Falcon2
User Manual
www.teledynedalsa.com
03-032-20107-03
2
Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
© 2013 Teled yne DALSA, Inc. All inform ation provid ed in this m anual is believed to be accurate and reliable. No responsibility is
assum ed by Teled yne DALSA for its use. Teled yne DALSA reserves the right to make changes to this inform ation w ithout notice.
Reprod uction of this manual in whole or in part, by any m eans, is prohibited w ithout prior perm ission having been obtained fr om
Teled yne DALSA.
Docum ent revised : 02 August 2013.
About Teledyne Technologies and Teledyne DALSA, Inc.
Teled yne Technologies is a lead ing provid er of sophisticated electronic subsystem s, instrum entation and com m unication prod uct s,
engineered system s, aerospace engines, a nd energy and pow er generation system s. Teled yne Technologies‘ operations are prim arily
located in the United States, the United Kingdom and Mexico. For more inform ation, visit Teled yne Technologies‘ w ebsite at
w w w.teled yne.com.
Teled yne DALSA, a Teled yne Technologies com pany, is an international lead er in high performance d igital im aging and
sem icond uctors w ith approxim ately 1,000 em ployees world w id e, headquartered in Waterloo, Ontario, Canad a. Established in 1980,
the com pany d esigns, develops, manufactu res and markets d igital im aging prod ucts and solutions, in add ition to provid ing MEMS
prod ucts and services. For more inform ation, visit Teled yne DALSA‘s w ebsite at ww w .teled ynedalsa.com .
Sales and Support
For further inform ation not includ ed in this manua l, or for inform ation on Teled yne DALSA‘s extensive line of im age sensing
prod ucts, please contact:
North America
Europe
Asia Pacific
700 Technology Park Drive
Billerica, MA
USA, 01821
Tel: 978-670-2000
Fax: 978-670-2010
Em ail: Sales.Am ericas@teled ynedalsa.com
Felix-Wankel-Str. 1
82152 Krailling
Germ any
Tel: +49 89 89 54 57 3-80
Fax: +49 89 89 54 57 3-46
Em ail: Sales.Europe@teled yned alsa.com
Ikebuku ro East 13F
3-4-3 H igashi Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku,
Tokyo
Japan
Tel: +81 3 5960 6353
Fax: +81 3 5960 6354
Em ail: Sales.Asia@teled ynedalsa.com
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Contents
System Precautions ............................................................................................................................................................ 6
General ........................................................................................................................................................... 6
Electrostatic Discharge and the CMOS Sensor ................................................................................................. 6
Protecting Against Dust, Oil, and Scratches .................................................................................................... 6
1. The Falcon2 Cameras ____________________________________________________________________________ 7
Camera Highlights ............................................................................................................................................................. 7
Camera Performance Specifications .................................................................................................................................. 9
Certifications ...................................................................................................................................................................... 10
Shock and Vibration .......................................................................................................................................................... 10
Supported Industry Standards ........................................................................................................................................... 11
Responsivity ....................................................................................................................................................................... 12
Sensor Cosmetic Specifications........................................................................................................................................... 15
Sensor Block Diagram and Pixel Readout ........................................................................................................................ 16
Mechanicals........................................................................................................................................................................ 17
2. Software and Hardware Setup______________________________________________________________________ 18
Minimum Recommended System Requirements ............................................................................................ 18
Setup Steps: Overview ....................................................................................................................................................... 18
1. Install and Configure Frame Grabber and Software (including GUI) ........................................................ 18
2. Connect Camera Link Cables and Power .................................................................................................... 18
3. Establish communicating with the camera.................................................................................................. 18
4. Check camera LED, settings and test pattern .............................................................................................. 18
5. Operate the Camera ................................................................................................................................... 18
Step 1. Install and configure the frame grabber and Software ......................................................................................... 19
Install Frame Grabber .................................................................................................................................... 19
Install Sapera LT and CamExpert ................................................................................................................... 19
Step 2. Connect Power, Data, and Trigger Cables ............................................................................................................. 19
Power Connector ............................................................................................................................................. 20
Camera Link Data Connector .......................................................................................................................... 21
Output Signals, Camera Link Clocking Signals............................................................................................... 21
Input Signals, Camera Link ............................................................................................................................ 21
LEDs ................................................................................................................................................................ 21
Step 3. Establish Communication with the Camera ........................................................................................................... 22
Power on the camera ...................................................................................................................................... 22
Initialize the frame grabber ........................................................................................................................... 22
Initialize communication with the camera ...................................................................................................... 22
Check LED Status ............................................................................................................................................ 22
Software Interface ........................................................................................................................................... 22
4. Camera Operation______________________________________________________________________________ 24
Camera Information Category ........................................................................................................................................... 24
Camera Information Feature Descriptions...................................................................................................... 24
Factory Settings ............................................................................................................................................... 27
Saving and Restoring Camera Settings .......................................................................................................... 28
Acquisition and Transfer Control Category ........................................................................................................................ 29
Sensor Control Category .................................................................................................................................................... 30
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Sensor Control Feature Descriptions ............................................................................................................... 31
Gain and Black Level Control Details ............................................................................................................. 36
Set Aspect Ratio .............................................................................................................................................. 38
Pixel Digitization Bit Depth ............................................................................................................................ 38
Exposure Controls ........................................................................................................................................... 38
Exposure Time ................................................................................................................................................ 40
Internal Frame Rate ....................................................................................................................................... 41
I ∕ O Control Category......................................................................................................................................................... 42
Event Control Feature Descriptions ................................................................................................................. 43
Trigger Modes ................................................................................................................................................. 49
