®
HSPICE
Quick Reference Guide
Version X-2005.09, September 2005
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HSPICE Quick Reference Guide, Version X-2005.09
HSPICE Quick Reference Guide
Table of Contents
Introduction
1
Input and Output Files
2
Behavior Macromodeling
5
Controlling Input
22
Analyzing Data
46
Optimizing Data
63
Output Format
66
Introduction
This Quick Reference Guide is a condensed version of
the HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User Guide,
HSPICE Applications Manual, and HSPICE Command
Reference. For more specific details and examples refer
to the relevant manual.
Syntax Notation
xxx, yyy, zzz
Arbitrary alphanumeric strings
< ... >
Optional data fields are enclosed in angle
brackets < >. All other symbols and
punctuation are required.
UPPERCASE
Keywords, parameter names, etc. are
represented in uppercase.
lowercase
Variables; should be replaced with a numeric
or symbolic value.
...
Any number of parameters of the form shown
can be entered.
+
Continuation of the preceding line.
The meaning of a parameter may depend on its location
in the statement. Be sure that a complete set of
parameters is entered in the correct sequence before
running the simulation.
Common Abbreviations
Å
Angstrom
amp
ampere
cm
centimeter
deg
degree Centigrade (unless specified as Kelvin)
ev
electron volt
F
farad
H
Henry
m
meter
s
second
V
volt
Introduction
1
Input and Output Files
General Form
/usr/george/mydesign.sp
/usr/george/
The design path.
mydesign
The design name.
mydesign
The design root.
tr0
The suffix.
File Name Suffix
X increments for each .TEMP or .ALTER. X can be one
of the characters 0-9999.
Input:
input netlist
.sp
design
configuration
.cfg
Output
(X is alter number, usually 0)
(N is the statement number in one netlist, starting at
0).
graph data
.trX (transient analysis)
.swX (dc sweep)
.acX (ac analysis)
.mtX (tran Measure)
.msX (dc Measure)
.maX (ac Measure)
.pwlN_trX (from .STIM <TRAN> PWL)
.datN_trX (from .STIM TRAN DATA)
.datN_acX (from .STIM AC DATA)
.datN_swX (from .STIM DC DATA)
.vecN_trX (from .STIM <TRAN> VEC)
hardcopy data .grX (from .GRAPH)
2
Input and Output Files
Input Netlist File
For a complete description of HSPICE installation,
system configuration, setup and basic operation, please
refer to the HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
HSPICE now accepts input line lengths of 1024
characters.
Sample Input Netlist File Structure
.TITLE
Implicit first line; becomes input netlist file title.
* or $
Comments to describe the circuit.
.OPTION
<.TRAN> <.AC>
<.DC> <.OP>
Set conditions for simulation analysis.
.TEMPERATURE Sets the circuit temperatures for the entire circuit
simulation.
.PRINT/.PLOT/
Sets print, plot, graph, and probe variables.
.GRAPH/.PROBE
.IC or .NODESET
Sets input state; can also be put in initial
conditions.
SOURCES
Sets input stimulus.
NETLIST
Circuit description.
.MACRO libraries
.LIBRARY and .INC.
<.PROTECT>
Suppresses the printout of the text from the list
file.
<.UNPROTECT>
Restores output printback.
.ALTER
Sequence for inline case analysis.
.PARAMETER
Defines a parameter.
.END
Terminates any ALTERs and the simulation.
Numeric Scale Factors
A number may be an integer, a floating point number, an
integer or floating point number followed by an integer
exponent, or an integer or floating point number followed
by one of the scale factors listed below.
A
=1e-18
F
=1e-15
P
=1e-12
N
=1e-9
Input and Output Files
3
U
=1e-6
M
=1e-3
K
=1e3
MEG (or X)
=1e6
MI
=25.4e6
G
=1e9
Algebraic Expressions
In addition to simple arithmetic operations (+, -, *, /), the
following quoted string functions may be used:
sin(x)
sinh(x)
abs(x)
cos(x)
cosh(x)
min(x,y) tan(x)
tanh(x)
max(x,y)
atan(x)
sqrt(x)
db(x)
log(x)
log10(x)
exp(x)
pwr(x,y) pow(x,y)
or
or
pwrx**y powx**y
Algebraic Expressions as Input
General Form
‘algebraic expression’
Either single (‘ ’) or double (“ ”) quotes may be used.
Algebraic Expressions as Output
General Form
PAR (‘algebraic expression’)
The left and right parentheses are mandatory.
Equation Constants
εo
Vacuum permittivity=8.854e-12 F/m
εox
3.453143e-11 F/m
εsi
1.0359e-10 F/m dielectric constant of silicon
f
Frequency
k
1.38062e-23 - Boltzmann’s constant
q
1.60212e-19 - Electron charge
t
Temperature in degrees Kelvin
∆t
4
t - tnom
Input and Output Files
tnom
Nominal temperature in degrees Kelvin (user-input
in degrees C). Tnom = 273.15 + TNOM
vt(t)
k ⋅ t/q Thermal voltage
vt(tnom)
k ⋅ tnom/q Thermal voltage
Behavior Macromodeling
HSPICE performs the following types of behavioral
modeling.
Subcircuit/Macros
.SUBCKT or .MACRO Statement
General Form
.SUBCKT subnam n1 <n2 n3 …>
+ <parnam=val …>
Or
.MACRO subnam n1 <n2 n3 …>
+ <parnam=val …>
n1 …
Node numbers for external reference
parnam
A parameter name set to a value or another
parameter
subnam
Reference name for the subcircuit model call
See “.SUBCKT” or “.MACRO” in the HSPICE Command
Reference.
.ENDS or .EOM Statement
General Form
.ENDS <SUBNAM>
Or
.EOM <SUBNAM>
See “.ENDS” or “.EOM” in the HSPICE Command
Reference.
Subcircuit Calls
General
Form
Xyyy n1 <n2 n3 …> subnam
+ <parnam=val …> <M=val>
M
Multiplier
n1 …
Node names for external reference
parnam
A parameter name set to a value for use only in the
subcircuit
Behavior Macromodeling
5
subnam
Subcircuit model reference name
Xyyy
Subcircuit element name
See “Subcircuit Call Statement” in the HSPICE
Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
Voltage and Current Controlled Elements
HSPICE supports the following voltage and current
controlled elements. For detailed information, see
“Voltage and Current Controlled Elements” in the
HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
E Elements
Voltage Controlled Voltage Source—VCVS
Linear
General Form
Exxx n+ n- <VCVS> in+ in- gain
+ <MAX=val> <MIN=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <TC1=val> <TC2=val><ABS=1>
+ <IC=val>
Polynomial
General Form
Exxx n+ n- <VCVS> POLY(NDIM) in1+
+ in1- ... inndim+ inndim+ <TC1=val> <TC2=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <MAX=val> <MIN=val> <ABS=1>
+ p0 <p1…> <IC=val>
Piecewise Linear
General Form
6
Exxx n+ n- <VCVS> PWL(1) in+
+ in- <DELTA=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <TC1=val> <TC2=val> x1,y1
+ x2,y2 ... x100,y100
+ <IC=val>
Behavior Macromodeling
Multi-Input Gates
General Form
Exxx n+ n- <VCVS> gatetype(k)
+ in1+ in1- ... inj+ inj+ <DELTA=val> <TC1=val>
+ <TC2=val> <SCALE=val>
+ x1,y1 ... x100,y100
+ <IC=val>
Delay Element
General Form
Exxx n+ n- <VCVS> DELAY in+
+ in- TD=val <SCALE=val>
+ <TC1=val> <TC2=val>
+ <NPDELAY=val>
See “Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source (VCVS)” in the
HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
Behavioral Voltage Source
General Form
Exxx n+ n- VOL=’equation’
+ <MAX=val> <MIN=val>
See “Voltage and Current Controlled Elements” in the
HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
Ideal Op-Amp
General Form
Exxx n+ n- OPAMP in+ in-
See “Ideal Op-Amp” in the HSPICE Simulation and
Analysis User Guide.
Ideal Transformer
General Form
Exxx n+ n- TRANSFORMER in+ in- k
See “Ideal Transformer” in the HSPICE Simulation and
Analysis User Guide.
E Element Parameters
Parameter
Description
ABS
Output is absolute value if ABS=1.
DELAY
Keyword for the delay element.
DELTA
Controls the curvature of the piecewise linear
corners.
Behavior Macromodeling
7
Parameter
Description
Exxx
Voltage-controlled element name.
gain
Voltage gain.
gatetype(k)
Can be AND, NAND, OR, or NOR.
IC
Initial condition.
in +/-
Positive or negative controlling nodes.
k
Ideal transformer turn ratio.
MAX
Maximum output voltage value.
MIN
Minimum output voltage value.
n+/-
Positive or negative node of a controlled element.
NDIM
Number of polynomial dimensions.
NPDELAY
Sets the number of data points to use in delay
simulations.
OPAMP
Keyword for an ideal op-amp element.
P0, P1…
Polynomial coefficients.
POLY
Polynomial keyword.
PWL
Piecewise linear function keyword.
SCALE
Element value multiplier.
TC1, TC2
First-order and second-order temperature
coefficients.
TD
Time (propagation) delay keyword.
TRANSFORMER Keyword for an ideal transformer.
VCVS
Keyword for a voltage-controlled voltage source.
x1,…
Controlling voltage across the in+ and in- nodes.
y1,…
Corresponding element values of x.
See “E Element Parameters” in the HSPICE Simulation
and Analysis User Guide.
F Elements
Current Controlled Current Sources—CCCS
Linear
General Form
8
Fxxx n+ n- <CCCS> vn1 gain
+ <MAX=val> <MIN=val>
+ <SCALE=val> <TC1=val>
+ <TC2=val> <M=val> <ABS=1>
+ <IC=val>
Behavior Macromodeling
Polynomial
General Form
Fxxx n+ n- <CCCS> POLY(ndim)
+ vn1 <... vnndim> <MAX=val>
+ <MIN=val> <TC1=val>
+ <TC2=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <M=val> <ABS=1> p0 <p1…>
+ <IC=val>
Piecewise Linear
General Form
Fxxx n+ n- <CCCS> PWL(1) vn1
+ <DELTA=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <TC1=val> <TC2=val> <M=val>
+ x1,y1 ... x100,y100
+ <IC=val>
Multi-Input Gates
General Form
Fxxx n+ n- <CCCS> gatetype(k)
+ vn1, ... vnk <DELTA=val>
+ <SCALE=val> <TC1=val>
+ <TC2=val> <M=val> <ABS=1>
+ x1,y1 ... x100,y100
+ <IC=val>
Delay Element
General Form
Fxxx n+ n- <CCCS> DELAY vn1
+ TD=val <SCALE=val>
+ <TC1=val> <TC2=val>
+ NPDELAY=val
See “Current-Controlled Current Source (CCCS)” in the
HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
F Element Parameters
Parameter Heading
ABS
Output is absolute value if ABS=1.
CCCS
Keyword for current-controlled current source.
DELAY
Keyword for the delay element.
DELTA
Controls the curvature of piecewise linear corners.
Fxxx
Current-controlled current source element name.
gain
Current gain.
gatetype(k)
Can be AND, NAND, OR, or NOR.
Behavior Macromodeling
9
Parameter Heading
IC
Initial condition (estimate).
M
Number of element replications in parallel.
MAX
Maximum output current value.
MIN
Minimum output current value.
n+/-
Positive or negative controlled source connecting
nodes.
NDIM
Number of polynomial dimensions. Must be a positive
number. Default=one dimension.
NPDELAY
Number of data points to use in delay simulations.
P0, P1…
Polynomial coefficients.
POLY
Polynomial keyword.
PWL
Piecewise linear function keyword.
SCALE
Element value multiplier.
TC1, TC2
First-order and second-order temperature coefficients.
TD
Time (propagation) delay keyword.
vn1…
Names of voltage sources, through which the
controlling current flows.
x1,…
Controlling current, through the vn1 source.
y1,…
Corresponding output current values of x.
See “F Element Parameters” in the HSPICE Simulation
and Analysis User Guide.
G Elements
Voltage Controlled Current Source—VCCS
Linear
General
Form
10
Gxxx n+ n- <VCCS> in+ in+ transconductance <MAX=val>
+ <MIN=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <M=val> <TC1=val> <TC2=val>
+ <ABS=1> <IC=val>
Behavior Macromodeling
Polynomial
General
Form
Gxxx n+ n- <VCCS> POLY(NDIM)
+ in1+ in1- ...
+ <inndim+ inndim-> MAX=val>
+ <MIN=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <M=val> <TC1=val> <TC2=val>
+ <ABS=1> P0<P1…> <IC=vals>
Piecewise Linear
General
Form
Gxxx n+ n- <VCCS> PWL(1) in+
+ in- <DELTA=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <M=val> <TC1=val> <TC2=val>
+ x1,y1 x2,y2 ... x100,y100
+ <IC=val> <SMOOTH=val>
Or
Gxxx n+ n- <VCCS> NPWL(1) in+
+ in- <DELTA=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <M=val> <TC1=val><TC2=val>
+ x1,y1 x2,y2 ... x100,y100
+ <IC=val> <SMOOTH=val>
Or
Gxxx n+ n- <VCCS> PPWL(1) in+
+ in- <DELTA=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <M=val> <TC1=val> <TC2=val>
+ x1,y1 x2,y2 ... x100,y100
+ <IC=val> <SMOOTH=val>
Multi-Input Gates
General
Form
Gxxx n+ n- <VCCS> gatetype(k)
+ in1+ in1- ... ink+ ink+ <DELTA=val> <TC1=val>
+ <TC2=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <M=val> x1,y1 ...
+ x100,y100<IC=val>
Delay Element
General
Form
Gxxx n+ n- <VCCS> DELAY in+
+ in- TD=val <SCALE=val>
+ <TC1=val> <TC2=val>
+ NPDELAY=val
See “Voltage-Controlled Current Source (VCCS)” in the
HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
Behavior Macromodeling
11
Behavioral Current Source
General
Form
Gxxx n+ n- CUR=’equation’
+<MAX>=val> <MIN=val> <M=val>
+<SCALE=val>
See “Behavioral Current Source” in the HSPICE
Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
Voltage Controlled Resistor—VCR
Linear
General
Form
Gxxx n+ n- VCR in+ in+ transfactor <MAX=val>
+ <MIN=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <M=val> <TC1=val> <TC2=val>
+ <IC=val>
Polynomial
General
Form
Gxxx n+ n- VCR POLY(NDIM) in1+
+ in1- ... <inndim+ inndim->
+ <MAX=val> <MIN=val>
+ <SCALE=val> <M=val>
+ <TC1=val> <TC2=val>
+ P0 <P1…> <IC=vals>
Piecewise Linear
General
Form
Or
Or
12
Gxxx n+ n- VCR PWL(1) in+ in+ <DELTA=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <M=val> <TC1=val> <TC2=val>
+ x1,y1 x2,y2 ... x100,y100
+ <IC=val> <SMOOTH=val>
Gxxx n+ n- VCR NPWL(1) in+ in+ <DELTA=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <M=val> <TC1=val> <TC2=val>
+ x1,y1 x2,y2 ... x100,y100
+ <IC=val> <SMOOTH=val>
Gxxx n+ n- VCR PPWL(1) in+ in+ <DELTA=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <M=val> <TC1=val> <TC2=val>
+ x1,y1 x2,y2 ... x100,y100
+ <IC=val> <SMOOTH=val>
Behavior Macromodeling
Multi-Input Gates
General
Form
Gxxx n+ n- VCR gatetype(k)
+ in1+ in1- ... ink+ ink+ <DELTA=val> <TC1=val>
+ <TC2=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <M=val> x1,y1 ... x100,y100
+ <IC=val>
See “Voltage-Controlled Resistor (VCR)” in the HSPICE
Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
Voltage Controlled Capacitors—VCCAP
General Form
Gxxx n+ n- VCCAP PWL(1) in+
+ in- <DELTA=val>
+ <SCALE=val> <M=val>
+ <TC1=val> <TC2=val>
+ x1,y1 x2,y2 ... x100,y100
+ <IC=val> <SMOOTH=val>
See “Voltage-Controlled Capacitor (VCCAP)” in the
HSPICE Simulation and Analysis Manual.
