SSTeelcoat® Ductwork
"The Product of Choice"
VIRON INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
“Complete System Solutions for Moving Corrosive Air”TM
505 Hintz Road • Owosso, MI 48867
Phone: 989-723-8255 • Fax: 989-723-8417
E-mail:info@vironintl.com • Web: www.vironintl.com
INDEX
SECTION ONE
FACTORY MUTUAL (FM) APPROVAL
- FACTORY MUTUAL (FM) 2008 APPROVAL GUIDE LISTING
HALAR ® ECTFE DESIGN GUIDE
JOINT SEALANT
®
- GORE-TEX PRODUCT INFORMATION
®
- GORE-TEX CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY
- VIRON ECTFE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE CHART
- VIRON STANDARD ANGLE RING CHART
SECTION TWO
SSTEELCOAT
®
INSTRUCTIONALS
-
INSTALLATION GUIDE
TORQUE GUIDE
TORQUE PATTERN
-
DUCTWORK FABRICATION STANDARDS
-
FIELD TAP INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
-
FIELD REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS
SECTION THREE
-
SST CUTSHEETS
(END OF SECTION)
2008
APPROVAL GUIDE
CHAPTER 13
AIR HANDLING, SYSTEM COMPONENTS
AIR HANDLING, System Components
Duct Systems — General Introduction
Experience has shown that duct materials may transmit fire from one area to another, even when they have
obtained relatively low flame spread ratings from other test methods. Fire spread within a duct system is dependent
upon the relative combustibility of the basic duct or lining, the diameter or cross-section of the main header and
branch lines, the air flow and its structural integrity. Fire spread may be limited by resistance to ignition or by using
some form of interrupter or damper to prevent flame propagation. Ducts that incorporate interrupters or dampers in
their design or do not maintain their structural integrity in fire situations are not suitable for use as a smoke exhaust
duct.
FM Approved ducts are used for exhausting noncombustible chemical fumes and corrosive vapors and/or
exhausting smoke in fire situations. There are three basic FM Approved classifications of ducts — Fume Exhaust
only; Fume and/or Smoke Exhaust; and Fume and/or Smoke Exhaust for use in Cleanrooms. FM Approved ducts are
designed for use without the need for automatic sprinkler protection where permitted using applicable FM Global
Property Loss Prevention Data Sheets.
General Restrictions and Limitations — all FM Approved ducts have the following restrictions and
limitations unless shown otherwise in the individual company listing.
1. The product(s) must be manufactured with the identical resin(s), formulation(s) and construction details on file.
2. All products shall meet all physical requirements of the current SMACNA Manuals Industrial Duct Construction
Standards, and/or NBS Voluntary Product Standard PS-15, as appropriate.
3. Ducts may be round or rectangular. The minimum dimension shall be a nominal 12 in. (0.3 m) with a maximum
dimension of a nominal 60 in. (1.5 m).
4. The manufacturer shall determine the suitability of the duct system for specific corrosive environments and should
be consulted for recommended corrosive applications.
5. Vertical sections of duct shall not exceed 15 ft (5 m) or penetrate other fire areas; otherwise, internal sprinklers
shall be required.
6. If the process served by a duct system produces combustible vapors or flammable residue which can build up
inside the duct, or consists of more than 1 ft2 (0.3048 m2) of flammable liquids per inlet, then sprinkler protection will
be required as recommended in FM Global Property Loss Prevention Data Sheet 7-78.
7. The ASTM E 84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics ratings shown are based on tests
using flat sheets. Caution: These numerical flame spread and smoke density values do not define the hazards
presented by this or any other material under actual fire conditions.
Fume and/or Smoke Exhaust Duct Systems for Use in Cleanrooms
These systems are designed for general purpose use in exhausting noncombustible corrosive fumes
without the need for automatic sprinkler protection where permitted by applicable FM Global Property
Loss Prevention Data Sheets, subject to the General Restrictions and Limitations shown above in the
general introduction for ducts.
The ducts do not incorporate physical internal interruption which may impede immediate smoke removal.
Therefore, the ducts may be utilized for smoke removal when properly designed and sized.
In addition to meeting the design criteria stated above, the exterior surfaces of these systems have been
successfully tested in accordance with the FM Approvals Cleanroom Materials Flammability Test Protocol
as described in Test Standard 4910 and meet acceptance criteria for flame propagation and smoke
damage.
Special Restrictions and Limitations:
1. When used in cleanroom applications, the duct systems require the presence of an emergency exhaust
blower located within the system that is capable of providing a minimum air speed in the duct of 600 ft per
minute (3 m/sec).
2. These duct systems also meet all the requirements as Fume Exhaust Ducts and Fume and/or Smoke
Exhaust Duct Systems.
See the General Restrictions and Limitations shown above in the general introduction to duct
systems.
Viron International, 505 Hintz Rd, Owosso MI 48867
SSTeelcoat Duct. Circular stainless steel duct interiorly coated with an electrostatically applied two part Halar ECTFE
thermoplastic resin coating consisting of a prime coat 2 to 3 mil (0.05-0.07 mm) thick and a top coat 7 to 8 mil (0.180.20 mm) thick. The total interior coating thickness shall not exceed an average of 12 mil (0.30 mm).
The ASTM E 84 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics. Tested in flat sheet form at a 20 ga. (0.95
mm) thickness: Flame Spread 10, Smoke Density 35.
Vertical height of individual risers within the duct system are not restricted, however, they shall not penetrate other
fire areas.
Halar ECTFE
®
Ethylene-Chlorotrifluoroethylene
Design and Processing Guide
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction......................................................................................................................................... 3
The company......................................................................................................................................... 3
The Products......................................................................................................................................... 3
Halar® ECTFE ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Chemistry ............................................................................................................................................... 4
Purity...................................................................................................................................................... 4
Typical Applications............................................................................................................................ 5
Product Range .................................................................................................................................... 6
Commercially available grades ............................................................................................................ 6
Packaging and Storage......................................................................................................................... 6
Typical properties ................................................................................................................................. 7
Physical Properties............................................................................................................................ 8
Thermal properties................................................................................................................................ 8
Coefficient of linear thermal expansion................................................................................................. 8
Stress cracking temperature ................................................................................................................ 9
Hardness............................................................................................................................................... 9
Surface properties............................................................................................................................... 10
Angle of contact and surface tension.................................................................................................. 10
Surface smoothness............................................................................................................................ 11
Optical properties – Appearance........................................................................................................ 12
Mechanical properties.................................................................................................................... 14
Short term stresses.............................................................................................................................. 14
Long term static stress........................................................................................................................ 17
Electrical properties...................................................................................................................... 20
General characteristics....................................................................................................................... 20
Volume resistivity................................................................................................................................. 20
Dielectric constant............................................................................................................................... 21
Dissipation factor................................................................................................................................. 21
Halar® grades for Wire & Cable applications....................................................................................... 21
Environmental resistance.............................................................................................................. 22
General chemical resistance properties............................................................................................. 22
Chemical resistance chart................................................................................................................... 23
Permeability ........................................................................................................................................ 24
Weathering resistance......................................................................................................................... 27
Resistance to high energy radiation.................................................................................................... 27
Fire resistance ................................................................................................................................... 28
UL Thermal Index (RTI)....................................................................................................................... 28
Limiting Oxygen Index – LOI............................................................................................................... 29
Safety, Hygiene, Health Effects.................................................................................................... 30
Toxicity of decomposition products..................................................................................................... 30
Approvals............................................................................................................................................ 30
Processing .......................................................................................................................................... 31
Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 31
Materials of c onstruction.................................................................................................................... 31
Extruder type....................................................................................................................................... 31
General considerations ...................................................................................................................... 31
Handling.............................................................................................................................................. 31
Regrind................................................................................................................................................ 31
Safety................................................................................................................................................... 31
Recommendations for extrusion.......................................................................................................... 32
Recommendations for injection moulding........................................................................................... 32
Recommendations for compression moulding.................................................................................... 33
Secondary Processing.................................................................................................................... 34
Welding . ............................................................................................................................................. 34
Machining............................................................................................................................................ 34
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Commercially available grades .............................................................................................................6
Table 2: Typical properties ..................................................................................................................................7
Table 3: Thermal properties..................................................................................................................................8
Table 4: Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion................................................................................................8
Table 5: Stress cracking temperature...................................................................................................................9
Table 6: Critical surface tension wetting.............................................................................................................10
Table 7: Contact angle........................................................................................................................................10
Table 8: Physical properties of Halar® 650.........................................................................................................13
Table 9: Mechanical properties..........................................................................................................................14
Table 10: General electrical properties..............................................................................................................20
Table 11: Overview of the chemical resistance of Halar® ECTFE.......................................................................23
Table 12: Fire resistance.....................................................................................................................................28
Table 13: Ignition resistance according to UL standard 746A...........................................................................28
Table 14: UL Thermal Index (RTI).......................................................................................................................29
Table 15: Limiting Oxygen Index........................................................................................................................29
Table 16: Halar® ECTFE in compliance with NSF Standard 61...........................................................................30
Table 17: Typical extruder design.......................................................................................................................31
Table 18: Typical extruder operating conditions.................................................................................................32
Table 19: Typical injection moulding conditions ................................................................................................33
Table 20: Welding gun temperature...................................................................................................................34
LIST OF FIGURES
Fig. 1: Linear thermal expansion of Halar® resin..................................................................................................9
Fig. 2: Shore D....................................................................................................................................................10
Fig. 3: Average direct cell count/cm².................................................................................................................11
Fig. 4: Highest direct cell count/cm²...................................................................................................................12
Fig. 5: Light transmission vs. wavelength...........................................................................................................12
Fig. 6: Light transmission vs. wavelength...........................................................................................................13
Fig. 7: Light transmission of Halar® 650.............................................................................................................13
Fig. 8: Tensile curve for Halar® ECTFE...............................................................................................................14
Fig. 9: Tensile modulus vs. temperature.............................................................................................................15
Fig. 10: Tensile stress vs. temperature...............................................................................................................15
Fig. 11: Flexural modulus vs. temperature (ASTM D-790)..................................................................................16
Fig. 12: Tensile creep of Halar® ECTFE @ 23°C.................................................................................................17
Fig. 13: Tensile creep of Halar® ECTFE @ 75°C.................................................................................................17
Fig. 14: Tensile creep of Halar® ECTFE @ 125°C...............................................................................................18
Fig. 15: Tensile creep of Halar® ECTFE @ 150°C...............................................................................................18
Fig. 16: Stress relaxation of Halar® ECTFE after 1000 hours..............................................................................19
Fig. 17: Volume resistivity...................................................................................................................................20
Fig. 18: Dielectric constant.................................................................................................................................21
Fig. 19: Dissipation factor...................................................................................................................................21
Fig. 20: Gas permeability in Halar® ECTFE* .....................................................................................................24
Fig. 21: Chlorine permeability of Halar® ECTFE compared with other polymers...............................................24
Fig. 22: Hydrogen sulfide permeability of Halar® ECTFE compared with other polymers.................................25
Fig .23: Water vapor at 23°C..............................................................................................................................25
Fig. 24: Water Vapor at 90°C..............................................................................................................................26
Fig. 25: Permeabilities of HCl and HNO3 molecules in fluoropolymers .
from aqueous solutions.................................................................................................................................26
Fig. 26: Liquid permeabilities of a few common chemicals in Halar® ECTFE, .
compared with PVDF and PFA......................................................................................................................26
Fig. 27: Florida exposure 45° South...................................................................................................................27
Fig. 28: QUV weatherometer..............................................................................................................................27
Introduction
The company
Solvay Solexis results from the acquisition of Ausimont
by the Solvay Group in 2002. The merger of both
Ausimont and Solvay activities in fluorinated materials
into the new company Solvay Solexis created a
new leader on the market, totally dedicated to the
development of fluoromaterials and their applications.
Solvay Solexis is part of the Strategic Business
Unit Specialty Polymers of the Solvay Group, and
contributes to the group strategy by being a leader in
specialty materials.
Solvay Solexis is an international group focused
on socially sustainable and constantly growing
businesses, based on the fluorine chemistry and
benefits from a unique integrated value chain, from
the Fluorspar to the ultimate fluorinated materials.
It is operating worldwide through five companies
in Italy, France, Japan, Brazil and the USA. Solvay
Solexis is headquartered in Bollate (Milano, Italy),
which is also its main R&D facility. Local R&D support
is also provided from Thorofare NJ for the NAFTA area.
The Products
Solvay Solexis is organized in four Business units:
Fluids
these sophisticated perfluoropolyethers
commercialized under the brands Fomblin®,
Fluorolink®, Solvera® and Galden® are used as high
performance lubricants and heat transfer agents
offering unmatched chemical resistance and excellent
thermal stability.
Fluoroelastomers
Tecnoflon® covers a wide range of elastomers
offering excellent chemical and thermal resistance to
atmospheric agents, especially to oxygen and ozone,
which are notably used in automotive, aerospace,
chemical, mining, oil and semi-conductors industries
PTFE and coatings
Algoflon® PTFE and Polymist® PTFE exhibit
outstanding physical, electric and non-stick
characteristics, and particularly excellent resistance
in aggressive environment, in a wide range of
temperatures. They are notably used for producing
gaskets, seals, pipes, fittings, to impregnate fabrics,
as additives for plastics compounds, elastomers and
inks.
Halar® ECTFE in powder forms allows the production
of particularly smooth and weather-resistant coatings,
combined with extremely good chemical and flame
resistance.
Melt processable fluoropolymers
Solvay Solexis offers a wide range of fluoropolymers
easily processed by injection, extrusion, and all
conventional processing techniques:
Solef® and Hylar® PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride)
Halar® ECTFE (copolymer of ethylene and
chlorotrifluoethylene)
Hyflon® PFA (copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and
perfuoroalkoxyvinylethers).
Halar® ECTFE
At a glance, the key properties of Halar® ECTFE are
• excellent chemical resistance to acids and strong
bases, up to pH 14,
• excellent barrier properties to oxygen, carbon
dioxide, chlorine gas, hydrochloric acid,
• very good electrical properties,
• excellent abrasion resistance,
• broad use temperature range from cryogenic to
+150°C (depending on the grade and stresses
applied),
• good weathering resistance,
• excellent intrinsic fire resistance,.
UL class 94 V-0 at 0.18mm.
LOI >52 %.
Low flame spread, low smoke generation
• exceptional surface smoothness,
• very good impact strength,
• good mechanical properties.
Properties and processing techniques of Halar®
ECTFE are detailed in this brochure.
Hylar® 5000 PVDF serves as the base resin for
durable architectural coating.
Hyflon® PFA powders are used for very high
temperature, harsh environment resistant coatings, in
electronic, semi-conductors and processing fields.
Chemistry
Halar® ECTFE is a semi-crystalline and meltprocessable fluoropolymer from Solvay Solexis
manufactured at its ISO-certified plant in Orange,
Texas.
Because of its chemical structure -a 1:1 alternating
copolymer of ethylene and chlorotrifluoroethyleneHalar® ECTFE offers a unique combination of
properties.
One of the principal advantages of Halar®
fluoropolymer is the ease with which it can be
processed. Halar® fluorocarbon resin is a true
thermoplastic that can be handled by conventional
techniques of extrusion as well as by blow,
compression, injection, roto and transfer molding.
Powder coating methods are also applicable. Halar®
resin is available in various melt viscosities to suit
virtually every processing technique.
Chemical structure of Halar® ECTFE
Purity
Static soak testing in ultra-pure water and high purity
chemicals show extremely low levels of metallic
and organic extractables. Additional dynamic rinse
data validates Halar® ECTFE as suitable for high
purity systems in the semiconductor, biotech, and
pharmaceutical industries. Halar® exhibits very low
fluoride ion leachout.
Halar® ECTFE is used as a lining and coating for ultrapure water systems in the semiconductor industry.
FM Global 4922 complete exhaust duct systems use
Halar® ECTFE coated stainless steel.
Typical Applications
Chemical
Halar® ECTFE is used extensively in CPI due to
excellent chemical resistance properties, even at
elevated temperatures, and mechanical properties.
Halar® ECTFE is used in pulp and paper applications
due to its resistance to harsh acids, bases and
halogens. Specific applications include: containers,
diaphragms, protective linings/coatings for tanks,
pumps, valves, pipes, scrubbing towers, reactors,
thermocouple wells, centrifuge components, heat
exchangers, unsupported pipe and tubing, tower
packing, valve seats, filters, dust collectors, mist
eliminators, closures, filter fabric, fittings, process
system components.
Coatings
Halar® ECTFE electrostatic powder coatings possess
excellent chemical resistance and good processability
making it well-suited for the following: agitators;
centrifuges; containers; hoods; membranes; filters;
pumps; vessels; reactors; piping systems; caustic
collectors; semiconductor chemical storage tanks;
electroplating equipment. Contact Solvay Solexis for
a copy of the Halar® ECTFE Powder Coating manual
and/or the Halar® ECTFE Ductwork brochure for more
detailed information.
Cryogenic and Aerospace
The excellent low temperature properties of Halar®
ECTFE and wide temperature use range make it well
suited for Cryogenic and Aerospace applications.
Specific examples include: wire and cable insulation
and jacketing; pump liners; seals; gaskets; valve
seats; fittings; gaskets for liquid oxygen and other
propellants; components for manned space vehicles
and aircraft cabins, space suits; convoluted tubing
and hose for conduit; expandable abrasion-resistant
braid.
