TLV431A
Low Voltage Precision
Adjustable Shunt Regulator
The TLV431A series are precision low voltage shunt regulators that
are programmable over a wide voltage range of 1.24 V to 16 V. These
series feature a guaranteed reference accuracy of ±1.0% at 25°C and
±2.0% over the entire industrial temperature range of –40°C to 85°C.
These devices exhibit a sharp low current turn–on characteristic with a
low dynamic impedance of 0.20 Ω over an operating current range of
100 A to 20 mA. This combination of features makes this series an
excellent replacement for zener diodes in numerous applications
circuits that require a precise reference voltage. When combined with
an optocoupler, the TLV431A can be used as an error amplifier for
controlling the feedback loop in isolated low output voltage (3.0 V to
3.3 V) switching power supplies. These devices are available in
economical TSOP–5 and TO–92 packages.
MARKING
DIAGRAM
1
1. Reference
2. Anode
3. Cathode
3
Programmable Output Voltage Range of 1.24 V to 16 V
Voltage Reference Tolerance 1.0%
Sharp Low Current Turn–On Characteristic
Low Dynamic Output Impedance of 0.20 Ω from 100 A to 20 mA
Wide Operating Current Range of 50 A to 20 mA
Micro Miniature TSOP–5 and TO–92 Packages
A
L
Y
WW
4
• Low Output Voltage (3.0 V to 3.3 V) Switching Power Supply Error
TSOP–5
SN SUFFIX
CASE 483
1
Amplifier
Adjustable Voltage or Current Linear and Switching Power Supplies
Voltage Monitoring
Current Source and Sink Circuits
Analog and Digital Circuits Requiring Precision References
Low Voltage Zener Diode Replacements
2
3
PIN CONNECTIONS
AND DEVICE MARKING
NC
1
NC
2
Cathode
3
RAAYW
•
•
•
•
•
= Assembly Location
= Wafer Lot
= Year
= Work Week
5
Applications
TLV43
1ALP
ALYWW
TO–92
LP SUFFIX
CASE 29
2
Features
•
•
•
•
•
•
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5
Anode
4
Reference
(Top View)
RAA = Device Code
Y
= Year
W = Work Week
Cathode (K)
Reference (R)
+
-
ORDERING INFORMATION
Device
Package
Shipping
TLV431ALP
TO–92
6000 / Box
TLV431ALPRA
TO–92
2000 / Tape & Reel
TLV431ALPRE
TO–92
2000 / Tape & Reel
TLV431ALPRM
TO–92
2000 / Ammo Pack
TLV431ALPRP
TO–92
2000 / Ammo Pack
TLV431ASNT1
TSOP–5
3000 / Tape & Reel
1.24 Vref
Anode (A)
Figure 1. Representative Block Diagram
 Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC, 2001
January, 2001 – Rev. 2
1
Publication Order Number:
TLV431A/D
TLV431A
Cathode (K)
Reference (R)
Cathode (K)
Reference (R)
Anode (A)
Symbol
Anode (A)
The device contains 13 active transistors.
Figure 2. Representaive Schematic Diagram
MAXIMUM RATINGS (Full operating ambient temperature range applies, unless otherwise noted)
Symbol
Rating
Cathode to Anode Voltage
Value
Unit
VKA
18
V
Cathode Current Range, Continuous (Note 1.)
IK
–20 to 25
mA
Reference Input Current Range, Continuous
Iref
0.05 to 10
mA
°C/W
Thermal Characteristics
LP Suffix Package
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Ambient
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Case
SN Suffix Package
Thermal Resistance, Junction–to–Ambient
RJA
RJC
178
83
RJA
226
Operating Junction Temperature
TJ
150
°C
Operating Ambient Temperature Range (Note 1.)
TA
40 to 85
°C
Storage Temperature Range
Tstg
65 to 150
°C
1. Maximum package power dissipation limits must not be exceeded.
T
P
D
T
J(max)
A
R
JA
NOTE: This device series contains ESD protection and exceeds the following tests:
Human Body Model 2000 V per MIL–STD–883, Method 3015.
Machine Model Method 200 V.