G Element Parameters
Parameter Description
ABS
Output is absolute value, if ABS=1.
CUR=
equation
Current output which flows from n+ to n-.
DELAY
Keyword for the delay element.
DELTA
Controls the curvature of the piecewise linear corners.
Gxxx
Voltage-controlled element name.
gatetype(k)
Can be AND, NAND, OR, or NOR.
IC
Initial condition.
in +/-
Positive or negative controlling nodes.
M
Number of element replications in parallel.
MAX
Maximum current or resistance value.
MIN
Minimum current or resistance value.
n+/-
Positive or negative node of the controlled element.
NDIM
Number of polynomial dimensions.
NPDELAY
Sets the number of data points to use in delay
simulations.
NPWL
Models the symmetrical bidirectional switch or transfer
gate, NMOS.
Behavior Macromodeling
13
Parameter Description
p0, p1 …
Polynomial coefficients.
POLY
Polynomial keyword.
PWL
Piecewise linear function keyword.
PPWL
Models the symmetrical bidirectional switch or transfer
gate, PMOS.
SCALE
Element value multiplier.
SMOOTH
For piecewise-linear, dependent-source elements,
SMOOTH selects curve smoothing.
TC1,TC2
First- and second-order temperature coefficients.
TD
Time (propagation) delay keyword.
transconduct Voltage-to-current conversion factor.
-ance
transfactor
Voltage-to-resistance conversion factor.
VCCAP
Keyword for voltage-controlled capacitance element.
VCCS
Keyword for voltage-controlled current source.
VCR
Keyword for the voltage controlled resistor element.
x1, ...
Controlling voltage, across the in+ and in- nodes.
y1, ...
Corresponding element values of x.
See “G Element Parameters” in the HSPICE Simulation
and Analysis User Guide.
H Elements
Current Controlled Voltage Source—CCVS
Linear
General
Form
Hxxx n+ n- <CCVS> vn1
+ transresistance <MAX=val>
+ <MIN=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <TC1=val><TC2=val> <ABS=1>
+ <IC=val>
Polynomial
General
Form
14
Hxxx n+ n- <CCVS> POLY(NDIM)
+ vn1 <... vnndim> <MAX=val>
+ <MIN=val> <TC1=val>
+ <TC2=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <ABS=1> P0 <P1…> <IC=val>
Behavior Macromodeling
Piecewise Linear
General
Form
Hxxx n+ n- <CCVS> PWL(1) vn1
+ <DELTA=val> <SCALE=val>
+ <TC1=val> <TC2=val> x1,y1 ...
+ x100,y100 <IC=val>
Multi-Input Gates
General
Form
Hxxx n+ n- gatetype(k)
+ vn1, ... vnk <DELTA=val>
+ <SCALE=val> <TC1=val>
+ <TC2=val> x1,y1 ...
+ x100,y100 <IC=val>
Delay Element
General
Form
Hxxx n+ n- <CCVS> DELAY vn1
+ TD=val <SCALE=val><TC1=val>
+ <TC2=val> <NPDELAY=val>
See “Current-Controlled Voltage Source (CCVS)” in the
HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
H Element Parameters
Parameter Description
ABS
Output is absolute value if ABS=1.
CCVS
Keyword for current-controlled voltage source.
DELAY
Keyword for the delay element.
DELTA
Controls the curvature of piecewise linear corners.
gatetype(k)
Can be AND, NAND, OR, or NOR.
Hxxx
Current-controlled voltage source element name.
IC
Initial condition.
MAX
Maximum voltage value.
MIN
Minimum voltage value.
n+/-
Positive or negative controlled source connecting
nodes.
NDIM
Number of polynomial dimensions.
NPDELAY
Number of data points to use in delay simulations.
P0, P1…
Polynomial coefficients.
POLY
Polynomial dimension.
PWL
Piecewise linear function keyword.
Behavior Macromodeling
15
Parameter Description
SCALE
Element value multiplier.
TC1, TC2
First-order and second-order temperature coefficients.
TD
Time (propagation) delay keyword.
transresistance
Current-to-voltage conversion factor.
vn1…
Names of voltage sources, through which the
controlling current flows.
x1,…
Controlling current, through the vn1 source.
y1,…
Corresponding output voltage values of x.
See “H Element Parameters” in the HSPICE Simulation
and Analysis User Guide.
Op-Amp Element Statement
COMP=0
xa1 in- in+ out vcc vee modelname AV=val
Or
COMP=1
xa1 in- in+ out comp1 comp2 vcc vee modelname
AV=val
in+
Noninverting input
in-
Inverting input
modelname
Subcircuit reference name
out
Output, single ended
vcc
Positive supply
vee
Negative supply
See “Op-Amp Element Statement Format” in the HSPICE
Applications Manual.
Op-Amp .MODEL Statement
General
Form
.MODEL mname AMP parameter=value …
AMP
Identifies an amplifier model
mname
Model name. Elements reference the model by this
name.
parameter
Any model parameter described below
value
Value assigned to a parameter
See “Op-Amp .MODEL Statement Format” in the
HSPICE Applications Manual.
16
Behavior Macromodeling
P Element
Ports
General Pxxx p n port=portnumber
Form
+ $ **** Voltage or Power Information ********
+ <DC mag> <AC <mag <phase>>>
+ <HBAC <mag <phase>>> <HB <mag <phase <harm
+ <tone <modharm <modtone>>>>>>>
+ <transient_waveform> <TRANFORHB=[0|1]>
+ <DCOPEN=[0|1]>
+ $ **** Source Impedance Information ********
+ <Z0=val> <RDC=val> <RAC=val>
+ <RHBAC=val> <RHB=val> <RTRAN=val>
+ $ **** Power Switch ********
+ <power=[1|0]>
P Element Parameters
Parameter
Description
port=portnumber
The port number. The ports are numbered
sequentially beginning with 1 with no shared
port numbers.
<DC mag>
DC voltage or power source value.
<AC <mag
<phase>>>
AC voltage or power source value.
<HBAC <mag
<phase>>>
(HSPICE RF) HBAC voltage or power source
value.
<HB <mag <phase
<harm <tone
<modharm
<modtone>>>>>>>
(HSPICE RF) HB voltage, current, or power
source value. Multiple HB specifications with
different harm, tone, modharm, and modtone
values are allowed.
phase is in degrees
harm and tone are indices corresponding to the
tones specified in the .HB statement. Indexing
starts at 1 (corresponding to the first harmonic of
a tone).
modtone and modharm specify sources for
multi-tone simulation. A source specifies a tone
and a harmonic, and up to 1 offset tone and
harmonic (modtone for tones and modharm for
harmonics). The signal is then described as:
V(or I) = mag*cos(2*pi*
(harm*tone+modharm*modtone)*t + phase)
<transient
waveform>
(Transient analysis) Voltage or power source
waveform. Any one of waveforms: AM, EXP,
PULSE, PWL, SFFM, or SIN. Multiple transient
descriptions are not allowed.
Behavior Macromodeling
17
Parameter
Description
TRANFORHB=[0|1] 0 (default): The transient description is ignored if
an HB value is given or a DC value is given. If no
DC or HB value is given and TRANFORHB=0,
then HB treats the source as a DC source, and
the DC source value is the time=0 value.
1: HB analysis uses the transient description if
its value is VMRF, SIN, PULSE, PWL, or LFSR.
If the type is a non-repeating PWL source, then
the time=infinity value is used as a DC source
value. To override the global TRANFORHB
option, explicitly set TRANFORHB for a voltage
or current source.
DCOPEN
Switch for open DC connection when DC mag is
not set.
0 (default): P element behaves as an impedance
termination.
1 : P element is considered an open circuit in DC
operating point analysis. DCOPEN=1 is mainly
used in .LIN analysis so the P element will not
affect the self-biasing device under test by
opening the termination at the operating point.
<z0=val>
(LIN analysis) System impedance used when
converting to a power source, inserted in series
with the voltage source. Currently, this only
supports real impedance.
When power=0, z0 defaults to 0.
When power=1, z0 defaults to 50 ohms.
You can also enter zo=val.
18
<RDC=val>
(DC analysis) Series resistance (overrides z0).
<RAC=val>
(AC analysis) Series resistance (overrides z0).
<RHBAC=val>
(HSPICE RF HBAC analysis) Series resistance
(overrides z0).
<RHB=val>
(HSPICE RF HB analysis) Series resistance
(overrides z0).
<RTRAN=val>
(Transient analysis) Series resistance (overrides
z0).
Behavior Macromodeling
Parameter
Description
<power=[0 | 1 | 2 |
W | dbm]>
(HSPICE RF) Power Switch
When 0 (default), element treated as a voltage
or current source.
When 1 or W, element treated as a power
source, realized as a voltage source with a
series impedance. In this case, the source value
is interpreted as RMS available power in units of
Watts.
When 2 or dbm, element treated as a power
source in series with the port imedance. Values
are in dbms.
You can use this parameter for Transient
analysis if the power source is either DC or SIN.
S Element
Transmission Line
General
Form
Sxxx nd1 nd2 ... ndN ndRef
+ <MNAME=Smodel_name>
+ <FQMODEL=sp_model_name>
+ <TYPE=[s | y]> <Zo=[value | vector_value]>
+ <FBASE = base_frequency>
+ <FMAX=maximum_frequency>
+ <PRECFAC=val>
+ <DELAYHANDLE=[1 | 0 | ON | OFF]>
+ <DELAYFREQ=val>
+ <INTERPOLATION=STEP | LINEAR | SPLINE>
+ <INTDATTYP =[RI | MA | DBA]>
+ <HIGHPASS=val>
+ <LOWPASS=val> <MIXEDMODE=[0 | 1]>
+ <DATATYPE=data_string>
+ <NOISE=[1 | 0]> <DTEMP=val>
S Element Parameters
Parameter
Description
nd1 nd2 ... ndN
N terminal nodes.
nd_ref
Reference node.
MNAME
S model name, which is used to refer to an S
model.
FQMODEL
.MODEL statement of sp type, which defines
the frequency behavior of the S or Y
parameter.
Behavior Macromodeling
19
Parameter
Description
TYPE
Parameter type:
S (scattering) (default)
Y (admittance)
Z (impedance)
Zo
Characteristic impedance value for the
reference line (frequency-independent). For
multiple terminals (N>1), HSPICE or
HSPICE RF assumes that the characteristic
impedance matrix of the reference lines is
diagonal, and that you set diagonal values to
Zo. To specify more general types of
reference lines, use Zof. The default is 50.
FBASE
The base frequency. This value becomes
the base frequency point for the Inverse
Fourier Transformation. If you do not set this
value, the base frequency is a reciprocal
value of the transient period.
FMAX
Maximum frequency use in transient
analysis. HSPICE uses the value as the
maximum frequency point for Inverse
Fourier Transformation.
PRECFAC
A precondition factor keyword used for the
precondition process of the S parameter. A
precondition is used to avoid an infinite
admittance matrix. The default is 0.75, which
is good for most cases.
DELAYHANDLE
Delay handler for transmission-line type
parameters. Set DELAYHANDLE to ON (or
1) to turn on the delay handle; set
DELAYHANDLE to OFF (or 0) to turn off the
delay handle (default).
DELAYFREQ
Delay frequency for transmission-line type
parameters. The default is FMAX. If the
DELAYHANDLE is set to OFF, but
DELAYFREQ is nonzero, HSPICE still
simulates the S element in delay mode.
INTERPOLATION
The interpolation method:
STEP: piecewise step
LINEAR: piecewise linear (default)
SPLINE: b-spline curve fit
20
Behavior Macromodeling
Parameter
Description
INTDATTYPE
Data type for the linear interpolation of the
complex data.
RI: real-imaginary based interpolation
MA: magnitude-angle based interpolation
(default)
DBA: dB-angle based interpolation
HIGHPASS
Method to extrapolate higher frequency
points.
0: cut off
1: use highest frequency point
2: perform linear extrapolation using the
highest 2 points
3: apply the window function to gradually
approach the cut-off level (default)
LOWPASS
Method to extrapolate lower frequency
points.
0: cut off
1: use the magnitude of the lowest point
2: perform linear extrapolation using the
magnitude of the lowest two points
MIXEDMODE
Set to 1 if the parameters are represented in
the mixed mode.
DATATYPE
A string used to determine the order of the
indices of the mixed-signal incident or
reflected vector. The string must be an array
of a letter and a number (Xn) where:
X = D to indicate a differential term
= C to indicate a common term
= S to indicate a single (grounded) term
n = the port number
NOISE
Activates thermal noise.
1: element generates thermal noise
0 (default): element is considered noiseless
DTEMP
Temperature difference between the
element and the circuit. Expressed in °C.
The default is 0.0.
Behavior Macromodeling
21
Controlling Input
For complete definitions, see the HSPICE Simulation and
Analysis User Guide, “Specifying Simulation Input and
Controls.”
.OPTION Statement
General
Form
.OPTION opt1 <opt2 opt3 …>
opt1 …
Specifies any input control options.
See “.OPTION” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
General Control (I/O) Options
Option
Description
ACCT
Reports job accounting and runtime statistics,
at the end of the output listing.
ACOUT
AC output calculation method for the
difference in values of magnitude, phase, and
decibels for prints and plots.
ALT999, ALT9999
This option is no longer necessary and is
ignored because HSPICE accepts any number
of .ALTER statements without overwriting files
beyond the 36th .ALTER statement.
ALTCC
Enables only reading the input netlist once for
multiple .ALTER statements.
ALTCHK
Disables topology checking in elements
redefined by the .ALTER statement.
BEEP
BEEP=1 sounds an audible tone when
simulation returns a message, such as “info:
HSPICE job completed.”
BEEP=0 turns off the audible tone.
22
BINPRINT
Outputs binning parameters of the CMI
MOSFET model. Currently available only for
Level 57.
BRIEF, NXX
Stops print back of data file until HSPICE or
HSPICE RF finds an .OPTION BRIEF = 0, or
the .END statement.