Halar High Purity Piping
(Courtesy of Asahi
America, Malden, MA)
Halar Powder Coated Tank
Head
(Courtesy of Sermatech,
Limerick)
Electrical
The low dielectric constant and low loss factor for
Halar® ECTFE makes it well suited for electrical
applications. Specific examples include: wire and
cable insulation and jacketing; foamed insulation
in coaxial cable constructions; hook-up and other
computer wire insulation; oil-well wire and cable
insulation; jacketing for logging wire and cathodic
protection; aircraft, mass transit, automotive wire;
battery cases; fuel cell membranes; flexible printed
circuitry and flat cable.
Filtration
Halar® Melt Blown Fiber is a fluoropolymer nonwoven web that offers improve d chemical resistance
(all acids and bases) and temperature resistance
properties (up to 150ºC / 300ºF) versus polypropylene,
nylon and polyester melt blown webs. Halar® melt
blown webs also exhibit excellent radiation resistance
and will not support combustion.
Food and Pharmaceutical
Halar® stabilized DA grades comply with the FDA’s
Register of Food Additive Regulations, Use B
described at 21 C.F.R. 176.170(c), Table 2. Halar®
unstabilized grades are suitable for repeated use
applications at temperatures up to 100ºC (212ºF)
in contact with non-fatty foods, under FDA 21 CFR 177.1380. Halar® is particularly suited for use with
acidic food, fruit and juice processing.
Note: These are typical applications of Halar®
ECTFE as at the date of publication. Solvay Solexis
fluoropolymer products are gaining increasing
acceptance in many industries. For further information
on your specific application, please contact Solvay
Solexis.
Mixed Polishing Bed
Powder Coated
(Courtesy of GDS
Manufacturing (Komstuff)
Wilkinston, Vermont)
Ozone-Resistant Filter
Cartridge made with
pleated media of Halar Melt
Blown Fiber.
(Courtesy of U.S. Filter,
Timonium, MD)
Various moulded parts
used in high purity
processing.
Product Range Halar® resins are available in a range of viscosities for extrusion and molding applications. Halar® powders are
available in different particle sizes optimized for specific coating processes.
Commercially available grades
Table 1: Commercially available grades
Grade
Viscosity
Typical Melt Index
@ 275°C and 2.16kg
Typical Use
Product form
Extrusion of sheet, pipe, and rod.
pellets
Standard Copolymer Series
901
High
0.8 – 1.3
Compression molding.
300
Med.
1.5 - 3
Film and rod extrusion.
pellets
350
Med.
3-6
Tube extrusion and injection molding
pellets
of large parts.
930
Med.
3-6
Cable jacketing.
pellets
500
Low
15 - 22
Primary wire insulation and standard
pellets
injection molding.
513
Low
18 - 20
Monofilament extrusion.
pellets
1450
very low
40 - 60
Injection molding of extremely small parts
pellets
Improved stress crack resistant grade
pellets
Improved Thermal Stress Crack Resistant Series
902
high
0.8 – 1.3*
for extrusion of sheet and rod.
Compression molding
Specialty Wire & Cable Series
558
Low
18 - 20
Foamable grade for wire coating.
pellets
Terpolymer Series
600
Med.
10 – 15
Thick rod extrusion
pellets
650
Med.
5–9
Transparent grade for specialty
pellets
applications
Powder Coating Series
6014
Low
12
Electrostatic powder coating. Top coat.
powder
6514
Low
12
Electrostatic powder coating. Primer.
powder
6614
Low
12
Electrostatic powder coating. Primer.
powder
8014
Low
12
Electrostatic powder coating. Top coat,
powder
improvements in high-temperature
stress cracking over 6014
* melt index @ 275°C and 5kg
Specialty Formulations
All standard Halar® extrusion and molding grades
are formulated to minimize Halar® fluoropolymer’s
corrosivity to materials of construction and are
denoted “LC” or “DA”.
• Halar® “LC” grades offer the best corrosion
resistance to process machinery,
• Halar® “DA” grades are available and meet the
FDA’s condition of Use B, as described under 21 C.F.R. 176-170(c).
Contact Solvay Solexis for further information.
Packaging and Storage
Halar® resins are available in the following packaging:
• 55 lb (25 kg) drums,
• 175 lb (79,4 kg) drums,
• 500 kg big boxes,
• 2000 lb (907,4 kg) octabins.
Though they have an indefinite shelf life, it is
recommended to store them in a clean area, protected
from direct sunlight and possible contamination.
Typical properties
Table 2: Typical properties
Test Method
Unit
Standard
Copolymers
Terpolymer (Halar®
600)
Halar® 902
Density @ 23°C (73°F)
ASTM D792
g/cm³ (lb/ft³)
1.68 (105)
1.68 (105)
1.71 (107)
Water absorption
ASTM D570
%
<0.1
<0.1
<0.1
Property
PHYSICAL
MECHANICAL (23°C)
MPa (psi)
30-32 (4300-4600)
30-32 (4300-4600)
30-32 (4300-4600)
Tensile stress at break
Tensile stress at yield
ASTM D638
MPa (psi)
40-57 (5800-8300)
45-50 (6500-7300)
45-50 (6500-7300)
Elongation at yield
%
3-5
5
3-5
Elongation at break
%
250-300
325
250 - 300
Tensile Modulus
MPa (psi)
1400-2100 (203000304000)
1500-1800 (218000261000)
1400-2100 (203000304000)
Flexural strength
ASTM D790
Flexural modulus
MPa (psi)
45-55 (6500-8000)
45-50 (6500-7300)
45-55 (6500-8000)
MPa (psi)
1600-1800 (232000261000)
1600-1800 (232000261000)
1600-1800 (232000261000)
IZOD impact, notched .
@ 23°C (73°F)
ASTM D256
J/m
no break
no break
no break
IZOD impact, notched .
@ -40°C (-40°F)
ASTM D256
J/m
50-110
207
65
Hardness, Shore D ASTM D2240
-
70-75
70-75
70-75
Hardness, Rockwell R ASTM D785
-
90
80
90
Abrasion resistance
TABER
mg/1000 rev
5
5
5
Friction coefficient: static
dynamic
ASTM D1894
-
0.1-0.2
0.2
0.1-0.2
-
0.1-0.2
0.2
0.1-0.2
220-230 (428-446)
THERMAL (DSC)
ASTM D3418
Melting point
°C (°F)
240-245 (464-473)
220-227 (428-440)
Heat of fusion
J/g
42
28
28
Cristallizing point
°C (°F)
222 (432)
205 (400)
205 (400)
J/g
40
28
28
Cristallization heat
Deflection temperature
ASTM D648
load 0.46 MPa (66 psi)
°C (°F)
90 (195)
80 (175)
90 (195)
load 1.82 MPa (264 psi)
°C (°F)
70 (160)
65 (150)
70 (160)
Glass Transition (Tg)
DMTA
°C (°F)
85 (185)
80 (175)
85 (185)
Brittleness temperature
ASTM D746A
°C (°F)
<-76 (<-105)
<-76 (<-105)
<-76 (<-105)
%
2.5
2.5
2.5
Thermal stability
TGA begin - at 1%
weight loss in air
°C (°F)
405 (760)
405 (760)
405 (760)
Linear thermal expansion coefficient
ASTM D696
10-6 /K (10-6 /°F)
90 (50)
100 (56)
90 (50)
Thermal conductivity .
@ 40°C (104°F)
ASTM C177
W/m.K
0.15
0.15
0.15
Specific heat
23°C
J/g.K
0.95
0.95
0.95
ASTM D257
ohm.cm
> 1016
> 1016
> 1016
ohm.in
> 1016
> 1016
> 1016
kV/mm
15
14
15
V/mil
385
350
385
DIN 53483
2.6
2.6
2.6
UL-94 Flammability test
UL-94
Class
V-0
V-0
V-0
Limiting Oxygen Index
ASTM D 2863
%
52
52
52
Molding shrinkage
ELECTRICAL
Volume resistivity .
@ 23°C, 50% RH
Dielectric strength .
@ 23°C, 3.2 mm thick
Dielectric constant, 23°C .
@ 106 Hz
ASTM D149
FIRE RESISTANCE
Note: All data for compression moulded samples unless otherwise specified.
Physical Properties
Thermal properties
Halar ECTFE copolymers offer a wide useful surface
temperature range from -80°C to +150°C in non loadbearing applications.
®
The maximum service temperature can be affected
by the presence of system stresses and chemical
environment. Stress cracking for standard grades may
appear in the 125-150°C range, especially for highMI grades. Halar® 902 was recently developed as an
improved stress-crack resistant grade.
Halar® ECTFE shows excellent resistance to
degradation by heat, high-energy radiation and
weathering. It has low smoke properties and is nonflame propagating.
Table 3: Thermal properties
Property
Test Method
Unit
Melting point
ASTM D3417
°C (°F)
240-245 (464-473)
Heat of fusion
J/g
42
Cristallizing point
°C (°F)
222 (432)
Cristallization heat
J/g
40
ASTM DSC
Standard Copolymers
J/g.K
0.95
@ 100°C
J/g.K
1.26
@ 200°C
J/g.K
1.55
@ 300°C
J/g.K
1.64
Specific heat (@ 23°C)
Glass Transition (Tg)
DMTA
°C (°F)
85 (185)
Thermal stability
TGA begin - at 1% weight
loss in air
°C (°F)
405 (760)
Deflection temperature
ASTM D648
load 0.46 MPa (66 psi)
°C (°F)
90 (195)
load 1.82 MPa (264 psi)
°C (°F)
70 (160)
Maximum service Temp.
°C (°F)
150 (302)
Brittleness temperature
ASTM D746A
°C (°F)
<-76 (<-105)
Thermal conductivity @ 40°C (104°F)
ASTM C177
W/m.K
0.151
@ 95°C (203°F)
0.153
@ 150°C (302°F)
0.157
Flammability
UL 94
Rating
V-0
Limiting Oxygen Index
ASTM D2863
%
52
Coefficient of linear thermal
expansion
The following table and figure 1 shows the linear
thermal expansion coefficient for Halar® ECTFE.
Table 4: Coefficient of linear thermal expansion
Temperature range
in/in-°F
cm/cm-°C
-30 to +50°C (-22 to 122°F)
4.4 x 10-5
8 x 10-5
50 to 85°C (122 to 185°F)
5.6 x 10-5
10 x 10-5
85 to 125°C (185 to 257°F)
7.5 x 10-5
13.5 x 10-5
125 to 180°C (257 to 356°F)
9.2 x 10-5
16.5 x 10-5
Fig. 1: Linear thermal expansion of Halar® resin
ININORCMCM
4EMPERATUREIN #
Stress cracking temperature
Parts made from Halar® ECTFE resin have a limited
resistance to crack formation under stress at elevated
temperatures. This phenomenon can be observed
by utilizing Fed. Spec. L-P-390C Class H, a test
procedure originally designed for polyethylene. In
this test, 1/4 in –wide strips of .05 in. thick sheet
are wrapped around a ¼ in. diameter mandrel and
exposed to various temperatures in forced-draft
ovens. The calculated strain (elongation) of the strip
wrapped on the 1/4 in. diameter mandrel is about 16
percent. The temperature at which Halar® resin will
stress crack appears to be predominantly a function
of molecular weight and molecular-weight distribution.
Based on these results from the above test, the
following grades of Halar® resin have the indicated
stress-cracking temperatures.
Halar® 902 was recently developed as an improved
stress-crack resistant grade. It is particularly
recommended for the extrusion and/or compression
molding of thick shapes, for sheet thermoforming,
load-bearing applications at high temperatures,
higher thermal rating of cables, and rotomolding.
Hardness
Hardness is the material’s resistance to indentation
(penetration by a hard object). It is normally measured
with a Shore durometer, which measures the depth
of indentation achieved with a standard “indenter”
for a given time under a given load, according to the
ASTM D2240 testing method. Different Shore scales
are defined depending on the material’s hardness: for
hard polymers like Halar® ECTFE the Shore D scale is
normally used.
Table 5: Stress cracking temperature
Halar® Grade
Melt Index
Stress –cracking
Temperature
300
2 g/10 min
150°C (302°F)
500
18 g/10 min
140°C (284°F)
Shore D hardness values for the most common
fluoropolymers are reported in the following diagram.
Fig. 2: Shore D
06$&
& ¤%#4&%
(ALAR
%4&%
0&!
!34-$
Surface properties
Halar® ECTFE resins have a critical surface tension of
wetting comparable to that of the polymers of ethylene
and chlorotrifluoroethylene, the two constituents that
make up the Halar® copolymer. Halar® ECTFE is not
wetted by water but oils and hydrocarbons readily
spread on its surface. The wettability of Halar® can
be markedly improved by etching with sodium-based
etchants normally employed for PTFE.
Angle of contact and surface tension
Table 6: Critical surface tension wetting
Substrate
US unit
Halar® ECTFE
32 dynes/cm
SI Unit
0.032N/m
PCTFE
31 dynes/cm
0.031N/m
Polyethylene
31 dynes/cm
0.031N/m
PVDF
25 dynes/cm
0.025N/m
FEP
16 dynes/cm
0.016N/m
Table 7: Contact angle
10
Surface
Water
Hexadecane
Halar® ECTFE
99°C
<5°
PCTFE
109°C
36°C
PVDF
105°C
41°C
HDPE
98°C
<5°
Surface smoothness
particle trapping. The formation of biorganic films and
bacterial colonies is significantly reduced.
Halar ECTFE is distinguished from all other
fluoropolymers by its exceptional surface smoothness
which precludes the shedding of particles and avoids
®
PVDF
A comparison of pipe internal surfaces by Atomic
Force Microscopy (20x20 μm) is shown in the
following pictures.
PFA
Halar® ECTFE
Halar® pipes exhibit a low incidence of microbial bio-fouling, making it ideal for use in UPW (ultra pure water)
applications.
Fig. 3: Average direct cell count/cm²
!VERAGEDIRECTCELLCOUNTCM£FLOWVELOCITYATFTS
THOUSANDS
-),,33
%0,33
06$&
06$&
%#4&%
%#4&%
%#4&%
11
Fig. 4: Highest direct cell count/cm²
(IGHESTDIRECTCELLCOUNTCM£FLOWVELOCITYATFTS
THOUSANDS
-),,33 %0,33
06$&
06$&
%#4&%
%#4&%
%#4&%
Optical properties – Appearance
Halar® ECTFE has excellent optical properties with low haze, as well as excellent light transmission throughout a
wide range of wavelengths. The index of refraction of Halar 500 at 21ºC for 589 nm light is 1.4476.
Fig. 5: Light transmission vs. wavelength
(ALARCASTMILFILM
TRANSMISSION
7AVELENGTHNM
12
Fig. 6: Light transmission vs. wavelength
(ALARCASTMILFILM
TRANSMISSION
7AVELENGTHNM
Halar® 650 is a clear grade that was designed for use in semiconductor work-bench environments (windows,
sight glass). Its chemical composition was modified to reduce crystallinity, enhancing transparency.
Table 8: Physical properties of Halar® 650
Physical Properties
Method
Units
Typical values
Melting point
ASTM D 3418
°C
(°F)
190-200
(374-392)
Glass Transition Temperature
DMS °C (°F)
75°
(167)
Max. Use Temperature
dimensional stability of extruded
sheets
°C (°F)
60
(140)
Density
ASTM D 792
1.72
Melt flow index
ASTM D 1238
5 - 10
Tensile strength at yield
ASTM D 1708
MPa (psi)
30 (4300)
Tensile strength at break
ASTM D 1708
MPa (psi)
41 (5850)
Elongation at yield
ASTM D 1708
%
4
Elongation at break
ASTM D 1708
%
300
Fig. 7: Light transmission of Halar® 650
(ALARMILANDMIL
4RANSMITTANCE
7AVELENGTHNM
13
Mechanical properties
Halar® ECTFE is a strong, hard, tough, abrasion
resistant, highly impact-resistant material that
retains its useful properties over a broad range
of temperatures. Its low-temperature properties,
especially those related to impact, are particularly
outstanding. Halar® ECTFE also has good tensile,
flexural and wear resistant properties. Mechanical
property information is provided in the table and
figures below.
Table 9: Mechanical properties
Property
Test Method
Unit
Standard Copolymers
Terpolymer
(Halar® 600)
Halar® 902
Tensile stress at yield
ASTM D638
30-32 (4300-4600)
MPa (psi)
30-32 (4300-4600)
30-32 (4300-4600)
Tensile stress at break
MPa (psi)
40-57 (5800-8300)
45-50 (6500-7300)
45-50 (6500-7300)
Elongation at yield
%
3-5
5
3-5
Elongation at break
%
250-300
325
250 - 300
MPa (psi)
1400-2100 (203000304000)
1500-1800 (218000261000)
1400-2100 (203000304000)
MPa (psi)
45-55 (6500-8000)
45-50 (6500-7300)
45-55 (6500-8000)
MPa (psi)
1600-1800 (232000261000)
1600-1800 (232000261000)
1600-1800 (232000261000)
Tensile Modulus
Flexural strength
ASTM D790
Flexural modulus
IZOD impact, notched .
@ 23°C (73°F)
ASTM D256
J/m
no break
no break
no break
IZOD impact, notched .
@ -40°C (-40°F)
ASTM D256
J/m
50-110
207
65
Hardness, Shore D ASTM D2240
-
70-75
70-75
70-75
Hardness, Rockwell R ASTM D785
-
90
80
90
Abrasion resistance
TABER
mg/1000 rev
5
5
5
Friction coefficient: static
ASTM D1894
-
0.1-0.2
0.2
0.1-0.2
dynamic
-
0.1-0.2
0.2
0.1-0.2
Short term stresses
Tensile Properties
Tensile properties are determined by clamping a
test specimen into the jaws of a testing machine and
separating the jaws at a specified rate in accordance
with ASTM D638. The force required to separate the
jaws divided by the minimum cross-sectional area is
defined as the tensile stress. The test specimen will
elongate as a result of the stress, and the amount of
elongation divided by the original length is the strain.