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
Condition
Cathode to Anode Voltage
Cathode Current
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2
Symbol
Min
Max
Unit
VKA
Vref
16
V
IK
0.1
20
mA
TLV431A
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (TA = 25°C unless otherwise noted)
Symbol
Min
Typ
Max
1.228
1.215
1.240
—
1.252
1.265
Vref
–
7.2
20
mV
V
–
0.6
1.5
mV
V
Iref
–
0.15
0.3
µA
Iref
–
0.04
0.08
µA
Minimum Cathode Current for Regulation (Figure 1)
IK(min)
–
55
80
µA
Off–State Cathode Current (Figure 3)
(VKA = 6.0 V, Vref = 0)
(VKA = 16 V, Vref = 0)
IK(off)
–
–
0.01
0.012
0.04
0.05
Dynamic Impedance (Figure 1)
(VKA = Vref, IK = 0.1 mA to 20 mA, f ≤ 1.0 kHz, Note 4.)
|ZKA|
–
0.25
0.4
Characteristic
Reference Voltage (Figure 1)
(VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA, TA = 25°C)
(TA = Tlow to Thigh, Note 2.)
Vref
Reference Input Voltage Deviation Over Temperature (Figure 1)
(VKA = Vref, IK = 10 mA, TA = Tlow to Thigh, Notes 2., 3.)
Ratio of Reference Input Voltage Change to Cathode Voltage Change (Figure 2)
(VKA = Vref to 16 V, IK = 10 mA)
V
Reference Terminal Current (Figure 2)
(IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = open)
Reference Input Current Deviation Over Temperature (Figure 2)
(IK = 10 mA, R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 = Open, Notes 2., 3.)
ref
Unit
V
KA
µA
Ω
2. Ambient temperature range: Tlow = 40°C, Thigh = 85°C.
3. The deviation parameters Vref and Iref are defined as the difference between the maximum value and minimum value obtained over the
full operating ambient temperature range that applied.
Vref Max
Vref = Vref Max – Vref Min
TA = T2 – T1
Vref Min
T1
Ambient Temperature
T2
The average temperature coefficient of the reference input voltage, αVref is defined as:
αV
ref
ppm
°C
(V )
ref
10 6
V
(T 25°C)
ref A
T
A
αVref can be positive or negative depending on whether Vref Min or Vref Max occurs at the lower ambient temperature, refer to Figure 6.
Example: Vref = 7.2 mV and the slope is positive,
Example: Vref @ 25°C = 1.241 V
Example: TA = 125°C
αV
ref
0.0072 10 6
ppm
1.241
46 ppm °C
°C
125
4. The dynamic impedance ZKA is defined as:
Z
V
KA

KA
I K
When the device is operating with two external resistors, R1 and R2, (refer to Figure 2) the total dynamic impedance of the circuit is given by:
ZKA′ ZKA 1 R1
R2
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3
TLV431A
Input
VKA
Input
VKA
IK
Vref
Figure 1. Test Circuit
for VKA = Vref
R1
Iref
R2
Vref
V
VKA
KA
IK(off)
V
1 R1 I R1
ref
R2
ref
Figure 2. Test Circuit
for VKA Vref
Figure 3. Test Circuit
for IK(off)
110
30
Input
Input
20
IK
I K , CATHODE CURRENT ( A)
90
I K , CATHODE CURRENT (mA)
Input
IK
VKA
VKA = Vref
TA = 25°C
10
0
VKA
IK
70
IK(min)
VKA = Vref
TA = 25°C
50
30
10
–10
–10
–1.0
–30
–0.5
0
0.5
1.0
VKA, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V)
1.5
2.0
0
Figure 4. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
Vref(typ)
1.24
Input
VKA
IK
Vref(min)
VKA = Vref
IK = 10 mA
–15
10
35
60
TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
I ref , REFERENCE INPUT CURRENT ( A)
Vref , REFERENCE INPUT VOLTAGE (V)
1.2
1.4
0.15
Vref(max)
1.22
–40
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
VKA, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 5. Cathode Current vs. Cathode Voltage
1.25
1.23
0.2
Input
10 k
0.14
Iref
IK = 10 mA
0.13
0.12
–40
85
VKA
IK
Figure 6. Reference Input Voltage versus
Ambient Temperature
–15
10
35
60
TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
Figure 7. Reference Input Current versus