CO = x
Sets the number of columns for printout: x can
be either 80 (for narrow printout) or 132 (for
wide carriage printouts).
Controlling Input
Option
Description
INGOLD = x
Specifies the printout data format.
LENNAM = x
Maximum length of names in the printout of
operating point analysis results.
LIST
Produces an element summary of the input
data to print.
MEASDGT = x
Formats the .MEASURE statement output in
both the listing file and the .MEASURE output
files (.ma0, .mt0, .ms0, and so on).
NODE
Prints a node cross reference table.
NOELCK
Bypasses element checking to reduce preprocessing time for very large files.
NOMOD
Suppresses printout of model parameters
NOPAGE
Suppresses page ejects for title headings
NOTOP
Suppresses topology checks to increase
speed for pre-processing very large files
NUMDGT = x
Number of significant digits to print for output
variable values.
NXX
Same as BRIEF. See BRIEF.
OPFILE = x
Outputs the operating point information to a
new file.
OPTLST = x
Outputs additional optimization information:
0
No information (default).
1
Prints parameter, Broyden update, and
bisection results information.
2
Prints gradient, error, Hessian, and
iteration
information.
3
Prints all of the above, and Jacobian.
OPTS
Prints the current settings for all control
options.
PATHNUM
Prints subcircuit path numbers, instead of path
names
PLIM = x
Specifies plot size limits for current and
voltage plots.
POSTTOP=n
Outputs instances, up to n levels deep.
.OPTION POST saves all nodes, at all levels
of hierarchy.
.OPTION POSTTOP or .OPTION
POSTTOP=1 saves only the TOP node.
.OPTION POSTTOP=2 saves only nodes at
the top two levels.
Controlling Input
23
Option
Description
POST_VERSION = x Sets the post-processing output version with
values x=9601, 9007, or 2001.
STATFL
Controls if HSPICE creates a .st0 file.
statfl=0 (default) outputs a .st0 file.
statfl=1 suppresses the .st0 file.
SEARCH
Search path for libraries and included files.
See “General Control Options” in the HSPICE Command
Reference.
CPU Options
Option
Description
CPTIME = x
Maximum CPU time in seconds, allotted for this
simulation job.
EPSMIN = x
Smallest number that a computer can add or subtract,
a constant value.
EXPMAX = x Largest exponent that you can use for an exponential,
before overflow occurs.
LIMTIM = x
Amount of CPU time reserved to generate prints and
plots, if a CPU time limit (CPTIME = x) terminates
simulation.
See “CPU Options” in the HSPICE Simulation and
Analysis User Guide.
Interface Options
24
Option
Description
ARTIST = x
ARTIST = 2 enables Cadence Analog Artist
interface. Requires a specific license.
CDS, SDA
CDS = 2 produces a Cadence WSF (ASCII format)
post-analysis file for Opus. Requires a specific
license.
CSDF
Selects Common Simulation Data Format (Viewlogiccompatible graph data file).
DLENCSDF
How many digits to use with Viewlogic-compatible
graph data file format.
MEASOUT
Outputs .MEASURE statement values and sweep
parameters into an ASCII file for post-analysis
processing using AvanWaves or other analysis tools.
Controlling Input
Option
Description
MENTOR = x
MENTOR = 2 enables the Mentor MSPICEcompatible (ASCII) interface. Requires a specific
license.
MONTECON
Continues Monte Carlo analysis. Retrieves next
random value, even if non-convergence occurs.
POST = x
Stores simulation results for analysis by using
AvanWaves interface or other methods.
POST = 1 saves results in binary.
POST = 2 saves results in ASCII.
POST = 3 saves results in New Wave binary format.
PROBE
Limits post-analysis output to only variables specified
in .PROBE, .PRINT, .PLOT, and .GRAPH
statements.
PSF = x
Specifies if HSPICE or HSPICE RF outputs binary or
ASCII data from the Parameter Storage Format.
SDA
Same as CDS. See CDS.
ZUKEN = x
If x is 2, enables Zuken interactive interface.
If x is 1 (default), disables this interface.
See “Interface Options” in the HSPICE Command
Reference.
Analysis Options
Option
Description
ASPEC
Sets HSPICE or HSPICE RF to ASPECcompatibility mode.
FFTOUT
Prints 30 harmonic fundamentals, sorted by
size, THD, SNR, and SFDR. You can use this
option in HSPICE, but not in HSPICE RF.
LIMPTS = x
Number of points to print or plot in AC
analysis.
NOISEMINFREQ = x Specifies the minimum frequency of noise
analysis. Default = 1e-5.
PARHIER
Selects parameter-passing rules that control
evaluation order of subcircuit parameters.
SPICE
Makes HSPICE compatible with Berkeley
SPICE.
SEED
Starting seed for a random-number generator
for Monte Carlo analysis.
See “Analysis Options” in the HSPICE Command
Reference.
Controlling Input
25
Error Options
Option
Description
BADCHR
Generates a warning when it finds a non-printable
character in an input file.
DIAGNOSTIC
Logs negative model conductances.
NOWARN
Suppresses all warning messages, except those
generated from statements in .ALTER blocks.
WARNLIMIT = x Limits how many times certain warnings appear in
the output listing. This reduces the output listing file
size.
See “Error Options” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Version Options
Option
Description
H9007
Sets default values for general-control options to
correspond to the values for HSPICE Release
H9007D.
See “Version Options” in the HSPICE Command
Reference.
Model Analysis Options
See “Model Analysis Options” in the HSPICE Command
Reference.
General Options
Option
Description
DCAP
Selects equations to calculate depletion capacitance
for LEVEL 1 or 3 diodes, BJTs.
HIER_SCALE Defines how HSPICE or HSPICE RF interprets the S
parameter as a user-defined parameter or an
HSPICE scale parameter.
26
MODSRH
If MODSRH=1, HSPICE or HSPICE RF does not
load or reference a model described in a .MODEL
statement, if the netlist does not use that model. This
option can shorten simulation run time. Default is
MODSRH=0.
SCALE
Element scaling factor.
TNOM
Reference temperature for simulation.
Controlling Input
Option
Description
MODMONTE
If MODMONTE=1, then each device receives a
different random value for its Monte Carlo
parameters.
If MODMONTE=0 (default), then each device
receives the same random value for its Monte Carlo
parameters. HSPICE RF does not support Monte
Carlo analysis.
MOSFET Control Options
Option
Description
CVTOL
Changes the number of numerical integration steps
when calculating gate capacitor charge for a
MOSFET by using CAPOP = 3.
DEFAD
Default value for MOSFET drain diode area.
DEFAS
Default value for MOSFET source diode area.
DEFL
Default value for MOSFET channel length.
DEFNRD
Default number of squares for drain resistor on a
MOSFET.
DEFNRS
Default number of squares for source resistor on a
MOSFET.
DEFPD
Default MOSFET drain diode perimeter.
DEFPS
Default MOSFET source diode perimeter.
DEFW
Default MOSFET channel width.
SCALM
Model scaling factor.
WL
Reverses specified order in the VSIZE MOS
element. Default order is length-width; changes
order to width-length.
WNFLAG=[0|1]
(BSIM4 models). Used to globally turn on the
WNFLAG instance parameter. Local definition
takes precedence.
See “MOSFET Control Options” in the HSPICE
Command Reference.
Controlling Input
27
Inductor Options
You can use the following inductor options in HSPICE,
but not in HSPICE RF:
GENK
Automatically computes second-order mutual
inductance for several coupled inductors.
KLIM
Minimum mutual inductance, below which automatic
second-order mutual inductance calculation no longer
proceeds.
BJT and Diode Options
EXPLI
Current-explosion model parameter. PN junction
characteristics above explosion current are linear.
DC Solution Control Options
28
Option
Description
ABSH = x
Sets the absolute current change, through voltagedefined branches (voltage sources and inductors).
ABSI = x
Sets the absolute branch current error tolerance in
diodes, BJTs, and JFETs during DC and transient
analysis.
ABSMOS = x
Current error tolerance (for MOSFET devices) in
DC or transient analysis.
ABSTOL = x
ABSTOL is an alias for ABSI. See ABSI.
ABSVDC = x
Sets the absolute minimum voltage for DC and
transient analysis.
DI = x
Sets the maximum iteration-to-iteration current
change, through voltage-defined branches (voltage
sources and inductors).
GDCPATH
Adds conductance to nodes having no DC path to
ground.
KCLTEST
Starts KCL (Kirchhoff’s Current Law) test.
MAXAMP = x
Sets the maximum current, through voltagedefined branches (voltage sources and inductors).
RELH = x
Relative current tolerance, through voltage-defined
branches (voltage sources and inductors).
RELI = x
Relative error/tolerance change, from iteration to
iteration. Determines convergence for all currents
in diode, BJT, and JFET devices.
RELMOS = x
Sets error tolerance (percent) for drain-to-source
current, from iteration to iteration. Determines
convergence for currents in MOSFET devices.
Controlling Input
Option
Description
RELV = x
Relative error tolerance for voltages.
RELVDC = x
Relative error tolerance for voltages.
See “DC Operating Point, DC Sweep, and Pole/Zero
Options” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Matrix Options
ITL1 = x
Maximum DC iteration limit.
ITL2 = x
Iteration limit for the DC transfer curve.
NOPIV
Prevents HSPICE from automatically switching to
pivoting matrix factors.
PIVOT = x
Selects a pivot algorithm.
PIVREF
Pivot reference.
PIVREL = x
Maximum/minimum row/matrix ratio.
PIVTOL = x
Absolute minimum value for which HSPICE or
HSPICE RF accepts a matrix entry as a pivot.
SPARSE = x
Same as PIVOT.
Pole/Zero I/O Options
CAPTAB
Prints table of single-plate node capacitance for
diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs, JFETs, and passive
capacitors at each operating point.
DCCAP
Generates C-V plots, and prints capacitance values of
a circuit (both model and element), during a DC
analysis.
OPFILE
The OPFILE option outputs the operating point
information to a new file.
VFLOOR = x
Minimum voltage to print in output listing.
DC Convergence Options
ABSTOL =
ABSTOL is an alias for ABSI. See ABSI.
CAPTAB
Prints table of single-plate node capacitance for
diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs, JFETs, and passive
capacitors at each operating point.
CONVERGE
Invokes different methods to solve non-convergence
problems
CSHDC
The same option as CSHUNT; use only with the
CONVERGE option.
Controlling Input
29
DCCAP
Generates C-V plots, and prints capacitance values of
a circuit (both model and element), during a DC
analysis.
DCFOR = x
Use with DCHOLD and .NODESET to enhance DC
convergence.
DCHOLD = x
Use DCFOR and DCHOLD together to initialize a DC
analysis.
DCIC = x
DC sweep analysis loads the initial conditions for DC
sweep points.
DCON = X
If a circuit cannot converge, HSPICE or HSPICE RF
automatically sets DCON = 1.
DCSTEP = x
Converts DC model and element capacitors to a
conductance to enhance DC convergence properties.
DCTRAN
DCTRAN is an alias for CONVERGE. See
CONVERGE.
DV = x
Maximum iteration-to-iteration voltage change for all
circuit nodes in both DC and transient analysis.
GMAX = x
Conductance in parallel with a current source for .IC
and .NODESET initialization circuitry.
GMINDC = x
Conductance in parallel to all pn junctions and all
MOSFET nodes for DC analysis.
GRAMP = x
HSPICE sets this value during autoconvergence.
GSHDC
Adds conductance from each node to ground when
calculating the DC operating point of the circuit (.OP).
Default=0.
GSHUNT
Adds conductance from each node to ground.
Default=0.
ICSWEEP
Saves current analysis result of parameter or
temperature sweep as the starting point in the next
analysis in the sweep.
ITLPTRAN
Controls the iteration limit used in the final try of the
pseudo-transient method in OP or DC analysis.
ITL1 = x
Maximum DC iteration limit.
ITL2 = x
Iteration limit for the DC transfer curve.
KCLTEST
Starts KCL (Kirchhoff’s Current Law) test.
MAXAMP = x
Sets the maximum current, through voltage-defined
branches (voltage sources and inductors).
NEWTOL
Calculates one more iterations past convergence for
every calculated DC solution and timepoint circuit
solution.
NOPIV
OFF
30
For all active devices, initializes terminal voltages to
zero, if you did not initialize them to other values.
Controlling Input
NOPIV
Prevents HSPICE from automatically switching to
pivoting matrix factors.
PIVREL = x
Maximum/minimum row/matrix ratio.
PIVTOL = x
Absolute minimum value for which HSPICE or
HSPICE RF accepts a matrix entry as a pivot.
RESMIN = x
Minimum resistance for all resistors, including
parasitic and inductive resistances.
SPARSE = x
Same as PIVOT.
SYMB = x
If you set the SYMB option to 1, HSPICE operates
with a symbolic operating point algorithm to get initial
guesses before calculating operating points.
Pole/Zero Control Options
Option
Description
CSCAL
Sets the capacitance scale. HSPICE multiplies
capacitances by CSCAL.
FMAX
Sets the maximum frequency of angular velocity for
poles and zeros.
FSCAL
Sets the frequency scale, by which HSPICE or
HSPICE RF multiplies the frequency.
GSCAL
Sets the conductance scale.
LSCAL
Sets the inductance scale.
PZABS
Absolute tolerances for poles and zeros.
PZTOL
Relative error tolerance for poles or zeros.
RITOL
Minimum ratio for (real/imaginary) or (imaginary/
real) parts of poles or zeros.
(X0R,X0I),
(X1R,X1I),
(X2R,X2I)
The three complex starting points in the Muller pole/
zero analysis algorithm.
See “Pole/Zero Control Options” in the HSPICE
Command Reference.
Transient and AC Control Options
Option
Description
ABSH = x
Sets the absolute current change, through voltagedefined branches (voltage sources and inductors).
ABSV = x
Same as VNTOL. See VNTOL.
ACCURATE
Selects a time algorithm; uses LVLTIM=3 and
DVDT = 2 for circuits such as high-gain
comparators. Default is 0.
Controlling Input
31
Option
Description
ACOUT
AC output calculation method for the difference in
values of magnitude, phase, and decibels. Use this
option for prints and plots. Default is 1.
CHGTOL = x
Sets a charge error tolerance if you set LVLTIM=2.
Default=1e-15 (coulomb).
CSHUNT
Adds capacitance from each node to ground.
Default=0.
DI = x
Maximum iteration-to-iteration current change,
through voltage-defined branches (voltage sources
and inductors). Default is 0.0.
GMIN = x
Minimum conductance added to all PN junctions for
a time sweep in transient analysis. Default is 1e-12.
GSHUNT
Adds conductance added from each node to ground.
Default=0.
MAXAMP = x
Maximum current, through voltage-defined branches
(voltage sources and inductors). If current exceeds
the MAXAMP value, HSPICE issues an error.
Default=0.0.
RELH = x
Relative current tolerance, through voltage-defined
branches (voltage sources and inductors). Default is
0.05.
RELI = x
Relative error/tolerance change, from iteration to
iteration. Default is 0.01 for KCLTEST=0 or 1e-6 for
KCLTEST=1.