I/O Block Diagram .......................................................................................................................................... 50
CameraLink Control Lines .............................................................................................................................. 50
Opto-coupled Inputs........................................................................................................................................ 50
Opto-Coupled Outputs .................................................................................................................................... 51
Advanced Processing Control Category .............................................................................................................................. 51
Advanced Processing Control Feature Descriptions ........................................................................................ 53
Flat Field Correction and Defective Pixel Detection Overview ........................................................................ 64
How to do an FFC Setup in the Camera .......................................................................................................... 66
How to do a FFC Setup via Sapera CamExpert ............................................................................................... 68
Defective Pixel Detection and Replacement.................................................................................................... 73
Image Format Controls Category....................................................................................................................................... 74
Test Patterns ................................................................................................................................................... 79
Multiple AOI Mode .......................................................................................................................................... 81
Camera Link Transport Layer Category ............................................................................................................................ 82
CameraLink Transport Layer Feature Description.......................................................................................... 83
Serial Port Control Category .............................................................................................................................................. 86
Feature Description......................................................................................................................................... 86
Automatic Serial Speed Detection .................................................................................................................. 87
File Access Control Category .............................................................................................................................................. 87
File Access via the CamExpert Tool ................................................................................................................. 90
Appendix A: Camera Link ___________________________________________________________________________ 92
Output Signals, Camera Link Clocking Signals............................................................................................... 92
Camera Link cable quality and length ............................................................................................................ 92
Data Connector: Camera Link ........................................................................................................................ 92
Appendix B: Camera, Frame Grabber Communication _______________________________________________________ 97
Setting Up Communication between the Camera and the Frame Grabber .................................................... 97
Appendix C: Cleaning the Sensor Window _______________________________________________________________ 99
Appendix D: Internal Flat Field Calibration Algorithms ______________________________________________________ 100
Offset (FPN) Calibration .................................................................................................................................................... 100
Pixel Replacement Calibration .......................................................................................................................................... 100
Gain (PRNU) Calibration ................................................................................................................................................... 100
Appendix E: Three Letter Commands ___________________________________________________________________ 102
Putting Camera In TLC Mode ............................................................................................................................................ 102
Setting the Sapera’s COM Port Mapping ........................................................................................................................... 103
Getting Started .................................................................................................................................................................. 103
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The Help Command (h or ?) ........................................................................................................................... 103
Getting Parameters (gcp or get) ..................................................................................................................... 103
Commands ......................................................................................................................................................................... 104
EMC Declaration of Conformity _______________________________________________________________________ 117
Revision History _________________________________________________________________________________ 118
Index ________________________________________________________________________________________ 119
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
System Precautions
General
Read these p recau tions and this m anu al carefu lly before u sing the cam era.
Confirm that the cam era‘s p ackaging is u nd am aged before op ening it. If the p ackaging is d am aged p lease
contact the related logistics p ersonnel.
Do not op en the hou sing of the cam era. The w arranty is void ed if the hou sing is op ened .
Keep the cam era hou sing tem p eratu re in a range of 0 °C to 50 °C d u ring op eration.
Do not op erate the cam era in the vicinity of strong electrom agnetic field s. In ad d ition, avoid elect rostatic
charging, violent vibration, and excess m oistu re.
To clean the d evice, avoid electrostatic charging by u sing a d ry, clean absorbent cotton cloth d am p ened
w ith a sm all qu antity of p u re alcohol. Do not u se m ethylated alcohol. To clean the su rface o f the cam era
hou sing, u se a soft, d ry cloth. To rem ove severe stains u se a soft cloth d am p ened w ith a sm all qu antity of
neu tral d etergent and then w ip e d ry. Do not u se volatile solvents su ch as benzene and thinners, as they
can d am age the su rface finish. Fu rther cleaning instru ctions are below .
This cam era d oes not su p p ort hot p lu gging. Pow er d ow n and d isconnect p ow er to the cam era before you
ad d or rep lace system com p onents.
Electrostatic Discharge and the CMOS Sensor
Im age sensors and the cam era bod ies h ou sing are su scep tible to d am age from electrostatic d ischarge
(ESD). Electrostatic charge introd u ced to the sensor w ind ow su rface can ind u ce charge bu ild u p on the
u nd ersid e of the w ind ow that cannot be read ily d issip ated by the d ry nitrogen gas in the sens or p ackage
cavity. The charge norm ally d issip ates w ithin 24 hou rs and the sensor retu rns to norm al op eration.
Protecting Against Dust, Oil, and Scratches
The sensor w ind ow is p art of the op tical p ath and shou ld be hand led like other op tical com p onents, w it h
extrem e care. Du st can obscu re p ixels, p rod u cing d ark p atches on the sensor resp onse. Du st is m ost
visible w hen the illu m ination is collim ated . The d ark p atches shift p osition as the angle of illu m ination
changes. Du st is norm ally not visible w hen the sensor is p ositioned at the exit p ort of an integrating
sp here, w here the illu m ination is d iffu se. Du st can norm ally be rem oved by blow ing the w ind ow su rface
u sing an ionized air gu n. Oil is u su ally introd u ced d u ring hand ling. Tou ching the su rface of the w in d ow
barehand ed w ill leave oily resid u es. Using ru bber fingercots and ru bber gloves can p revent
contam ination. H ow ever, the friction betw een ru bber and the w ind ow m ay p rod u ce electrostatic charge
that m ay d am age the sensor. To avoid ESD d am age and to avoid introd u cing oily resid u es, avoid
tou ching the sensor. Scratches d iffract incid ent illu m ination. When exp osed to u niform illu m ination, a
sensor w ith a scratched w ind ow w ill norm ally have brighter p ixels ad jacent to d arker p ixels. The location
of these p ixels w ill change w ith the angle of illu m ination.
For inform ation on cleaning the sensor w ind ow , refer to the Cleaning the Sensor Wind ow section.
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
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1. The Falcon2 Cameras
Camera Highlights
The Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M are Teled yne DALSA‘s new generation of area scan cam eras. The Falcon2
cam eras incorp orate large resolu tions and increased fram e rates, enabling high sp eed im age cap tu re w ith
su p erb sp atial resolu tion.
Featu res su ch as global shu tter and im p roved im age qu ality m ake the Falcon2 cam eras the cam era of
choice in ap p lications w here throu ghp u t, resolu tion , and d ynam ic range m atter. In ad d ition, global
shu ttering rem oves u nw anted sm ear and tim e d isp lacem ent artefacts related to rolling shu tter CMOS
d evices.
Insid e the Falcon2 cam eras are ou r latest 4, 8 and 12 m egap ixel CMOS sensor s w hich have red u ced d ark
noise levels and im p roved d ark offset, FPN (fixed p attern noise) and PRN U (Pixel Resp onse N on Uniform ity) levels. In ad d ition, region of interest featu res create op p ortu nities for higher fram e rates and
new ap p lications.
The cam eras are com p liant w ith Cam era Link™ sp ecifications, d elivering 8 or 10 bits of d ata on 8 or 10
tap s (fram e rates are sp ecified at 8 bits). Further, the M42x1 thread op ening allow s the u se of you r lens of
choice.