If the applied stress is plotted against the resulting
strain, a curve similar to that shown for instance in
Figure 8 is obtained for ductile polymers like ECTFE.
Fig. 8: Tensile curve for Halar® ECTFE
"REAK
3TRESS-0A
9IELD
3LOPETENSILEMODULUS
3TRAIN 14
Fig. 9: Tensile modulus vs. temperature
4ENSILEMODULUS;-0A=
4EMPERATURE; #=
Fig. 10: Tensile stress vs. temperature
3TRESSATYIELD
4ENSILESTRESS;-0A=4
3TRESSATBREAK
4EMPERATURE; #=
15
Flexural Properties
Flexural properties were determined in accordance
with ASTM D790 using the three-point loading
method. In this method the test specimen is
supported on two points, while the load is applied to
the center. The specimen is deflected until rupture
occurs or the fiber strain reaches five percent.
Flexural testing provides information about a
material’s behavior in bending. In this test, the bar is
simultaneously subjected to tension and compression.
Note: all data for compression moulded samples
unless otherwise specified.
Fig. 11: Flexural modulus vs. temperature (ASTM D-790)
&LEXURALMODULUSPSI
4EMPERATUREIN #
16
Long term static stress
Creep and Stress Relaxation
When a bar made of a polymeric material is
continuously exposed to a constant stress, its
dimensions will change in response to the stress.
This phenomenon is commonly called “creep”. In
the simplest case, the tensile mode, the test bar will
elongate as a function of time under stress. The term
“strain” is used for the amount of length increase or
elongation divided by the initial length.
Creep can also be observed and measured in a
bending or flexural mode, or in a compressive mode.
The creep information presented in this manual was
developed using the tensile mode.
Tensile creep of Halar® ECTFE at various temperatures and under different stresses:
Fig. 12: Tensile creep of Halar® ECTFE @ 23°C
-0A
-0A
-0A
3TRAIN
4IMEHOURS
Fig. 13: Tensile creep of Halar® ECTFE @ 75°C
-0A
-0A
-0A
3TRAIN
4IMEHOURS
17
Fig. 14: Tensile creep of Halar® ECTFE @ 125°C
-0A
-0A
3TRAIN
-0A
-0A
4IMEHOURS
Fig. 15: Tensile creep of Halar® ECTFE @ 150°C
3TRAIN
10
4IMEHOURS
18
On the other hand if a specimen is deformed and kept
for a long time at constant strain, the stress that must
be applied to keep deformation constant decreases
with time. This effect is known as “stress relaxation”
and basically depends on the same physical
phenomena as creep.
Stress relaxation after 1000 hours in Halar® ECTFE specimens deformed by 2% as function
of temperature:
Fig. 16: Stress relaxation of Halar® ECTFE after 1000 hours
3TRESSRELAXATIONHOURSTOTALSTRAIN
3TRESSPSI
4EMPERATUREIN #
19
Electrical properties
General characteristics
Volume resistivity
Halar® ECTFE standard and modified copolymers
exhibit high bulk and surface resistivities, high
dielectric strength, low dielectric constant, and
moderate dissipation factor. The dissipation factor
varies slightly with the frequency for frequencies
above 1 kHz. Overall, the A.C. losses of Halar® ECTFE
are much lower than the A.C. losses of PVDF. The
dielectric constant of Halar® is stable across broad
temperature and frequency ranges. Halar® ECTFE
can be used as jacketing of plenum rated cables in
more demanding applications. Its excellent electrical
properties simplify the design of high-performance
cables. The very low moisture absorption properties
of Halar® ECTFE and the temperature insensitivity
ensure that cables utilizing Halar® jackets maintain
their electrical performance under a wide variety of
environmental conditions. PVC jacketed cables have
been shown to deteriorate significantly in electrical
performance due to moisture absorption during
aging. Halar® ECTFE low temperature properties allow
installation in any season without risk of cracking or
splitting.
Volume resistivity is defined as the electrical
resistance offered by a material to the flow of current,
times the cross sectional area of current flow per unit
length of current path. The test is run by subjecting
the material to 500 volts for 1 minute and measuring
the current. The higher the volume resistivity, the more
effective a material will be in electrically isolating
components.
Property
ASTM
Halar® ECTFE
Volume resistivity (Ωxcm)
D 257
>1015
Surface resistivity (Ω)
D 257
>1014
Dielectric strength at 1mm
thickness (kV/mm)
D 149
30-35
Relative dielectric constant
D 150
at 1 kHz
2.5
at 1 MHz
2.6
Dissipation Factor
at 1 kHz
0.0016
at 1 MHz
0.015
Many applications for thermoplastic resins depend
upon their ability to function as electrical insulators.
Several tests have been developed to provide the
designer with physical parameters that help to predict
how well a particular resin can perform that function.
20
6OLUMERESISTIVITY;/HMXCM=
Table 10: General electrical properties
Fig. 17: Volume resistivity
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
%
4EMPERATURE #
Dielectric constant
Dissipation factor
Dielectric constant is defined as the ratio of the
capacitance of a condenser using the test material
as the dielectric to the capacitance of the same
condenser having only vacuum as the dielectric.
Insulating materials are used in two very distinct
ways: (1) to support and insulate components from
each other and ground, and (2) to function as a
capacitor dielectric. In the first case, it is desirable to
have a low dielectric constant. In the second case,
a high dielectric constant allows the capacitor to be
physically smaller.
Dissipation factor (also referred to as loss tangent or
tg delta) is a measure of the amount of heat (energy)
dissipated by a material under alternating voltage.
Low dissipation factors are desirable in most cable
applications, especially with communications LAN copper wires.
Fig. 19: Dissipation factor
Fig. 18: Dielectric constant
$ISSIPATIONFACTOR
%
$IELECTRICCONSTANT
%
%
%
4EMPERATURE #
4EMPERATURE #
Halar® grades for Wire & Cable
applications
Halar® ECTFE offers excellent abrasion resistance
and mechanical properties over a broad range of
temperatures and chemical resistance to a wide
variety of acids, bases, and organic solvents. It is
rated for continuous use from cryogenic temperatures
up to 150°C and higher. It offers good electrical
properties and fire and smoke performance. It
is an ideal choice for various telecommunication
applications, signal cables, coaxial, and jacketing
requiring excellent weatherability and/or chemical
resistance.
The improved copolymer structure of Halar® 902
imparts much improved thermal stress cracking
resistance and an increased thermal rating
temperature. This is a low melt index grade for heavy
wall applications. For jacketing applications requiring
a medium melt flow index, Halar® 930LC and Halar®
350LC are ideal candidates. Halar® 500LC is a high
melt index grade for thin wall applications at high line
speeds. For even thinner walls, Halar® 1450LC is a
very high melt index grade for specialty applications.
Halar® 558 is a completely pre-compounded
chemically foamed grade which provides similar
performance to FEP with a dielectric constant up to 25
% lower depending on the wall thickness. Where cost
reduction and/or lighter weight cable may be desired,
Halar® ECTFE foam is a sound choice. Cables made
from Halar® 558 have met the fire performance
requirements in NFPA 90a and tested according to
NFPA 262.
21
Environmental resistance
General chemical resistance
properties
• Concentration of the attacking chemical which
may be a complex completely different than the
individual components,
Halar® ECTFE demonstrates excellent overall chemical
resistance. In general only few species are known
to chemically attack Halar® and a limited number of
chemicals can significantly swell the polymer leading
to a worsening of the performance of the material.
• Exotherm or heat of reaction or mixing pressure,
due primarily to the effect of pressure on
concentration of a reactive gas,
Halar® fluoropolymer is especially resistant to:
• strong and weak inorganic acids and bases,
• weak organic acids and bases,
• salts,
• aliphatic hydrocarbons,
• alcohols,
• strong oxidants,
• halogens.
However, Halar® ECTFE can be swelled, in particular
at high temperatures, by some:
• esters,
• aromatic hydrocarbons,
• ethers,
• ketones,
• amides,
• partially halogenated solvents.
Halar® ECTFE can be attacked by amines, molten
alkali metals, gaseous fluorine, and certain
halogenated compounds such as CIF3.
Chemical attack and swelling are very complex
phenomena. The known factors affecting chemical
suitability of Halar® ECTFE or any other plastic for a
chemical application, not listed in order of priority, are
as follows:
• Specific chemical or mixture composition,
• Temperature and temperature variation,
22
• Time of exposure,
• Stress levels,
• Velocity,
• Suspended solids,
• Thickness,
• EMF potential of the supporting metal compared to
the ground potential.
The recommended procedure to determine suitability
of Halar® ECTFE is as follows:
• Determine as accurately as possible the chemicals
in the stream in question,
• Determine the maximum temperature and the
normal operating temperature,
• Review the maximum recommended temperature
from the list provided.
The maximum recommended temperatures listed
below typically refer to the exposure of non-stressed
parts; if relevant stresses are present, a more severe
effect on the material should be taken into account.
Moreover, the effect of synergism or reaction or
complex formation with mixtures cannot be predicted
by the table. In any case, appropriate chemical
resistance tests using a representative sample of the
stream should be performed.
Chemical resistance chart
The table below presents an overview of the chemical
resistance of Halar® ECTFE to the most common
chemicals.
Please note that the present document provides the
reader a substantial overview. Nevertheless, in case
of any doubt one should contact Solvay for further
information.
Table 11: Overview of the chemical resistance of Halar® ECTFE
Chemical
Formula
Concentration
Max. Temp. [°C]
Acids
Hydrochloric
HCl
37 %
150
Hydrofluoric
HF
50 %
150
Nitric
HNO3
65 %
66
Phosphoric
H3PO4
85 %
150
Sulphuric
H2SO4
98 %
125
oleum
23
150
Bases
Ammonium hydroxide
NH4(OH)
30 %
Potassium hydroxide
KOH
30 %
121
Sodium hydroxide
NaOH
50 %
121
Sodium hypochlorite
NaClO
5% - stabilized at pH 12
150
n-Hexane
CH3(CH2)4CH3
100 %
150
Toluene
C6H5CH3
100 %
66
Methanol
CH3OH
100 %
65
Ethanol
CH3CH2OH
100 %
140
100 %
> 100
Hydrocarbons
Alcohols and ethers
Organic acids, esters and ketones
Acetic acid
CH3COOH
Acetone
50 %
> 121
CH3COCH3
100 %
66
Acetophenone
C6H5COCH3
100 %
50
Ethyl Acetate
CH3COOCH2CH3
100 %
50
Dimethyl formamide
CH3CON(CH3)2
100 %
50
Dimethyl sulphoxide
CH3SOCH3
100 %
> 100
100 %
25
Classic polymer solvents
N-Methylpyrrolidone
Halogenated solvents
Chlorobenzene
C6H5Cl
100 %
66
Chloroform
CHCl3
100 %
not resistant
Amines and nitriles
Acetonitrile
CH3CN
100 %
> 100
Aniline
C6H5NH2
100 %
100
Dimethyl amine
(CH3)2NH
100 %
25
H2O2
30 %
> 88
Crude oil
100 %
150
Dexron II (gear oil)
100 %
150
Gasoline
100 %
150
Diesel Fuels
100 %
150
Mineral oil
100 %
150
Peroxides
Hydrogen peroxide
Fluids used in the automotive industry
23
Permeability
Figure 20 shows the permeability coefficients of
hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and ammonia in Halar®
ECTFE as a function of temperature. For simple
gases – which do not form specific interactions with
the polymer chains – permeability increases with
decreasing molecular dimensions. Permeability of the
polar molecule NH3, on the other hand, is higher than
expected simply basing on its size.
In general Halar ECTFE offers an excellent
permeation resistance to many chemicals.
®
Barrier properties strongly depend on the nature
(polarity, size…) of the chemicals present in the
environment and an overview on the permeation
properties of the material can be given according to
the features of the penetrating species.
Figure 21 and 22 show the permeability coefficients
of chlorine and hydrogen sulfide in Halar® ECTFE
compared with those of other fluorinated and
hydrogenated materials.
Gases
Halar® ECTFE has excellent permeation resistance to
simple gases.
Fig. 20: Gas permeability in Halar® ECTFE* .( (
0;CM¨qMMM£qATMqD=
/
.
4 #
* Data from L.K.Massey, Permeability Properties of Plastics and Elastomers, PDL (2003)
Fig. 21: Chlorine permeability of Halar® ECTFE compared with other polymers
($0%
0;CM¨qMMM£qATMqD=
0&!
%4&%
%#4&%
4 #
24
Fig. 22: Hydrogen sulfide permeability of Halar® ECTFE compared with other polymers
0;CM¨qMMM£qATMqD=
($0%
%#4&%
%4&%
06$&
4; #=
Water vapor permeability in Halar® ECTFE is about
750 cm3·mm/m²·atm·d at 23°C and 7600 cm3·mm/
m²·atm·d at 90°C. It is worthwhile noting that in the
same temperature range, the permeability coefficient
in PVDF rises from values similar to Halar at room
temperature to 37000 cm3·mm/m²·atm·d, about five
times higher than Halar®, at 90°C.
Figure 23: Water vapor permeability comparison of
different polymers at 23°C
Fig .23: Water vapor at 23°C
,$0%
0;CM¨qMMM£qATMqD=
Water
Water is a small, polar molecule that can interact
with polymer chains forming hydrogen bonds.
Permeation resistance of Halar® ECTFE to water vapor
is better than other fluoropolymers, as PVDF, and its
permeability coefficients are close to perfluorinated
polymers.
($0%
06#
06$&
%#4&%
0&!
0#4&%
7ATER6APORAT #
0!
Figure 24: Water vapor permeability comparison of
different polymers at 90°C [from C.M.Hansen, Progr.
Org. Coat., 42, 167-178 (2001)]
25
Fig. 24: Water Vapor at 90°C
06$&
0;CM¨qMMM£qATMqD=
%#4&%
0&!
Aqueous electrolytes
n+ mThe permeation of electrolytes A x B y in Halar ECTFE
– as in hydrophobic fluoropolymers – involves the
passage of the neutral specie A xB y and not of the ions
An+ and Bm-. (see Figure 25)
In general the permeability coefficients of electrolytes
are low even from conce ntrated solutions and they
are related to the volatility of the electrolyte: only
volatile species have a non negligible permeation
rate, while the permeation of non volatile electrolytes
can not be detected even after years.
However, when considering the permeation of
aqueous solution, also the permeation of water
discussed above should be considered.
7ATER6APORAT #
Fig. 25: Permeabilities of HCl and HNO3 molecules in fluoropolymers from aqueous solutions
06$&
%
0;GqMMM£qD=
%#4&%
0&!
%
%
%
(#LFROMASOLUTION
Organic chemicals
As the permeation process can be described as the
sorption of the penetrating species on the material
surface followed by its diffusion through the polymer
chains, it should be clear the linkage between
(./FROMASOLUTION
permeability and swelling: chemicals that are known
as swelling agents for Halar® ECTFE (see the section
above) are also expected to have a significant
permeation rate in the polymer.
Fig. 26: Liquid permeabilities of a few common chemicals in Halar® ECTFE, compared with PVDF and PFA
0;GqMMM£qD=
DISSOLVED
06$&
%#4&%
0&!
(EXANE #
26
-ETHYLENECHLORIDE
#
$IMETHYLACETAMIDE
#
-ETHANOL #
Weathering resistance
Halar® ECTFE are barely affected after 5000 hours
exposure to the UVB-313 source of light in the QUV
Weatherometer or after 9 years of the Florida outdoor
weathering. The figures 27 and 28 below illustrate the
exceptional weathering resistance of Halar® films.
Halar® ECTFE undergoes very little change in
properties or appearance upon outdoor exposure to
sunlight. Both accelerated and outdoor weathering
studies demonstrate the remarkable stability of the
polymer to UV light and weather. The properties of
Fig. 27: Florida exposure 45° South
4ENSILEPROPERTIESOFMIL(ALAR ¤&ILM
2ETENTIONOFTENSILESTRENGTH 2ETENTIONOFELONGATION
!GINGTIMEYEARS
Fig. 28: QUV weatherometer
2ETENTIONOFTENSILESTRENGTH
2ETENTIONOFELONGATION
$%
$%
MIL(ALAR¤%#4&%&ILM
HOURSOF156WEATHEROMETER
!GINGTIMEHOURS
Resistance to high energy radiation
Halar® ECTFE has demonstrated excellent resistance
to many sources of radiation up to 200 Mrad.
27
Fire resistance Halar® ECTFE offers a superior combination of
properties in comparison to other partially fluorinated
plastics, according to the following independent tests:
• High-Current Arc Ignition (HAI): this test measures
the relative resistance of insulating materials to
ignition from arcing electrical sources,
• UL-94,
• High-Voltage Arc Tracking Rate (HVTR): this test
determines the susceptibility of an insulating
material to track or form a visible carbonized
conducting path over the surface when subjected
to high-voltage, low current arcing,
• LOI limiting oxygen index,
• Auto ignition temperature,
• Factory Mutual (FM).
When placed in a flame, unlike most thermoplastics,
Halar® ECTFE does not melt or drip. Char is formed,
which serves as an oxygen and heat transfer barrier.
On removal of flame, it immediately extinguishes.
It will not ignite or propagate flame in atmospheres
which contain up to 52% of oxygen. Halar® ECTFE has
excellent low smoke properties.
Table 12: Fire resistance
UL 94
V-0 rating at 0.18 mm
Limiting Oxygen Index (ASTM D 2863)
> 52%
Auto-Ignition Temperature (ASTM D1929)
655°C
Factory Mutual (FM 4910)
compliant
There are two types of pre-selection test programs
conducted on plastic materials to measure
flammability characteristics.