RELQ = x
Used in timestep algorithm for local truncation error
(LVLTIM=2). Default=0.01.
RELTOL,
RELV
Relative error tolerance for voltages. Default is 1e-3.
RISETIME
Smallest risetime of a signal, .OPTION
RISETIME = x.
TRTOL = x
Used in timestep algorithm for local truncation error
(LVLTIM=2). Default=7.0.
VNTOL = x,
ABSV
Absolute minimum voltage for DC and transient
analysis. Default=50 (microvolts).
See “Transient and AC Small Signal Analysis Options” in
the HSPICE Command Reference.
Speed Options
32
AUTOSTOP
Stops transient analysis, after calculating all
TRIG-TARG, FIND-WHEN, and FROM-TO
measure functions.
BKPSIZ = x
Size of breakpoint table. Default=5000.
Controlling Input
BYPASS
To speed-up simulation, does not update status of
latent devices. Default is 1.
BYTOL = x
Voltage tolerance, at which a MOSFET, MESFET,
JFET, BJT, or diode becomes latent. Default is
MBYPASSxVNTOL.
FAST
To speed-up simulation, does not update status of
latent devices. Default is 0.
ITLPZ
Sets the iteration limit for pole/zero analysis.
Default is 100.
MBYPASS = x
Computes default of BYTOL control option.
Default is 1 for DVDT = 0, 1, 2, or 3.
Default is 2 for DVDT = 4.
TRCON
Controls automatic convergence, and the speed
of large non-linear circuits with large TSTOP/
TSTEP values. Default=1.
Timestep Options
ABSVAR = x
Absolute limit for the maximum voltage change,
from one time point to the next. Default is 0.5
(volts).
DELMAX = x
Maximum Delta of the internal timestep. HSPICE
automatically sets the DELMAX value.
DVDT
Adjusts the timestep, based on rates of change
for node voltage. Default=4.
0 - original algorithm
1 - fast
2 - accurate
3,4 - balance speed and accuracy
FS = x
Decreases Delta (internal timestep) by the
specified fraction of a timestep (TSTEP) for the
first time point of a transient. Default=0.25.
FT = x
Decreases Delta (the internal timestep), by a
specified fraction of a timestep (TSTEP) for an
iteration set that does not converge. Default is
0.25.
IMIN = x, ITL3 = x Minimum number of iterations. Required to obtain
convergence at a timepoint in transient analysis
simulations. Determines internal timestep. Default
is 3.0.
IMAX = x,
ITL4 = x
Maximum number of iterations to obtain
convergence at a timepoint in transient analysis.
Determines internal timestep. Default is 8.0.
Controlling Input
33
ITL5 = x
Iteration limit for transient analysis output. Default
is 0.0.
RELVAR = x
Used with ABSVAR, and DVDT timestep option.
Sets relative voltage change for LVLTIM=1 or 3.
Default is 0.30 (30%).
RMAX = x
TSTEP multiplier, controls maximum value
(DELMAX) to use for internal timestep Delta.
Default is 5 when dvdt=4, and lvltim=1.
Otherwise, default=2. Maximum is 1e+9,
minimum is 1e-9. Recommend maximum=1e+5.
RMIN = x
Sets the minimum value of Delta (internal
timestep). Default=1.0e-9.
SLOPETOL = x
Minimum value for breakpoint table entries in a
piecewise linear (PWL) analysis. Default is 0.5.
TIMERES = x
Minimum separation between breakpoint values
for breakpoint table. Default=1 ps.
WACC = x
Triggers the W element dynamic step control
algorithm. x is a real number between 0.0 and
10.0. Larger values result in higher performance
and lower accuracy, while smaller values result in
lower performance and higher accuracy. If x=0.0,
a static step control algorithm is used.
Default=0.0.
Algorithm Options
DVTR
Limits voltage in transient analysis. Default is
1000.
IMAX = x,
ITL4 = x
Maximum number of iterations to obtain
convergence at a timepoint in transient analysis.
Determines internal timestep. Default is 8.0.
IMIN = x, ITL3 = x Minimum number of iterations. Required to obtain
convergence at a timepoint in transient analysis
simulations. Determines internal timestep. Default
is 3.0.
LVLTIM = x
Selects the timestep algorithm for transient
analysis.
If LVLTIM = 1 (default), HSPICE uses the DVDT
timestep algorithm.
If LVLTIM = 2, HSPICE uses the local truncation
error (LTE) timestep control method.
If LVLTIM = 3, HSPICE uses the DVDT timestep
algorithm with timestep reversal.
MAXORD = x
34
Controlling Input
Maximum order of integration for the GEAR
method (see METHOD).
METHOD =
name
Sets numerical integration method for a transient
analysis to GEAR or TRAP.
PURETP
Sets the integration method to use for the
reversal time point. Default = 0.
MU = x
Coefficient for trapezoidal integration. Range for
MU is 0.0 to 0.5. Default=0.5.
RUNLVL = x
Controls the speed and accuracy trade-off. It can
be set to 0,1,2,3,4,5,6. Higher values of RUNLVL
result in higher accuracy and longer simulation
times, while lower values give lower accuracy and
faster simulation runtimes.
RUNLVL=0 turns off this algorithm.
RUNLVL=1 is the lowest simulation runtime.
RUNLVL=3 is the default (similar to original
HSPICE default mode).
RUNLVL=5, 6 correspond to the HSPICE
standard accurate mode. For most circuits,
RUNLVL=5 is similar to the HSPICE standard
accurate mode.
TRCON
Controls the automatic convergence
(autoconvergence) process.
TRCON=3: enable auto-speedup only. HSPICE
invokes auto-speed up if:
- there are more than 1000 nodes, or
- there are more than 300 active devices, or
- Tstop/Tstep (as defined in .TRAN) > 1e8.
When auto-speedup is active, RMAX increases,
and HSPICE can take larger timesteps.
TRCON=2: enables auto-convergence only.
HSPICE invokes auto-convergence if you use the
default integration method (trapezoidal), and if
HPSICE fails to converge with an “internal
timestep too small” error.
Auto-convergence sets method=gear, lvltim=2,
and starts the transient simulation again from
time=0.
TRCON=1: enables both auto-convergence and
auto-speedup.
TRCON=0: disables both auto-convergence and
auto-speedup (default).
TRCON=-1: same as TRCON=0.
Controlling Input
35
Input and Output Options
INTERP
Limits output for post-analysis tools, such as
Cadence or Zuken to only .TRAN timestep intervals.
ITRPRT
Prints output variables, at their internal timepoints.
MCBRIEF = x
Controls how HSPICE outputs Monte Carlo
parameters.
MEASFAIL
If MEASFAIL=0, outputs 0 into the .mt#, .ms#,
or .ma# file, and prints failed to the listing file.
If MEASFAIL=1 (default), prints failed into
the .mt#, .ms#, or .ma# file, and into the listing file.
MEASFILE = x If MEASFILE=0, outputs measure information to
several files.
If MEASFILE=1 (default), outputs measure
information to a single file.
MEASSORT
This option is no longer necessary and is ignored.
PUTMEAS
Controls the output variables, listed in the
.MEASURE statement. Default = 1.
UNWRAP
Displays phase results from AC analysis in
unwrapped form (continuous phase plot).
AC Control Options
ABSH=x
Sets the absolute current change, through voltagedefined branches (voltage sources and inductors).
ACOUT
AC output calculation method for the difference in
values of magnitude, phase, and decibels for prints
and plots.
DI=x
Sets the maximum iteration-to-iteration current
change, through voltage-defined branches (voltage
sources and inductors).
MAXAMP = x
Sets the maximum current, through voltage-defined
branches (voltage sources and inductors).
RELH = x
Relative current tolerance, through voltage-defined
branches (voltage sources and inductors).
UNWRAP
Displays phase results from AC analysis in
unwrapped form (continuous phase plot).
Common Model Interface Options
36
CMIFLAG
Controls loading of the CMI library.
CUSTCMI=x
Controls gate tunneling current modeling and
additional instance parameter support for Customer
CMI with topoid=0.
Controlling Input
Verilog-A Options
SPMODEL
In this option, the name is the cell name that uses a
SPICE definition.
VAMODEL
This option specifies that the name is the cell name
that uses a Verilog-A definition rather than the
subcircuit definition when both exist.
Statements
HSPICE supports the following statements:
.ALTER Statement
General
Form
.ALTER <title_string>
See “.ALTER” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Comments
General
Form
*<Comment on a line by itself>
Or
<HSPICE statement> $<comment following HSPICE
input>
.ALIAS Statement
You can alias one model name to another:
.alias pa1 par1
During simulation, this .ALIAS statement indicates to use
the par1 model in place of a reference to a previouslydeleted pa1 model. See “.ALIAS” in the HSPICE
Command Reference.
Controlling Input
37
.CONNECT Statement
Connects two nodes in your HSPICE netlist so that
simulation evaluates the two nodes as only one node.
Both nodes must be at the same level in the circuit design
that you are simulating: you cannot connect nodes that
belong to different subcircuits. You also cannot use this
statement in HSPICE RF.
.CONNECT node1 node2
where:
node1
Name of the first of two nodes to connect to each other.
node2
Name of the second of two nodes to connect to each
other. The first node replaces this node in the simulation.
.DATA Statement
See “.DATA” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Inline .DATA Statement
General Form
.DATA datanm pnam1 <pnam2
+ pnam3 …pnamxxx >
+ pval1<pval2 pval3 …
+ pvalxxx> pval1’ <pval2’
+ pval3’ …pvalxxx’>
.ENDDATA
External File .DATA Statement
General Form
38
Controlling Input
.DATA datanm
+ MER FILE = ‘filename1’
+ pname1=colnum
+ <panme2=colnum …>
+ <FILE = ‘filename2’
+ pname1 = colnum
+ <pname2 = colnum …>> …
+ <OUT = ‘fileout’>
.ENDDATA
Column Laminated .DATA Statement
General Form
.DATA datanm
+ LAM FILE=‘filename1’
+ pname1=colnum
+ <panme2=colnum …>
+ <FILE=‘filename2’
+ pname1=colnum
+ <pname2=colnum …>>…
+ <OUT = ‘fileout’>
.ENDDATA
datanm
Specifies the data name referred to in the
.TRAN, .DC, or .AC statement.
LAM
Specifies column-laminated (parallel merging) data
files to use.
filenamei
Specifies the name of the data file to read.
MER
Specifies concatenated (series merging) data files
to use.
pnami
Specifies the parameter names used for source
value, element value, device size, model parameter
value, and so on.
colnum
Specifies the column number in the data file for the
parameter value.
fileout
Specifies the name of the data file to write with all of
the data concatenated.
pvali
Specifies the parameter value.
See “Column Laminated .DATA Statement” in the
HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
.DEL LIB Statement
General
Form
.DEL LIB ‘<filepath>filename’
+ entryname
.DEL LIB libnumber entryname
entryname
Entry name, used in the library call statement to delete.
filename
Name of a file to delete from the data file.
filepath
Path name of a file, if the operating system supports
tree-structured directories.
libnumber
Library number, used in the library call statement to
delete.
See “.DEL LIB” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Controlling Input
39
Element Statements
General Form
elname <node1 node2 … nodeN>
+ <mname> <pname1 = val1>
+ <pname2 = val2> <M = val>
Or
elname <node1 node2 … nodeN>
+ <mname> <pname = ‘expression’>
+ <M = val>
Or
elname <node1 node2 … nodeN>
+ <mname> <val1 val2 … valn>
B
IBIS buffer
C
Capacitor
D
Diode
E,F,G,H Dependent current and voltage
sources
I
Current source
J
JFET or MESFET
K
Mutual inductor
L
Inductor
M
MOSFET
Q
BJT
R
Resistor
S
S element
T,U,W Transmission line
V
Voltage source
X
Subcircuit call
expression
Any mathematical expression containing values or
parameters, i.e., param1 * val2.
elname
Element name that cannot exceed 1023 characters,
and must begin with a specific letter for each
element type.
M = val
Element multiplier.
mname
Model reference name is required for all elements
except passive devices.
node1 …
Node names are identifiers of the nodes to which
the element is connected.
pname1 …
Element parameter name used to identify the
parameter value that follows this name.
val1…
Value assigned to the parameter pname1 or to the
corresponding model node.
See “Element and Source Statements” in the HSPICE
Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
40
Controlling Input
.END Statement
General Form
.END <comment>
comment
Any comment, normally the name of the data file
being terminated.
See “.END” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.GLOBAL Statement
General Form
.GLOBAL node1 node2 node3 …
See “.GLOBAL” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.IC/.DCVOLT Initial Condition Statement
General Form
.IC v(node1)=val 1 v(node2)=
+ val 2 …
Or
.DCVOLT V(node1)=val 1
+ V(node2)=val 2
See “.IC” and “.DCVOLT” in the HSPICE Command
Reference.
.IF-.ELSEIF-.ELSE-.ENDIF Statements
You can use this if-else structure to change the circuit
topology, expand the circuit, set parameter values for
each device instance, or select different model cards in
each if-else block.
.IF (condition1)
…
< .ELSEIF (condition2)
…>
< .ELSE
…>
.ENDIF
.INCLUDE Statement
General Form
.INCLUDE ‘<filepath> filename’
.LIB Library Call Statement
General Form
.LIB ‘<filepath> filename’ entryname
entryname
Entry name for the section of the library file to
include.
Controlling Input
41
filename
Name of a file to include in the data file.
filepath
Path to a file.
.LIN Statement
General Form
.LIN <sparcalc = [1|0] <modelname = ...>>
+ <filename = ...> <format=[selem|citi|touchstone]>
+ <noisecalc = [1|0] <gdcalc = [1|0]>
+ <mixedmode2port = [dd|dc|ds|cd|cc|cs|sd|sc|ss]>
sparcalc
If 1, extract S parameters (default).
modelname
Model name listed in the .MODEL statement in
the .sc# model output file.
filename
Output file name (default=netlist name).
format
Output file format:
- selem is for S element .sc# format, which you can
include in the netlist.
- citi is CITIfile format.
- touchstone is TOUCHSTONE file format.
noisecalc
If 1, extract noise parameters (perform 2-port noise
analysis). Default=0.
gdcalc
If 1, extract group delay (perform group delay
analysis). Default=0.
mixedmode2port The mixedmode2port keyword describes the
mixed-mode data map of output mixed mode S
parameter matrix. The availability and default value
for this keyword depends on the first two port (P
element) configuration as follows:
case 1: p1=p2=single (standard mode P element)
available: ss
default: ss
case 2: p1=p2=balanced (mixed mode P element)
available: dd, cd, dc, cc
default: dd
case 3: p1=balanced p2=single
available: ds, cs
default: ds
case 4: p1=single p2=balanced
available: sd, sc
default: sd
42
Controlling Input
.LIB Library File Definition Statement
General Form
.LIB entryname1
.
. $ ANY VALID SET OF HSPICE
+ STATEMENTS
.
.ENDL entryname1
.LIB entryname2
.
. $ ANY VALID SET OF HSPICE
+ STATEMENTS
.
.ENDL entryname2
.LIB entryname3
.