Ambient Temperature
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4
85
4.0
0
IK = 10 mA
TA = 25°C
–2.0
–4.0
Input
VKA
–6.0
IK
R1
R2
–8.0
Input
I K(off) , CATHODE CURRENT ( A)
Vref , REFERENCE INPUT VOLTAGE CHANGE (mV)
TLV431A
Vref
3.0
2.0
1.0
–10
TA = 25°C
0
0
4.0
8.0
12
VKA, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V)
16
0
4.0
Figure 8. Reference Input Voltage Change
versus Cathode Voltage
20
10
Output
Input
0.3
VKA
VKA = 16 V
Vref = 0 V
Ioff
0.2
0.1
0
–40
IK
|Za|, DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE (OHM)
Ioff , OFF-STATE CATHODE CURRENT ( A)
16
8.0
12
VKA, CATHODE VOLTAGE (V)
Figure 9. Off–State Cathode Current
versus Cathode Voltage
0.4
50
–
+
1.0
IK = 0.1 mA to 20 mA
f = 1.0 kHz
TA = 25°C
0.1
60
–15
10
35
TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
85
1.0 k
Figure 10. Off–State Cathode Current versus
Ambient Temperature
Output
0.23
10 M
Output
IK
–
+
0.21
0.20
0.19
–40
100 k
1.0 M
f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
60
IK = 0.1 mA to 20 mA
f = 1.0 kHz
50
0.22
10 k
Figure 11. Dynamic Impedance versus
Frequency
A vol , OPEN LOOP VOLTAGE GAIN (dB)
0.24
|Za|, DYNAMIC IMPEDANCE (OHM)
VKA
Ioff
VKA = 16 V
Vref = 0 V
15 k
50
IK
9
40
230
–
8.25 k
+
30
IK = 10 mA
TA = 25°C
20
10
0
–15
10
35
60
TA, AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C)
100
85
Figure 12. Dynamic Impedance versus
Ambient Temperature
1.0 k
10 k
100 k
f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
Figure 13. Open–Loop Voltage Gain
versus Frequency
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5
1.0 M
TLV431A
350
Pulse
Generator
f = 100 kHz
1.5
VKA = Vref
IK = 10 mA
TA = 25°C
(VOLTS)
NOISE VOLTAGE (nV/ √ Hz)
Output
IK
Iref
325
1.8 k Output
Input
Input
300
50
Output
1.0
TA = 25°C
0.5
Input
0
2.0
275
0
250
10
100
1.0 k
10 k
f, FREQUENCY (Hz)
100 k
0
1.0
Figure 14. Spectral Noise Density
2.0
3.0
4.0 5.0 6.0
t, TIME (µs)
7.0
8.0
Figure 15. Pulse Response
3.5
I K, CATHODE CURRENT (mA)
3.0
VKA = Vref
2.5
150
2.0
Stable
Stable
IK
1.5
V+
CL
TA = 25°C
1.0
0.5
0
100 pF 1.0 nF
0.01 F
0.1 F
1.0 F
CL, LOAD CAPACITANCE
10 F
Figure 16. Stability Boundary Conditions
Figure 17. Test Circuit for Figure 16
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6
9.0
10.0
TLV431A
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
Vin
Vin
Vout
Vout
R1
R1
R2
Vin
R2
Vout 1 R1 V
R2 ref
Vout 1 R1 V
R2 ref
Figure 18. Shunt Regulator
Figure 19. High Current Shunt Regulator
Vin
MC7805
Out
In
Common
Vout
Vout
R1
R1
R2
R2
Vout 1 R1 V
R2 ref
Vout 1 R1 V
R2 ref
V
V V 2.0 V
out(min)
ref
be
V
V 5.0 V
out(min)
ref
Figure 20. Output Control for a Three Terminal
Fixed Regulator
Figure 21. Series Pass Regulator
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7
TLV431A
Vin
Isink
I
sink
Iout
RCL
Vin
V
ref
R
S
Vout
RS
V
I out ref
R
CL
Figure 22. Constant Current Source
Vin
Figure 23. Constant Current Sink
Vin
Vout
Vout
R1
R1
R2
R2
V
1 R1 V
out(trip)
R2 ref
V
1 R1 V
out(trip)
R2 ref
Figure 24. TRIAC Crowbar
Figure 25. SCR Crowbar
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8
TLV431A
V+
Vin
R1
LED
R3
Vout
Vin
R2
R4
L.E.D. indicator is ‘ON’ when Vin is
between the upper and lower limits,
Lower limit 1 R1 V
R2 ref
Upper limit 1 R3 V
R4 ref
Figure 26. Voltage Monitor
5k
1%
50 k
1%
10 k
V
Vref
V+
Vref
≈ 0.74 V
38 V
2.0 mA
T1 = 330 to 8.0 330
T1
1.0 M
1%
500 k
1%
Vout
Figure 27. Single–Supply Comparator with
Temperature–Compensated Threshold
25 V
1N5305
Vin
10 k
Calibrate
8.0 +
360 k
470 F
100 k
V
1.0 k
V
1.0 F
1.0 M
V
0.05 F
25 V
*Thermalloy
*THM 6024
*Heatsink on
*LP Package.
