\Il l l l l l l l l l "1 1 1 1 1 1 1 "!I I Il l5,780,789
lllllll
United States Patent [191
Tsuji
[11]
Patent Number:
[45]
Date of Patent:
Jul. 14, 1998
Shihong et al.. ‘The Genetic Algorithm as Applied to the
[54] GROUP MANAGING SYSTEM FOR
ELEVATOR CARS
Optimal Call Allocation for Elevator Group Control”: 34th
United Lecture Meeting of Automatic Control; pp. 347-350.
[75] Inventor: Shiutaro Tsuji. Inazawa. Japan
20 Nov. 1991.
[73] Assignee: Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha
Davis. L.; “Handbook of Genetic Algorithms"; pp. 1-60 Van
Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1991.
[21] Appl. No.: 882,226
Davis. L.; “Handbook of Genetic Algorithms"; pp. 91-98.
[22] Filed:
Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1991.
Jun. 25, 1997
Davis. L.; “Handbook of Genetic Algorithms”; pp. 332-349.
Related US. Application Data
Van Nostrand Reinhold. New York. 1991.
[63]
Continuation of Ser. No. 492,040, Jul. 21, 1995. abandoned.
[51]
Int. Cl.6 .............................. .. B6613 1/18; B6613 1/16'.
[52]
US. Cl. .......................... .. 187/382; 187/380; 395/13;
[58]
Field of Search ................................... .. 187/380. 382.
Davis. Lawrence; “Adapting Operator Probabilities in
Genetic Algorithms”; Proceedings of the Third International
187/387. 391. 393; 395/901. 13
Conference on Genetic Algorithms; pp. 61-69. 4 Jun. 1989.
G06F 15/18
395/901
[56]
References Cited
U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS
4,935,877
5,010,472
5,255,345
6/1990 Koza ..................................... .. 364/313
4/1991 Yoneda et a1. .
. 364/148
10/1993
Shaefer
. . . .. . ... . .. ..
. . . . . ..
5/1994 Morita et a1.
5.394.509
2/1995
5,557,533
9/1996 Koford et a1. ........................ .. 364/491
. . . ..
. 187/124
. . . . . . ..
International Conference on Genetic Algorithms; pp.
466-473. 13 Jul. 1991.
Cartwright et aL; “Looking Around; Using Clues from the
Data Space to Guide Genetic Algorithm Searches"; Proceed
ings of the Fourth International Conference of Genetic
Algorithms; pp. 108-114. 13 Jul. 1991.
395/13
5,307,903
Winston
Mansour et al.. “A Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Task
Allocation in Multicomputers”; Proceedings of the Fourth
395/13
Primary Examiner—Robert Nappi
Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Leydig. Voit & Mayer. Ltd.
[57]
ABSTRACT
FOREIGN PATENT DOCUMENTS
57-57168
451475
524067
5319707
4/1982
8/1992
4/1993
12/1993
Japan
Japan
Japan
Japan
.
.
.
.
UI‘HER PUBLICATIONS
“Current Situations and Problems in the Genetic Algo
rithm”; J. SICE. vol. 32. No. 1. Jan.. 1993. (Not in English).
Lao Shihong. et al.; ‘The Genetic Algorithm as Applied to
the Optimal Call Allocation for Elevator Group Control”.
Lao Shihong. et 211.; “GA as Applied to Constructing an
Elevator Group Control System"; Proceedings of the 36th
Annual Conference of the Institue of Systems. Control and
Information Engineers ISCIE (May 20-22. 1992).
A system for group managing plural elevator cars according
to a group management algorithm including plural param
eters includes a seeking apparatus for seeking the optimum
parameter set. the optimum set being taken from combina
tions of parameter values given to the group management
algorithm. Some new sets are produced by crossover or
mutation in the operation of the system. Excellent sets are
accumulated in a memory using additional registrations in
which excellent sets are additionally stored in the memory
and deletions in which impaired sets are deleted from the
memory. The optimum set is selected from the accumulated
sets. so that the system can efficiently seek the optimum set.