. $ ANY VALID SET OF HSPICE
+ STATEMENTS
.
.ENDL entryname3
The text following a library file entry name must consist of
valid HSPICE statements. See “.LIB Library File
Definition Statement” in the HSPICE Simulation and
Analysis User Guide.
.LIB Nested Library Calls
Library calls may be nested in other libraries provided
they call different files. Library calls may be nested to any
depth. See “.LIB Nested Library Calls” in the HSPICE
Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
.MALIAS Statement
You can use the .MALIAS statement to assign an alias
(another name) to a diode, BJT, JFET, or MOSFET model
that you defined in a .MODEL statement. You can also
use the .MALIAS statement to assign an alias to a
subcircuit defined in a .SUBCKT statement. See
.MALIAS Statement in the HSPICE Command
Reference.
You cannot use the .MALIAS statement in HSPICE RF.
The syntax of the .MALIAS statement is:
.MALIAS model_name=alias_name1 <alias_name2 . . .>
Controlling Input
43
.MODEL Statement
General Form
.MODEL mname type
+ <VERSION = version_number>
+ <pname1 = val1 pname2 = val2 …>
VERSION
HSPICE version number, used to allow portability of
the BSIM (LEVEL=13), BSIM2 (LEVEL = 39)
models between HSPICE releases. Version
parameter also valid for LEVEL 49, 53, 54, 57, and
59.
mname
Model name reference.
pname1 …
Parameter name.
type
Selects the model type, which must be one of the
following:
For HSPICE:
AMP operational amplifier model
C
capacitor model
COREmagnetic core model
D
diode model
L
magnetic core mutual inductor
NJF n-channel JFET model
NMOSn-channel MOSFET model
NPN npn BJT model
OPT optimization model
PJF p-channel JFET model
PLOTplot model for .GRAPH statement
PMOSp-channel MOSFET model
PNP pnp BJT model
R
resistor model
U
lossy transmission line (lumped)
W
lossy transmission line model
S
S model
SP Frequency table model
For HSPICE RF:
C
D
R
W
capacitor model
diode model
resistor model
lossy transmission line model
See “.MODEL” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.NODESET Statement
General
Form
44
.NODESET V(node1) = val1
+ <V(node2) = val2 …>
Or
.NODESET node1 val1 <node2 val2>
node1…
Node numbers or node names can include full path
names or circuit numbers
Controlling Input
val1
Specifies voltage.
See “.NODESET” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.PARAM Statement
General
Form
.PARAM <ParamName>=<RealNumber>
See “.PARAM” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Algebraic Format
General Form .PARAM <ParamName>=<AlgebraicExpression>
.PARAM<ParamName1>=<ParamName2>
Quotes around the algebraic expression are mandatory.
See “Algebraic Parameter (Equation)” in the HSPICE
Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
Optimization Format
General Form OPTIMIZE=opt_pav_fun
Or (element
or model
keyname)
.PARAM <ParamName>=<OptParamFunc> (<Init>,
<LoLim>, <Hi Lim>, <Inc>)
paramname1
…
Parameter names are assigned to values
OptParmFunc Optimization parameter function (string)
Init
Initial value of parameter (real)
LoLim
Lower limit for parameter (real)
HiLim
Upper limit for parameter (real)
Inc
Rounds to nearest <Inc> value (real)
A parameter can be used in an expression only if it is
defined.
.PROTECT Statement
General
Form
.PROTECT
The .PROTECT command suppresses the print back of
text. See “.PROTECT” in the HSPICE Command
Reference.
Controlling Input
45
.TITLE Statement
General Form
Any string of up to 72 characters
Or
.TITLE “any string”
Title
The first line of the simulation is always the title.
See “.TITLE” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.UNPROTECT Statement
General Form
.UNPROTECT
The .UNPROTECT command restores normal output
functions from a .PROTECT command. See
“.UNPROTECT” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.WIDTH Statement
General Form
.WIDTH OUT={80|132}
OUT
The output print width. Permissible values are 80
and 132.
See “.WIDTH” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Analyzing Data
You can perform several types of analyses with HSPICE.
DC Analysis
HSPICE can perform the following types of DC analyses.
.DC Statement—DC Sweep
See “.DC” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Sweep or Parameterized Sweep
46
General Form
.DC var1 start1 stop1 incr1
+ <SWEEP var2 type np
+ start2 stop2>
Or
.DC var1 start1 stop1 incr1
+ <var2 start2 stop2 incr2>
Analyzing Data
Data-Driven Sweep
General Form
.DC var1 type np start1 stop1
+ <SWEEP DATA = datanm>
Or
.DC DATA = datanm
+ <SWEEP var2 start2 stop2
+ incr2>
Or
.DC DATA = datanm
Monte Carlo
General Form
.DC var1 type np start1 stop1
+ <SWEEP MONTE = val> <firstrun = num1>
Or
.DC var1 type np start1 stop1
+ <SWEEP MONTE = list<(> <num1:num2>
+ <num3> <num5:num6> <num7> <)> >
Or
.DC MONTE = val <firstrun = num1>
Or
.DC MONTE = list<(> <num1:num2>
+ <num3> <num5:num6> <num7> <)>
Optimization
General Form
.DC DATA = datanm OPTIMIZE =
+ opt_par_fun RESULTS =
+ measnames MODEL = optmod
Or
.DC var1 start1 stop1 SWEEP
+ OPTIMIZE = OPTxxx
+ RESULTS = measname
+ MODEL = optmod
DC analysis
statement
.DC <DATA=filename> SWEEP
+ OPTIMIZE=OPTxxx
+ RESULTS=ierr1 ... ierrn
+ MODEL=optmod
DATA=datanm
Datanm is the reference name of a .DATA
statement.
incr1 …
Voltage, current, element, model parameters, or
temperature increment values.
MODEL
Optimization reference name, used in
the .MODEL OPT statement.
MONTE=val
Produces a number (val) of randomly generated
values, which select parameters from a
distribution.
np
Number of points per decade (or depending on
the preceding keyword).
OPTIMIZE
Specifies the parameter reference name used in
the .PARAM statement.
Analyzing Data
47
RESULTS
Specifies the measure name used in
the .MEASURE statement.
start1 …
Starting voltage, current, element, model
parameters, or temperature values.
stop1 …
Final voltage, current, any element, model
parameter, or temperature values.
SWEEP
Indicates that a second sweep has a different
variation type (DEC, OCT, LIN, POI, DATA
statement, or MONTE = val).
TEMP
Indicates a temperature sweep.
type
Can be any of the following keywords: DEC,
OCT, LIN, POI.
var1 …
Name of an independent voltage or current
source, any element or model parameter, or the
TEMP keyword.
.DCMATCH Statement—DC Mismatch
See “.DCMATCH” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
General Form
.DCMATCH OUTVAR <THRESHOLD=T>
+ <FILE=string> <PERTURBATION=P>
+ <INTERVAL=Int
OUTVAR
Valid node voltages, the difference between
node pairs or branch currents.
Threshold
Report devices with a relative contribution
above Threshold in the summary table.
T=0: reports results for all devices
T<0: suppresses table output; however,
individual results are still available through
.PROBE or .MEASURE statements.
The upper limit for T is 1, but at least 10 devices
are reported, or all if there are less than 10.
Default value is 0.01.
48
File
Valid file name for the output tables. Default is
basename.dm# where “#” is the usual
sequence number for HSPICE output files.
Perturbation
Indicates that perturbations of P standard
deviation will be used in calculating the finite
difference approximations to device derivatives.
The valid range for P is 0.01 to 6, with a default
value of 2.
Analyzing Data
Interval
Applies only if a DC sweep is specified. Int is a
positive integer. A summary is printed at the first
sweep point, then for each subsequent
increment of Int, and then, if not already printed,
at the final sweep point. Only single sweeps are
supported.
See “.DCMATCH” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
DCmatch Definition Block
.Variation
.Local_Variation
modelType modelName modelParam1='Expression1 for Sigma'
+ modelParam2='Expression2 for Sigma'
.End_Local_Variation
.End_Variation
modelType
Identifies a model type.
modelName
Model name reference.
modelParam1,2
Defines DCmatch variation for a model parameter
of the device specified. The expression can be a
constant, parameter, or a function containing
allowed instance parameters. Add a space and %
character after the expression to specify the
variation as a percentage of the nominal value.
.OP Statement—Operating Point
General Form
.OP <format> <time> <format> <time> ...
<interpolation>
format
Any of the following keywords: ALL, BRIEF,
CURRENT, DEBUG, NONE, VOLTAGE.
time
Parameter after ALL, VOLTAGE, CURRENT, or
DEBUG to specify the time at which the report is
printed.
interpolation
Selects an interpolation method for .OP time
points to display during transient analysis.
See “.OP” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Analyzing Data
49
.PZ Statement—Pole/Zero Analysis
General Form
.PZ ov srcnam
ov
Output variable: a node voltage V(n) or branch
current I(element)
srcnam
Input source: an independent voltage or current
source name
See “.PZ” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.SENS Statement—DC Sensitivity Analysis
General Form
.SENS ov1 <ov2 ...>
ov1 ov2 …
Branch currents or nodal voltage for DC
component sensitivity analysis.
See “.SENS” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.TF Statement—DC Small-Signal Transfer
Function Analysis
General
Form
.TF ov srcnam
ov
Small-signal output variable
srcnam
Small-signal input source
See “.TF” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
AC Analysis
.AC Statement
Single/Double Sweep
50
General Form
.AC type np fstart fstop
Or
.AC type np fstart fstop
+ <SWEEP var <START=>start
+ <STOP=>stop <STEP=>incr>
Or
.AC type np fstart fstop <SWEEP var type np start
stop>
Analyzing Data
Or
.AC type np fstart fstop
+ <SWEEP var
+ START="param_expr1"
+ STOP="param_expr2"
+ STEP="param_expr3">
Or
.AC type np fstart fstop
+ <SWEEP var start_expr
+ stop_expr step_expr>
See “.AC” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Parameterized Sweep
General Form
.AC type np fstart fstop <SWEEP
DATA = datanm>
Or
.AC DATA = datanm
Or
.AC DATA = datanm <SWEEP var
+ <START=>start <STOP=>stop
+ <STEP=>incr>
Or
.AC DATA = datanm <SWEEP var
+ type np start stop>
Or
.AC DATA = datanm <SWEEP var
+ START="param_expr1"
+ STOP="param_expr2"
+ STEP="param_expr3">
Or
.AC DATA = datanm <SWEEP var
+ start_expr stop_expr
+ step_expr>
Optimization
General Form
.AC DATA = datanm
+ OPTIMIZE = opt_par_fun
+ RESULTS = measnames
+ MODEL = optmod
AC analysis
statement
.AC <DATA=filename> SWEEP
+ OPTIMIZE=OPTxxx
+ RESULTS=ierr1 ... ierrn
+ MODEL=optmod
Random/Monte Carlo
General Form
.AC type np fstart fstop
+ <SWEEP MONTE = val> <firstrun = num1>
or
.AC type np fstart fstop
+ <SWEEP MONTE = list<(> <num1:num2>
+ <num3> <num5:num6> <num7> <)> >
Analyzing Data
51
DATA=datanm
Data name referenced in the .AC statement.
fstart
Starting frequency. If you use POI (list of points)
type variation, use a list of frequency values, not
fstart fstop.
fstop
Final frequency.
incr
Increment value of the voltage, current, element, or
model parameter. If you use type variation, specify
the np (number of points) instead of incr.
MONTE = val
Produces a number (val) of randomly-generated
values (HSPICE only; not supported in HSPICE
RF). HSPICE uses these values to select
parameters from a distribution, either Gaussian,
Uniform, or Random Limit.
np
Number of points, points per decade, or octave,
depending on which keyword precedes it.
start
Starting voltage, current, or any parameter value
for an element or a model.
stop
Final voltage, current, or any parameter value for
an element or a model.
SWEEP
This keyword indicates that the .AC statement
specifies a second sweep.
TEMP
This keyword indicates a temperature sweep
firstrun
The val value specifies the number of Monte Carlo
iterations to perform. The firstrun value specifies
the desired number of iterations. HSPICE runs
from num1 to num1+val-1.
list
The iterations at which HSPICE performs a Monte
Carlo analysis. You can write more than one
number after list. The colon represents "from ... to
...". Specifying only one number makes HSPICE
run at only the specified point.
type
Can be any of the following keywords:
DEC – decade variation.
OCT – octave variation.
LIN – linear variation.
POI – list of points.
var
52
Analyzing Data
Name of an independent voltage or current source,
element or model parameter, or the TEMP
(temperature sweep) keyword.
.DISTO Statement—AC Small-Signal Distortion
Analysis
General Form
.DISTO Rload <inter <skw2
+ <refpwr <spwf>>>>
inter
Interval at which HSPICE prints a distortionmeasure summary.
refpwr
Reference power level, used to compute the
distortion products.
Rload
Element name of the output load resistor, into
which the output power feeds.
skw2
Ratio of the second frequency (F2) to the nominal
analysis frequency (F1).
spwf
Amplitude of the second frequency (F2).
See “.DISTO” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.LIN Statement—AC Linear Parameter Extraction
Analysis
General Form
.LIN sparcalc=1
+ modelname=my_custom_model
+ filename=mydesign format=touchstone
+ noisecalc=1 gdcalc=1
+ dataformat=[ri | ma | db]
sparcalc
Flag to do S parameter extraction. Default=1
modelname
The model name to store the S Parameters.
filename
The name of output data file.
format
Data file format: TOUCHSTONE, CITIfile, or .sc*
file.
noisecalc
Flag to do two-port noise analysis. Default=0.
gdcalc
Flag to do group delay analysis. Default=0.
dataformat
Data format in the output data file: RI/MA/DB
See “.LIN” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Analyzing Data
53
.NOISE Statement—AC Noise Analysis
General Form
.NOISE ovv srcnam inter
inter
Interval at which HSPICE or HSPICE RF prints a
noise analysis summary; inter specifies how many
frequency points to summarize in the AC sweep.
ovv
Nodal voltage output variable, defining the node
at which HSPICE or HSPICE RF sums the noise.
srcnam
Name of the independent voltage or current
source to use as the noise input reference.
See “.NOISE” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.SAMPLE Statement—Noise Folding Analysis
General Form
.SAMPLE FS = freq <TOL = val>
+ <NUMF = val> <MAXFLD = val>
+ <BETA = val>
BETA
Integrator duty cycle; specifies an optional noise
integrator at the sampling node.
FS = freq
Sample frequency in hertz.
MAXFLD
Maximum number of folding intervals.
NUMF
Maximum allowed number of frequencies that you
can specify.
TOL
Sampling error tolerance.
See “.SAMPLE” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Small-Signal Network Analysis
.NET Statement—AC Network Analysis
One-port network
General Form
.NET input <RIN = val>
Or
.NET input <val>
Two-port network
54
General Form
.NET output input
+ <ROUT = val> <RIN = val>
input
Name of the voltage or current source for AC
input.
Analyzing Data
output
Output port. It can be:
An output voltage, V(n1,n2).
An output current, I(source), or I(element).