Key Features







12, 8 and 4 m ega p ixels
Selectable 4:3 or 1:1 asp ect ratios
Global shu tter
Exp osu re control
Faster fram e rates throu gh w ind ow ing
Good N IR resp onse
Bu ilt-in FPN and PRN U correction

Programmability




Ad ju stable d igital gain and offset
8 or 10 bit selectable ou tp u t
Ad ju stable integration tim e and fram e rate
Test p atterns and cam era d iagnostics

Applications








Au tom ated Op tical Insp ection (AOI)
3D im aging—laser p rofiling
Sem icond u ctor w afer insp ection
Solar p anel insp ection
Electronics m anu factu ring
Su rface and bu m p insp ection
3D sold er p aste insp ection
General m ach ine vision
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Models
The cam era is available in the follow ing configu rations.
Table 1: Camera Models Overview
Model Number
Description
FA-80-12M1H -XX-R
FA-81-12M1H -XX-R
FA-80-8M100-XX-R
FA-81-8M100-XX-R
FA-80-4M180-XX-R
FA-81-4M180-XX-R
12M pixel m onochrom e Cam era Link.
12M pixel color Cam era Link.
8M pixel m onochrom e Cam era Link.
8M pixel color Cam era Link.
4M pixel m onochrom e Cam era Link.
4M pixel color Cam era Link.
Table 2: Software
Software
Cam era firm w are
GenICam ™ su p p ort (XML cam era d escrip tion file)
Recom m end ed : Sap era LT, inclu d ing Cam Exp ert GUI
ap p lication and GenICam for Cam era Link im aging d river.
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Product Number / Version Number
Em bed d ed w ithin cam era
Em bed d ed w ithin cam era
Version 7.20 or later
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
9
Camera Performance Specifications
Table 3: Camera Performance Specifications
Specifications
Performance
Resolution
Pixel Rate
Max. Fram e Rate
Pixel Size
Exposure Tim e
Bit Depth
Dynam ic Range Mono**
Dynam ic Range Color**
Output Form at, Taps
Operating Tem p
4 : 3 aspect ratio: 12M—4096 (H ) x 3072 (V)
8M—3328 (H ) x 2502 (V)
4M—2432 (H ) x 1728 (V)
1 : 1 aspect ratio: 8M—2816 (H ) x 2816 (V)
4M—2048 (H ) x 2048 (V)
8 x 76 MH z or 10 x 76 MH z
12M—58 fps / 8M—90 fps / 4M—168 fps, 10 taps*
6 µm x 6 µm
20 µs m inim um
8 bits or 10 bits, Cam era Link
58 d B, typical
55 d B Green
50 d B Blue
51 d B Red
8 or 10 tap interleaved
0 °C to 50 °C, front plate tem p erature
Connectors and
Mechanicals
Data Interface
Pow er Connector
Pow er Supply
Pow er Dissipation
Mini-USB connector
Lens Mount
Sensor Alignm ent
Size
Mass
2 x Full or Extend ed Cam era Link—SDR26
H irose 12-pin circular
+ 12 V to + 24 V DC
9.5 W, typical
Future use
M42 x 1 (F m ount optional)
± 0.2º in X-Y d irections
60 m m (H ) x 60 m m (W) x 80.5 m m (D)
< 300 g
Compliance
Regulatory Com pliance
CE and RoH S
* Maxim um fram e rates are d epend ent on the aspect ratio used .
**Typical, 12M, 10 Bits per pixel (bpp), sensor bit d epth
Mono Operating Ranges
Units
Rand om N oise
Responsivity
DC Offset
Antibloom ing
FPN
PRN U
Integral non-linearity
DN rm s
DN / (nJ/ cm 2)
DN
DN rm s
DN rm s
DN
Notes
1.3*
See graph
0
>1000 x Saturation
1.7*
2.6*
<2%
Typical, FFC enabled
Figure 1.
FFC enabled
Typical, FFC enabled
Typical, FFC enabled
*12M, 10 bbp , 8 tap s / 10 bits Cam era Link
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Color Operating Ranges
Units
Notes
Rand om Dark N oise
DN rm s
Broad band Responsivity
DC Offset
Antibloom ing
FPN
DN / (nJ/ cm 2)
DN
PRN U
DN rm s
Integral non-linearity
DN
DN rm s
Green – 1.74*
Blue –3.06*
Red –2.72*
See graph
0
>1000 x Saturation
Green –1*
Blue –1.8*
Red –1.5*
Green –2.2*
Blue –3.1*
Red –2.9*
<2%
Typical, FFC enabled
Figure 2.
FFC enabled
Typical, FFC enabled
Typical, FFC enabled
*12M, 10bp p , 8tap s/ 10bits Cam era Link
Table 4: Frame Rates, Aspect Ratio, and Resolution Comparison
Resolution Aspect Ratio Maximum
Maximum
Column
Rows
12M
8M
8M
4M
4M
4:3
1:1
4:3
1:1
4:3
4096
2816
3328
2048
2432
3072
2816
2502
2048
1728
Frame
Rate
8 BPP*
Frame
Rate
9 BPP*
Frame Rate
10 BPP*
58
90
86
148
168
58
89
86
122
145
58
66
74
91
108
* Sensor bits p er p ixel
An online fram e rate calcu lator is available from the Falcon2 p rod u ct p age on the Teled yne DALSA site,
here.
Certifications
Compliance
EN 55011, CISPR 11, EN 55022, CISPR 22, FCC Part 15, and ICES-003 Class A Em issions Requirem ents.
EN 55024, and EN 61326-1 Im m unity to Disturbance.
Shock and Vibration
The cam eras m eet or exceed the follow ing sp ecifications:


Rand om vibration p er MIL-STD-810F at 25 G 2/ H Z [Pow er Sp ectral
Density] or 5 RMS
Shock testing 75 G p eak acceleration p er MIL-STD-810F
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
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Supported Industry Standards
GenICam™
Falcon2 cam eras im p lem ent a su p erset of the GenICam ™ sp ecification w hich d efines d evice cap abilities.
This d escrip tion takes the form of an XML d evice d escrip tion file resp ecting the syntax d efined by the
GenAp i m od u le of the GenICam ™ sp ecificatio n. For m ore inform ation see w w w .genicam .org.
Com m u nication betw een the fram e grabber and cam era occu rs u sing the GenCP m od u le (Generic
Control Protocol).
Further GenICam inform ation and d ocu m entation is available from the Eu rop ean Machine Vision
Association‘s Web site (w w w .em va.org).
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Responsivity
The resp onsivity grap h d escribes the cam era‘s resp onse to d ifferent w avelengths of light (exclu d ing lens
and light sou rce characteristics).
Figure 1: Falcon2 Monochrome 8M Spectral Responsivity
Note: 8 Taps, 10 bits Camera Link, FFC on, 24 fps (except 400 nm, measured at 10 fps), ND 0.3 filtered light
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
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Figure 2: Falcon2 Color 12M (4096x3072) Spectral Responsivity
30
Responsivity [DN/nJ/cm2]
25
20
Red
15
GreenRed
GreenBlue
Blue
10
5
0
400 440 480 520 560 600 640 680 720 760 800 840 880
Wavelength (nm)
Note: 8 taps 10 bits Camera link, 9 Bit sensor digitization, FFC on, color corrected, 4 fps (except for color red, which used different
frame rate at wavelength 560nm and below: 400~480nm was done at 1.8 fps, 500 nm was done at 4 fps and 520~560), BG 38
filtered light
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Figure 3: Quantum Efficiency
60.0%
[IN SERT QE GRAPH HERE]
eff. QE [%]
50.0%
40.0%
CM25M Effective Spectral Quantum Efficiency
CM28M
30.0%
20.0%
10.0%
0.0%
400
500
600
700
800
900
Wavelength (nm)
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
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Sensor Cosmetic Specifications
The follow ing table lists the cu rrent cosm etic sp ecifications for the Teled yne DALSA sensor u sed in the
Falcon2 series.
Feature /
Specification
Unit
Dark Pixel Definition absolute ou tput level
DN
> 500
Dark Pixel Count
#
50
Light Pixel Definition d eviates from fram e
average
%
± 30
4 fram e average im age
for scene & d ark correction
60
Illum inated w ith d iffused
light source
Average Fram e
Output Level
% SAT
Tolerated Count
#
Detection Threshold
-
Tolerated Count
#
MIN
40
Glass Spot Defect
Definition
Detection Threshold
50
MAX
Groups of
d ark and light pixels
4 fram e average
com bined d ark and light pixel
d efects
7
Groups of
d ark and light pixels
#
Notes
50
Detection Threshold
Tolerated Count
TYP
-
d efects/ kernel 8 / 3x3
Based on estim ation algorithm
Com bined d ark and light pixel
d efects
0
8 / 3x3
Illum inated w ith aperture
(collim ated ) light source
% of avage
±8
4 fram e average - any pixel outsid e
± 8% of average
Tolerated Count
#
1
1 spot of 9 pixels allow ed . N o lim it
on spots below 9 pixels
Colum n Defect
Definition
d efects/ kernel
> 8 / 1x12
Colum n Defect Count
#
0
Row Defect Definition
d efects/ kernel
> 8 / 12x1
#
0
Row Defect Count
Table 5: Sensor Cosmetic Specifications
D efinition of Blemishes
 Dark p ixel d efect: Pixel w hose signal, in d ark, exceed s 500 DN .
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual







Light p ixel d efect: Pixel w hose signal, at nom inal light (illu m ination at 50 % of the linear range),
d eviates m ore than ±30 % from its neighbou ring p ixels.
Clu ster d efect: A grou p ing of at m ost 2 to 5 p ixel d efects w ithin a su b-area of 3*3 p ixels.
Glass Sp ot d efect: A grou p ing of 9 p ixel d efects w ithin a su b -area of 3*3 p ixels.
Colu m n d efect: A colu m n that has m ore than 8 d efect p ixels in a 1*12 kernel.
Row d efect: A row that has m ore than 8 d efects in a 12*1 kernel.
Test cond itions Tem p eratu re: 40 °C.
Integration Tim e: 12 m s.
Sensor Block Diagram and Pixel Readout
Figure 4: 8 Tap Camera Link Configuration Sensor Block Diagram. 8M Color Camera at Aspect Ratio 4 : 3.
N otes:
 As view ed looking at the front of the cam era w ithout a lens. (The Teled yne DALSA logo on the
sid e of the case w ill be right-sid e u p .)
 The m onochrom e cam era u ses the sam e layou t, bu t w ithou t the color filters.
 The color cam era m od el has a Bayer filter ap p lied to the CMOS sensor to allow for color
sep aration. Each ind ivid u al p ixel is covered by either a red , green, or blu e filter as show n i n the
figu re above. The cam era ou tp u ts raw color d ata —no color interp olation is p erform ed . Full RGB
im ages can be obtained by p erform ing color interp olation on the fram e grabber or host PC. For
reference the green p ixels horizontally ad jacent to the red p ixels w ill be referred to as Green -Red
p ixels w hile Green-Blu e w ill referred to the Green p ixels next to the blu e p ixels
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60 B0.05
(39)
(80.6)
M42x1 - 6H
(30)
M4x0.7 - 6H Z 7
(3X) THIS SIDE
(3X) FAR SIDE
30 B0.05
B
C
±0.2°
IMAGE
AREA
CENTER OF
IMAGE AREA
(7)
(30)
A
[ADD MECH AN ICAL PDF H ERE]
NOTES:
1. UNITS: MILLIMETERS.
2. IMAGE AREA IS ALIGNED TO DATUMS A B & C .
M4x0.7 - 6H Z 7
(2X) THIS SIDE
(2X) FAR SIDE
12 B0.30 OPTICAL DISTANCE
H 0.20 A
E 0.05
(1)
(14)
M4x0.7 - 6H Z 7
(4X)
30.25 B0.05
(7)
(14)
(10.5)
(4)
(14)
Teledyne DALSA
(70.1)
60 B0.05
(39)
Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
17
Mechanicals
Figure 5: Camera Mechanical
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2. Software and Hardware Setup
Minimum Recommended System Requirements
To achieve best system p erform ance, the follow ing m inim u m requ irem ents are recom m end ed :
 H igh band w id th fram e grabber, e.g. DALSA PX8 Full Cam era link fram e grabber (Part # OR-X8COXPF00).
 PCI x8 slot.
 Op erating system : Wind ow s XP 32-bit.
Setup Steps: Overview
Take the follow ing step s in ord er to setu p and ru n you r cam era system . They are d escribed bri efly below
and in m ore d etail in the sections that follow .
1. Install and Configure Frame Grabber and Software (including
GUI)
Install a fram e grabber that su p p orts the cam era‘s band w id th.Follow the m anu factu rer‘s installation
instru ctions.
A GenICam ™ com p liant XML d evice d escrip tion file is em bed d ed w ithin the Falcon2 firm w are allow ing
GenCP com p liant ap p lications to know the cam era‘s cap abilities im m ed iately after connection.
Installing Sap eraLT gives you access to the Cam Exp ert GUI, a GenCP com p liant ap p lication. The
Sap eraLT softw are is available from the Falcon2 p age of the Teled yne DALSA Web site, here.
2. Connect Camera Link Cables and Power



Connect the Cam era Link cables from the cam era to the com p u ter.
Connect a p ow er cable from the cam era to a +12 VDC to +24 VDC (±5 %) p ow er su p p ly.
N ote: once p ow ered d ow n, the cam era m u st rem ain off for a m inim u m of 10 second s before
being tu rned on again in ord er to fu lly reboot.
3. Establish communicating with the camera
Start the softw are and establish com m u nication w ith the cam era.
4. Check camera LED, settings and test pattern
Ensu re the cam era is op erating p rop erly by checking the LED, the cu rrent, active settings, and by
acqu iring a test p attern.
5. Operate the Camera
At this p oint you w ill be read y to start op erating the cam era in ord er to acqu ire im ages, set cam era
fu nctions, and save settings.
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Step 1. Install and configure the frame grabber
and Software
Install Frame Grabber
Install a com p atible Cam era link fram e grabber accord ing to the m anu factu rer‘s d escrip tion.
We recom m end the X64 Xcelera-CL PX8 fram e grabber or equ ivalent, d escribed in d etail on the
teled yned alsa.com site here.
Install Sapera LT and CamExpert
Com m u nicate w ith the cam era u sing a Cam era Link -com p liant interface. We recom m end you u se
Cam Exp ert. Cam Exp ert is the cam era interfacing tool su p p orted by the Sap era library and com es
bu nd led w ith Sap eraLT. Using Cam Exp ert is the sim p lest and qu ickest w ay to send com m and s to and
receive inform ation from the cam era.
Camera link Environment
These cam eras im p lem ent the Cam era link sp ecification, w hich d efines the d evice cap abilities.
The Cam era link XML d evice d escrip tion file is em bed d ed w ithin the cam era firm w are allow ing Cam era
link-com p liant ap p lications to recognize the cam era ‘s cap abilities im m ed iately after conn ection.
Step 2. Connect Power, Data, and Trigger Cables
N ote: the u se of cables typ es and lengths other than those sp ecified m ay resu lt in increased em ission or
d ecreased im m u nity and p erform ance of the cam era.
!
Teledyne DALSA
Figure 6: Input and Output, trigger, and Power Connectors
WARN IN G! Grounding Instructions
Static electricity can d am age electronic com p onents. It‘s critical that you d ischarge any static
electrical charge by tou ching a grou nd ed su rface, su ch as the m etal com p u ter chassis, before
p erform ing hand ling the cam era hard w are.
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Power Connector
WARN IN G: It is extrem ely im p ortant that you ap p ly the ap p rop riate voltages to you r cam era.
Incorrect voltages m ay d am age the cam era. Inp u t voltage requ irem ent: +12 VDC to +24 VDC
(± 5 %), 2 Am p s. Before connecting p ow er to the cam era, test all p ow er su p p lies.
!
9
1
2
3
10
8
11 12
7
4
5
6
Figure 7: 12-pin Hirose Circular Male Power Plug—Power Connector
Pin
1
2
3
4
5
6
Description
Table 6. Power Plug Pinout
Pin
Description
GN D
+12 V to +24 V DC
OUT0_C1
OUT0_C2
IN 1IN 1+
7
8
9
10
11
12
OUT1_C1/ Strobe_C1
OUT1_C0/ Strobe_C0
GN D
+12 V to +24 V DC
IN 2+/ Trigger
IN 2-/ Trigger
WARNING: When setting up the camera’s power supplies follow these guidelines:
!