46 Claims, 47 Drawing Sheets
US. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
Sheet 1 of 47
5,780,789
Fig.1
_/ 1O SEEKING APPARATUS
-
_
f
/
20
20a
EXTRACTOR
/11
/12
\
PRODUCER
F’
,/16a
g
17a
13
13a
'
ESTIMATOR
17
/
13b
UNIT
'
16
/
15a
baDELETlNG
[J
UNIT
#218
INITIALIzATION
UNIT
,
15
ADD'NG
19a 19
HE-SEEKING
DETERMINATION
UNIT
L————
UNIT
H14a
14
/_/
ADDITIONAL
REFERENCE
VALUE MEMORY
#18318
[J
ADDITIONAL
REFERENCE
VALUE MODIFIER
/
‘/
2a
END
DETERMINATION
‘J
1
MANAGEMENT
APPARATUS
12a
MEMORY
/
l /1a GROUP
11a
[J
l
S‘MULATOR
2
US. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
5,780,789
Sheet 2 0f 47
F | g.
2
[/10
#100
RAM
KJTQD
18
/_/1QE
10A
INPUT
C
INTERFA E
F/
INTERFACE
MICRO
2a
H108
ROM
OUTPUT
13a
US. Patent
Jul. 14,1998
F i
5,780,789
Sheet 3 of 47
g .
3
106
K100
ELS (Fig.5)
TRS (Fig.6)
P
EPS (1)
[ PRE (1)
EP8 (P)
]
SCM
NPSX
ELSX
TRSX
13a
PRF(Fig.7)
EPS (Pmax) ( PRE (Pmax)
NE
Pn
13b
(RES)
PRE (P)
NPSY
Y PRFY
NPS(1)
BX
12a
NR
(RAP
NPSZ
I
NPS (Pn)
PRFZ
16a
17a
18a
19a
RP
F LAG
CBX
STR
NPS (Nmax)
VPD (1)
20a
BPS
ELSY
THSY
VPD (P)
(BPD)
21a
SS
Pk
VPD (Pmax)
IPS (1) 1 PR] (1)
VPE (1)
(Ps (Pk) | PHI (Pk)
VPE (P)
VPN
NP
WVPE
BVPE
RC
BP
VPE (Pmax)
VPS (1)
PS1
VPS (P)
(GPSO)
PS2
PX
CR
MR
VPS (Pmax)
U.S. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
5,780,789
Sheet 4 0f 47
Fig.4
10B
/
MAXIMUM VALUE OF NUMBER OF SETS
TO BE REGISTERED
3 pm)‘
MAXIMUM vALUE OF NUMBER OF NEW SETS ; Nmax
SEEKING END DETERMINATION vALUE
: NEa
DELETION START DETERMINATION vALUE
; PS
DELETION END DETERMINATION VALUE :Pe
OORREOTION VALUE
:AVPE
INITIAL SET GROUP
:GPS1
(REGULAR OPERATION)
INITIAL SET GROUP
:GPSZ
(RUSH HOUR OPERATION)
INITIAL SET GROUP
:GPSB
(UP-PEAK OPERATION)
INITIAL SET GROUP
(DOWN-PEAK OPERATION)
:GPS4
US. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
Sheet 5 of 47
F i g .
5,7 80,7 89
5
/1 a
NUMBER OF ELEvATOR CARS
SPEED (M/MIN)
CAPACITY (PERSONS)
OOWNMOST FLOOR
UPMOST FLOOR
ELEvATOR CAR OOOR WIOTFI (MM)
4
12o
2o
I
1o
1000
SPECIFICATION RIOINC TIME PRIORITY ALLOCATION FUNCTION
ON
DATA (ELS)
ELECTRIC POWER SAVING ALLOCATION FUNCTION
ON
ADJACENT CAR PRIORITY ALLOCATION FUNCTION
ON
LICFIT LOAO CAR PRIORITY ALLOCATION FUNCTION
ON
SPECIFIC CAR PRIORITY ALLOCATION FUNCTION
OFF
RUSH HOUR OPERATION
ON
UP-PEAK OPERATION
ON
DOWN-PEAK OPERATION
ON
OISPERSINC WAITING OPERATION
ON
ELECTRIC POWER SAVING OPERATION
ON
US. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
Sheet 6 0f 47
F i g .
5,780,789
6
/1a
PURPOSE OF BUILDING
TRAFFIc FLOW
oFFIcE
START TIME oF TIME BAND
14100
END TIME OF TIME BAND
15:00
giig'gggm'q NUMBER OF ALL PASSENGER (PERSONS / HOUR)
50o
GRouND FLooR TRAFFIG RATIo (0/0)
80
TRAVELLING-UP TRAFFIC RATIo (0/0)
50
TRAVELLING-DOWN TRAFFIc RATID (0/0)
50
F i g .