RIN
Keyword for input or source resistance. The RIN
value calculates output impedance, output
admittance, and scattering parameters. The
default RIN value is 1 ohm.
ROUT
Keyword for output or load resistance. The ROUT
value calculates input impedance, admittance,
and scattering parameters. The default ROUT
value is 1 ohm.
See “.NET” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
AC Network Analysis—Output Specification
General Form
Xij(z), ZIN(z), ZOUT(z), YIN(z), YOUT(z)
ij
Identifies which matrix parameter to print.
X
Specifies Z for impedance, Y for admittance, H for
hybrid, or S for scattering.
YIN
Input admittance.
YOUT
Output admittance.
z
Output type: R, I, M, P, DB, T.
ZIN
Input impedance.
ZOUT
Output impedance.
See “AC Network Analysis - Output Specification” in the
HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
Temperature Analysis
.TEMP Statement
General Form
.TEMP t1 <t2 <t3 ...>>
t1 t2 …
Temperatures in °C, at which HSPICE or HSPICE
RF simulates the circuit.
See “.TEMP” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Analyzing Data
55
Transient Analysis
.TRAN Statement
See “ .TRAN” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Single-Point Analysis
.TRAN tincr1 tstop1 <tincr2 tstop2 ...tincrN tstopN>
+ <START = val> <UIC>
Double-Point Analysis
.TRAN tincr1 tstop1 <tincr2
tstop2 ...tincrN tstopN>
+ <START = val> <UIC>
+ <SWEEP var type np pstart pstop>
or
.TRAN tincr1 tstop1 <tincr2
tstop2 ...tincrN tstopN>
+ <START = val> <UIC> <SWEEP var
+ START="param_expr1" STOP="param_expr2"
+ STEP="param_expr3">
or
.TRAN tincr1 tstop1 <tincr2 tstop2 ...
tincrN tstopN>
+ <START=val> <UIC> <SWEEP var start_expr
+ stop_expr step_expr>
Data-Driven Sweep
56
General Form
(data-driven
sweep)
.TRAN DATA = datanm
Or
.TRAN tincr1 tstop1 <tincr2 tstop2...tincrN
+ tstopN> <START = val> <UIC>
+ <SWEEP DATA = datanm>
Or
.TRAN DATA = datanm <SWEEP var
+ <START=>pstart <STOP=>pstop
+ <STEP=>pincr>
Or
.TRAN DATA = datanm <SWEEP var
+ type np pstart pstop>
Analyzing Data
Or
.TRAN DATA = datanm <SWEEP var
+ START="param_expr1"
+ STOP="param_expr2"
+ STEP="param_expr3">
Or
.TRAN DATA = datanm <SWEEP var
+ start_expr stop_expr step_expr>
Monte Carlo Analysis
General Form
.TRAN tincr1 tstop1 <tincr2 tstop2
+ ...tincrN tstopN> <START = val>
+ <UIC><SWEEP MONTE = val>
+ <firstrun = num1>
Or
.TRAN tincr1 tstop1 <tincr2 tstop2
+ ...tincrN tstopN> <START = val>
+ <UIC><SWEEP MONTE = list<(>
+ <num1:num2> <num3>
+ <num5:num6> <num7> <)> >
Optimization
General Form
.TRAN DATA = datanm OPTIMIZE =
+ opt_par_fun RESULTS = measnames
+ MODEL = optmod
TRAN analysis
statement
.TRAN <DATA=filename> SWEEP
+ OPTIMIZE=OPTxxx
+ RESULTS=ierr1 ... ierrn
+ MODEL=optmod
DATA = datanm
Data name referenced in the .TRAN statement.
MONTE = val
Produces a number val of randomly-generated
values used to select parameters from a
distribution.
np
Number of points per decade (or depending on
the preceding keyword).
param_expr...
User-specified expressions.
pincr
Voltage, current, element, or model parameter, or
temperature increment value.
pstart
Starting voltage, current, temperature, any
element, or model parameter value.
pstop
Final voltage, current, temperature, any element,
or model parameter value.
START
Time at which printing/plotting begins.
SWEEP
Indicates a second sweep is specified on
the .TRAN statement.
Analyzing Data
57
tincr1…
Printing/plotting increment for printer output, and
the suggested computing increment for the
postprocessor.
tstop1…
Time at which the transient analysis stops
incrementing by tincr1.
type
Specifies any of the following keywords: DEC,
OCT, LIN, POI.
UIC
Causes HSPICE to use the nodal voltages
specified in the .IC statement (or by the “IC = ”
parameters in the various element statements) to
calculate the initial transient conditions, rather
than solving for the quiescent operating point.
var
Name of an independent voltage or current
source, any element or model parameter, or the
keyword TEMP.
.BIASCHK Statement
General
Form
As an expression monitor:
.BIASCHK 'expression' <limit = lim> <noise = ns>
+ <max = max> <min = min>
+ <simulation = op | dc | tr | all> <monitor = v | i | w | l >
+ <tstart = time1> <tstop = time2> <autostop>
As an element and model monitor:
.BIASCHK type <region=cutoff | linear | saturation>
+ terminal1=t1 <terminal2=t2> <limit=lim>
+ <noise=ns> <max=max> <min=min>
+ <simulation=op | dc | tr | all> <monitor=v | i | w | l>
+ <name=name1, name2, ...>
+ <mname=modname_1, modname_2, ...>
+ <tstart=time1> <tstop=time2> <autostop>
+ <except=name_1,name_2, ...>
58
type
Element type to check.
terminal 1,
terminal2
Terminals, between which HSPICE checks (checks
between terminal1 and terminal2)
limit
Biaschk limit that you define.
noise
Biaschk noise that you define. The default is 0.1v.
max
Maximum value.
min
Minimum value.
name
Element or instance name to check.
mname
Model or subcircuit name. For model name, HSPICE
checks elements for bias. For subcircuit name,
HSPICE checks instances for bias.
Analyzing Data
region
Values can be cutoff, linear, or saturation. HSPICE
monitors when the MOS device, defined in
the .BIASCHK command, enters and leaves the
specified region (such as cutoff).
simulation
The simulation type you want to monitor. You can
specify op, dc, tr (transient), and all (op, dc, and tr).
The tr option is the default simulation type.
monitor
The kind of value you want to monitor. You can specify
v (voltage), i (current), w, and l (device size) for the
element type. This parameter is not used for an
expression-type monitor.
tstart
The biaschk start time during transient analysis. The
default is 0.
tstop
The biaschk end time during transient analysis. The
analysis ends on its own by default if you do not set
this parameter.
autostop
If you set this keyword HSPICE supports autostop for
this biaschk card so that it can report error message
and stop the simulation immediately.
except
Specifies the element or instance that this instatement
does not need to check. This parameter is not used for
an expression type monitor.
You can use a wild card to describe name, mname, or
“except” parameter in the biaschk card.
• ? stands for one character
• * stands for 0 or more characters.
If type is “subckt”, then a bias check is done for subcircuit
instances. In which case, the rules are:
• After one and only one mname has been defined,
the terminal names for this statement are those
pins defined by the subckt definition of mname.
• Multiple mname parameters are not allowed if bias
checking for subcircuit pins; therefore, wild carding
is not supported for mname for bia checking of
subcircuits.
• When both mname and name are defined while
multiple name are allowed, and if any specified
name is also an instance of mname, then only
those name definitions will be checked and the
others will be ignored. If none of the name
definitions are instances of mname, then this
statement will be ignored.
Analyzing Data
59
• If mname has not been defined, then the subcircui
type is determined by the first specification of
name.
• For a subcircuit bias check, at least one name or
mname must be specified in this statement.
Options for the .BIASCHK Command
Output file defined option:
General Form
.OPTION biasfile=biaschk/mos.bias
Warning message turn off (on) option:
General Form (on)
.OPTION biawarn=1
General Form (off, default)
.OPTION biawarn=0
Numerical Integration Algorithm Controls
See “Numerical Integration Algorithm Controls
(HSPICE)” in the HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User
Guide.
Gear Algorithm
General Form
.OPTION METHOD=GEAR
Backward-Euler
General Form
.OPTION METHOD=GEAR MU = 0
Trapezoidal Algorithm
General Form
.OPTION METHOD=TRAP
FFT Analysis
.FFT Statement
General Form
60
Analyzing Data
.FFT output_var <START = value>
+ <STOP = value> <NP = value>
+ <FORMAT = keyword>
+ <WINDOW = keyword>
+ <ALFA = value> <FREQ = value>
+ <FMIN = value> <FMAX = value>
ALFA
Parameter used in GAUSS and KAISER windows
to control the highest side-lobe LEVEL,
bandwidth, and so on.
FMAX
Maximum frequency for which HSPICE prints FFT
output into the listing file. THD calculations also
use this frequency.
FMIN
Minimum frequency for which HSPICE prints FFT
output into the listing file. THD calculations also
use this frequency.
FORMAT
Output format.
NORM= normalized magnitude
UNORM=unnormalized magnitude
FREQ
Frequency to analyze.
FROM
An alias for START.
NP
Number of points to use in FFT analysis.
output_var
Any valid output variable, such as voltage,
current, or power.
START
Beginning of the output variable waveform to
analyze.
STOP
End of the output variable waveform to analyze.
TO
An alias for STOP.
WINDOW
Window type to use: RECT, BART, HANN,
HAMM, BLACK, HARRIS, GAUSS, KAISER.
See “.FFT” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Worst Case Analysis
See “Worst Case Analysis” in the Simulation and
Analysis User Guide.
Sigma Deviations
Type
Param
Slow
Fast
NMOS
XL
+
-
RSH
+
-
DELVTO
+
-
TOX
+
-
XW
-
+
Analyzing Data
61
Type
Param
Slow
Fast
PMOS
XL
+
-
RSH
+
-
DELVTO
-
+
TOX
+
-
XW
-
+
Monte Carlo Analysis
HSPICE statements needed to set up a Monte Carlo
analysis are:
• .PARAM statement.
• .DC, .AC, or .TRAN analysis—enable MONTE.
• .MEASURE statement.
See “Monte Carlo Analysis” in the HSPICE Simulation
and Analysis User Guide. For details about the syntax for
these statements, see the HSPICE Command
Reference.
Operating Point
General Form
.DC MONTE=val
DC Sweep
General Form
.DC vin 1 5 .25 SWEEP MONTE=val
AC Sweep
General Form
.AC dec 10 100 10meg SWEEP
+ MONTE=val
TRAN Sweep
General Form
.TRAN 1n 10n SWEEP MONTE=val
.PARAM Distribution Function Syntax
62
General Form
.PARAM xx=UNIF(nominal_val,
+ rel_variation <, multiplier>)
Or
.PARAM xx=AUNIF(nominal_val,
+ abs_variation <,multiplier>)
Analyzing Data
Or
.PARAM xx=GAUSS(nominal_val,
+ rel_variation, sigma <,multiplier>)
Or
.PARAM xx=AGAUSS(nominal_val,
+ abs_variation, sigma <,multiplier>)
Or
.PARAM xx=LIMIT(nominal_val,
+ abs_variation)
abs_variation
AUNIF and AGAUSS vary the nominal_val by +/abs_variation.
AGAUSS
Gaussian distribution function by using absolute
variation.
AUNIF
Uniform distribution function by using absolute
variation.
GAUSS
Gaussian distribution function by using relative
variation.
LIMIT
Random limit distribution function by using
absolute variation.
multiplier
If you do not specify a multiplier, the default is 1.
nominal_val
Nominal value for Monte Carlo analysis, and
default value for all other analyses.
rel_variation
UNIF and GAUSS vary the nominal_val, by +/(nominal_val ⋅ rel_variation).
sigma
Specifies abs_variation or rel_variation at the
sigma level.
UNIF
Uniform distribution function by using relative
variation.
xx
Distribution function calculates the value of this
parameter.
1-
Optimizing Data
This chapter briefly describes how to optimize your
design data.
Analysis Statement (.DC, .TRAN, .AC)
Syntax
General Form
.DC <DATA=filename> SWEEP
+ OPTIMIZE=OPTxxx
+ RESULTS=ierr1 ...
+ ierrn MODEL=optmod
DATA
In-line file of parameter data to use in the
optimization.
Optimizing Data
63
MODEL
The optimization reference name (also specified
in the .MODEL optimization statement).
OPTIMIZE
Indicates the analysis is for optimization.
Or
.AC <DATA=filename> SWEEP
+ OPTIMIZE=OPTxxx
+ RESULTS=ierr1 ...
+ ierrn MODEL=optmod
Or
.TRAN <DATA=filename> SWEEP
+ OPTIMIZE=OPTxxx
+ RESULTS=ierr1 ...
+ ierrn MODEL=optmod
RESULTS
The measurement reference name (also
specified in the .MEASURE optimization
statement).
See “.DC,” “.TRAN,” or “.AC” in the HSPICE Command
Reference.
.PARAM Statement Syntax
General Form
.PARAM parameter=OPTxxx
+ (initial_guess, low_limit, upper_limit)
Or
.PARAM parameter=OPTxxx
+ (initial_guess, low_limit, upper_limit,
+ delta)
delta
The final parameter value is the initial guess ±
(n⋅delta).
OPTxxx
Optimization parameter reference name. The
associated optimization analysis references this
name.
parameter
Parameter to be varied, the initial value estimate,
the lower limit, and the upper limit allowed for the
parameter.
See “.PARAM” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.MODEL Statement Syntax
64
General Form
.MODEL mname OPT <parameter = val
+ ...>
CENDIF
Point at which more accurate derivatives are
required.
CLOSE
Initial estimate of how close parameter initial
value estimates are to final solution.
Optimizing Data
CUT
DIFSIZ
Modifies CLOSE, depending on how successful
the iterations toward the solution become.
Determines the increment change in a parameter
value for gradient calculations ( ∆x = DIFSIZ ⋅
max(x, PARMIN)).
GRAD
Possible convergence when gradient of
RESULTS function is less than GRAD.
ITROPT
Sets the maximum number of iterations.
LEVEL
Selects an optimizing algorithm.
MAX
Sets the upper limit on CLOSE.
mname
Model name.
PARMIN
Allows better control of incremental parameter
changes during error calculations.
RELIN
Relative input parameter variation for
convergence.
RELOUT
Relative output RESULTS function variance for
convergence.
See “.MODEL” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Filters and Systems
To optimize filters and systems, use Pole Zero analysis.
See “.PZ Statement— Pole/Zero Analysis” in the HSPICE
Applications Manual.
Laplace Transforms
See “Laplace Transform (LAPLACE) Function” and
“Laplace Transform” in the HSPICE Simulation and
Analysis User Guide.
Transconductance H(s)
General Form
Gxxx n+ n- LAPLACE in+ in- k0, k1, ..., kn
+ / d0, d1, ..., dm <SCALE=val> <TC1=val>
+ <TC2=val> <M=val>
Optimizing Data
65
Voltage Gain H(s)
General Form
Exxx n+ n- LAPLACE in+ in- k0, k1, ..., kn
+ / d0, d1, ..., dm <SCALE=val> <TC1=val>
+ <TC2=val>
2-
Output Format
For a detailed description of graphing with HSPLOT and
GSI, see the HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User
Guide “Graphing.”