The first determines the material’s tendency either to
extinguish or to spread the flame once the specimen
has been ignited; this program is described in UL 94. Specimens moulded from the plastic material
are oriented in either a horizontal or vertical position,
depending on the specifications of the relevant test
method, and are subjected to a defined flame ignition
source for a specified period of time. The vertical
rating V-0 indicates that the material was tested
in a vertical position and self-extinguished within
the shortest burn time after the ignition source was
removed, and doesn’t drip flaming particles, showing
highest safety (see Table 12).
The second test program measures the ignition
resistance of the plastic to electrical ignition sources.
The material’s resistance to ignition and surface
tracking characteristics is described in UL 746A.
The basic tests used to evaluate a material’s ability to
resist ignition are (see Table 13):
• Hot-Wire Ignition (HWI): this test determines the
resistance of plastic materials to ignition from an
electrically heated wire,
• High-Voltage, Low-Current Dry Arc Resistance
(D495): this test measures the time that an
insulating material resists the formation of a
conductive path due to localized thermal and
chemical decomposition and erosion,
• Comparative Tracking Index (CTI): this test
determines the voltage that causes a permanent
electrically conductive carbon path after 50 drops
of electrolyte have fallen on the material.
Table 13: Ignition resistance according to UL standard 746A
Thickness
mm
Flame
Class
HWI
HAI
HVTR
D495
CTI
0.18
V-0
-
-
2
7
0
1.5
V-0
2
0
2
7
0
3.0
V-0
2
0
2
7
0
Halar® grades tested according to the UL Standard 746A: 100, 200,
300, 400, 500, 5001, 5002.
UL Thermal Index (RTI)
Halar® ECTFE has been investigated with respect
to retention of certain critical properties, according
to UL Standard 746B. The end-of-life of a material
is assumed to be the time when the value of the
critical property has decreased to 50 percent of its
original value. The maximum service temperature for
a material, where a class of critical property will not
unacceptably compromised through chemical thermal
degradation is defined as Relative Temperature Index
(RTI).
More than one RTI may be appropriate for a given
material depending on the property requirements for a
given application (see Table 14):
• RTI Elec: Electrical RTI, associated with critical
electrical insulating properties,
• RTI Mech Imp: Mechanical Impact RTI, associated
with critical impact resistance, resilience and
flexibility properties,
• RTI Mech Str: mechanical Strength RTI, associated
with critical mechanical strength where impact
resistance, resilience and flexibility are not
essential.
28
Table 14: UL Thermal Index (RTI)
Thickness mm
RTI Elec
RTI Mech
Imp
RTI Mech Str
0.18
150
150
150
1.5
160
150
160
3.0
160
150
160
Halar® grades tested according to the UL Standard 746B: 100, 200,
300, 400, 500, 5001, 5002.
Since ordinary air contains roughly 21 percent
oxygen, a material whose oxygen index is appreciably
higher than 21 is considered flame resistant because
it will only burn in an oxygen-enriched atmosphere.
Table 15: Limiting Oxygen Index
LOI
Halar® ECTFE
ETFE
> 52%
32%
Limiting Oxygen Index – LOI
The oxygen index is defined by ASTM D 2863 as
the minimum concentration of oxygen, expressed as
volume percent, in a mixture of oxygen and nitrogen
that will support flaming combustion of a material
initially at room temperature under the conditions of
this method.
29
Safety, Hygiene, Health Effects
Fluoropolymer resins like Halar® ECTFE are known
for their high chemical stability and low reactivity.
Where toxicological studies have been conducted on
fluoropolymers, no findings of significance for human
health hazard assessment have been reported. None
of the fluoropolymers is known to be a skin irritant or
sensitizer in humans.
European Commission Directive 2002/72/EC and
its amendments, relating to plastics materials and
articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.
Halar® ECTFE grades comply with the specifications
of the United States Food and Drug Administration
(FDA) 21CFR 178.1380.
Following massive exposure to fluoropolymer resin
dust by inhalation, increases in urinary fluoride were
produced; however, no toxic effects were observed.
Some Halar® resins are formulated with additives
such as fillers, pigments, stabilizers, etc, to provide
favourable processing, or other characteristics. These
additives may present other hazards in the use of the
resins.
Several grades of Halar® are recognized under each
of these standards. Information on current listings for
specific grades is available from your Solvay Solexis
representative.
The Safety Data Sheet, available for each of the
commercial grades, should be consulted for specific
health information and to follow all the necessary
safety instructions.
National Sanitation Foundation
NSF International is a no-profit, non-governmental
organization that develops standards for public health
and safety. It also provides lists of materials that
conform to their standards.
For further details, please consult the brochure “Guide
for the Safe Handling of Fluoropolymers Resins”
Toxicity of decomposition products
The main Halar grades must be processed at
temperatures between 260°C and 280°C. Under
these conditions, there is no risk of decomposition
of the ECTFE polymer (except in the presence of
contaminants)
In general, it is important to ensure good ventilation
in the workplaces. In order to avoid decomposition,
it is imperative that the material not be heated to
a temperature above 350°C. The main fluorinated
product emitted during combustion is hydrofluoric
acid (HF) which is dangerous if inhaled or if it comes
into contact with the skin or the mucous membranes.
As an indication with respect to HF, the ACGIHTLVCeiling value (the concentration that should not to
be exceed during any part of the working exposure)
is 2 ppm (1.7 mg/cm³), the indicative occupational
exposure limit values established by Directive
2000/39/EC is 3 ppm (2.5 mg/m³) for short-term (15minutes) exposure period and the IDLH (Immediately
Dangerous to Life or Health Concentrations ) value set
by NIOSH is 30 ppm.
In the event of fire, it is preferable to extinguish it with
sand or extinguishing powder; use of water may lead
to the formation of acid solutions.
Approvals
Food Contact
The fluorinated monomers used in the Halar
copolymers (ethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene)
and terpolymers (ethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene,
perfluoropropylvinylether) meet the requirements of
30
International Water Contact Standards
Listings expire periodically and depending on market
demand they may or may not be recertified. Contact
your Solvay Solexis representative for the latest listing.
NSF Standard 61 – Drinking Water System
Components – Health Effects
The table below lists the Halar® ECTFE polymers
certified to meet NSF Standard 61 at 85°C (185°F)
Table 16: Halar® ECTFE in compliance with NSF
Standard 61
Grade
Halar® 300LC - Halar® 350LC - Halar® 500LC
Halar® 901 - Halar® 902
Medical Applications
Biological tests ca rried out on Halar® ECTFE
according to USP chapter 88 “Biological reactivity
tests, in vivo” have demonstrated its compliance with
the requirements of USP Plastic Class VI.
Although USP Class VI testing is widely used and
accepted in the medical products industry, it does
not fully meet any category of ISO 10993-1 testing
guidelines for medical device approval.
Each specific type of medical product must be
submitted to appropriate regulatory authorities for
approval. Manufacturers of such articles or devices
should carefully research medical literature, test and
determine whether the fluoropolymer is suitable for
the intended use. They must obtain all necessary
regulatory agency approvals for the medical product
including any raw material components.
Solvay Solexis does not allow or support the use
of any of its products in any permanent implant
applications. If you have any questions regarding
the company’s implant policy, please contact your
Solvay Solexis representative
Processing
Introduction
Halar® ECTFE is a melt-processable fluoropolymer
that can be processed like conventional
thermoplastic materials. Basic processing
recommendations are described below.
Materials of c onstruction
All parts coming into contact with hot Halar® resin
should be made of corrosion resistant materials
such as “Xaloy” 306, B.C.I. No.2, Duranickel, or
Hastelloy C. The hoppers, slides and throats should
be sufficiently corrosion resistant so that rust is not
introduced to the resin. It is especially important to
prevent contact of the melt with copper alloys and
unprotected tool steel which can reduce the melt
stability of the resin. However, corrosion testing on
metal plaques of carbon steel show that the current
Halar® ECTFE technology reduces the corrosivity of
the polymer.
Extruder type
Table 17: Typical extruder design
Machine size
No limitation
Length/Diameter ratio
20:1 – 30:1
Barrel heating
Standard heating methods,
three or more zones
Flange heating
Required
Screw type
Single flight
Compression ratio 2.5:1 – 3:1
Metering length: 25%
Smooth transition (at least 3-4
flights)
Breaker plate
Recommended
Screen pack
60, 80, 100, 60 mesh (optional)
Drive
Adjustable from 5 to 100 rpm
Melt thermocouple
Recommended
Pressure gauge
Recommended
General considerations
Temperatures should be set to produce a melt
temperature in the range of 260º to 280ºC (500º to
540°F). At startup, the melt is kept at the low end of
the temperature range. When all equipment is running
satisfactorily, the melt temperature is adjusted to
produce the best extrudate. At the end of all runs, the
Halar® resin should be purged from the machine and
the temperature lowered below 200°C (400°F).
Handling
No special treatment is required. Drying is
unnecessary since the resin will not absorb water.
The low water absorption inhibits the dissipation
of frictional static charges. Consequently, the resin
container should be covered at all times to prevent the
deposition of contaminants on the pellets or powder.
When bringing the resin from a colder room, the
closed drum liner should not be opened until the resin
has reached the temperature of the processing room.
This avoids condensing atmospheric moisture on the
pellets or the powder.
Regrind
Regrind can be used with no loss in properties. It can
be blended with virgin Halar® at a level not to exceed
15%. Regrind which has excessively darkened should
be discarded.
Safety
Refer to the Halar® ECTFE Material Safety Data
Sheet for detailed recommended procedures for
safe handling and use. As with all polymer materials
exposed to high temperatures, good safety practice
requires the use of adequate ventilation when
processing Halar® ECTFE. Ventilation should be
provided to prevent exposure to fumes and gases that
may be generated. Excessive heating may produce
fumes and gases that are irritating or toxic.
Thermal stability
Although Halar® resin is a stable material, degradation
can occur if the maximum recommended processing
temperature is exceeded. Degradation is a function
of time, temperature and nature of the metal surface
in contact with the molten resin. Development of a
grey-tan color in the extrudant serves as a warning
sign that degradation is occurring. Black specks in
the extrudant indicate severe localized degradation
at hot spots or spots in the system. If black specks
appear in the extrudant, it is recommended that the
equipment be shut down and thoroughly cleaned.
Temperature limitations
Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of Halar® resin
indicates that the polymer decomposes thermally
at 350°C (662°F). Thermal decomposition can also
be expected at lower temperatures if the exposure
time is long enough (e.g., excessive residence time
that may be encountered in extruders and injection
molding machines). In practice, discoloration, black
specks, etc. may be encountered when the melt
temperature exceeds 300°C (575°F) for an extended
period of time. If interruptions in processing occur, the
resin should be purged immediately from the barrel.
Polypropylene or high density polyethylene may be
employed for this purpose. If purging is not possible,
the temperature should be lowered to 200°C (400°F)
while repairs are being made.
31
Recommendations for extrusion
Corrosion-resistant materials are recommended for
all surfaces in contact with hot resin. Halar® resin
can thermally degrade to HCl which is corrosive to
metal surfaces. Studies have indicated that the resin
begins to degrade after 45 minutes at 270°C (520°F);
thus, residence times in extruders should be held to
a minimum and care should be taken not to overheat
Halar® ECTFE resin during processing.
Corrosion-resistant materials of construction are
recommended not only to insure reasonable
equipment life but also to protect Halar® resin from
degradation. Molten Halar® resin will decompose on
extended contact with iron, copper or brass. The
products of decomposition are a black degraded
resin with HCl gas.
The recommended practice when extrusion is
interrupted is to purge the equipment.
Table 18: Typical extruder operating conditions
Halar® 500 - 300
Halar® 901
Equipment .
temperatures
°C (°F)
°C (°F)
Rear barrel
Mid barrel
Front barrel
Clamp
Die
235-260 (460-500)
260-270 (500-520)
260-277 (500-530)
265-277 (510-530)
270-280 (520-540)
250-265 (480-510)
260-270 (500-520)
270-280 (520-545)
270-280 (520-545)
277-290 (530-550)
Melt temperature .
at the die exit
270-295 (520-560)
290 (560)
Melt pressure .
at the die
70-200 bar .
(1000-3000 psi)
70-200 bar .
(1000-3000 psi)
Good extrusion practice recommends that the
temperature profile be developed upward from
the minimum temperatures recommended. This
will ensure optimum results with no danger of
degradation.
Recommendations for injection
moulding
Conventional reciprocating single screw extruders
are employed.
Corrosion-resistant materials are recommended for
all surfaces in contact with hot Halar® ECTFE resin.
This requirement pertains to inside cylinder walls
and the screw. Some surface-hardened tool steels
have been used successfully in limited duration
runs. The standard practice of never allowing the hot
resin to remain stagnant in the injection moulding
equipment should be carefully followed. If moulding
is interrupted, the resin should be purged out of
the equipment immediately with polypropylene or
high-density polyethylene. If purging is not possible,
temperatures should be lowered to 200°C (400°F)
while changes are being made.
32
Shot size
In injection moulding of Halar® resin, the
recommended shot size (including sprue and runners)
is between 40 and 70 % of machine capacity. If
undersized shot weights are used, the resin tends
to degrade because of long residence times in the
cylinder. Oversized shots result in uneven heating
and/or cold materials.
Injection moulding conditions
Part design, mould design, cycle time and plasticating
capacity of the press cause moulding condition to
vary from part to part. A certain amount of trial and
error is therefore necessary to determine optimum
moulding conditions. It is recommended to start at the
lower temperature and pressure levels and gradually
increase alternately until optimum is achieved.
Temperature of the injection cylinder
Temperatures higher than 287°C (550°F) should be
avoided. As a general rule, temperatures should not
be set higher than necessary to obtain rapid fill at
reasonable injection pressures.
Injection pressure
Pressure exerted on the material can range from 50
bar (700 psi) to 1380 bar (20000 psi); thinner sections
require higher pressures.
Mould temperature
Mouldings with good surfaces and optimum physical
properties ordinarily require mould temperatures
between 90 and 150°C (200-300°F). if only a water
heater is available, it should be run as hot as possible.
With this type of heater, the surface of the parts will
be somewhat less glossy and small cavities may be
difficult to fill. Oil or electrical heating is preferred.
Mould cycles
The time cycle required for a particular mould
depends to a very large extent upon the design of the
mould and the thickness of the part.
Usually total cycle time is 20-40 seconds for a part
less than 3 mm (1/8 inch) thick. The ram forward time
is approximately 10 seconds. A thicker part requires
longer time with 60-150 seconds being typical for a
part of over 6 mm (¼ inch) thickness. In this case, the
ram forward time would be increased to 25 seconds.
Mould release
Halar® seldom requires a mould release agent. If
it is found necessary to use a release agent, one
that has been found to work well is FreKote 44-NC manufactured by Dexter Corporation (Seabrook, New
Hampshire).
The typical injection moulding conditions are shown in
Table 19.
Table 19: Typical injection moulding conditions
Temperatures
Rear cylinder
Mid cylinder
Forward cylinder
Nozzle
Mould
230-245°C (450-470°F)
245-260°C (470-500°F)
260-275°C (500-525°F)
255-265°C (490-510°F)
100-110°C (220-230°F)
Pressure exerted on material
55-140 bar (800-2000 psi)
Timing
Total cycle (seconds)
Ram forward time (seconds)
Screw speed (rpm)
20-150
10-25
30-100
Recommendations for compression
moulding
The following procedure can be followed as a
guideline for a typical compression moulding cycle.
Use a positive pressure mould; it consists of a top
plate, a bottom plate and a frame.
Heat the mould to 260°C (500°F).
Feed the room temperature pellets into the mould.
Apply a pressure of 15 bar (200 psi) for 5-10 seconds.
Reduce pressure to 5 bar (40 psi) and maintain
pressure; the press will close gradually as the material
melts; always keep the melt and plates in contact;
complete melting will take approximately 1-10 hours
for a 15 mm (5/8 inch) thick plaque.
Increase the pressure in steps throughout the melting
cycle until 15 bar (200 psi) is reached.
After 1-10 hours, turn on the cold water.
Maintain 15 bar (200 psi) until the plaque is at room
temperature (about 20 minutes for a 15 mm, 5/8 inch
thickness)
NOTE: All the information given in these pages can
only be considered as examples for processing
of Halar® ECTFE. It cannot be considered as
specifications or as a guarantee for successful
extrusion or moulding of Halar® ECTFE.
33
Secondary Processing
Welding
Halar ECTFE is a thermoplastic material that can
be welded using the standard techniques known
for common plastics, for example PE or PVC. In
particular, hot gas welding is routinely used to thermoweld Halar® ECTFE liners. Tensile tests performed on
the welded seams have proven that fusions are 100%
as reliable as the original material.
®
The following general recommendations will apply
when hot gas welding Halar® ECTFE liners.
Equipment
Use welding guns with heating power of 800 W or
higher.
Proper temperature measurement is crucial to ensure
consistent welds. It is good practice to measure the
temperature of the gas stream inside the nozzle, at 57 mm (1/4”) from the outlet.
Good quality Halar® ECTFE welds can be obtained
when nitrogen or clean and dry air is used. Welding
in nitrogen is recommended when the welding facility
lacks a clean and dry source of air.
Different welding tips are available. High speed
welding tips are used for the primary weld, while
tacking tips can be used to hold in place the various
sections of the liner.
Health, Safety and Environment
As with all polymers exposed to high temperatures,
good safety practice requires the use of adequate
ventilation when processing Halar® ECTFE. Excessive
heating may produce fumes and gases that are
irritating or toxic. Ventilation or proper breathing
equipment should be provided to prevent exposure to
fumes and gases that may be generated.
