calculation option. No changes in input are required. This
feature will be active if only one component is defined, or if only one component in a multicomponent system has a non-zero composition.
New Phase Property Plots
Phase enthalpy, heat capacity, and entropy are now available to be plotted via the Plot Control tab
for the two-phase flash, multiphase flash, and multi-phase with solid flash.
OTHER CHANGES
•
The functionality for exporting plot data to XML has been completed, allowing the export of all
plot data for all calculation options, export of all plot data for one calculation option, or export of
plot data for one plot.
•
Options for the Component Selection/Properties window have been added to delete multiple
components, and to duplicate the current component. A button to “Update Component
Properties” has also been added. This feature was previously accessed only through the menu
bar.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
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•
Default binary interaction parameters and volume shifts have been modified for some library
components, particularly for the SRK EOS.
•
Excess enthalpy, heat capacity, and entropy may be calculated using the Lee-Kesler
EOS/corresponding states model, to allow comparison of this model with excess properties
calculated directly from the cubic EOS.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
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IMPORTANT CHANGES IN LAUNCHER 2013
GENERAL CHANGES
•
No changes.
IMPORTANT CHANGES IN DATAIMPORTER 2013
GENERAL CHANGES
•
DataImporter recognizes and supports SCALECRS. The SCALECRS keyword is translated
directly into a *3PTSCALING entry, with the YES/NO arguments mapping to ON/OFF
respectively.
What's New in CMG Software 2013
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