Graphing Results in AvanWaves
The .OPTION POST must be placed in the HSPICE
netlist input file.
• POST or POST=1 (default) creates a binary file.
• POST=2 creates an ASCII file, portable to all
supported machines.
Limiting the Size of the Graph Data File
The option PROBE limits the number of curves stored to
those nodes specified in the HSPICE input
file’s .PRINT, .PLOT, .OPTION PROBE, and .GRAPH
statements. The option INTERP (for transient analysis
only) limits the number of points stored. The option
INTERP preinterpolates the output to the interval
specified on the .TRAN statement.
Automatic Hardcopy During HSPICE Run
A .GRAPH statement automatically produces a hardcopy
plot. A .TITLE statement placed before each .GRAPH
statement sets the graph title. Otherwise, the simulation
title is used. The POST option in conjunction
with .GRAPH creates a graph data file.
66
Output Format
Starting AvanWaves—Command line
AvanWaves’ command line definition is:
awaves [[-i][plot][-d] <path><design-name>
+ [-c <config_name>]
+ [laf(windows|openlook|motif)]
-i
Immediately opens the Awaves Command
User Interface windows when you open
AvanWaves.
-plot
Changes the plot mode to Continuous when
you open AvanWaves. The default plot mode
is Monotonic.
-d
The name of the design to be opened on
invoking AvanWaves
-c
Specifies that a previously saved configuration
for the current design is to be used upon the
initialization of AvanWaves.
-laf [windows|
openlook| motif]
Specifies the window manager style to be
used. The default is Motif.
Setup Commands
Cmd
Default
Description
I
--
Name input file.
XMIN,
XMAX,
YMIN,
YMAX
X=LIM
Y=AUTO
Set range defaults for all panels.
XSCAL
1.0
default
0.0
Scale for X axis.
YSCAL
1.0
Scale for Y axis.
XS, YS
LIN
Set x or y scale.
P
1
Set number of panels.
F
NONE
Set the frequency of symbols.
T
ON
Set/Toggle ticks.
M
NO
Monotonic. Set/Toggle for family of curves.
XG, YG ON
Set/Toggle x or y grids.
D
Reinitialize all Setup menu values.
--
Accessible Menus From Setup
G
Bring up the Graph window.
N
Bring up the Node window.
Q
Exit the program.
Output Format
67
Node Menu Prompts
-Panel
Each panel prompts for one x-axis parameter and any
number of y-axis curves.
-X-axis
Any node may be chosen as the x-axis for a panel.
-Y-axis
Any listed node name or function, or algebraic
expression can be entered at the y-axis prompt.
Node Menu Commands
$P
Remove all curves in present panel.
$A
Remove all curves from all panels.
$Q
Exit the program.
MORE
Display next/previous page of nodes.
/BACK
These commands appear only when the node list
spans more than one page.
$S
Bring up the Setup menu.
AC Analysis
*R
Draw the Real component of the data.
*I
Draw the Imaginary component of the data.
*M
Calculate and draw the Magnitude.
*P
Calculate and draw the Phase.
Graph Commands
A, D
Add or Delete curves or expressions.
X, Y
Change the view on some panels or all panels.
Q
Exit the program.
Accessible Menus from Graph Menu
N
Bring up the Node window
P
Bring up the Print menu
S
Bring up the Setup menu
Print Menu
The Print menu lists printers and /or plotters at your site
on which you may create a hardcopy plot.
68
Output Format
Screensave Option
The SCREENSAVE function produces a file that can later
be displayed on the terminal. The function is useful for
making video slides.
Print Commands
<CR>
Print with the default printer.
1…n-1
Print with one of printer options.
n
Save the screen into a preview file.
.PRINT Statement
General Form
.PRINT antype ov1 <ov2 ... ovn>
See “.PRINT” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.PLOT Statement
General Form
.PLOT antype ov1 <(plo1,phi1)> . . .
+ <ovn> <(ploon,phin)>
See “.PLOT” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.PROBE Statement
General Form
.PROBE antype ov1 … <ovn>
See “.PROBE” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.GRAPH Statement
General
Form
.GRAPH antype <MODEL = mname>
+ <unam1 = > ov1, <unam2 = >ov2, …
+ <unamn = > ovn (plo,phi)
antype
Type of analysis for outputs: DC, AC, TRAN, NOISE,
or DISTO. HSPICE RF does not support DISTO
analysis.
mname
Plot model name referenced in .GRAPH.
ov1 …ovn
Output variables to print or plot.
plo, phi …
Lower and upper plot limits.
unam1…
User-defined output names.
See “.GRAPH” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Output Format
69
.MODEL Statement for .GRAPH
General Form
.MODEL mname PLOT (pnam1 = val1
+ pnam2 = val2….)
mname
Plot model name referenced in .GRAPH
statement.
PLOT
Keyword for a .GRAPH statement model.
pnam1=val1…
Each .GRAPH statement model includes several
model parameters.
See “.MODEL” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.MEASURE Statement: Rise, Fall, and Delay
General Form
.MEASURE <DC | AC | TRAN> result
+ TRIG … TARG … <GOAL=val>
+ <MINVAL=val> <WEIGHT=val>
<DC|AC|TRAN>
Analysis type of the measurement. If omitted,
assumes the last analysis mode requested.
GOAL
Desired measure value in optimization.
MEASURE
Specifies measurements.
MINVAL
If the absolute value of GOAL is less than
MINVAL, then MINVAL replaces the GOAL value
in the denominator of the ERRfun expression.
TRIG…, TARG … Identifies the beginning of trigger and target
specifications, respectively.
WEIGHT
The calculated error is multiplied by the weight
value.
See “.MEASURE” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Trigger
General Form
TRIG trig_var VAL=trig_val
+ <TD=time_delay> <CROSS=c>
+ <RISE=r> <FALL=f>
Or
TRIG AT=val
result
Name associated with the measured value in the
HSPICE output.
Target
General Form
70
Output Format
TARG targ_var VAL = targ_val
+ <TD = time_delay> <CROSS = c | LAST>
+ <RISE = r | LAST> <FALL = f | LAST>
AT = val
Trigger specification. Determines where
measurement takes place.
CROSS = c
RISE = r
FALL = f
Numbers indicate which occurrence of a CROSS,
FALL, or RISE event to measure.
LAST
HSPICE or HSPICE RF measures when the last
CROSS, FALL, or RISE event occurs.
TARG
Beginning of the target signal specification.
targ_val
Value of the targ_var, which increments the
counter for crossings, rises, or falls, by one.
targ_var
Name of the output variable, at which HSPICE or
HSPICE RF determines the propagation delay with
respect to the trig_var.
time_delay
Amount of simulation time that must elapse, before
HSPICE or HSPICE RF enables the measurement.
TRIG
Beginning of the trigger specification.
trig_val
Value of trig_var at which the counter for crossing,
rises, or falls increments by one.
trig_var
Name of the output variable, that determines the
logical beginning of a measurement.
Average, RMS, MIN, MAX, and Peak to Peak
General Form
.MEASURE <DC | AC | TRAN>
+ result func out_var
+ <FROM = val> <TO = val>
+ <GOAL = val>
+ <MINVAL = val> <WEIGHT = val>
Or
.MEASURE < TRAN > out_var
+ func var FROM = start
+ TO = end
Or
.MEASURE DC results <MAX>
+ <DCMATCH_TOTAL |
+ DCMATCH(InstanceName)>
<DC|AC|TRAN>
Analysis type of the measurement. If omitted,
HSPICE assumes the last analysis mode
requested.
FROM
Initial value for the “func” calculation.
Output Format
71
func
Type of the measure statement:
AVG (average)
MAX (maximum)
MIN (minimum)
PP (peak-to-peak)
RMS (root mean squared)
INTEG (integral)
GOAL
Desired .MEASURE value.
MINVAL
If the absolute value of GOAL is less than
MINVAL, then MINVAL replaces the GOAL
value in the denominator of the ERRfun
expression.
out_var
Name of any output variable whose function
the simulation measures.
result
Name of the measured value in the HSPICE
output.
TO
End of the “func” calculation.
WEIGHT
Multiplies the calculated error, by the weight
value.
start
Starting time of the measurement period.
end
Ending time of the measurement period.
DCMATCH
(InstanceName)
.DCMATCH contribution from InstanceName.
DCMATCH_TOTAL
.DCMATCH total output variation.
Equation Evaluation
General Form
.MEASURE <DC | AC | TRAN> result
+ PARAM = ‘equation’ <GOAL = val>
+ <MINVAL = val>
Or
.MEASURE TRAN varname
+ PARAM = ‘expression’
See “.MEASURE” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
72
Output Format
ERROR Function
General Form
.MEASURE <DC | AC | TRAN> result
+ ERRfun meas_var calc_var
+ <MINVAL = val> < IGNORE |
+ YMIN = val> <YMAX = val>
+ <WEIGHT = val> <FROM = val>
+ <TO = val>
<DC|AC|TRAN>
Analysis type of the measurement. If omitted,
assumes the last analysis mode requested.
calc_var
Name of the simulated output variable or
parameter in the .MEASURE statement to
compare with meas_var.
ERRfun
ERRfun indicates which error function to use:
ERR, ERR1, ERR2, or ERR3.
FROM
Beginning of the ERRfun calculation.
IGNOR|YMIN
If the absolute value of meas_var is less than
the IGNOR value, the ERRfun calculation does
not consider this point.
meas_var
Name of any output variable or parameter in
the data statement.
MINVAL
If the absolute value of meas_var is less than
MINVAL, then MINVAL replaces the meas_var
value in the denominator of the ERRfun
expression.
result
Name of measured result in the output.
TO
End of the ERRfun calculation.
WEIGHT
Multiplies the calculated error by the weight
value.
YMAX
If the absolute value of meas_var is greater
than the YMAX value, then the ERRfun
calculation does not consider this point.
Output Format
73
Find and When Functions
General Form
.MEASURE <DC | AC | TRAN> result
+ WHEN out_var = val <TD = val>
+ < RISE = r | LAST > <FALL = f |
+ LAST > <CROSS = c | LAST >
+ <GOAL = val> <MINVAL = val>
+ <WEIGHT = val>
Or
.MEASURE <DC | AC | TRAN> result
+ WHEN out_var1 = out_var2
+ < TD = val > < RISE = r | LAST >
+ <FALL = f | LAST > < CROSS = c|
+ LAST > <GOAL = val>
+ <MINVAL = val> <WEIGHT = val>
Or
.MEASURE <DC | AC | TRAN> result
+ FIND out_var1 WHEN out_var2 = val
+ < TD = val > < RISE = r | LAST >
+ <FALL = f | LAST > < CROSS = c|
+ LAST > <GOAL = val>
+ <MINVAL = val> <WEIGHT = val>
Or
.MEASURE <DC | AC | TRAN> result
+ FIND out_var1 WHEN
+ out_var2 = out_var3 <TD = val >
+ < RISE = r | LAST > <FALL = f |
+ LAST ><CROSS = c | LAST>
+ <GOAL = val> <MINVAL = val>
+ <WEIGHT = val>
Or
.MEASURE <DC | AC | TRAN> result
+ FIND out_var1 AT = val
+ <GOAL = val> <MINVAL = val>
+ <WEIGHT = val>
Or
.MEASURE DC result
+ FIND <DCMATCH_TOTAL |
+ DCMATCH(InstanceName)> AT = val
<DC | AC | TRAN> Analysis type for the measurement. If omitted,
HSPICE or HSPICE RF assumes the last
analysis type requested.
74
CROSS = c
RISE = r
FALL = f
Numbers indicate which occurrence of a CROSS,
FALL, or RISE event starts measuring.
AT = val
Trigger specification. Determines where
measurement takes place.
FIND
Selects the FIND function.
GOAL
Desired .MEASURE value.
LAST
Starts measurement at the last CROSS, FALL, or
RISE event.
Output Format
MINVAL
If the absolute value of GOAL is less than
MINVAL, then MINVAL replaces GOAL value in
ERRfun expression denominator.
out_var(1,2,3)
Establish conditions to start measuring.
result
Name associated with a measured value in
HSPICE or HSPICE RF output.
TD
Time at which measurement starts.
WEIGHT
Multiplies calculated error by weight value.
WHEN
Selects the WHEN function.
DCMATCH
(InstanceName)
.DCMATCH contribution from InstanceName.
DCMATCH_TOTAL .DCMATCH total output variation.
.DOUT Statement
.DOUT nd VTH ( time state
< time state > )
where:
• nd is the node name.
• VTH is the single voltage threshold.
• time is an absolute time-point.
• state is one of the following expected conditions of
the nd node at the specified time:
- 0
expect ZERO,LOW.
- 1
expect ONE,HIGH.
- else Don’t care.
.DOUT nd VLO VHI ( time state
< time state > )
where:
• nd is the node name.
• VLO is the voltage of the logic low state.
• VHI is the voltage of the logic high state.
• time is an absolute time-point.
Output Format
75
• state is one of the following expected conditions of
the nd node at the specified time:
- 0
expect ZERO,LOW.
- 1
expect ONE,HIGH.
- else Don’t care.
See “.DOUT” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
.STIM Statement
You can use the .STIM statement to reuse the results
(output) of one simulation as input stimuli in a new
simulation.
The .STIM statement specifies:
• Expected stimulus (PWL Source, DATA CARD, or
VEC FILE).
• Signals to transform.
• Independent variables.
One .STIM statement produces one corresponding
output file.
Syntax
Brackets [ ] enclose comments, which are optional.
.STIM <tran|ac|dc> PWL|DATA|VEC
<filename=output_filename> ...
DC and Transient Output
See “DC and Transient Output Variables” in the HSPICE
Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
Nodal Voltage
General Form
V(n1<,n2>)
n1, n2
Defines nodes between which the voltage
difference (n1-n2) is to be printed/plotted.
See “Nodal Voltage Syntax” in the HSPICE Simulation
and Analysis User Guide.
76
Output Format
Current: Voltage Sources
General Form
I(Vxxx)
Vxxx
Voltage source element name.
See “Current: Voltage Sources” in the HSPICE
Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
Current: Element Branches
General Form
In(Wwww)
or
Iall(Wwww)
n
Node position number in the element statement.
Wwww
Element name.
Iall (Www)
An alias just for diode, BJT, JFET, and MOSFET
devices.
See “Current: Element Branches” in the HSPICE User
Guide.
Power Output
See “Power Output” in the HSPICE Simulation and
Analysis User Guide.
Print/Plot Power
General Form
.PRINT <DC|TRAN>
P(element_or_subcircuit_name)
POWER
Or
.PLOT <DC|TRAN>
P(element_or_subcircuit_name)
POWER
antype
Type of analysis for the specified plots: DC, AC,
TRAN, NOISE, or DISTO.
ov1 …
Output variables to plot.
plo1,phi1 …
Lower and upper plot limits.
Power calculation is associated only with transient and
DC sweep analyses. The .MEASURE statement may be
used to compute the average, rms, minimum, maximum,
and peak to peak value of the power. POWER invokes
the total power dissipation output. See “.PRINT” or
“.PLOT” in the HSPICE Command Reference.