Ap p ly the ap p rop riate voltages.
Protect the cam era w ith a 2 am p slow -blow fu se betw een the p ow er su p p ly and the cam era.
Do not u se the shield on a m u lti-cond u ctor cable for grou nd .
Keep lead s as short as p ossible in ord er to red u ce voltage d rop .
Use high-qu ality linear su p p lies in ord er to m inim ize noise.
Note: If your power supply does not meet these requirements, then the camera performance specifications are not
guaranteed.
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Camera Link Data Connector
The cam eras u se tw o m ini-Cam era Link SDR-26 cables transm itting the Cam era Link Fu ll or Extend ed
configu ration. For a d escrip tion of the connectors and the Full and Extend ed configu rations refer here,
Data Connector: Cam era Link.
Output Signals, Camera Link Clocking Signals
These signals ind icate w hen d ata is valid , allow ing you to clock the d ata from the cam era to you r
acqu isition system . These signals are p art of the Cam era Link configu ra tion and you shou ld refer to the
Cam era Link Im p lem entation Road Map , available at ou r Know led ge Center, for the stand ard location of
these signals.
Input Signals, Camera Link
The cam era accep ts control inp u ts throu gh the m ini-Cam era Link SDR-26F connector.
The cam era ship s (factory setting) in internal sync, and internally triggered integration.
Frame Start Trigger (EXSYNC)
The EXSYN C signal tells the cam era w hen to integrate and read ou t the im age. It can be either an
internally generated signal by the cam era, or it can be su p p lied externally via CC, GPIO, and softw are
com m and .
LEDs
The cam era is equ ip p ed w ith an LED on the back to d isp lay the op erational statu s of the cam era. The
table below su m m arizes the op erating states of the cam era and the corresp ond ing LED states. When m ore
than one cond ition is active, the LED ind icates the cond ition w ith the highest p riority.
Color of Status LED Meaning
Off
Red solid
Red solid
Blue solid
Blue slow blinking
Blue solid
Green solid
Teledyne DALSA
N o pow er or hardw are m alfunction
Warning (e.g. tem perature)
Fatal error state
Upgrad ing internal firmw are
Cam era w aiting for w arm up to com plete
At initial pow er up an d w hen acquisition is d isabled . This happens w hen changing a
cam era feature that effects the im age output (e.g. aoi, bit d epth, etc.)
Free-running acquisition
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Step 3. Establish Communication with the
Camera
Power on the camera
Tu rn on the cam era‘s p ow er su p p ly. You m ay have to w ait u p to 60 second s for the cam era to w arm u p
and p rep are itself for op eration. The cam era m u st boot fu lly before it w ill be recognized by the GUI —the
LED tu rns green once the cam era is read y.
Initialize the frame grabber
1. Start Sap era Cam Exp ert (or an equ ivalent GenCP-com p liant interface) by d ou ble clicking the d esktop
icon created d u ring the softw are installation.
2. Cam Exp ert w ill search for Sap era d evices installed on you r system . In the Devices list area on t he left
sid e of the GUI, the connected fram e grabber w ill be show n.
3. Select the fram e grabber d evice by clicking on its nam e.
N ote: The first tim e you set u p the cam era you w ill need to establish a com m u nication link betw een the
cam era and fram e grabber. Instru ctions are available in the ap p end ix, here.
Initialize communication with the camera
1. Start a new Sap era Cam Exp ert ap p lication (or equ ivalent Cam era Link com p liant interfa ce) by d ou ble
clicking the d esktop icon created d u ring the softw are installation.
2. Cam Exp ert w ill search for Sap era d evices installed on you r system . In the Devices list area on the left
sid e of the GUI, the connected Falcon2 cam era w ill be show n.
3. Select the Falcon2 cam era d evice by clicking on the cam era‘s u ser-d efined nam e. By d efau lt the cam era
is id entified by its serial nu m ber.
Check LED Status
At this p oint, if the cam era is op erating correctly the d iagnostic LED w ill flash blu e for ap p roxim ately 10
second s and then tu rn solid green .
Software Interface
All the cam era featu res can be controlled throu gh the GUI. For exam p le, u nd er the Sensor Control m enu
in the cam era w ind ow you can control the fram e rate and exp osu re tim es.
N ote: the cam era u ses tw o instances of Cam Exp ert. One w ind ow controls the cam era and one d isp lays
the ou tp u t received from the fram e grabber.
Also N ote: If Cam Exp ert is ru nning d u ring a cam era reset op eration, then you w ill have to reload the GUI
w ind ow u sed to control the cam era once the cam era is p ow ered u p again. Do this by either (1) closing
and reop ening the Cam Exp ert w ind ow , or (2) by going to ―Im age View er‖ in the ―Device‖ tab and
selecting the cam era again.
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Figure 8: Two CamExpert windows shown: one connected to the frame grabber and one connected to the camera
At this p oint you are read y to start op erating the cam era in ord er to acqu ire im ages, set cam era fu nctions,
and save settings.
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4. Camera Operation
Camera Information Category
The cam era inform ation gr ou p p rovid es general inform ation abou t the cam era. Param eters su ch as
cam era m od el and firm w are version u niqu ely id entify the connected d evice. As w ell, tem p eratu re can be
m onitored and u ser sets can be save and load ed to and from the cam era‘s no n-volatile m em ory u sing the
featu res grou p ed here.
In this category, the number of features shown are identical whether the view is Beginner, Expert, or Guru. Features
listed in the description table but tagged as Invisible are usually for Teledyne DALSA or third party software
usage—and not typicallyrequired by end-user applications.
Figure 9: Camera Information Category in CamExpert
Camera Information Feature Descriptions
The follow ing table d escribes these p aram eters along w ith their view attribu te and in w hich firm w are
version the featu re w as introd u ced .
Ad d itionally, the N am e category ind icates w hich p aram eter is a m em ber of the DALSA Featu res N am ing
Convention (u sing the tag DFNC), verses the GenICam Stand ard Featu res N am ing Convention (SFN C),
and w hich is a cu stom cam era featu re. As Falcon2 cap abilities evolve the firm w are release tag w ill
increase; thereby id entifying the su p p orted fu nction p ackage.
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N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
Teledyne DALSA
25
D eviceVendorN ame
[Device] Vendor N ame
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -only
String
Teled yne DALSA
D eviceModelN ame
[Device] Model N ame
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -only
String
e.g. ―FA_80_8M100_01
D eviceFamilyN ame
[Device] Family N ame
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -only
String
Falcon2
D eviceVersion
D evice Version
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -only
String
e.g. ―255.90.259
This is an autom atically generated num ber that specifically id entifies the softw are build .
D eviceFirmw areVersion
Firmw are Version
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -only
String
e.g. ―03-081-20261-05
The release num ber of the cam era's firmw are.
D eviceTemperatureSelector
[Device] Temperature Selector
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Sensor - tem perature sensor on sensor board
M ainboard- tem perature sensor on m ain board
Changing this value w ill force the cam era to read and upd ate the DeviceTemperature Feature.
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N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Units
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
N otes
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D eviceTemperature
Temperature ( C )
Stand ard
00
Expert
Read -only
Float
d egrees Celsius
0 - 100 C
Depend ing on the host application (e.g. GUI). This value is a polled value and m ay
autom atically be upd ated every second . Otherw ise the value w ill only be upd ated upon
connection or w hen the tem perature selector is chan ged.
D eviceUserID
D evice User ID
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -Write
String
e.g. ―My Cam era
This feature is autom atically saved to the cam era's non volatile m em ory w hen it is w ritten.
UserSetD efaultSelector
[User Set Default Selector] Pow er-up Configuration
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
N one - no d efault set is load ed . The cam era uses m od el d efault values and no factory
calibrated values
Factory - load factory calibrated d efaults
UserSetx―load previously saved user set x (w here x is num ber betw een 1 and 4)
Selects the cam era configuration set to load and m ake active on cam era pow er -up or reset.
The cam era configuration sets are stored in cam era non -volatile m em ory.
The feature value autom atically saved to th e cam era's non -volatile m em ory w hen it is
w ritten.
UserSetSelector
User Set Selector
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Factory - factory calibrated d efaults
UserSetx―previously saved user set x (w here x is num ber betw een 1 and 4 )
Selects the cam era configuration set to load feature settings from or save current feature
settings to. The Factory set contains d efault cam era feature settings. Disable d w hen
flatfieldCorrectionM ode = Calibration.
UserSetLoad
User Set Load
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Com m and
Load s the cam era configuration set specified by the User Set Selector feature, from the
cam era and m akes it active. Disabled w hen flatfieldCorrectionM ode = Calibration.
Teledyne DALSA
Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Typ e
N otes
27
UserSetSave
User Set Save
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Com m and
Saves the cam era configuration set specified by the User Set Selector feature, to the cam era.
Disabled w hen flatfieldCorrectionM ode = Calibration or UserSetSelector = Factory.
Invisible Features
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
deviceD FN CVersionMajor
D FN C Major revision
DFN C
00
Invisible
Read -only
Integer
1
Major revision of Dalsa Feature N am ing Convention w hich w as used to create the d evice‘s
XML.
deviceD FN CVersionMajor
D FN C Major revision
DFN C
00
Invisible
Read -only
Integer
0
Minor revision of Dalsa Feature N am ing Convention w hich w as used to create the d evice‘s
XML.
Factory Settings
The cam era ship s and p ow ers u p for the first tim e w ith the follow ing factory settings:

Flat field coefficients enabled (calibrated in internal exp osu re m od e, non -concu rrent read ou t and
integration).

Internal exp osu re m od e (internal fram e rate and exp osu re tim e).

Maxim u m fram e rate and exp osu re tim e.

Extend ed Cam era Link m od e 10 tap s, 8 bits, 76 MH z p ixel rate.

4:3 asp ect ratio.
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Saving and Restoring Camera Settings
When the u ser changes a cam era p aram eter, the settings are stored in the cam era‘s volatile m em ory and
w ill be lost if the cam era resets or is p ow ered d ow n. To save these settings for reu se, they m u st be saved
to the cam era‘s non-volatile m em ory u sing the User Set Save p aram eter. Previou sly saved u ser setting
(User Set 1 to 4) or the factory settings can be restored u sing the User Set Selector and User Set Load
p aram eters.
Either the Factory or one of the User settings can be sp ecified as the Defau lt Set by selecting it in the User
Set Defau lt Selector. The chosen set is au tom atically load ed w hen the cam era is reset or p ow ered u p . It
shou ld also be noted that the valu e of Defau lt Selector w ill au tom atically get save in non -volatile m em ory
w henever it is changed
The relationship betw een these three settings is illu strated in Figu re 10.
Figure 10: Relationship between the Camera Settings
N OTE: If a test p attern is active w hen you save the User set, the cam era w ill tu rn off all d igital p rocessing
u p on restart. For exam p le:
1. Set the test im age selector to FPN Diagonal Pattern .
2. Do FPN Calibration and save the coefficient set .
3. Change the FFC m od e to A ctiveA ll.
4. Set the d efau lt selector to UserSet1.
5. Save User Set 1.
6. Pow er cycle the cam era.
7. Reconnect to the cam era throu gh Cam Exp ert.
8. The FFC m od e w ill be Off w hen it shou ld be A ctiveA ll.
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Acquisition and Transfer Control Category
This category contains invisible registers that su p p ort featu re stream ing. Featu re stream ing is the p rocess
w here featu re valu es are read from or w ritten to the cam era in a batch. Valid ation of the d ata is
p ostp oned u ntil the stream ing is end ed . See figu re below .
Figure 11 Streaming Feature Data to the Camera
Featu re Valid ation is tu rned off in this m od e so that the ord er in w hich the featu re valu es are set is
irrelevant. For exam p le, if valid ation w as on d u ring this p rocess A cquisitionFrameRate w ou ld have to be
set before Exp osu reTim e becau se the m axim u m Exp osu reTim e can be lim ited b y the cam era‘s fram e rate.
Cam Exp ert u ses featu re stream ing w hen saving or load ing the cam era‘s ccf file. This file can be u sed to
clone cam eras so that they have the sam e settings. Most GUIs and SDKs w ill hid e this fu nctionality.
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
N otes
Teledyne DALSA
D eviceRegistersStreamingStart
D evice Registers Streaming Start
SFN C
05
Invisible
Read -Write
Com m and
Announces the start of registers stream ing w ithout im m ed iate checking for consistency.
D eviceRegistersStreamingEnd
D evice Registers Streaming End
SFN C
05
Invisible
Read -Write
Com m and
Announces end of registers stream ing and perform s valid ation for regis ters consistency
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N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
N otes
Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
before activating them .
D eviceRegistersPersistenceStart
D evice Registers Persistence Start
SFN C
05
Invisible
Read -Write
Com m and
Available and autom atic w ith GenAPI 2.4. Called first before a cam era configuration feature
save w ith third party SDK if it is not GenAPI 2.4 com pliant.
D eviceRegistersPersistenceEnd
D evice Registers Persistence End
SFN C
05
Invisible
Read -Write
Com m and
Available and autom atic w ith GenAPI 2.4. Called after a cam era configuration feature save
w ith third party SDK if it is not GenAPI 2.4 com pliant.
D eviceRegistersCheck
Registers Check
SFN C
05
Invisible
Read -Write
Com m and
Perform s an explicit register set valid ation for consistency.
D eviceRegistersValid
Registers Valid
SFN C
05
Invisible
Read -Write
Boolean
States if the current register set is valid and consistent.
Sensor Control Category
The Falcon2 sensor controls, as show n by Cam Exp ert, grou p s sensor sp ecific p aram e ters. Param eters in
gray are read only, either alw ays or d u e to another p aram eter being d isabled . Param eters in black are
u ser set in Cam Exp ert or p rogram m able via an im aging ap p lication.
Featu res listed in the d escrip tion table bu t tagged as Invisible are u su ally for Teled yne DALSA or third
p arty softw are u sage—not typ ically need ed by end u ser ap p lications.
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Sensor Control Feature Descriptions
The following table describes these parameters along with their view attribute and minimum camera firmware
version required. Additionally the firmware column will indicate which parameter is a member of the DALSA
Features Naming Convention (DFNC) verses the GenICam Standard Features Naming Convention (SFNC) or a
custom camera feature.
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
Teledyne DALSA
D eviceScanType
D evice Scan Type
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -only
Enum eration
"Areascan"
sensorColorType
Sensor Color Type
DFN C
04
Beginner
Read -only
Enum eration
"Monochrom e" for m onochrom e cam era
"CFA Bayer Sensor" for color cam era (CFA = Color filter array)
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N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Units
Values
N otes
N ame
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Units
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
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SensorWidth
Sensor Width
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -only
Integer
See Table 8 for m axim um w id th for given m od el and aspect ratios
The m axim um w id th (in pixels) of the AOI for the given aspect ratio
(sensorResolutionAspectRatio)
SensorHeight
Sensor Height
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -only
Integer
See Table 8 for m axim um H eight for given m od el and aspect ratios
The m axim um height (in pixels) of the AOI for the given aspect ratio
(sensorResolutionA spectRatio)
AcquisitionFrameRate
Frame Rate
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -Write (Read -only w hen TriggerMod e equals "On"
Float
H ertz
1 to x H z (w here x is a calculated m axim um . See N otes.)
Specifies the cam era internal fram e rate, in H z.
N ote that any user entered value is autom atically ad justed
to a valid cam era value.
The m axim um value of the fram e rate is the result of a com plicated form ula and is
d epend ant on the follow ing features:
W idth, Height, deviceTapCount, PixelFormat, pixelSizeInput
AcquistionFrameRateRaw
Stand ard
00
Invisible
Read -Write
Integer
Ns
100 to 10, 000, 000 in 100 ns increm ents.
This is actually the internal fram e period .
ExposureMode
Exposure Mode
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Tim ed - The exposure d uration tim e is set using the ExposureTim e feature
TriggerWid th - Uses the w id th of the cu rrent Fram e trigger signal p u lse to control
the exp osu re d u ration (see TriggerSource feature). Valid only w hen TriggerM ode is equal to
On and TriggerSource is not Softw are Controlled .
Specifies the m ethod to control the exposure tim e of the cam era.
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ExposureTime
Exposure Time
Stand ard
00
Beginner
Read -Write (Read -only w hen ExposureM ode equ als Timed)
Integer
s
Internal Trigger:
20µs to (1/ A quisitionFrameRate-overhead )
Bit D epth
8 bpp
9 bpp
10 bpp
N otes
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overhead
