Switching Regulator

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Voltage
Regul
ators
Regulators
Voltage
Voltage Regulator
Regulator Applications
Applications
Io
Voltage
Regulator
Ui
Ro
Uo
DC
Regulated
Load
DC Unregulated
Uo
Ui
t
t
Voltage
Voltage Regulator
Regulator Applications
Applications
Output
Compensation
Current Limit
Current Limit
DC
DC Voltage
Voltage Regulators
Regulators
Voltage Regulators Classification
Voltage Regulators
Pulse Regulators
Continuous Regulators
Parametric Regulators
Compensatory Regulators
DC
DC Voltage
Voltage Regulators
Regulators
Application Basic Parameters:
-Output Voltage- Vout
-Input Voltage Range- Vin
-Stabilization Ratio- IR
-Max. Output Current- Iout max
-Short-Circuit Output Current- Isc
-Efficiency,
-Temperature Range.
∆Uwy
Uwy
IR =
• 100%
∆Uwe
Uwe
DC
s
DC Voltage
Voltage Regulator
Regulators
Uo
Working Area
Uo
Io
Iomin
Iomax
Output Characteristic
DC
DC Voltage
Voltage Regulators
Regulators
Uo
Uo
Working Area
Ui
U imin
Transfer Characteristic
Uimax
Zener
Zener Diode
Diode-- Parametric
Parametric Regulator
Regulator
The parametric regulator uses as operating principle the nonlinear currentvoltage characteristic of the Zener diode.
Io
Rs
Iz
Ui
Dz
Uz
Ro Uo
DC Unregulated
Load
Uo ↑, Io ↑, Iz ↓, Uz ↓, Uo ↓
Vimax − Vz
Rsmin =
Izmax + Iomin
Vimin − Vz
Rsmax =
Izmin + Iomax
Zener
Zener Diode
Diode-- Parametric
Parametric Regulator
Regulator
IF
UR
Uz N
Uz max Uz
min
UF
Izmin
Iz N
Iz max
Zener Diode Characteristic
Zener
Zener Diode
Diode-- Parametric
Parametric Regulator
Regulator
Uz
Uz
U 'Z = U Z + U BE
T
U BE
High Power Zener Diode
U BE
Parametric
Parametric Regulators
Regulators
Rs
T
Ui
Uz
U O = U Z − U BE
Ro Uo
Parametric Regulator Voltage With Folower Output
Parametric
Parametric Regulators
Regulators
Ii
Iz
Io
Uz
Ui
T
Ro Uo
Ii = Iz + Io
Paraller Parametric Regulator
Parametric
Parametric Regulators
Regulators
Ii
T
Io
Rs
Ui
Uz
Ro Uo
Ii ≈ Io
Iz
Serial Parametric Regulator
Uo ↓, Io ↓, Ib ↓, Iz ↑, Uz ↑, Uo ↑
Compensatory
Compensatory Regulator
Regulator
T
R1
Ui
k
+
Uo
R2
R2
) = Uref
R1 + R2
R1
Uo = Uref(1 +
)
R2
Uo(
Uref
Simply Compensatory Regulator
Compensatory
Compensatory Regulators
Regulators
T
Rs
Ui
R1
Uo
k
+
R2
Uz
Uo = Uz • (1 +
Simply Compensatory Regulator ver.1.
R1
)
R2
Compensatory
Compensatory Regulators
Regulators
T
Uz
Ui
R1
Uo
+
k
-
R2
Rs
R2
Uo = Uref • (1 +
)
R1
Simply Compensatory Regulator ver.2.