7
2a
/
GROUP
MEAN WAITING TIME (SEC)
AWT
LDNG WAITING RATE (%)
RLW
MosT WAITING TIME (SEC)
MWT
RREDIcTIoN ERRoR RATE (v0)
PREDICTION ALTERATION RATE (%)
RPE
RPC
gég?gggisglz PASSING WHEN FULLY OCCUPIED OCCURENCE RATE (0/0)
RBR
DATA (PRFI
MEAN BOARDING TIME (SEC)
ABT
MOST BOARDING TIME (SEC)
MBT
FoWER coNsuMRTIoN AMOUNT (KW - Hr)
PWC
ADJACENT CAR REsFoNDING RATE (0/0)
RNR
LIGHT LOAD CAR RESPONDING RATE (‘3/3)
RLR
sREcIFIc CAR REsRoNDING RATE (II/Q)
RsR
US. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
Sheet 7 of 47
5,780,789
Fig.8
/ 1 1a
NO.
PARAMETERS NAME
SYMBOL Sim/‘HER
1 FULLY OCCUPIED STATE ESTIMATION COEFFICIENT
Ca
10,000
2 PREDICTION ERROR ESTIMATION COEFFICIENT
Cb
40C
3 RIDING TIME PRIORITY DEGREE
Pa
100
4 ELECTRICAL POWER SAVING PRIORITY DEGREE
Pb
100
5 ADJACENT CAR PRIORITY DEGREE
Ba
100
6 LIGHT LOAD CAR PRIORITY DEGREE
100
7 SPECIFIC ELEVATOR PRIORITY DEGREE
BC
ICC
8 LONG WAITING CALLING DETERMINATION VALUE
DL.
12C
9 PASSING WHEN FULLY OCCUPIED REFERENCE VALUE
80
‘I0 UP-PEAK OPERATION FIRST DETERMINATION REFERENCE VALUE
DUP'I
70
I 1 UP~PEAK OPERATION SECOND DETERMINATION REFERENCE VALUE
DUP2
70
‘I2 UP-PEAK OPERATION DETERMINATION PERIOD
DUPT
‘I20
13 UP-PEAK OPERATION LINEUP CAR NUMBER
DUPN
2
‘I4 DOWN-PEAK OPERATION FIRST DETERMINATION REFERENCE VALUE
70
15 DOWN-PEAK OPERATION SECOND DETERMINATION REFERENCE VALUE
DDR2
50
‘I6 DOWN-PEAK OPERATION DETERMINATION PERIOD
DDPT
120
‘I7 DOWN-PEAK OPERATION PRIORITY DEGREE
DDPE
20
‘I8 RUSH HOUR OPERATION DETERMINATION REFERENCE VALUE
3
19 RUSH HOUR OPERATION LINEUP CAR NUMBER
DIUPN
3
2O RUSH HOUR OPERATION START TIME
DIIJPT
15
21 RUSH HOUR OPERATION DOOR OPEN WAITING CAR NUMBER
DIUPW
2
22 ELECTRICAL POWER SAVING OPERATION FIRST SERVICE REFERENCE VALUE
DESWI
I5
23 ELECTRICAL PCWEFI SAVING OPERATION SECOND SERVICE REFERENCE VALUE
DESWQ
3O
24 DISPERSING WAITING OPERATION REGULAR NUMBER
DOHN
3
25 DISPERSING WAITING OPERATION REGULAR TIME
DOI‘IT
60
\____"_,__J
PARAMETER VALUE SET
EPS
US. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
Sheet 8 of 47
F i g.
9
I START I
/_/221
FLOOR CALL REGISTRATION
PROGRAM
ALLOCATION PROGRAM
ALLOCATION ALTERATION
PROGRAM
H224
RUSH HOUR OPERATION
PROGRAM
1 225
UP-PEAK OPERATION
PROGRAM
H226
DOWN-PEAK OPERATION
PROGRAM
H227
DISPERSING WAITING
OPERATION PROGRAM
r) 228
ELECTRICAL POWER SAVING
OPERATION PROGRAM
r) 229
OUTPUT PROGRAM
END
5,780,789
US. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
Sheet 9 of 47
5,780,789
OBTAIN THE
OPTIMUM SET
232
SS=1000 ?
\ YES
___/
NO
NO
ssg1 ?