50
30
30
External Trigger:
20 µs to 1 second
Sets the exposure tim e (in m icrosecond s) w hen the ExposureM ode feature is set to Timed.
GainSelector
Exposure Mode
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
A nalogA ll1 - Apply fine gain ad justm ent to all analog taps
A nalogA llRaw1 – Sam e as A nalogA ll1 expressed in the sensor‘s native form at
A nalogA llRaw2 –Apply coarse gain ad justm ent to all analog taps (m ay require FFC
recalibration)
DigitalA ll - Apply gain ad justm ent to all d igital channels or taps.
DigitalRed -[color only] Apply gain ad justm ent to d igital red channel.
DigitalBlue -[color only] Apply gain ad justm ent to d igital blu e channel.
DigitalGreenBlue -[color only] Apply gain ad justm ent to d igital green -blue channel.
DigitalGreenRed -[color only] Apply gain ad justm ent to d igital green -red channel
Selects w hich gain is controlled w hen ad justing gain features.
Gain
Gain
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write (Read -only w hen TriggerM ode equals On)
Float
0.001x to 8x (for d igital), 1x to ~ 1.4x (for analog gain)
Specifies the gain in term s of a m ultiplication factor.
For the color cam eras, the cam era stores color gain values for each pixelSizeInput value. For
exam ple, the red gain for 8 bpp can be d ifferent than the red gain for 10 bpp. This is to
accom m od ate the w ay the gain (i.e. PRN U) coefficients are calibrated in flat field correction.
For both color and m onochrom e cam eras, the cam era stores an analog gain value for each
pixelSizeInput value.
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BlackLevelSelector
Black Level Selector
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
DigitalA ll1 [Digital Before FFC] – Global FPN . Apply black level ad justm ent to all d igital
channels or taps, before flat field correction.
DigitalA ll2 [Digital After FFC] – Background Subtract. Apply black level ad justm ent to all
d igital channels or taps, after flat field correction.
A nalogA ll1 [All analog channels] - Apply black level ad justm ent to all analog taps.
Selects w hich black level (i.e. dark offset) is controlled w hen ad justing the black level
feature.
BlackLevel
Black Level
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write (Read -only w hen TriggerMod e equals "On")
Integer
For "Digital Before FFC": -Digital0ffsetReference to (255-DigitalOffsetReference), w here
DigitalOffsetReference is factory calibrated "zero" value.
For"Digital After FFC": 0 to 1023
For "All Analog Channels": 0 to 1023-AnalogOffsetReference), w here analog offset referen ce
is a factory calibrated "zero" value.
Specifies the offset in ADC units. The cam era stores an analog black level value for each
pixelSizeInput value. For exam ple, the analog black level m ay change w hen changing the
pixelSizeInput feature from 8 bpp to 9 bpp.
pixelSizeInput
Input Pixel Size
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Bpp8 [8 BPP] - The sensor d igitizes at 8 bits per pixel.
Bpp9 [9 BPP] - The sensor d igitizes at 9 bits per pixel.
Bpp10 [10 BPP] - The sensor d igitizes at 10 bits per pixel.
Specifies the size of the pixel that is output by the sensor.
sensorResolutionAspectRatio
Sensor Aspect Ratio
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
A spect4to3 [4:3 Aspect Ratio] - The aspect ratio (x:y) of the sensor is 4:3.
A spect1to1 [1:1 Aspect Ratio] - The aspect ratio (x:y) of the sensor is 1:1.
Changing this value w ill cause the follow ing features to upd ate:
- SensorW idth, SensorHeight
- OffsetX , OffsetY , W idth, Height
- multipleA OICount, multipleA OISelector, multipleA OIOffsetX , multipleA OIOffsetY ,
multipleA OIW idth, multipleA OIHeight
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Values
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sensorAntiBloomingValue
Anti-blooming Value
Custom
05
Guru
Read -Write
Integer
0 - 65535
This feature should only be used by experts and is norm ally set to the factory calibrated
d efault. Changing this value m ay result in unexpected im age artefacts.
sensorExposureControlMode
Exposure Control Mode
Custom
05
Guru
Read -Write
Enum eration
Off – Exposure control is on
On – Exposure control is off
This feature should only be used by experts and is norm ally set to On. If turned off the
exposure tim e is d eterm ined by the fram e period . Changing this value m ay result in
unexpected im age artefacts.
sensorGlobalRow ResetMode
Global Row Reset Mode
Custom
05
Guru
Read -Write
Enum eration
Off – Global row reset is off
On – Global row reset is on
This feature should only be used by experts and is norm ally set to On. Changing this value
m ay result in unexpected im age artefacts.
sensorFirstFrameClearMode
Clear first frame
Custom
06
Guru
Read -Write
Enum eration
Off – N o Extra First Fram e Clear
On – Extra first fram e clear applied
This feature controls w hether or not to boost the first fram e clear function. The first fram e
clear is d esigned to red uce charge that accum ulates on the sensor w hen the cam era is id le.
While this feature boosts functionality it also has the potential to introd uce ad d itional
artefacts to the im age. This feature should only be used by experts and is norm ally set to Off.
Changing this value m ay cause unexpected im age artefacts.
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sensorPRPTime
PR Pulsing Time
Custom
06
Guru
Read -Write
Float
7
0 to 4.3 × 10
This feature should only be used by experts and is norm ally set to 9.99. Changing this value
m ay cause unexpected im age artefacts.
Invisible Features
N ame
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
N otes
N ame
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
N otes
N ame
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
N otes
N ame
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
N otes
N ame
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
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Access
N otes
streamingPixelSizeInputSelector
Custom
05
Invisible
Read -Write
H id d en register to support feature stream ing.
streamingPixelSizeInput
Custom
05
Invisible
Read -Write
H id d en register to support feature stream ing.
streamingPixelSizeInputSelector
Custom
05
Invisible
Read -Write
H id d en register to support feature stream ing.
streamingAspectRatioSelector
Custom
05
Invisible
Read -Write
H id d en register to support feature stream ing.
streamingAspectRatio
Custom
05
Invisible
Read -Write
H id d en register to support feature stream ing.
Gain and Black Level Control Details
The Falcon2 series of cam eras p rovid e gain and black level ad ju stm ents. Dep end ing on the m od el of
cam era, ad ju stm ents are available at the sensor as an analog variable and / or in the d igital d om ain. The
gain and black level controls can m ake sm all com p ensations to the acqu isition in situ ations w here
lighting varies and the lens iris cannot be easily ad ju sted . Op tim al gain and black level ad ju stm ents
m axim izes the Falcon2 d ynam ic range for ind ivid u al im aging situ ations. The u ser can evalu ate Gain and
Black Level by u sing Cam Exp ert.
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Featu res and lim itations are d escribed below .
 Analog Black Level offset is expressed as a digital number providing a ± offset from the factory setting.
The factory setting optimized the black level offset for maximum dynamic range under controlled ideal
dark conditions.
 Analog Gain is expressed as a multiplication factor applied at the sensor level, before any FFC. The
increased gain increases the sensor‘s dynamic range but with a non-proportional increase in noise.
 Global FPN provides a constant component to the FPN Coefficients. This value is calibrated in the factory
but it can be adjusted relative to the factory setting. See the BlackLevel register‘s DigitalA ll1[Digital Before
FFC] option.