Refer to the Halar® ECTFE Material Safety Data
Sheets for detailed recommended procedures for
safe handling and use. Contact your regional Solvay
Solexis office for a copy.
Recommendations for Welding
Use round welding rods made of the same Halar®
grade of the profiles to be welded.
Warning: Welding together profiles made from
different grades is not recommended. If it is
unavoidable contact your regional Solvay Solexis
Technical Service representative.
Scrape carefully the surfaces to be welded. When
using fabric backed sheets, remove the fabric along
the welding line (2 or 3 mm on each sheet) to prevent
fibers inclusions. Align and hold the two sheets to be
welded at a distance not larger than 0.5-1 mm (20-40
mils).
34
V-shape the groove between the two sheets using the
appropriate scraper. Avoid the use of makeshift tools
as it could result in an irregular weld bead. Thoroughly
clean the welding area and the welding rod.
Warning: The use a cleaning solvent may cause fire
hazard due to the heat generated by the gun.
Clean the nozzle of the welding gun with a brass
brush, adjust the air flow at 50-60 standard liters/
minute (1.8 – 2.1 cfm) and set the temperature of the
welding gun as indicated in the table below.
Table 20: Welding gun temperature
Halar® ECTFE grade
Welding Gun Temperature
901, 300, 350, 500
380 - 425°C (380-400°C for thin liners)
902
425 - 495°C
Note: The temperatures recommended in this
document must be intended as measured inside
the nozzle. If the welding gun is equipped with
a thermometer, check the readings using a
thermocouple before commencing the welding
operations.
Weld holding the gun at a 45-60° angle and adjust
the welding pressure and speed ensuring that the
welding rod and the sheets melt simultaneously.
Welding speeds in the 0.1-0.5 cm/s (or 1/16”-1/4“ per
second) range are usually suitable.
If the speed is too low, the welding rod will overheat
and start flowing; on the other hand, if the speed is
too high, the welding rod will not melt properly and the
groove between the two sheets will not be duly filled
by the molten material.
Similarly, if the welding pressure is too low, the groove
between the two sheets will not be completely filled,
while an excessive force may cause dimples along
the welding bead which will eventually act as stress
concentrators.
Machining
The machining of Halar® ECTFE is very similar to that
of nylon. The following procedures provide guidelines
for successful machining operations with this versatile
fluoropolymer.
Internal stresses may often be created during the
machining of Halar® ECTFE. These stresses may lead
to warping of a component. To avoid creating stresses
during machining, attention should be given to the
following points:
1.Use sharp tools
2.Avoid excessive clamping or cutting forces
3.Prevent overheating by use of coolants
Generally, when the above principles are followed,
stress-free parts will be obtained. In those cases
where optimal dimensional control is required,
annealing is recommended.
Annealing consists of a heat treatment in oils or other
liquids at temperatures about 50°F (30°C) above the
maximum exposure temperature to be encountered.
At 300°F (150°C) in sections of 1/2-inch, 15 minutes is
adequate. On sections 1-inch in thickness, 4 hours is
normal, and an additional 2 hours is added for each
additional inch of thickness. Due to the low thermal
conductivity of Halar® ECTFE, slow heating and
cooling is required for this step.
Halar® ECTFE can easily be machined on most
standard metal working machines. For best results,
particularly on long production runs, the following
should be considered:
1.Due to the previously mentioned low thermal
conductivity, the surface temperature of the work
will rise rapidly during machining. To prevent this,
coolants are recommended.
2.The relatively low melting point of the material,
468°F (242°C), combined with the low thermal
conductivity may cause softening of the work
surface unless the proper machining procedures
are followed.
For turning, the general type of tool used for
machining soft metals such as aluminum is also
suitable for Halar® ECTFE. For optimum results, the
angles should be somewhat different. Rake angles of
30 to 40° with a side clearance angle of 5° as well as
a 5° end clearance and end cutting edge angles of 8
to 10° are used. The cutting edge of the tool should
be the same height as the turning center – too low a
tool position causes “running” of the work on the tool
and too high a position impairs the cutting action.
In order to obtain a smooth surface finish on the
work, it is advisable to use a rounded tool for the final
cut rather than the one described above which is
intended for general purpose turning. In addition to
the use of a coolant, the lapping of the tool face will
contribute to a smoother finish.
For cut-off, a tool with 5° side reliefs, 10 to 15° end
clearance, and 5° side clearances with the top side
of the tool level to keep from “biting” into the work is
recommended.
In turning Halar® ECTFE, there is a tendency to form a
continuous ribbon which may wind around the work.
This can be overcome by using the proper rake angle
and adjusting the cutting speed. Burring can be
avoided or minimized by using sharp, well designed
tools, proper cutting speeds, and a good coolant. In
order to prevent deformation of thin-walled parts, it
may be desirable to clamp the work in a collet rather
than at three or four points.
For milling, standard cutters (gear, wheel, face and
side, cylindrical, key-way, and finger) can be used
with Halar® ECTFE as with steel, provided they
are sharp. The angles of these cutters need not
be changed although the angles used on cutters
designed for aluminum are the best since their shape
is adapted to machining soft, tough materials.
Basically, the same RPM, feed, and cutting depth
would be used in milling as in turning. A good coolant
is also essential. In order to avoid distortion of the
work and “biting” of the milling cutter, careful, uniform
clamping is necessary.
To avoid the formation of burrs during milling, it may
be advisable to back up the work with another plate. A less expensive material such as nylon could be used.
Halar® ECTFE can be readily sawed. When using
a power hacksaw, there are no special procedures
different from steel. There are no limits for the
thickness of the material. It is desirable to use a
coarse saw blade with about 4 to 6 teeth per inch,
and there should be some set to these.
A vertical band saw may also be used but with a little
more care. The speed of the band should not be too
high (for example, 1500 ft/min for a 3-inch thickness).
Again, a coarse tooth (4 to 6 per inch) such a skip
tooth or buttress type should be used. No coolant is
used normally in this method, and the material should
not be pressed too hard against the blade.
When using circular saws, regular, hollow ground
metal working blades are acceptable for thin sections
up to about 1/3-inch. For heavier sections, special
skip tooth or buttress type blades are required.
To drill Halar® ECTFE, standard drills are generally
suitable. Sharp bits and a cooling fluid are advisable.
Regular up and down movement of the drill helps in
cooling and in clearing the hole. The feed should be
reduced as the depth of the hole increases.
Due to the elasticity of Halar® ECTFE and because
of the temperature rising during drilling, it may be
necessary to use a drill diameter 0.004 to 0.020
inch greater than the size of the derived hole. When
several holes have to be drilled close to one another,
it may be necessary to plug holes already drilled
to prevent deformation. These procedures are best
established by experience.
Reaming is difficult because of the elasticity of the
material. The best results are obtained by using
a sharp, spiral fluted reamer. Some machinists fill
the hole to be reamed with a wax or tallow prior to
reaming.
35
Screw threading and tapping is quite easy with Halar®
ECTFE. It is advisable to use a cutting oil to avoid
excessive heat and ensure the best finish. The use .
of the first tap can be omitted and for very small holes
only the third tap need be used.
Halar® ECTFE sheet can be punched easily. .
The tools must be carefully ground and lapped if
possible. The work to be punched should be tightly
clamped.
Halar® ECTFE rods and tubes can be
centerless ground on conventional equipment.
It is recommended that the work center be
approximately 0.100 inches below the center line .
of the wheels and that water-soluble oil be used .
as a coolant.
NOTE: All the information given in these pages can
only be considered as examples for processing of
Solef® and Hylar® PVDF. Please contact Solvay Solexis
for detailed information.
36
Solvay Solexis S.p.A.
Viale Lombardia, 20
20021 Bollate (MI), Italy
Tel. +39 02 3835 1
Fax +39 02 3835 2129
Solvay Solexis Inc.
10 Leonard Lane
Thorofare NJ 08086, USA
Tel. +1 856 853 8119
Fax +1 856 853 6405
www.solvaysolexis.com
To our actual knowledge, the information contained herein is accurate as of the date of this document. However neither Solvay Solexis S.p.A., nor any of its
affiliates makes any warranty, express or implied, or accepts any liability in connection with this information or its use. This information is for use by technically
skilled persons at their own discretion and risk and does not relate to the use of this product in combination with any other substance or any other process. This is
not a license under any patent or other proprietary right. The user alone must finally determine suitability of any information or material for any contemplated use in
compliance with applicable law, the manner of use and whether any patents are infringed. This information gives typical properties only and is not to be
used for specification purposes. Solvay Solexis S.p.A., reserves the right to make additions, deletions or modifications to the information at any time without
prior notification.
Trademarks and/or other Solvay Solexis S.p.A. products referenced herein are either trademarks or registered trademarks of Solvay Solexis S.p.A. or its
affiliates, unless otherwise indicated.
Copyright 2006, Solvay Solexis S.p.A. All Rights Reserved.
Design: www.blisscommunication.be
BR2003C-B-05-1106
VIRON INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
505 HINTZ ROAD
OWOSSO, MI 48867
(989) 723-8255 PHONE
(989) 723-8417 FAX
GORE-TEX EXPANDED PTFE SEALANTS
CHEMICAL COMPATIBILITY OF
100% EXPANDED PTFE GORE-TEX® SEALANTS
This chemical compatibility guide was assembled from known compatibility data for PTFE
materials and should be used only as a general guide for determining the suitability of GORE-TEX®
sealants for specific applications. An independent study of the compatibility with your specific fluids
is advised for confirmation of chemical compatibility. When immersion tests are performed with
GORE-TEX® sealants, the test sample must first be precompressed at 2800 psi (19.3 MPa)
minimum. Additionally, the adhesive and release paper should be removed from the immersion
samples. Immersion test samples for all GORE-TEX sealants are available, free of charge, from our
Elkton, Maryland, facility. For more information, contact:
W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc.
P.O. Box 1488, Elkton, MD 21922-1488
Telephone: 410/392-3200
Fax: 410/392-4817
1 = Recommended (Little or No Effect)
- = Insufficient Data
N = Not Recommended
ABIETIC ACID
ACETIC ACID, CRUDE
PURE
VAPORS
ACETIC ANHYDRIDE
ACETONE
ACETROPHENONE
ACETYLENE
ACRYLIC ANHYDRIDE
ALLYL ACETATE
ALLYL METHACRYLATE
ALUMINUM CHLORIDE
ALUMINUM FLOURIDE
ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE (SOLID)
ALUMINUM NITRATE
ALUMINUM SULFATE
ALUMS
AMMONIA, LIQUID
AMMONIA, GAS, 150°F AND BELOW
ABOVE 150°F
AMMONIUM CHLORIDE
AMMONIUM HYDROXIDE
AMMONIUM NITRATE
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
AMMONIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC
DIBASIC
TRIBASIC
AMMONIUM SULFATE
AMYL ACETATE
AMYL ALCOHOL
ANILINE, ANILINE OIL
ANILINE DYES
AQUA REGIA
BARIUM CHLORIDE
BARIUM HYDROXIDE
BARIUM SULFIDE
BENZALDEHYDE
BENZENE, BENZOL
BENZONITRILE
BENZOYL CHLORIDE
BENZYL ALCOHOL
BLACK SULFATE LIQUOR
BLEACH (SODIUM HYPROCHLORITE)
BORAX
BORIC ACID
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
GORE-TEX EXPANDED PTFE SEALANTS
BRINE
1
BROMINE
1
BROMINE TRIFLUORIDE
Call Gore
BUTADIENE
1
BUTANE
1
BUTYL ACETATE
1
BUTYL ALCOHOL, BUTANOL
1
N-BUTYL AMINE
1
BUTYL METHACRYLATE
1
CALCIUM BISULFITE
1
CALCIUM CHLORIDE
1
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE
1
CALCIUM HYPOCHLORITE
1
CAPROLACTAM
1
CARBOLIC ACID, PHENOL
1
CARBON DIOXIDE, DRY
1
WET
1
CARBON DISULFIDE
1
CARBON MONOXIDE
1
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
1
CARBONIC ACID
1
CETANE (HEXADECANE)
1
CHLORINE, DRY
1
WET
1
CHLORINE DIOXIDE
1
CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE
Call Gore
CHLORAZOTIC ACID (AQUA REGIA)
1
CHLOROAZOTIC ACID (AQUA REGIA)
1
CHLORONITROUS ACID (AQUA REGIA)
1
CHLORINATED SOLVENTS, DRY
1
WET
1
CHLOROACETIC ACID
1
CHLOROETHYLENE
1
CHLOROFORM
1
CHLOROSULFONIC ACID
1
CHROMIC ACID
1
CHROMIC ANHYDRIDE
1
CHROMIUM TRIOXIDE
1
CITRIC ACID
1
COPPER CHLORIDE
1
COPPER SULFATE
1
CRESOLS, CRESYLIC ACID
1
CUMENE HYDROPEROXIDE
1
CYCLOHEXANE
1
CYCLOHEXANONE
1
DIBUTYL PHTHALATE
1
DIBUTYL SEBACATE
1
DIETHYL CARBONATE
1
DIMETHYL ETHER
1
DIMETHYL HYDRAZINE, UNSYMMETRICAL
1
DIMETHYL FORMAMIDE
1
DIOXANE
1
DOWTHERM A
1
DOWTHERM E
1
ETHANE
1
ETHERS
1
ETHYL ACETATE
1
ETHYL ALCOHOL
1
ETHYL CELLULOSE
1
ETHYL CHLORIDE
1
ETHYL ETHER
1
ETHYL HEXOATE
1
ETHYLENE
1
ETHYLENE BROMIDE
1
ETHYLENE GLYCOL
1
ETHYLENE OXIDE
1
FERRIC CHLORIDE
1
FERRIC PHOSPHATE
1
FERRIC SULFATE
1
FLUORINE, GAS
Call Gore
LIQUID
Call Gore
FLUORINE DIOXIDE
Call Gore
FORMALDEHYDE
1
FORMIC ACID
1
FREON
1
FURFURAL
1
GLYCERINE, GLYCEROL
1
GLYCOL
1
GRAIN ALCOHOL
1
GREEN SULFATE LIQUOR
1
HEPTANE
1
HEXACHLOROETHANE
1
HEXANE
1
HYDRAZINE
1
HYDROBROMIC ACID
1
HYDROCHLORIC ACID, 150° AND BELOW
1
ABOVE 150°
1
HYDROCYANIC ACID
1
HYDROFLUORIC ACID, LESS THAN 65%,
150°F AND BELOW
1
65% TO ANHYDROUS,
150°F AND BELOW
1
LESS THAN 65%,
ABOVE 150°F
1
65% TO ANHYDROUS,
ABOVE 150°F
1
HYDROFLUORIC ACID, ANHYDROUS
1
HYDROFLUOROSILICIC ACID
1
HYDROFLUOSILICIC ACID
1
HYDROGEN GAS, +150°F TO -350°F
1
GORE-TEX EXPANDED PTFE SEALANTS
ABOVE 150°F
HYDROGEN FLUORIDE
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE 10-90%
HYDROGEN SULFIDE, DRY, 150°F AND BELOW
DRY, ABOVE 150°F
WET, 150°F AND BELOW
WET, ABOVE 150°F
IODINE PENTAFLUORIDE
ISOBUTANE
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
JET FUELS
KEROSENE
LACTIC ACID, 150°F AND BELOW
ABOVE 150°F
LIME SALTPETER (CALCIUM NITRATES)
LUBRICATING OILS, SOUR
REFINED
LYE
MAGNESIUM CHLORIDE
MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE
MAGNESIUM SULFATE
MERCURIC CHLORIDE
MERCURY
METHANE
METHANOL, METHYL ALCOHOL
METHYLACRYLIC ACID
METHYL CHLORIDE
METHYL ETHYL KETONE
METHYL METHACRYLATE
METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER
MINERAL OILS
MOLTEN ALKALI METALS
MURIATIC ACID
NAPHTHALENE
NAPHTHAS
NAPHTHOLS
NATURAL GAS
NICKEL CHLORIDE
NICKEL SULFATE
NITRIC ACID, CRUDE
LESS THAN 30%
ABOVE 30%
RED FUMING
NITROBENZENE
2-NITRO-BUTANOL
NITROCALCITE (CALCIUM NITRATE)
NITROGEN TETROXIDE
NITROMETHANE
2-NITRO-2-METHYL PROPANOL
NITROMURIATIC ACID (AQUA REGIA)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
N
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
NITROHYDROCHLORIC ACID (AQUA REGIA)
NORGE NITTER (CALCIUM NITRATE)
NORWEGIAN SALTPETER (CALCIUM NITRATE)
N-OCTADECYL ALCOHOL
OLEIC ACID
OLEUM
OXALIC ACID
OXYGEN, GAS, 150°F AND BELOW
GAS, ABOVE 150°F
LIQUID, DOWN TO -350°F
LIQUID, BELOW -350°F
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1*
1*
-*
-*
(* GORE-TEX® sealants without adhesive are suitable
for gaseous and liquid oxygen service. Insure that
sealants are stored and handled in clean conditions.
Consult GORE-TEX® Sealant Oxygen Compatibility
Test Report for further details.)