Output Format
77
AC Analysis Output
See “AC Analysis Output Variables” in the HSPICE
Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
Nodal Voltage
General Form
Vz(n1<,n2>)
z
Voltage output type.
DB
Decibel
I
Imaginary Part
M
Magnitude
P
Phase
R
Real Part
T
Group Delay
n1, n2
Node names. If you omit n2, HSPICE assumes
ground (node 0).
See “Nodal Voltage” in the HSPICE Simulation and
Analysis User Guide.
Current: Independent Voltage Sources
General Form
Iz(Vxxx)
Vxxx
Voltage source element name. If an independent
power supply is within a subcircuit, then to access
its current output, append a dot and the subcircuit
name to the element name.
z
Current output type. See Nodal Voltage in the
HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User Guide for
specific output types.
See “Current: Independent Voltage Sources” in the
HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
78
Output Format
Current: Element Branches
General Form
Izn(Wwww)
n
Node position number in element statement.
Wwww
Element name. If the element is within a subcircuit,
then to access its current output, append a dot and
the subcircuit name to the element name.
z
Current output type. See Nodal Voltage of the
HSPICE Simulation and Analysis User Guide for
specific output types.
See “Current: Element Branches” in the HSPICE
Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
Group Time Delay t
General Form
VT(n1<,n2>)
or
IT(Vxxx)
or
ITn(Wwww)
n1, n2
Node names. If you omit n2, HSPICE assumes
grough (node 0).
Vxxx
Independent voltage source element name.
n
Node position number in element statement.
Wwww
Element name
Since there is discontinuity in phase each 360 degrees,
the same discontinuity occurs in the Td, even though Td
is continuous.
See “Group Time Delay” in the HSPICE Simulation and
Analysis User Guide.
Network Output
General Form
Xij (z), ZIN(z), ZOUT(z), YIN(z), YOUT(z)
ij
i and j can be 1 or 2. They identify the matrix
parameter to print.
X
Specifies Z for impedance, Y for admittance, H for
hybrid, or S for scattering parameters.
YIN
Input admittance.
YOUT
Output admittance.
z
Output type. If you omit z, HSPICE or HSPICE RF
prints the magnitude of the output variable.
Output Format
79
ZIN
Input impedance. For a one-port network, ZIN, Z11,
and H11 are the same.
ZOUT
Output impedance.
See “Network” in the HSPICE Simulation and Analysis
User Guide.
Noise and Distortion
General Form
ovar <(z)>
See “Nodal Voltage” on page 80 for specific output types.
ovar
Noise and distortion analysis parameter.
z
Output type (only for distortion).
See “Noise and Distortion” in the HSPICE Simulation and
Analysis User Guide.
Element Template Output
Use for DC, AC, or Transient Analysis.
General Form
Elname:Property
Elname
Name of the element.
Property
Property name of an element, such as a userinput parameter, state variable, stored charge,
capacitance current, capacitance, or derivative of
a variable.
See “Element Template Output” in the HSPICE
Simulation and Analysis User Guide.
Element Template Listings
Resistor
Name
80
Alias
Description
G
LV1
Conductance at analysis temperature
R
LV2
Resistance at analysis temperature
TC1
LV3
First temperature coefficient
TC2
LV4
Second temperature coefficient
Output Format
Capacitor
Name
Alias
Description
CEFF
LV1
Computed effective capacitance
IC
LV2
Initial condition
Q
LX0
Charge stored in capacitor
CURR
LX1
Current flowing through capacitor
VOLT
LX2
Voltage across capacitor
–
LX3
Capacitance (not used in HSPICE releases
after 95.3)
Inductor
Name Alias Description
LEFF
LV1
Computed effective inductance
IC
LV2
Initial condition
FLUX
LX0
Flux in the inductor
VOLT
LX1
Voltage across inductor
CURR
LX2
Current flowing through inductor
–
LX4
Inductance (not used in HSPICE releases after
95.3)
Mutual Inductor
Name
Alias Description
K
LV1
Mutual inductance
Voltage-Controlled Voltage Source
(E Element)
Name
Alias
Description
VOLT
LX0
Source voltage
CURR
LX1
Current through source
CV
LX2
Controlling voltage
DV
LX3
Derivative of source voltage with
respect to control current
Output Format
81
Current-Controlled Current Source
(F Element)
Name
Alias
Description
CURR
LX0
Current through source
CI
LX1
Controlling current
DI
LX2
Derivative of source current with respect to
control current
Voltage-Controlled Current Source
(G Element)
Name
Alias
Description
CURR
LX0
Current through the source, if VCCS
R
LX0
Resistance value, if VCR
C
LX0
Capacitance value, if VCCAP
CV
LX1
Controlling voltage
CQ
LX1
Capacitance charge, if VCCAP
DI
LX2
Derivative of source current with respect to control
voltage
ICAP
LX2
Capacitance current, if VCCAP
VCAP
LX3
Voltage across capacitance, if VCCAP
Current-Controlled Voltage Source
(H Element)
Name
Alias
Description
VOLT
LX0
Source voltage
CURR
LX1
Source current
CI
LX2
Controlling current
DV
LX3
Derivative of source voltage with respect to
control current
Independent Voltage Source
82
Name
Alias
Description
VOLT
LV1
DC/transient voltage
VOLTM
LV2
AC voltage magnitude
VOLTP
LV3
AC voltage phase
Output Format
Independent Current Source
Name
Alias
Description
CURR
LV1
DC/transient current
CURRM
LV2
AC current magnitude
CURRP
LV3
AC current phase
Name
Alias
Description
AREA
LV1
Diode area factor
AREAX
LV23
Area after scaling
Diode
IC
LV2
Initial voltage across diode
VD
LX0
Voltage across diode (VD), excluding RS
(series resistance)
IDC
LX1
DC current through diode (ID), excluding RS.
Total diode current is the sum of IDC and ICAP
GD
LX2
Equivalent conductance (GD)
QD
LX3
Charge of diode capacitor (QD)
ICAP
LX4
Current through diode capacitor.
Total diode current is the sum of IDC and ICAP.
C
LX5
Total diode capacitance
PID
LX7
Photo current in diode
BJT
Name
Alias
Description
AREA
LV1
Area factor
ICVBE
LV2
Initial condition for base-emitter voltage
(VBE)
ICVCE
LV3
Initial condition for collector-emitter
voltage (VCE)
MULT
LV4
Number of multiple BJTs
FT
LV5
FT (Unity gain bandwidth)
ISUB
LV6
Substrate current
GSUB
LV7
Substrate conductance
LOGIC
LV8
LOG 10 (IC)
LOGIB
LV9
LOG 10 (IB)
BETA
LV10
BETA
LOGBETAI
LV11
LOG 10 (BETA) current
Output Format
83
84
Name
Alias
Description
ICTOL
LV12
Collector current tolerance
IBTOL
LV13
Base current tolerance
RB
LV14
Base resistance
GRE
LV15
Emitter conductance, 1/RE
GRC
LV16
Collector conductance, 1/RC
PIBC
LV18
Photo current, base-collector
PIBE
LV19
Photo current, base-emitter
VBE
LX0
VBE
VBC
LX1
Base-collector voltage (VBC)
CCO
LX2
Collector current (CCO)
CBO
LX3
Base current (CBO)
GPI
LX4
g π = ¹ib /¹vbe, constant vbc
GU
LX5
gµ = ¹ib /¹vbc, constant vbe
GM
LX6
gm = ¹ic /¹vbe+ ¹ic /¹vbe, constant vce
G0
LX7
g0 = ¹ic /¹vce, constant vbe
QBE
LX8
Base-emitter charge (QBE)
CQBE
LX9
Base-emitter charge current (CQBE)
QBC
LX10
Base-collector charge (QBC)
CQBC
LX11
Base-collector charge current (CQBC)
QCS
LX12
Current-substrate charge (QCS)
CQCS
LX13
Current-substrate charge current
(CQCS)
QBX
LX14
Base-internal base charge (QBX)
CQBX
LX15
Base-internal base charge current
(CQBX)
GXO
LX16
1/Rbeff Internal conductance (GXO)
CEXBC
LX17
Base-collector equivalent current
(CEXBC)
–
LX18
Base-collector conductance
(GEQCBO) (not used in HSPICE
releases after 95.3)
CAP_BE
LX19
cbe capacitance (C Π )
CAP_IBC
LX20
cbc internal base-collector capacitance
(Cµ)
Output Format
Name
Alias
Description
CAP_SCB
LX21
csc substrate-collector capacitance for
vertical transistors
csb substrate-base capacitance for
lateral transistors
CAP_XBC
LX22
cbcx external base-collector
capacitance
CMCMO
LX23
¹(TF*IBE) /¹vbc
VSUB
LX24
Substrate voltage
JFET
Name
Alias Description
AREA
LV1
JFET area factor
VDS
LV2
Initial drain-source voltage
VGS
LV3
Initial gate-source voltage
PIGD
LV16
Photo current, gate-drain in JFET
PIGS
LV17
Photo current, gate-source in JFET
VGS
LX0
VGS
VGD
LX1
Gate-drain voltage (VGD)
CGSO
LX2
Gate-to-source (CGSO)
CDO
LX3
Drain current (CDO)
CGDO
LX4
Gate-to-drain current (CGDO)
GMO
LX5
Transconductance (GMO)
GDSO
LX6
Drain-source transconductance (GDSO)
GGSO
LX7
Gate-source transconductance (GGSO)
GGDO
LX8
Gate-drain transconductance (GGDO)
QGS
LX9
Gate-source charge (QGS)
CQGS
LX10
Gate-source charge current (CQGS)
QGD
LX11
Gate-drain charge (QGD)
CQGD
LX12
Gate-drain charge current (CQGD)
CAP_GS
LX13
Gate-source capacitance
CAP_GD
LX14
Gate-drain capacitance
–
LX15
Body-source voltage (not used in HSPICE
releases after 95.3)
QDS
LX16
Drain-source charge (QDS)
CQDS
LX17
Drain-source charge current (CQDS)
GMBS
LX18
Drain-body (backgate) transconductance
(GMBS)
Output Format
85
MOSFET
86
Name
Alias
Description
L
LV1
Channel length (L)
W
LV2
Channel width (W)
AD
LV3
Area of the drain diode (AD)
AS
LV4
Area of the source diode (AS)
ICVDS
LV5
Initial condition for drain-source
voltage (VDS)
ICVGS
LV6
Initial condition for gate-source voltage
(VGS)
ICVBS
LV7
Initial condition for bulk-source voltage
(VBS)
–
LV8
Device polarity: 1 = forward, 1 = reverse (not used in HSPICE
releases after 95.3)
VTH
LV9
Threshold voltage (bias dependent)
VDSAT
LV10
Saturation voltage (VDSAT)
PD
LV11
Drain diode periphery (PD)
PS
LV12
Source diode periphery (PS)
RDS
LV13
Drain resistance (squares) (RDS)
RSS
LV14
Source resistance (squares) (RSS)
XQC
LV15
Charge sharing coefficient (XQC)
GDEFF
LV16
Effective drain conductance (1/RDeff)
GSEFF
LV17
Effective source conductance (1/
RSeff)
IDBS
LV18
Drain-bulk saturation current at -1 volt
bias
ISBS
LV19
Source-bulk saturation current at -1
volt bias
VDBEFF
LV20
Effective drain bulk voltage
BETAEFF
LV21
BETA effective
GAMMAEFF
LV22
GAMMA effective
DELTAL
LV23
∆ L (MOS6 amount of channel length
modulation) (only valid for LEVELs 1,
2, 3 and 6)
UBEFF
LV24
UB effective (only valid for LEVELs 1,
2, 3 and 6)
VG
LV25
VG drive (only valid for LEVELs 1, 2, 3
and 6)
VFBEFF
LV26
VFB effective
Output Format
Name
Alias
Description
–
LV31
Drain current tolerance (not used in
HSPICE releases after 95.3)
IDSTOL
LV32
Source diode current tolerance
IDDTOL
LV33
Drain diode current tolerance
COVLGS
LV36
Gate-source overlap capacitance
COVLGD
LV37
Gate-drain overlap capacitance
COVLGB
LV38
Gate-bulk overlap capacitance
VBS
LX1
Bulk-source voltage (VBS)
VGS
LX2
Gate-source voltage (VGS)
VDS
LX3
Drain-source voltage (VDS)
CDO
LX4
DC drain current (CDO)
CBSO
LX5
DC source-bulk diode current (CBSO)
CBDO
LX6
DC drain-bulk diode current (CBDO)
GMO
LX7
DC gate transconductance (GMO)
GDSO
LX8
DC drain-source conductance (GDSO)
GMBSO
LX9
DC substrate transconductance
(GMBSO)
GBDO
LX10
Conductance of the drain diode
(GBDO)
GBSO
LX11
Conductance of the source diode
(GBSO)
Meyer and Charge Conservation Model Parameters
QB
LX12
Bulk charge (QB)
CQB
LX13
Bulk charge current (CQB)
QG
LX14
Gate charge (QG)
CQG
LX15
Gate charge current (CQG)
QD
LX16
Channel charge (QD)
CQD
LX17
Channel charge current (CQD)
CGGBO
LX18
CGGBO = ∂Qg/ ∂Vgb= CGS + CGD
+ CGB
CGDBO
LX19
CGDBO = ∂Qg/ ∂Vdb, (for Meyer
CGD = -CGDBO)
CGSBO
LX20
CGSBO = ∂Qg/ ∂Vsb,
(for Meyer CGS = -CGSBO)
CBGBO
LX21
CBGBO = ∂Qb/ ∂Vgb,
(for Meyer CGB = -CBGBO)
Output Format
87
Name
Alias
Description
CBDBO
LX22
CBDBO = -dQb/dVd intrinsic floating
body-to-drain capacitance
CBSBO
LX23
CBSBO = -dQb/dVs intrinsic floating
body-to-source capacitance
QBD
LX24
Drain-bulk charge (QBD)
–
LX25
Drain-bulk charge current (CQBD) (not
used in HSPICE releases after 95.3)
QBS
LX26
Source-bulk charge (QBS)
–
LX27
Source-bulk charge current (CQBS)
(not used in HSPICE releases after
95.3)
CAP_BS
LX28
Bulk-source capacitance
CAP_BD
LX29
Bulk-drain capacitance
CQS
LX31
Channel charge current (CQS)
CDGBO
LX32
CDGBO = ∂Qd/ ∂Vgb
CDDBO
LX33
CDDBO = ∂Qd/ ∂Vdb
CDSBO
LX34
CDSBO = ∂Qd/ ∂Vsb
Saturable Core Element
Name
Alias
Description
MU
LX0
Dynamic permeability (mu) Weber/(amp-turnmeter)
H
LX1
Magnetizing force (H) Ampere-turns/meter
B
LX2
Magnetic flux density (B) Webers/meter2
Saturable Core Winding
Name
88
Alias
Description
LEFF
LV1
Effective winding inductance (Henry)
IC
LV2
Initial condition
FLUX
LX0
Flux through winding (Weber-turn)
VOLT
LX1
Voltage across winding (Volt)
Output Format