Range
Volume
47 k
*
Vout
+
56 k
25 k
Tone
10 k
–5.0 V
Rx
R x V out Range
V
Figure 28. Linear Ohmmeter
Figure 29. Simple 400 mW Phono Amplifier
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9
TLV431A
AC Input
DC Output
3.3 V
Gate Drive
100
VCC
Controller
R1
3.0 k
VFB
C1
0.1 F
Current
Sense
R2
1.8 k
GND
Figure 30. Isolated Output Line Powered Switching Power Supply
The above circuit shows the TLV431A as a compensated amplifier controlling the feedback loop of an isolated output line
powered switching regulator. The output voltage is programmed to 3.3 V by the resistors values selected for R1 and R2. The
minimum output voltage that can be programmed with this circuit is 2.64 V, and is limited by the sum of the reference voltage
(1.24 V) and the forward drop of the optocoupler light emitting diode (1.4 V). Capacitor C1 provides loop compensation.
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10
TLV431A
PACKAGE DIMENSIONS
TO–92
LP SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 29–11
ISSUE AJ
A
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: INCH.
3. CONTOUR OF PACKAGE BEYOND DIMENSION R
IS UNCONTROLLED.
4. LEAD DIMENSION IS UNCONTROLLED IN P AND
BEYOND DIMENSION K MINIMUM.
B
R
P
L
SEATING
PLANE
K
DIM
A
B
C
D
G
H
J
K
L
N
P
R
V
D
X X
G
J
H
V
C
SECTION X–X
1
N
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.175
0.205
0.170
0.210
0.125
0.165
0.016
0.021
0.045
0.055
0.095
0.105
0.015
0.020
0.500
--0.250
--0.080
0.105
--0.100
0.115
--0.135
---
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
4.45
5.20
4.32
5.33
3.18
4.19
0.407
0.533
1.15
1.39
2.42
2.66
0.39
0.50
12.70
--6.35
--2.04
2.66
--2.54
2.93
--3.43
---
N
TSOP–5
SN SUFFIX
PLASTIC PACKAGE
CASE 483–01
ISSUE A
NOTES:
1. DIMENSIONING AND TOLERANCING PER ANSI
Y14.5M, 1982.
2. CONTROLLING DIMENSION: MILLIMETER.
3. MAXIMUM LEAD THICKNESS INCLUDES LEAD
FINISH THICKNESS. MINIMUM LEAD THICKNESS
IS THE MINIMUM THICKNESS OF BASE
MATERIAL.
D
S
5
4
1
2
3
B
L
G
A
J
C
0.05 (0.002)
H
M
K
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11
DIM
A
B
C
D
G
H
J
K
L
M
S
MILLIMETERS
MIN
MAX
2.90
3.10
1.30
1.70
0.90
1.10
0.25
0.50
0.85
1.00
0.013
0.100
0.10
0.26
0.20
0.60
1.25
1.55
0
10 2.50
3.00
INCHES
MIN
MAX
0.1142 0.1220
0.0512 0.0669
0.0354 0.0433
0.0098 0.0197
0.0335 0.0413
0.0005 0.0040
0.0040 0.0102
0.0079 0.0236
0.0493 0.0610
0
10 0.0985 0.1181
TLV431A
MINIMUM RECOMMENDED FOOTPRINT FOR SURFACE MOUNTED APPLICATIONS
Surface mount board layout is a critical portion of the
total design. The footprint for the semiconductor packages
must be the correct size to insure proper solder connection
interface between the board and the package. With the
correct pad geometry, the packages will self align when
subjected to a solder reflow process.
0.094
2.4
0.037
0.95
0.074
1.9
0.037
0.95
0.028
0.7
0.039
1.0
inches
mm
TSOP–5
(Footprint Compatible with SOT–23–5)
ON Semiconductor and
are trademarks of Semiconductor Components Industries, LLC (SCILLC). SCILLC reserves the right to make changes
without further notice to any products herein. SCILLC makes no warranty, representation or guarantee regarding the suitability of its products for any particular
purpose, nor does SCILLC assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product or circuit, and specifically disclaims any and all liability,
including without limitation special, consequential or incidental damages. “Typical” parameters which may be provided in SCILLC data sheets and/or
specifications can and do vary in different applications and actual performance may vary over time. All operating parameters, including “Typicals” must be
validated for each customer application by customer’s technical experts. SCILLC does not convey any license under its patent rights nor the rights of others.
SCILLC products are not designed, intended, or authorized for use as components in systems intended for surgical implant into the body, or other applications
intended to support or sustain life, or for any other application in which the failure of the SCILLC product could create a situation where personal injury or
death may occur. Should Buyer purchase or use SCILLC products for any such unintended or unauthorized application, Buyer shall indemnify and hold
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attorney fees arising out of, directly or indirectly, any claim of personal injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use, even if such claim
alleges that SCILLC was negligent regarding the design or manufacture of the part. SCILLC is an Equal Opportunity/Affirmative Action Employer.
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TLV431A/D