233
235
,1
MODIFY S|GNAL1 a AND
(SCM <— f 0] )
/_/
>
YES
OUTPUT
234
PRODUCE NEW SIGNAL] a
AND OUTPUT
(SCM<— f H )
U.S. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
Sheet 10 0f 47
5,780,789
_/ 25 RE-SEEKING DETERMINATION
/
[.226
PROGRAM
SEEKING START
DETERMINATION PROGRAM
27
<
STFIi I01 '2
\,YES
J]
NO
-
N0
n
-
=
/—
\
FLAG
H 28
INITIALIZATION PROGRAM
I
-
,,
m '
_
30
>
7v 29 PRODUCTION
PROGRAM
YES
/._J 31
NEW SET PRODUCTION
PROGRAM
ESTIMATION PROGRAM
~33
I
ADDITION PROGRAM
"\J 34
I
DELETION PROGRAM
"\1 35
I
ADDITIONAL REFERENCE
N 36
VALUE MODIFICATION PROGRAM
I
SEEKING END
DETERMINATION PROGRAM N 37
I
OPTIMUM SET
EXTRACTION PROGRAM
N38
US. Patent
Jul. 14,1998
Sheet 11 0f 47
F | g.
5,780,789
1 2
( START )
H261
INPUT SIGNAL 1a
#262
DOES SCM CHANGE FROM
"on
"11:?
YES
NO
#263
< ELsiELsX? >ES————'
NO
[J 264
NO
“< TRS-‘FTRSX ? >
YES
H265
STFM-[U
END
US. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
Sheet 13 of 47
5,780,789
Fig. 14
(
NPéNmax '?
NO
>————————_
YES
K312
END
Pn *— O
J,
K313
FIND VPS(1) TO VPS(P)
'
K314
K315
SELECTTON OF PRODUCTTON METHOD
316
MUTATION
WHICH METHOD ?
r
CROSSOVER
K317
SELECT TWO PARENT SETS
T
,/318
SELECT PARAMETER NUMBER PX
‘L
r’ 31 9
EXCHANGE PARAMETER VALUE
L
K320
Pn ‘— Pn+1
[[324
NO
——<
PrH-ZéNmax ?
YES
NPR-1
GE)
;
[1325
K321
SELECT ONE PARENT SET
T
K322
SELECT PARAMETER NUMBER PX
‘L
r/ 323
REPLACE WITH NEW PARAMETER VALUE
US. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
Sheet 14 of 47
5,780,789
F i g. 1 5
‘ START )
PRODUCTION OF SIM
NPSX‘—NPS(NP)
ELsx~—E|_s
TRsx~—TRs
OUTPUT SIM TO SIMULATOR
’\J 331
/\/332
333
NO
——_( END OF SIMULATION?
y
YES
[NP T GROU P MANAGEM ENT PERFOR MAN CE w 334
VALLdJE
PRODUCTION OF RES
NPSY*—NPSX
PRFw-RPF
““ 335
NE*—NE+1
RENEWAL OF NP
NP~NP+1
END
N 336
US. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
Sheet 15 of 47
5,780,789
H341
NO
——<
VPN< BX?
YES
END
>
US. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
Sheet 16 of 47
Fig.17
351
PéPs '2
, NO
YES
K352
VP.D(1) ~ Avym)
VP.D(P) ~— AWRP)
K353
INITIALIZATION
RC *— 1
WVPE ‘— 0
RP +— 0
354
VPD(RC)<WVPE? NO
YES
K355
WVPE ‘- vPD(Rc)
RP ~ Rc
RC ‘- PIC-+1
NO
Rc>P? ;
357
YES K358
-DELETE REGISTRATION
OF EPS(RP)
-DELETE REGISTRATION
OF PRE(HP)
- P ~ P-1
-RENUMBEFHNG OF SET
NUMBERS
r/ 359
Wine '2 >
YES
END
5,780,789
US. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
Sheet 17 0f 47
VPE(1)'—AWT(1)
VPé (P) ‘— AW'T (P)
H362
SPECIFY WVPE
H363
CBX'—WVPE—AVPE
H364
END
5,780,789
US. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
H373
FLAG~ F01
END
Sheet 18 of 47
5,780,789
US. Patent
Jul. 14, 1998
Sheet 19 of 47
F i g .
2 O
( START )
K381
VPS(1)*— AWTU)
VPS(P) ‘— AWT(P)
K382
INITIALIZATION
PC +— 1
BVPE ‘" 9.999
BP '— 0
r1383
< VPS(RC)<BVPE ? W
YES
K384
BVPE ~ VPS(RC)
BP *- RC
K385
RC‘—RC+1
386
Jg€>j
?
YES
K387
PRODUCTION OF BPD
BPS *- BVPE
ELSY '- ELSX
TRSY *- TRSX
SS <— NE
K388
OUTPUT BPD TO GROUP
MANAGEMENT APPARATUS
END
5,780,789