OZONE
PALMITIC ACID
PENTACHLOROPHENOL
PERCHLORIC ACID
PERCHLOROETHYLENE
PETROLEUM OILS, CRUDE
REFINED
PHENOL
PHOSPHORIC ACID, CRUDE
PURE, LESS THAN 45%
ABOVE 45%, 150°F AND BELOW
ABOVE 45%, ABOVE 150°F
PHOSPHORUS PENTACHLORIDE
PHTHALIC ACID
PICRIC ACID, MOLTEN
WATER SOLUTION
PINENE
PIPERIDENE
POLYACRYLONITRILE
POTASH, POTASSIUM CARBONATE
POTASSIUM ACETATE
POTASSIUM BICHROMATE
POTASSIUM CHROMATE, RED
POTASSIUM CYANIDE
POTASSIUM DICHROMATE
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE
POTASSIUM SULFATE
PRODUCER GAS
PROPANE
PROPYLENE
PROPYL NITRATE
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
GORE-TEX EXPANDED PTFE SEALANTS
PRUSSIC ACID, HYDROCYANIC ACID
PYRIDINE
SALTPETER, POTASSIUM NITRATE
SILVER NITRATE
SODA ASH, SODIUM CARBONATE
SODIUM BICARBONATE, BAKING SODA
SODIUM BISULFATE
SODIUM CHLORATE
SODIUM CHLORIDE
SODIUM CYANIDE
SODIUM DIOXIDE
SODIUM HYDROXIDE
SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE
SODIUM METAPHOSPHATE
SODIUM METABORATE PEROXYHYDRATE
SODIUM NITRATE
SODIUM PERBORATE
SODIUM PEROXIDE
SODIUM PHOSPHATE, MONOBASIC
DIBASIC
TRIBASIC
SODIUM SILICATE
SODIUM SULFATE
SODIUM SULFIDE
SODIUM THIOSULFATE, "HYPO"
SODIUM SUPEROXIDE
STANNIC CHLORIDE
STEAM
STEARIC ACID
STYRENE
SULFUR CHLORIDE
SULFER TRIOXIDE, DRY
SULFURIC ACID, 10%, 150°F AND BELOW
10%, ABOVE 150°F
10-75%, 150°F AND BELOW
10-75%, ABOVE 150°F
75-95%, 150°F AND BELOW
75-95%, ABOVE 150°F
FUMING
SULFUROUS ACID
TANNIC ACID
TARTARIC ACID
TETRABROMOETHANE
TETRACHLOROETHYLENE
TOLUENE
TRICHLOROACETIC ACID
TRICHLOROETHYLENE
TRICRESYL PHOSPHATE
TRIETHANOLAMINE
TURPENTINE
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VARNISH
VINEGAR
VINYL CHLORIDE
VINYL METHACRYLATE
WATER, ACID MIND, WITH OXIDIZING SALT
NO OXIDIZING SALTS
WHISKEY AND WINES
WOOD ALCOHOL
XYLENES
ZINC CHLORIDE
ZINC SULFATE
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
VIRON® SSTEELCOAT® DUCT
Chemical
ECTFE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
Temperature
Chemical
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Acetic Acid, 10%
R
R
R
——
——
Acetic Acid, 20%
R
R
R
——
Acetic Acid, 50%
R
R
R
Acetic Acid, 80%
R
R
R
Acetic Acid, 90%
R
R
Acetic Acid, Glacial
R
Acetic Anhydride
Acetone
Temperature
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Aluminum Nitrate
R
R
R
R
R
——
Aluminum Oxychloride
R
R
R
R
R
——
——
Aluminum Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Ammonia, Gas
R
R
R
——
——
R
R
R
Ammonium Acetate
R
R
——
——
——
R
R
——
——
Ammonimum Bifluoride
R
R
R
R
R
R
——
——
——
——
Ammonium Bisulfide
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Ammonium Carbonate
R
R
R
R
R
Acetyl Chloride
R
R
——
——
——
Ammonium Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Acetylene
R
R
——
——
——
Ammonium Dichromate
R
R
R
R
——
Acetonitrile
R
R
R
——
——
Ammonium Fluoride, 10%
R
R
R
R
R
Acetophenone
R
R
NR
——
——
Ammonium Fluoride, 25%
R
R
R
R
R
Acrylonitrile
R
——
——
——
——
Ammonium Hydroxide, 30%
R
R
R
R
R
Acrylic Acid
R
R
R
——
——
Ammonium Metaphosphate
R
R
R
R
R
Adipic Acid
R
R
——
——
——
Ammonium Nitrate
R
R
R
R
R
Alcohol, Amyl
R
R
R
R
R
Ammonium Persulphate
R
R
——
——
——
Alcohol, Benzyl
R
R
R
R
R
Ammonium Phosphate
R
R
R
R
R
Alcohol, Butyl, Primary
R
R
R
R
R
Ammonium Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
Alcohol, Butyl, Secondary
R
R
R
R
R
Ammonium Sulfide
R
R
R
R
R
Alcohol, Diacetone
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Amyl Acetate
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Alcohol, Ethyl
R
R
R
R
R
Amyl Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Alcohol, Hexyl
R
——
——
——
——
Aniline
R
R
R
——
——
Alcohol, Isopentyl
R
R
NR
——
——
Anthraquinone
R
R
——
——
——
Alcohol, Isopropyl
R
R
R
R
R
Anthraquinone Sulfonic Acid
R
R
——
——
——
Alcohol, Methyl
R
R
R
R
R
Antimony Trichloride
R
——
——
——
——
Alcohol, Propyl
R
R
R
R
R
Aqua Regia
R
R
R
——
——
Allyl Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Arsenic Acid
R
R
R
R
R
Alum
R
R
R
R
R
Alum, Ammonium
R
R
R
R
R
Alum, Chrome
R
R
R
——
——
Alum, Potassium
R
R
R
R
R
Aluminum Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Alumnium Fluoride
R
R
R
R
R
Aluminum Hydroxide
R
R
R
R
R
A
R - Recommended
NR - Not Recommended
-- No Available Data
NOTE: All chemicals listed above without concentrations next to them are 100% concentration or the greatest concentration
that is commercially available.
VIRON® SSTEELCOAT® DUCT
ECTFE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
Chemical
Temperature
Chemical
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Barium Carbonate
R
R
R
R
R
Barium Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Barium Hydroxide
R
R
R
R
R
Barium Nitrate
R
R
R
R
R
Barium Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
Barium Sulfide
R
R
R
R
R
Beer
R
R
R
R
R
Beet Sugar Liquors
R
R
R
R
R
Banzaldehyde, 10%
R
R
NR
NR
Banzaldehyde, Above 10%
R
R
NR
Benzene
R
R
NR
Benzene Sulfonic Acid, 10%
R
R
Benzoic Acid
R
Bismuth Carbonate
Black Liquor
Temperature
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Butyl Stearate
R
R
R
——
——
Butyric Acid
R
R
R
R
——
Cadmium Cyanide
R
R
——
——
——
NR
Calcium Bisulfide
R
R
R
R
R
NR
NR
Calcium Bisulfite
R
R
R
R
R
NR
NR
Calcium Carbonate
R
R
R
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Calcium Chlorate
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
——
Calcium Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Calcium Hydroxide, Saturat
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Calcium Hypochlorite
R
R
R
R
R
Bleach, 12.5% Active Cl 2
R
R
R
R
R
Calcium Nitrate
R
R
R
R
R
Bleach, 5.5% Active Cl 2
R
R
R
R
R
Calcium Oxide
R
R
R
R
R
Borax
R
R
R
R
R
Calcium Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
Boric Acid
R
R
R
R
R
Cane Sugar Liquors
R
R
R
——
——
Brine Acid
R
R
R
R
R
Caprylic Acid
R
R
——
——
——
Bromic Acid
R
R
R
——
——
Carbon Dioxide, Wet
R
R
R
R
R
Bromine, Liquid
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Carbon Dioxide, Dry
R
R
R
R
R
Bromine, Vapor 25%
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Carbon Disulfide
R
——
——
——
——
Bromine, Water
R
R
——
——
——
Carbon Monoxide
R
R
R
R
R
Bromobenzene
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Carbon Tetrachloride
R
R
R
R
R
Bromotoluene
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Carbonic Acid
R
R
R
R
R
Butadiene
R
R
R
R
——
Castor Oil
R
R
R
R
R
Butane
R
R
R
R
——
Caustic Potash
R
R
R
R
R
Butyl Acetate
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Cellosolve
R
R
R
R
R
Butyl Alcohol
R
R
R
R
R
Cellosolve Acetate
R
R
R
NR
NR
Butyl Cellosolve
R
——
——
——
——
Chloracetic Acid, 50%
R
R
R
——
——
Butylene
R
R
R
R
R
Butyl Phenol
R
R
R
——
——
Butyl Phthalate
R
R
R
——
——
B
R - Recommended
NR - Not Recommended
C
-- No Available Data
NOTE: All chemicals listed above without concentrations next to them are 100% concentration or the greatest concentration
that is commercially available.
®
®
VIRON SSTEELCOAT DUCT
Chemical
ECTFE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
Temperature
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
Chlorine Dioxide
R
Chloral Hydrate
R
Chloramine
Chemical
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
R
R
——
——
R
——
——
——
R
——
——
——
——
Chlorine Gas, Dry
R
R
R
NR
NR
Chlorine Gas, Wet
R
R
R
——
——
Chlorine, Liquid
R
R
R
——
——
Chlorine Water, Saturated
R
R
R
——
——
Chlorobenzene
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Chlorobenzyl Chloride
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Chloroform
R
R
——
——
——
Chlorosulfonic Acid
R
R
NR
NR
NR
D
Chlorotoluene
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Chromic Acid, 10%
R
R
R
——
Chromic Acid, 30%
R
R
R
——
Chromic Acid, 40%
R
R
R
Chromic Acid, 50%
R
R
Citric Acid
R
R
Coconut Oil
R
Coke Oven Gas
Copper Carbonate
Temperature
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
R
R
NR
NR
R
NR
NR
NR
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Detergents
R
R
R
R
R
——
Detergent Solution (Heavy Duty)
R
R
R
R
R
——
Dexron, Trans, Fluid
R
R
R
R
R
——
——
Dextrin
R
R
R
R
R
R
——
——
Dextrose
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Diacetone Alcohol
R
R
——
NR
NR
R
R
R
R
Dibutyl Sebacate
R
R
R
——
——
R
R
R
——
——
Dichlorobenzene
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
R
R
R
R
R
Dichloropropane
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Copper Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Dichlorotoluene
R
——
NR
NR
NR
Copper Cyanide
R
R
R
R
R
Dichloroethylene
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Copper Fluoride
R
R
R
R
R
Diesel Fuels
R
R
R
R
R
Copper Nitrate
R
R
R
R
R
Diethyl Cellosolve
R
R
R
R
R
Copper Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
Diethyl Ether
R
——
——
——
——
Corn Syrup
R
R
R
R
R
Diglycolic Acid
R
——
——
——
——
Cottonseed Oil
R
R
R
R
R
Diisobutyl Ketone
R
R
——
——
——
Cresol
R
R
R
NR
NR
Diisopropyl Ketone
R
——
NR
NR
NR
Cresylic Acid, 50%
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Dimethyl Acetamide
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Croton Aldehyde
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Dimethyl Formamide
R
R
R
NR
NR
Crude Oil
R
R
R
R
R
Dimethyl Hydrazine
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Cupric Fluoride
R
R
R
R
R
Dimethyl Phthalate
R
R
R
——
——
Cupric Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
Dimethyl Sulfoxide
R
R
R
——
——
Cuprous Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Dimethylamine
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
R - Recommended
NR - Not Recommended
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
Cyclohexane
R
Cyclohexanol
R
Cyclohexanone
-- No Available Data
NOTE: All chemicals listed above without concentrations next to them are 100% concentration or the greatest concentration
that is commercially available.
VIRON® SSTEELCOAT® DUCT
ECTFE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
Chemical
Temperature
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
Chemical
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Temperature
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Fatty Acids
R
R
R
R
R
F
Dioctyl Phthalate
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ferric Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Dioxane
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Ferric Nitrate
R
R
R
R
R
Dioxane, 1, 4
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Ferric Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
Disodium Phosphate
R
R
R
R
R
Ferrous Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Divinylbenzene
R
NR
——
——
——
Ferrous Nitrate
R
R
R
R
R
Ferrous Sulfate
Fluorine Gas, Wet
R
R
R
——
R
——
R
——
R
——
Fluoroboric Acid
R
R
R
R
——
Fluorosilicilic Acid
R
R
R
R
R
Formaldehyde, 37%
R
R
——
——
——
Formic Acid
R
R
R
R
——
Freon F-11
R
R
——
——
——
E
Freon F-12
R
R
——
——
——
Epsom Salt
R
R
R
R
R
Freon F-21
R
R
——
——
——
Ethyl Acetate
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Freon F-22
R
R
——
——
——
Ethyl Acetoacetate
R
——
——
——
——
Freon F-113
R
R
——
——
——
Ethyl Acrylate
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Freon F-114
R
R
——
——
——
Ethyl Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Fruit Juices, Pulp
R
R
R
R
R
Ethyl Ether
R
R
——
——
——
Furfural
R
R
R
NR
NR
Ethyl Formate
R
R
NR
——
——
Ethylene Bromide
R
R
R
R
R
Ethylene Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Ethylene Chlorohydrin
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ethylene Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Ethylene Chlorohydrin
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ethylene Diamine
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ethylene Dichloride
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Ethylene Glycol
R
R
R
R
R
Ethylene Oxide
R
R
R
——
——
R - Recommended
NR - Not Recommended
-- No Available Data
NOTE: All chemicals listed above without concentrations next to them are 100% concentration or the greatest concentration
that is commercially available.
VIRON® SSTEELCOAT® DUCT
Chemical
ECTFE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
Temperature
Chemical
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Gallic Acid
R
R
——
——
——
Gas, Natural
R
R
R
R
Gasoline, Leaded
R
R
R
R
Gasoline, Unleaded
R
R
R
Gasoline, Sour
R
R
Gelatin
R
Gin
R
Glucose
Temperature
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Hydrogen Peroxide, 50%
R
R
——
——
——
R
Hydrogen Peroxide, 90%
R
R
——
——
——
R
Hydrogen Phosphide
R
R
——
——
——
R
R
Hydrogen Sulfide, Dry
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Hydrogen Sulfide, Aqueous Sol.
R
R
——
——
——
R
R
——
——
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Glycerine, Glycerol
R
R
R
R
R
Glycolic Acid
R
R
——
——
——
Glycolis
R
R
R
R
R
G
H
Hydroquinone
R
R
R
——
——
Hypochlorous Acid
R
R
R
R
R
Iodine
R
R
R
——
——
Iodine Solution, 10%
R
R
R
——
——
I
Heptane
R
R
R
R
R
Hexane
R
R
R
R
NR
Hydrobromic Acid, 20%
R
R
R
R
R
Isopropyl Ether
R
R
——
——
——
Hydrobromic Acid, 50%
R
R
R
R
R
Isooctane
R
R
R
R
R
Hydrochloric Acid, Conc 37%
R
R
R
R
R
Isopentyl Alcohol
R
R
NR
——
——
Hydrocyanic Acid
R
R
R
R
R
Hydrocyanic Acid, 10%
R
R
R
R
R
Hydrofluoric Acid, 10%
R
R
R
R
R
Hydrofluoric Acid, 30%
R
R
R
R
——
Hydrofluoric Acid, 40%
R
R
R
R
——
Hydrofluoric Acid, 49%
R
R
R
R
——
Hydrofluosilicic Acid
R
R
R
R
R
Hydrogen
R
R
R
R
R
Hydrogen Cyanide
R
R
R
R
R
R - Recommended
NR - Not Recommended
-- No Available Data
NOTE: All chemicals listed above without concentrations next to them are 100% concentration or the greatest concentration
that is commercially available.
VIRON® SSTEELCOAT® DUCT
ECTFE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
Chemical
Temperature
Chemical
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Jet Fuel, JP-4
R
R
R
R
R
Jet Fuel, JP-5
R
R
R
R
R
Temperature
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Linseed Oil, Blue
R
R
R
R
R
Lithium Hydroxide Saturated
R
R
R
R
R
Lithium Bromide
R
R
R
——
——
Lubricating Oil, ASTM #1
R
R
R
R
R
Lubricating Oil, ASTM #2
R
R
R
R
R
Lubricating Oil, ASTM #3
R
R
R
R
R
Magnesium Carbonate
R
R
R
R
R
J
K
Kerosene
R
R
R
R
R
M
L
Magnesium Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Magnesium Hydroxide
R
R
R
R
R
Magnesium Nitrate
R
R
R
R
R
Magnesium Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
Maleic Acid
R
R
R
R
——
Lactic Acid, 25%
R
R
——
——
——
Malic Acid
R
R
R
R
——
Lactic Acid, 80%
R
R
——
——
——
Mercuric Chloride
R
R
R
R
——
Lard Oil
R
R
R
R
R
Mercuric Cyanide
R
R
R
R
——
Lauric Acid
R
R
R
——
——
Mercuric Sulfate
R
R
R
R
——
Lauryl Chloride
R
R
R
——
——
Mercurous Nitrate
R
R
R
R
——
Lead Acetate
R
R
R
R
R
Mercury
R
R
R
R
R
Lead Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Methane
R
R
R
R
R
Lead Nitrate
R
R
R
R
R
Methylamine
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Lead Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
Methyl Bromide
R
R
R
R
R
Lemon Oil
R
R
R
R
——
Mrthyl Cellosolve
R
R
R
R
R
Lime Sulfur
R
R
——
——
——
Methyl Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Linoleic Acid
R
R
R
——
——
Mrthyl Chloroform
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Linoleic Oil
R
R
R
R
——
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Linseed Oil
R
R
R
R
R
R - Recommended
NR - Not Recommended
-- No Available Data
NOTE: All chemicals listed above without concentrations next to them are 100% concentration or the greatest concentration
that is commercially available.