Protections
Protections in
in Voltage
Voltage Regulators
Regulators
Negative Voltage
Protection
Reverse Voltage
Protection
Current Limit
Overvoltage
protection
T
Ui
k
Thermal
Protection
Uo
k
Uref, Error
Amplifier
PPrecision
recision IIntegrated-Circuit
ntegrated-Circuit
V
oltage R
egulator UA723
Voltage
Regulator
UA723
V+
Frequency
Compensation
FC
Invert
Input
Vc
IN-
Temperature
Compensated
Zener
+
Vo
Current
Source
Voltage
Reference
Amplifier
V-
Error
Amplifier
IN+
Vref
Non Invert
Input
Cl
Cs
Current
Limit
Schematic Diagram
Vz
PPrecision
recision IIntegrated-Circuit
ntegrated-Circuit
V
oltage R
egulator UA723
Voltage
Regulator
UA723
Application Basic Parameters
Parameter
Range
U input
9,5V-40V
U output
2V-37V
I output max
150 mA
U reference
6,8V-7,5V
I standby
Max 4mA
PPrecision
recision IIntegrated-Circuit
ntegrated-Circuit
V
oltage R
egulator UA723
Voltage
Regulator
UA723
Output
Compensation
Current Limit
Current Limit
Schematic Diagram
[Source: www.elportal.pl]
PPrecision
recision IIntegrated-Circuit
ntegrated-Circuit
V
oltage R
egulator UA723
Voltage
Regulator
UA723
V+
RA
-
Tc
+
Td
Error
Amplifier
Te
Rsc
Ube=0,6V
Iout
Ro
Current Limit
PPrecision
recision IIntegrated-Circuit
ntegrated-Circuit
V
oltage R
egulator UA723
Voltage
Regulator
UA723
R3 =
V+
Vin
Rsc
Vref
Cl
723
R1
Vc
Vo
R1 • R2
R1 + R2
Cs
IN-
IN+
Cref
R3
V-
Fc
100pF
R2
Basic Low-Voltage Regulator (VO = 2 V to 7 V)
Vout
PPrecision
recision IIntegrated-Circuit
ntegrated-Circuit
V
oltage R
egulator UA723
Voltage
Regulator
UA723
R3 =
V+
Vin
Rsc
Vref
Cl
723
R3
Vc
Vo
Cs
IN-
IN+
R1 • R2
R1 + R2
V-
R1
Fc
Vout
100pF
R2
Basic High-Voltage Regulator (VO = 7 V to 37 V)
PPrecision
recision IIntegrated-Circuit
ntegrated-Circuit
V
oltage R
egulator UA723
Voltage
Regulator
UA723
Vin
V+
Vref
Vc
Vo
T
Rsc
Cl
723
Cs
IN-
IN+
V-
R1
Fc
Vout
500pF
R2
High Power Positive-Voltage Regulator (External npn Pass
Transistor)
33-Terminal
-Terminal 11 A
A Positive
Positive Voltage
Voltage Regulator
Regulator
78xx
78xx
1
2 3
1 INPUT
2 GND
3 OUTPUT
Type
Uout [V]
Uin max
[V]
Iout max
[A]
7805
5
35
1
7806
6
35
1
7808
8
35
1
7809
9
35
1
7810
10
35
1
7812
12
35
1
7815
15
35
1
7818
18
35
1
7824
24
40
1
Application Basic Parameters
33-Terminal
-Terminal 11 A
A Positive
Positive Voltage
Voltage Regulator
Regulator
78xx
78xx
1 IN
Series Pass
Element
Current
Generator
Starting
Circuit
Reference
Voltage
3 OUT
SOA
Protection
Error
Amplifier
Thermal
Protection
78xx Block Diagram
2 GND
33-Terminal
-Terminal 11 A
A Positive
Positive Voltage
Voltage Regulator
Regulator
78xx
78xx
1 IN
78xx
3 OUT
2 GND
V in
330 nF
78xx- Typical Application
V out
100 nF
33-Terminal
-Terminal 11 A
A Positive
Positive Voltage
Voltage Regulator
Regulator
78xx
78xx
1 IN
78xx
2 GND
V in
3 OUT
R1
100 nF
V out
330 nF
R2
Circuit for Increasing Output Voltage
33-Terminal
-Terminal 11 A
A Positive
Positive Voltage
Voltage Regulator
Regulator
78xx
78xx
T1
3Ω
1 IN
78xx
3
OUT
2 GND
V in
330 nF
V out
100 nF
High-Current Voltage Regulator
33-Terminal
-Terminal 11 A
A Positive
Positive Voltage
Voltage Regulator
Regulator
78xx
78xx
Rsc
3Ω
T2
T1
1 IN
78xx
3