VIRON® SSTEELCOAT® DUCT
Chemical
ECTFE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
Temperature
Chemical
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Methyl Formate
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Methyl Isobutyl Ketone
R
R
NR
NR
Methyl Methacrylate
R
R
NR
NR
Methyl Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
Methyl Sulfuric Acid
R
R
——
——
——
Methylene Bromide
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Nethylene Chloride
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Methylene Iodine
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Milk
R
R
R
R
R
Mineral Oil
R
R
R
R
R
Molasses
R
R
R
R
R
Motor Oil
R
R
R
R
R
Temperature
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Nitric Acid, 70%
R
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Nitric Acid, 90%
R
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Nitrobenzene
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Nitrous Acid, 10%
R
R
R
——
——
Nitrous Oxide
R
R
——
——
——
N-methylpyrrolidine
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oils, Vegetable
Oleic Acid
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
——
Oleum, 30%
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Oxalic Acid
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Oxalic Acid, 50%
R
R
NR
NR
NR
O
N
Napthalene
R
——
NR
——
——
Oxygen, Gas
R
R
R
R
R
Natural Gas
R
R
——
——
——
Ozone
R
R
R
——
——
Nickel Acetate
R
——
——
——
——
Nickel Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Nickel Nitrate
R
R
R
R
R
Nickel Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
Nicotine
R
R
——
——
——
Nicotinic Acid
R
R
R
——
——
Nitric Acid, 10%
R
R
R
R
——
Nitric Acid, 30%
R
R
R
——
——
Nitric Acid, 40%
R
R
R
——
——
Nitric Acid, 50%
R
R
——
NR
——
R - Recommended
NR - Not Recommended
-- No Available Data
NOTE: All chemicals listed above without concentrations next to them are 100% concentration or the greatest concentration
that is commercially available.
®
ECTFE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
Chemical
®
VIRON SSTEELCOAT DUCT
Temperature
Chemical
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Palmitic Acid, 10%
R
R
R
R
——
Paraffin
R
R
R
R
R
Pentanedione
R
R
NR
NR
Pentyl Acetate
R
R
NR
Perchloric Acid, 10%
R
R
R
Perchloric Acid, 70%
R
R
——
Petroleum Oils, Sour
R
R
Petroleum Oils, Refined
R
R
Phenol
R
R
NR
Phenylhydrazine
R
R
——
Phosphoric Acid, 10%
R
R
R
Phosphoric Acid, 30%
R
R
Phosphoric Acid, 50%
R
R
Phosphoric Acid, 85%
R
Phosphorus Yellow
Phosphorus Pentoxide
Temperature
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
P
Potassium Bisulfate
R
R
R
R
——
Potassium Borate
R
R
R
R
——
NR
Potassium Bromide
R
R
R
R
R
NR
NR
Potassium Carbonate (Sat)
R
R
R
R
R
——
——
Potassium Chlorate Aqueous
R
R
R
R
R
——
——
Potassium Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
R
——
——
Potassium Chromate
R
R
R
R
R
R
——
——
Potassium Chlorate
R
R
R
R
R
NR
NR
Potassium Cyanide
R
R
R
R
R
——
——
Potassium Dichromate
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Potassium Ferricyanide
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Potassium Ferrocyanide
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Potassium Hydroxide, 50%
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Potassium Iodide
R
R
R
R
——
R
——
——
——
——
Potassium Nitrate
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
——
——
Potassium Perchlorate
R
R
——
——
——
Phosphorus Trichloride
R
R
R
——
——
Potassium Permanganate, 10%
R
R
R
R
R
Photographic Solutions
R
R
——
——
——
Potassium Permanganate, 25%
R
R
R
R
R
Picric Acid
R
——
——
——
——
Potassium Persulfate
R
R
——
——
——
Plating Solutions, Brass
R
R
R
——
——
Potassium Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
Plating Solutions, Cadmium
R
R
R
——
——
Propane
R
R
R
R
R
Plating Solutions, Chrome
R
R
R
——
——
Propyl Acetate
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Plating Solutions, Copper
R
R
R
——
——
Propylene Oxide
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Plating Solutions, Gold
R
R
R
——
——
Pyridine
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Plating Solutions, Lead
R
R
R
——
——
Pyrogallic Acid
R
R
——
——
——
Plating Solutions, Nickel
R
R
R
——
——
Plating Solutions, Rhodium
R
R
R
——
——
Plating Solutions, Silver
R
R
R
——
——
Plating Solutions, Tin
R
R
R
——
——
Plating Solutions, Zinc
R
R
R
——
——
Potash
R
R
R
R
R
Potassium Alum
R
R
R
R
R
Potassium Aluminum Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
Potassium Bichromate
R
R
R
R
——
R - Recommended
NR - Not Recommended
-- No Available Data
NOTE: All chemicals listed above without concentrations next to them are 100% concentration or the greatest concentration
that is commercially available.
VIRON® SSTEELCOAT® DUCT
Chemical
ECTFE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
Temperature
Chemical
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Salicyclic Acid
R
R
R
R
——
Salicylaldehyde
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Silicic Acid
R
R
R
R
R
Silicone Oil
R
R
R
R
Silver Cyanide
R
R
R
Silver Nitrate
R
R
Silver Sulfate
R
R
Soaps
R
Sodium Acetate
Sodium Alum
Temperature
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
Sodium Phosphate, Alkaline
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Phosphate, Acid
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Phosphate, Neutral
R
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Silicate
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Sulfide
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Sulfite
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Thiosulfate
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Sour Crude Oil
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
Stannic Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Benzoate
R
R
R
R
R
Stannous Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Bicarbonate
R
R
R
R
R
Starch
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Bichromate
R
R
R
——
——
Stearic Acid
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Bisulfate
R
R
R
R
R
Stoddard's Solvent
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Bisulfite
R
R
R
R
R
Succinic Acid
R
R
R
——
——
Sodium Bromide
R
R
R
R
R
Sulfate Liquors
R
R
R
——
——
Sodium Carbonate (Sat)
R
R
R
R
R
Sulfite Liquor
R
R
R
——
——
Sodium Chlorate
R
R
R
R
R
Sulfur
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Sulfur Chloride
R
——
——
——
——
Sodium Chlorite (Sat)
R
R
R
R
——
Sulfur, Dioxide, Dry
R
R
R
——
——
Sodium Cyanide
R
R
R
R
R
Sulfur, Dioxide, Wet
R
R
——
——
——
Sodium Dichromate
R
R
R
——
——
Sulfuric Acid, 10%
R
R
R
——
——
Sodium Fluoride
R
R
R
R
R
Sulfuric Acid, 50%
R
R
R
R
——
Sodium Hydrosulfide, 50%
R
R
R
R
R
Sulfuric Acid, 90%
R
R
R
R
——
Sodium Hydroxide, 15%
R
R
R
R
R
Sulfuric Acid, 93%
R
R
R
R
——
Sodium Hydroxide, 30%
R
R
R
R
——
Sulfuric Acid, 96%
R
R
R
R
——
Sodium Hydroxide, 50%
R
R
R
R
——
Sulfuric Acid, 98%
R
R
R
R
——
Sodium Hypochlorite, 5%
R
R
R
R
——
Sulfurous Acid
R
R
R
——
——
Sodium Iodide
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Metaphosphate
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Nitrate
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Nitrite
R
R
R
R
R
Sodium Perchlorate
R
R
R
R
——
Sodium Peroxide
R
R
R
R
R
S
R - Recommended
NR - Not Recommended
-- No Available Data
NOTE: All chemicals listed above without concentrations next to them are 100% concentration or the greatest concentration
that is commercially available.
VIRON® SSTEELCOAT® DUCT
ECTFE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE
Chemical
Temperature
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
Chemical
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
T
Temperature
73°F
23°C
121°F
50°C
212°F
100°C
250°F
120°C
300°F
149°C
W
Tall Oil
R
R
R
R
R
Water
R
R
R
R
R
Tannic Acid
R
R
R
R
R
Water, Acid Mine
R
R
R
R
R
Tanning Liquors
R
R
R
R
——
Water, Demineralized
R
R
R
R
R
Tar
R
R
R
R
R
Water, Distilled or Fresh
R
R
R
R
R
Tartaric Acid
R
R
R
R
——
Water, Salt
R
R
R
R
R
Tetraethyl Lead
R
R
R
R
R
Water, Sea
R
R
R
R
R
Tetrachloroethylene
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Water, Sewage
R
R
R
R
R
Tetrahydrofuran
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
Whiskey
R
R
R
R
R
Thionyl Chloride
R
R
——
——
——
White Liquor
R
R
R
——
——
Thread Cutting Oils
R
R
R
R
R
Wines
R
R
R
——
——
Toluene
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Tomato Juice
Transformer Oil
R
R
R
R
R
R
——
——
——
——
Tricresyl Phosphate
R
R
R
——
——
Tributyl Phosphate
Trichloroaceatic Acid
R
R
R
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
NR
R
R
NR
——
——
Trichlorobenzene
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Trichloroethylene
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Triethyl Phosphate
R
R
R
——
——
Triethenolamine
R
NR
NR
NR
NR
Triethylamine
R
R
NR
NR
NR
Triosodium Phosphate
R
R
R
R
R
Zinc Chloride
R
R
R
R
R
Turpentine
R
R
R
R
R
Zinc Nitrate
R
R
R
R
R
Zinc Sulfate
R
R
R
R
R
X
Xylene (Xylol)
Z
U
Urea
R
R
R
——
——
Vaseline
R
R
R
R
R
Vinegar
R
R
R
——
——
Vinyl Acetate
R
R
NR
——
——
V
R - Recommended
NR - Not Recommended
-- No Available Data
NOTE: All chemicals listed above without concentrations next to them are 100% concentration or the greatest concentration
that is commercially available.
Viron International Corporation
3/7/2008
505 Hintz Road
Owosso, MI 48867
(989) 723-8255 Phone
(989) 723-8417 Fax
Standard Angle Ring Chart
QTY
NOTE:
Duct
Size
Standard
ID
Standard
# Holes
Standard
Hole Size
Standard
Bolt Cicle
Standard
Material
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
38
40
42
44
46
48
3-1/16
4-1/16
6-3/16
8-1/8
10-1/8
12-1/8
14-1/8
16 1/8
18 1/8
20 1/8
22 1/8
24 1/8
26 1/8
28 1/4
30 1/4
32 1/4
34 1/4
36 1/4
38 1/4
40 1/4
42 1/4
44 1/4
46 1/4
48 1/4
6
6
6
8
8
12
12
16
16
20
20
20
24
24
28
28
32
32
36
36
40
40
44
44
9/32"
9/32"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
7/16"
4-5/16
5-5/16
7-1/2
9-1/2
11-1/2
13-3/4
15-3/4
17-3/4
19-3/4
21-3/4
23-3/4
25-3/4
28-1/2
30-1/2
32-1/2
34-1/2
36-1/2
38-1/2
40-1/2
42-1/2
44-1/2
46-1/2
48-1/2
50-1/2
10 Ga.
10 Ga.
1¼ X 1¼ X 1/8
1¼ X 1¼ X 1/8
1¼ X 1¼ X 1/8
1½ X 1½ X 1/8
1½ X 1½ X 1/8
1½ X 1½ X 3/16
1½ X 1½ X 3/16
1½ X 1½ X 3/16
1½ X 1½ X 3/16
1½ X 1½ X 3/16
2 X 2 X 3/16
2 X 2 X 3/16
2 X 2 X 3/16
2 X 2 X 3/16
2 X 2 X 3/16
2 X 2 X 3/16
2 X 2 X 3/16
2 X 2 X 3/16
2 X 2 X 3/16
2 X 2 X 3/16
2 X 2 X 3/16
2 X 2 X 3/16
All welded fittings will be supplied with a minimum 18 gauge material.
4" W.G. 6" W.G. 8" W.G.
16
16
16
20
20
20
18
18
18
16
Viron® International Corporation
505 Hintz Road
Owosso, MI 48867
(989) 723-8255
(989) 723-8417 fax
E-Mail: info@vironintl.com
Web: www.vironintl.com
•
•
•
•
•
•
Viron® International Corporation
®
SSTeelcoat
Installation Guide
………………………
Viron® International’s Duct System
“Product of Choice “for Highly
Corrosive Environments.
•
•
•
•
•
SSTeelcoat®
Installation Guide
Viron® International’s Duct System
“Product of Choice” for Highly
Corrosive Environments
I.
Specifications and Precautions
The intent of this guide is to provide the information necessary for effective and correct
installation of Viron® manufactured Ssteelcoat®. This manual will cover installer necessary
information pertaining to duct connections and proper duct handling. Viron®’s SSTeelcoat® duct
is Factory Mutual System Approved for fume and smoke evacuation without the use of sprinkler
heads in the duct system.
The manufacture of SSTeelcoat® is an accurate and carefully undertaken process. Viron®’s
SSTeelcoat® systems are constructed of 300 Series stainless steel coated with Halar®, a corrosion
resistant coating. Duct interconnections are Van Stone style flanges, which are separated and
sealed by PTFE® encapsulated gaskets. The SSTeelcoat® Halar® coating is manufactured in
accordance with restrictive tolerances that allow for accurate thickness and evenly distributed
application.
As manufacturing is an extreme process, extreme care must be taken in the handling and
installation of SSTeelcoat® ductwork. It is Viron®’s responsibility to produce SSTeelcoat®
material, which is acceptable to the customer. SSTeelcoat® is deemed acceptable if the Halar®
coating is not penetrated to allow the stainless steel to become visible or if the duct passes a spark
test. The coating may be scuffed during transportation or installation and still be considered
acceptable. Unacceptable or damaged pieces can sometimes be repaired in the field (Please
contact Viron® International for repair kits and instructions). Damaged pieces beyond field repair
must be either factory repaired or replaced
Viron®’s responsibility for damages to, loss of or delay of duct shipments ends upon acceptance
of shipment by the party responsible for shipping. Any claims for the above mentioned must be
filed with the freight line by the consignee. The consignee must inspect the shipment upon
delivery and note any and all damages or discrepancies. The consignee then has ten days after
receipt to notify the freight line of damage. The consignee then has six months to file claim.
II.
Installation
All SSTeelcoat® shall be hung in accordance with SMACNA regulations. Hanger strap or rod
hanger will be the method used. Ductwork shall be hung such to provide a continuous incline
terminating at the effluent gas source. Depending on the diameter of the ducting, reinforcing
rings may be required. These requirements are to be referenced to the SMACNA “Industrial Duct
Construction Standards.”
Installation of Viron®’s SSTeelcoat® is to be inspected for coating deficiencies. At no time is the
Halar® coating to be punctured or penetrated. SSTeelcoat® may be cut to length in the field
(Please consult Viron® International for instructions).
SSTeelcoat® is manufactured as a flanged system using Van Stone style flanges. Viron® uses
Gore-Tex® joint sealant and complies with the following installation procedures suggested by the
manufacturer:
1. Clean the flange on the duct with a soft cloth.
2. Place the joint sealant toward the outside of the flange.
3. Firmly press the joint sealant in place as you go. Note: The placement of the joint
sealant is important because it makes a very thin gasket, which spreads wider as the
bolts are torqued.
4. Complete the seal by crossing the ends at a bolt hole. Cross one end over the other
about one (1) inch and cut.
5. Make a final pass around the flange firmly pressing the joint sealant as you go.
6. Assemble the flanged joint and torque the bolts. Run all nuts finger tight. Develop
the required bolt stress in a minimum of three equal steps following the suggested
pictured bolt stress.
As the SSTeelcoat® system is repaired and/or added to; duct replacement requires new gasket
material.
All SSTeelcoat® is shipped with wood covered ends to maintain the integrity of the coated
surface. Special considerations should be made for duct storage as to provide a safe, debris free
limited traffic atmosphere with ample under-support.
SSTeelcoat®
“Product of Choice “for Highly Corrosive Environments.
End of Section
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
STRAIGHT
1. SSTeelcoat® ductwork with a gauge thickness of 22ga through 14ga will have field
connections utilizing a VanStone type flange/304 stainless steel angle ring.
2. All straight stainless steel duct lengths utilizing 22ga through 14ga will be 47” ± .125
in overall length.
3. Stitch welding to the VanStone flange is required on all straight stainless steel duct
lengths over 30ӯ.
4. All straight stainless steel duct lengths utilizing 12ga through10ga will not have a
VanStone connection. These pieces will be furnished as continuous welded for rigid
mount. The overall lengths will be 49” or 97” in length.
5. SSTeelcoat® ductwork is constructed of 300 Series stainless steel material.
6. Angle rings are constructed of 304 stainless steel material and sandblasted.
7. SSTeelcoat® ductwork fittings are to be Tig weld only.
8. Fusion welds on all longitudinal seams.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
SHEET 1
Rev. 2/97
(STANDARDS GUIDE)
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Please contact Viron® International Corporation with any questions or comments.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
505 Hintz Road · Owosso, MI 48867
Phone: 989-723-8255 · Fax: 989-723-8417
Web: www.vironintl.com · E-mail: info@vironintl.com
SSTEELCOAT® FABRICATION INSTRUCTIONS
THE FOLLOWING ARE STANDARDS FOR VIRON® INTERNATIONAL’S SSTEELCOAT®
DUCTWORK.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
ELBOWS
1. SSTeelcoat® ductwork with a gauge thickness of 22ga through 14ga will have field
connections utilizing a VanStone type flange.
2. Standard centerline radius is 1.5 times the diameter. Custom centerlines are avail
able upon request. Please consult with Viron® International.
3. Standard number of gores are as follows:
90° Elbow ............ 5 gore
60° Elbow ............ 4 gore
45° Elbow ............ 3 gore
30° Elbow ............ 2 gore
4. All elbow end gores must be long enough to house an angle ring plus 1” minimum to
allow enough room for the elbow gores to be welded together. This is accomplished
by adding throat extensions.
5. Standard elbows utilizing 12ga and 10ga stainless steel material will require the
angle ring to be continuously welded without a VanStone flange.
6. All 90° elbows larger than 54” diameter will be supplied as two (2) 45° elbows and
are to be field assembled to complete a 90° elbow.
7. Angle rings are constructed of 304 stainless steel material and sandblasted.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
SHEET 2
Rev. 2/97
(STANDARDS GUIDE)
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Please contact Viron® International Corporation with any questions or comments.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
505 Hintz Road · Owosso, MI 48867
Phone: 989-723-8255 · Fax: 989-723-8417
Web: www.vironintl.com · E-mail: info@vironintl.com
SSTEELCOAT® FABRICATION INSTRUCTIONS
THE FOLLOWING ARE STANDARDS FOR VIRON® INTERNATIONAL’S SSTEELCOAT®
DUCTWORK.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
TEES
1. SSTeelcoat® tees with a gauge thickness of 22ga through 14ga will be supplied on
47” and 97” straight lengths of SSTeelcoat® duct when possible.
2. Tees can be supplied as a straight, conical, or a 45°/30° branch.
3. The minimum length of a straight tap is 6”.
4. The minimum length of a conical tap is 7”.
5. The minimum length of the short side of the 45°/30° branch is 6”.
6. Viron® requires a 4” minimum between the tap and the end of the VanStone flange on
the straight duct in order to weld the tap onto the straight duct piece.
7. Viron® can supply tees as the following:
1. Single Tap.
2. Double Taps.
3. Triple Taps.
4. Quadrupal Taps.
5. 90° Boot Taps.
6. 90° Reducing Tees.
7. 45° Double Tees.
Note: As long as the tees can fit on the host duct.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
SHEET 3
Rev. 2/97
(STANDARDS GUIDE)
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Please contact Viron® International Corporation with any questions or comments.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
505 Hintz Road · Owosso, MI 48867
Phone: 989-723-8255 · Fax: 989-723-8417
Web: www.vironintl.com · E-mail: info@vironintl.com
SSTEELCOAT® FABRICATION INSTRUCTIONS
THE FOLLOWING ARE STANDARDS FOR VIRON® INTERNATIONAL’S SSTEELCOAT®
DUCTWORK.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
REDUCERS
1. SSTeelcoat® ductwork with a gauge thickness of 22ga through 14ga will have field
connections utilizing a VanStone type flange.
2. Standard length of concentric reducers are as follows:
D1
- D2
= Length
8”
& Under = 12”L
14”L
10”
to 14” =
24”L
16”
to 18” =
20”
to 24” = 30”L
3. All reducers must be long enough to house an angle ring plus 1” minimum to
allow enough room for the reducer to be welded together. Viron requires a 3”
minimum length of straight duct to be welded to each end of the reducer.
4. Viron® can supply concentric and eccentric reducers.
5. Viron® can manufacture any custom length and diameter required.
6. Standard length of eccentric reducers are as follows:
D1
- D2
= Length
6”
& Under = 12”L
18”L
8”
to 10” =
24”L
12”
to 14” =
16”
to 24” = 30”L
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Please contact Viron® International Corporation with any questions or comments.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
505 Hintz Road · Owosso, MI 48867
Phone: 989-723-8255 · Fax: 989-723-8417
Web: www.vironintl.com · E-mail: info@vironintl.com
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
SHEET 4
Rev. 2/97
(STANDARDS GUIDE)
7. Angle rings are constructed of 304 stainless steel material and sandblasted.
SSTEELCOAT® FABRICATION INSTRUCTIONS
THE FOLLOWING ARE STANDARDS FOR VIRON® INTERNATIONAL’S SSTEELCOAT®
DUCTWORK.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
WHAT IS TORQUE?
Torque is a twisting force. Torque is applied to your watch stem when you wind your watch. You
apply torque to unscrew the top of a mason jar. Torque causes rotation of a shaft, or it will set up
a twist in a stationary shaft. It is generally expressed in foot pounds or inches pounds.
HOW TORQUE IS DETERMINED?
If a shaft connected to a 2 ft. lever or arm requires 2 lbs. of force to cause it to rotate, the torque
would be 4 ft. lbs.
S
The formula for torque is:
T=RxS
where R = Radius or Length of Lever
S = Pounds Pull of Scale
T (Ft. Lbs.) = R x S
R
Properly fastened threaded products achieve their holding power from the tension (or torque)
that is derived from the mating of the external and internal threads subject to the elastic limit of
the material.
What torque to apply is a generally asked question, but the answer depends on the variables of
material, threads’ class of fit, methods of thread manufacture, and thread lubrication – if any.
The table below is offered as the suggested maximum torquing values for threaded products
made from the metals as listed. The table is only a guide. Actual tests were conducted on dry,
or near dry, products. All values shown on the chart represent a safe working torque.
Bolt
Size
SAE
SAE
Grade 2
Grade 5
Plated Finish Plated Finish
Stainless
Steel
1/4” - 20
4 ft-lbs
10 ft-lbs
6 ft-lbs
5/16” - 18
8 ft-lbs
22 ft-lbs
11 ft-lbs
3/8” - 16
15 ft-lbs
36 ft-lbs
19 ft-lbs
7/16” - 14
24 ft-lbs
60 ft-lbs
31 ft-lbs
1/2” - 13
36 ft-lbs
75 ft-lbs
43 ft-lbs
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Please contact Viron® International Corporation with any questions or comments.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
505 Hintz Road · Owosso, MI 48867
Phone: 989-723-8255 · Fax: 989-723-8417
Web: www.vironintl.com · E-mail: info@vironintl.com
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
Rev. 2/97
(TORQUE GUIDE)
Caution: All torque values included in these charts are advisory only, and their use by anyone is entirely voluntary. Reliance on the contents for any purpose
by anyone is the sole risk of that person and Viron® International is not responsible for any loss, claim or damages arising there from. In developing this
information, Viron® International has made a determined effort to present its contents accurately. Extreme caution should always be used when using a formula
for torque-tension relationships. Torque is only an indirect indication of tension.
SSTEELCOAT® INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
THE FOLLOWING IS THE APPROVED TORQUING REQUIREMENTS NECESSARY FOR THE
JOINING OF VIRON® INTERNATIONAL’S VAN STONE FLANGE DUCT AND FITTINGS.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Please contact Viron® International Corporation with any questions or comments.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
505 Hintz Road · Owosso, MI 48867
Phone: 989-723-8255 · Fax: 989-723-8417
Web: www.vironintl.com · E-mail: info@vironintl.com
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
Rev. 2/97
(TORQUE PATTERN)
Viron® International recommends the following bolt torque sequence to be acceptable:
1. Assemble the flanged joint and introduce the hardware to the system.
2. Run all nuts finger tight.
3. Develop the required bolt stress in a minimum of three equal steps following the suggested bolt
patterns as pictured above.
SSTEELCOAT® INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS
THE FOLLOWING IS THE SUGGESTED TORQUE SEQUENCE METHOD FOR THE
JOINING OF VIRON® INTERNATIONAL’S VAN STONE FLANGE DUCT AND FITTINGS.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
SSTEELCOAT® DUCTWORK FABRICATION STANDARDS
The Viron® International SSTeelcoat® Ductwork Fabrication Standard Manual is designed to assist our
customers in becoming acquainted with Viron®’s fabrication practices. The manual is in strict accordance
with the practices in the latest S.M.A.C.N.A. manuals.
GENERAL
Codes and Standards
a. Ducts shall be listed for use without the necessity for internal fire protection sprinklers or any devices relied on to cut off airflow in the
event of fire by the following:
Factory Mutual Research Approval - Standard 4922
Limitations and Requirements:
1. All SSTeelcoat® ducts shall be furnished with an interior Halar® ECTFE thermoplastic resin coating consisting of a prime coat 2
to 3 mil (0.05-0.07 mm) thick and a top coat 7 to 8 mil (0.18-0.20 mm) thick. The total interior coating thickness shall not exceed an
average of 12 mil (0.30mm).
2. This duct may be used for smoke removal in special purpose areas when properly designed and sized. Sprinklers are not
required.
3. The product shall be manufactured with identical resins as tested, and according to the formulation on file with Factory Mutual
Research, and shall meet all physical requirements of S.M.A.C.N.A. manual for lndustrial Duct Construction Standards.
4. Vertical height of individual risers within the duct system are not restricted, however, they shall not penetrate other fire areas.
(approval as of 04/09/01)
5. The manufacturer shall determine the suitability of the duct system for specific corrosive environments.
2
2
6. If the process served by this duct system produces flammable residue or a combustible fume source exceeding 1 ft (0.09 m ) in
areas per inlet which can build up inside the duct, then internal sprinklers will be required.
7. The ASTM E-84 Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics. Tested in flat sheet form at a 20 ga. (0.95 mm)
Thickness: Flame Spread 10. Smoke Density 35.
DUCTWORK
a. Base Metal shall be a 300 Series Stainless Steel. Longitudinal seams shall be fusion welded. Traverse seams shall be continuous weld. All
seams shall be smooth on the interior of duct.
b. Coating shall be a Halar® ECTFE fluoropolyer resin and shall be applied per Factory Mutual Research Corporation’s limitations and
requirements.
c. Duct Assembly shall be accomplished utilizing 304 stainless steel sandblasted angle ring/VanStone flange connections:
1. 304 stainless steel sandblasted angle rings are available in sizes 4” thru 120”. The minimum number of holes for angle ring
connections is one hole for each 6” of duct circumference to the next higher number.
d. Gasket Technology:
1. Companion flange gasket material shall be a form in place, fully expanded 100% PTFE joint sealant.
e. Delivery, Storage, and Handling:
1. Protection: Protection is factory applied to ends of ductwork to prevent end damage and prevent dirt and moisture from
entering ducts and fittings.
2. Delivery: Consignee must inspect shipment upon delivery and note any and all damages and discrepancies on Bill of Lading
and notify manufacturer within 24 hours.
3. Storage: Coated ductwork should not be stored in an area where it will have a chance to be damaged from traffic or debris, All
coated ductwork should be stored on cardboard, Styrofoam or similar materials. Where possible, store inside and protect form dirt
and debris. Where necessary to store outside, store above ground and enclose with waterproof wrapping to protect from dirt and
debris.
4. Handling: If coaling is scratched use appropriate protocol to “spark test” and if spark is detected, contact manufacturer for
repair instruction.
f. Testing shall be performed over the entire coated surface and edges. The testing shall be performed with a DC spark tester with minimum
voltage settings per ASTM-D5162-00 or per specification, whichever is greater.
Viron® International Corporation reserves the right to change or modify specifications without notice. SSTeelcoat® is a registered trademark of Viron® International Corporation. Halar® is a registered trademark of Ausimont USA, Inc.
VIRON INTERNATIONAL CORP.
3 / 1997
REV. 1 / 2001
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
SSTEELCOAT® FIELD TAP INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
THE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF PROTOCOL FOR THE INSTALLATION OF VIRON® INTERNATIONAL
CORPORATION’S SSTEELCOAT® FIELD TAP FITTING.
OBSERVE CURRENT SITUATION
In situations when it is necessary to add a field tap in an existing system, Viron® International Corporation has developed the
SSTeelcoat® Field Tap. The Field Tap is available up to 24” diameter and can be installed readily easy. This is a convenient
method when shutting down the exhaust system is not a requirement. If there are questions, please consult with qualified Viron®
International personnel for further instructions. Viron® International Corporation – Phone: 989-723-8255 / Fax: 989-723-8417.
NECESSARY MATERIALS & EQUIPMENT
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
One (1) Flexible Metal Ruler and Tape Measure *
One (1) Metal Pilot Punch *
One (1) Electric Drill with Drill Bit set with step drill to 1/2" (13mm) minimum diameter *
One (1) Hard Rubber or Leather mallet *
One (1) Electric Hand Held Shear *
One (1) Hack Saw with Blade (40 teeth per inch) *
One (1) Half Round and Flat File (fine) *
One (1) Field Tap with Template (available from Viron International Corp.)
One (1) pair of Safety Glasses *
One (1) pair of heavy sheet metal Gloves *
One (1) pair of Scissors or Utility Knife *
One (1) Torque Wrench (0-90 ft-lbs) *
One (1) Socket Set *
One (1) large Adjustable Wrench *
One (1) pack of Alcohol Pads *
One (1) Lint Free Cloth for cleaning *
SAFETY FIRST
All necessary safety protocol must be observed when making repairs to the SSTeelcoat® product. Proper ventilation is necessary
when the repair takes place. A respirator is required if proper ventilation is not available. Proper outer clothing protection will be
required if the application is taking place on a live system. The work area must be well lit and safety glasses must be worn at all
times.
INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
PREPARING THE HOST DUCT. A center point must be established by finding the horizontal and vertical points of connection on
the host duct. Once this is established, horizontal and vertical lines must be scribed into the host duct. Place the template onto the
host duct and match the center points with the location guidelines as shown on the template. Scribe the host duct using the
template as your straight edge. The template also shows the drill locations in four positions. Indicate the drill locations by placing
the Metal Pilot Punch over the cross hairs and tap with a hammer. Remove the template.
STEP #1 – Place drill bit onto pilot punch indents and proceed with drilling the four holes. Place the nibbler to the first hole and
proceed to nibble from one hole to the other, following the scribed lines. Remove the unwanted host duct and properly dispose of
the material. If the installation is taking place on a live system, a blank off plate will be necessary to temporarily cover the opening
of the host duct.
STEP #2 – Apply the GOR-TEX® Joint Sealant to the outer edge of the field tap as illustrated on the detail. Please be sure the joint
sealant overlaps each end to guarantee an air tight seal stopping any bare metal from being introduced to the corrosive air stream.
STEP #3 – Slide the field tap into the opening, using complete caution not to disturb the joint sealant. Finger tighten the nuts,
starting with the slotted holes in order to temporarily position the field tap. Once this is established, lightly tighten the nuts located
at the slotted holes. At this time, any adjustment to the position of the field tap to the host duct must be made. Lightly tighten the
top and bottom center nuts. Proceed down the line in a criss-cross pattern.
STEP #4 – With the 3/8” socket wrench, begin to tighten the nuts in the same order as before. This may be repeated until the
desired torque is reached. At this point the installation should be complete and all raw edges should be sealed from the corrosives
in the air stream.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Please contact Viron® International Corporation with any questions or comments.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
505 Hintz Road · Owosso, MI 48867
Phone: 989-723-8255 · Fax: 989-723-8417
Web: www.vironintl.com · E-mail: info@vironintl.com
VIRON INTERNATIONAL CORP.
REV. 4 / 2000
Contractor Supplied ( * )
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
SSTEELCOAT® FIELD REPAIR INSTRUCTIONS – Halar Sheet Material
®
THE FOLLOWING IS A LIST OF PROTOCOL FOR REPAIRING VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION’S
SSTEELCOAT® DUCT PRODUCT.
OBSERVE CURRENT SITUATION
In situations where, scratches or abrasions may occur in the field with the ECTFE Halar® coating. This can easily be repaired in
certain situations. This is a simple task of first observing the size of the damaged area. A scratch or abrasion no larger than ¾”
diameter can be field repaired. If there are questions regarding the repair, please consult with qualified Viron® International
personnel for further instruction. Viron® International Corporation – Phone: 989-723-8255 / Fax: 989-723-8417.
NECESSARY MATERIALS & EQUIPMENT
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
»
One (1) Electric Heat Gun *
One (1) pair of Scissors *
One (1) pair of Tweezers *
One (1) Pin Punch *
One (1) pair of Safety Glasses *
Four (4) 4”x4” pieces of lint free cloth *
One (1) pack of Alcohol Pads *
One (1) piece of #220 grit Aluminum Oxide Sandpaper *
One (1) sheet of ECTFE Halar® coating (available from Viron® International Corp.)
SAFETY FIRST
All necessary safety protocol must be observed when making repairs to the SSTeelcoat® product. Proper ventilation is necessary
when the repair takes place. A respirator is required if proper ventilation is not available. The work area must be well lit and safety
glasses must be worn at all times.
REPAIR PROCEDURE
PREPARING THE SURFACE. The abrasion or scratched area must be lightly sanded using the #220 grit Aluminum Oxide
Sandpaper to insure a properly prepared area and to remove any foreign material. Once this is complete, wipe the damaged area
with an alcohol pad, wipe again with a dry cloth, and then repeat with a new alcohol pad to insure a clean surface. Do not use the
same alcohol pad twice.
CUTTING THE PATCH. The Halar® patch must be cut oversized with a minimum ¼” overlap to insure the damaged area is
completely covered. The patch must not have any sharp corners. All corners are to be rounded.
TO PROCEED WITH THE REPAIR
STEP #1 – With the electric heat gun, the prepared area must be heated until a shiny surface effect occurs. Observe to make sure
the area becomes smooth. Gently keep the electric heat gun moving back and forth to avoid overheating one area too long, which
burning may occur.
STEP #2 – Using the tweezers, center the precut patch over the prepared area and lower to the surface of the duct. The pin punch
must be used to carefully immerse the patch into the softened Halar® coating to create a bond between the existing duct coating
and the patch. Please observe to see that no area of damage is exposed at this time.
STEP #3 – Using the electric heat gun, gently move back and forth over the patch and on the outer perimeter. This will allow the
bonding process to continue. Once puddling occurs at the outer edges of the patch, the bonding process is finished.
TESTING THE PATCH
To insure there is a pinhole-free environment, spark testing is recommended. This method will require a Elco 236 Tester. Please
consult Viron® International Corporation for complete spark testing procedures and recommendations.
TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE
Please contact Viron® International Corporation with any questions or comments. MSDS sheets are readily made available.
VIRON® INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION
505 Hintz Road · Owosso, MI 48867
Phone: 989-723-8255 · Fax: 989-723-8417
VIRON INTERNATIONAL CORP.
REV. 4 / 2000
Contractor Supplied ( * )