OUT
V in
2 GND
330 nF
V out
100 nF
High Output Current with Short-Circuit Protection
33-Terminal
-Terminal 11 A
A Positive
Positive Voltage
Voltage Regulator
Regulator
78xx
78xx
TO92
Iomax=500mA
TO2
TO220
Iomax=1A-3A
LM78xx Pacakges
Iomax=1A-3A
33-Terminal
-Terminal 11 A
A Positive
Positive Voltage
Voltage Regulator
Regulator
78xx
78xx
Heatsinks
[Source: http://tme.com/]
33-Terminal
-Terminal 11 A
ive Voltage
A Negat
Negative
Voltage Regulator
Regulator
79xx
79xx
1
2 3
1 GND
2 INPUT
3 OUTPUT
Type
Uout [V]
Uin max
[V]
Iout max
[A]
7905
-5
-35
1
7906
-6
-35
1
7908
-8
-35
1
7909
-9
-35
1
7910
-10
-35
1
7912
-12
-35
1
7915
-15
-35
1
7918
-18
-35
1
7924
-24
-40
1
Application Basic Parameters
33-Terminal
-Terminal 11 A
ive Voltage
A Negat
Negative
Voltage Regulator
Regulator
79xx
79xx
V in
330 nF
100 nF
1 GND
2 IN
79xx
3 OUT
79xx- Typical Application
V out
33-Terminal
-Terminal 11 A
ive Voltage
A Negat
Negative
Voltage Regulator
Regulator
79xx
79xx
20V
1 IN
7815
3 OUT
15V
2 GND
330 nF
100 nF
330 nF
100 nF
1 GND
-20V
2 IN
-15V
7915
3 OUT
Split Power Supply (±15 V - 1 A)
Three
-Terminal Adjustable
Three-Terminal
Adjustable Regulator
Regulator-- LM117,
LM117,
LM317
LM317
1
2 3
1 ADJ
2 Vin
3 Vout
Parametr
min
V out [V]
1,2
I out [A]
Vref [V]
typical
max
37
1,5
1,2
1,25
Application Basic Parameters
1,3
Three
-Terminal Adjustable
Three-Terminal
Adjustable Regulator
Regulator-- LM117,
LM117,
LM317
LM317
INPUT
Error
Amplifier
Vref
Current Limit
ADJ
Rlimit
OUTPUT
LM 117- Block Diagram
Three
-Terminal Adjustable
Three-Terminal
Adjustable Regulator
Regulator-- LM117,
LM117,
LM317
LM317
3 Vin
2 Vout
LM117
1 GND
V in
R1
240
V out
100 nF
1 uF
R2
5k
Uo = Uref (1 +
R2
), Uref = 1,25V
R1
LM117- Typical Application
Three
-Terminal Adjustable
Three-Terminal
Adjustable Regulator
Regulator-- LM117,
LM117,
LM317
LM317
3 Vin
2 Vout
LM117
1 GND
V in
R1
150
V out
100 nF
1 uF
R2
5k
LM113
1,2V
680
-10V
0V-30V Regulator
Low
-Out Regulator:
Low Drop
Drop-Out
Regulator: LDO
LDO
∆U = Ui − Uo
U
T
R1
Ui
k
+
Uo
R2
Uref
Typical Regulator : ∆U > 2V
LDO : ∆U = 0,2V ÷ 0,5V
Low
-Out Regulator:
Low Drop
Drop-Out
Regulator: LDO
LDO
Low-dropout adjustable and fixed linear voltage regulator NX1117
[Source: www.npm.com]
Functional Diagram
[Source: pl.mouser.com]
Low
-Out Regulator:
Low Drop
Drop-Out
Regulator: LDO
LDO
Typical application for fixed output voltage versions
[Source: www.npx.com]
Key applications
-Post regulation for SMPS (Switched Mode Power Supply)
-Consumer and industrial equipment
-Battery charger
-Hard drive controllers
-Core voltage supply: FPGA, PLD, DSP, CPU
-LCD TV
-DVD player
Switching
Switching Regulators
Regulators
Linear regulator efficiences is about 40%.
The larger the difference between the input and output voltage, the more
heat is produced.
Even the new LDO (low drop-out) regulators are still inefficient linear
regulators.
A switching regulator works by taking small chunks of energy.
Practical switching regulator efficiences typically range from 70%-95%.
The highest efiiciency is desired when battery life is critical.
The lost power is dissipated as heat.
Switching
Switching Regulators
Regulators
Switch
Low Pass
Filter
Vo
Vi
PWM
Controller
Filter
Error
Amplifier
Block Diagram
Vref
Switching
Switching Regulators
Regulators
UL
L
K
Ut
Uin
D
IL
Io
C
Ro
Uo
Low Pass Filter
Ut
t on t off
t
Switch PWM Controll
Step-Down Switching Regulator
Switching
Switching Regulators
Regulators
UL
L
Uin
IL
D
On State
UL
L
Io
C
Ro
UL
Uo
IL
Io
C
Uin
Ro
Uo
Off State
Uin-Uo
t
-U o
IL
IL = I o
t
ton
toff
Vo ton
=
Vin
T
ton
Vo =
Vin
T
L
Uin
Ut
IL
D
K
Vo
T
=
Vin toff
Io
C
Ro
Uo
T
Vo =
Vin
toff
Step-Up Switching Regulator
LM2574
LM2574 Switching
Switching Regulator
Regulator
ON/OFF
Vin
Feedback
GND
Output
GND
Block Diagram
[Source: www.ti.com]
LM2574
LM2574 Switching
Switching Regulator
Regulator
Typical Application
[Source: www.ti.com]
LM2574
LM2574 Switching
Switching Regulator
Regulator
Parameters
-3.3V, 5V, 12V, 15V and Adjustable Output Version
-Adjustable Output Version Voltage Range: 1.23V- 37V
-Specified 0.5A Output Current
-Wide Input Range: 40V
-52kHz Fixed Fraquency Internal Oscillator
-TTL Shutdown Capability, Low Power Standby Mode
-High Efficiency
-Thermal Shutdown and Current Limit Protection
LM2574
LM2574 Switching
Switching Regulator
Regulator
At low input voltages efficiency
is degraded. Higher inputs make
the fixed loss a smaller
percentage, improving
efficiency.
LT1109
LT1109 Switching
Switching Regulator
Regulator
Block Diagram
[Source: http://cds.linear.com/]
LT1109
LT1109 Switching
Switching Regulator
Regulator
Typical Application
[Source: http://cds.linear.com/]
LT1109
LT1109 Switching
Switching Regulator
Regulator
Parameters:
Output Voltage: 5V, 12V, Adjustable Voltage
120kHz Oscillator
1.6V Mimimum Start-Up Vlotage
Logic Controlled Shutdown
Output Current 100mA (Output 5V), 60mA (output 12V)
MC34063
MC34063 Switching
Switching Regulator
Regulator
Step-Up/Down/Inverting Switching Regulator
Block Diagram
[Source: www.ti.com]
MC34063
MC34063 Switching
Switching Regulator
Regulator
Inverting Switching Regulator
[Source: www.ti.com]
MC34063
MC34063 Switching
Switching Regulator
Regulator
Parameters:
-Operation from 3V to 40V Input
-Low Standbay Current
-Current Limiting
-Output Switch Current to 1,5A
-Output Voltage Adjustable
-Frequency Operation to 100kHz
-Precision Reference
2A
2A Standard
Standard Buck
Buck PWM
PWM Regulator
Regulator ISL
ISL 8500
8500
Functional Block Diagram
2A
2A Standard
Standard Buck
Buck PWM
PWM Regulator
Regulator ISL
ISL 8500
8500
Typical Application Schematic
2A
2A Standard
Standard Buck
Buck PWM
PWM Regulator
Regulator ISL
ISL 8500
8500
Parameters:
Standard Buck Controller with Integrated Switching Power MOSFET
Integrated Boot Diode
Input Voltage Range: Fixed 5V ±10%, Variable 5.5V to 25V
PWM Output Voltage Adjustable from 0.6V to 19V with Continuous Output
Current up to 2A
Fixed 500kHz Switching Frequency
Output Undervoltage Protection
Enable Inputs
Overcurrent Protection, Thermal Overload Protection
Internal 5V LDO regulator
LM
LM 317
317-- Switching
Switching Regulator
Regulator
Low Cost 3A Switching Regulator
[Source: www.ti.com]
UA723
UA723-- Switching
Switching Regulator
Regulator
[Source: www.ti.com]
78xx
78xx-- Switching
Switching Regulator
Regulator
[Source: www.farichaldsemi.com]
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