Color Gain (Color cameras only) is expressed as a multiplication factor applied after the Analog Gain and
any FFC stages. The camera stores a color gain value for each color in the Bayer pattern (Red, Green-Red,
Green-Blue and Blue) at each input bit depth (8 bpp, 9 bpp, 10 bpp). This is to accommodate the PRNU
FFC calibration.
Background Subtract is a digital number that is used to reduce the baseline pixel value. When combined
with the system gain, this value is used to increase contrast in the final output. See the BlackLevel register‘s
DigitalA ll2[Digital After FFC] option.


System (Digital) Gain is expressed as a multiplication factor applied after the Analog Gain and any FFC
stages. When combined with the background subtract, this value is used to increase contrast in the final
output.
Externally Controlled Gain the camera can be set up to apply a (2x, 4x, 8x) gain that is controlled by
external input signals. For example, this allows the user to control digital gain (in factors of 2) on a frameby-frame basis. See
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual

I ∕ O Control Category for more information.
Set Aspect Ratio
The 4M and 8M m od els of the Falcon2 cam era p rovid e the u ser w ith the ability to sw itch betw een a 1 : 1
and a 4 : 3 sensor asp ect ratio (sensor w id th vs. height (x : y)). Each asp ect ratio m aintains its ow n area of
interest (AOI); therefore, sw itching back and forth w ill not change the AOI for a given asp ect ratio.
Ad d itionally, the Asp ect Ratios are centered on the sam e p oint so sw itching w ill not cau se the im age to
m ove significantly.
Pixel Digitization Bit Depth
The Falcon2 cam era allow s the u ser to control the size of the p ixel that is d igitized by the sensor in bits
p er p ixel (i.e. 8, 9 or 10 bp p ). The p ixel size (pixelSizeInput) affects the valu es of the analog g ain, analog
black level, factory calibrated FFC, and color gain. N ote that this is d ifferent than the PixelFormat w hich
d efines the size of the p ixel that is ou tp u t from the cam era. Generally increasing the bp p valu e w ill resu lt
in a low er m axim u m fram e rate bu t better d ark noise p erform ance and d ynam ic range.
Exposure Controls
Exp osu re Control mod es d efine the method and tim ing of how to control the sensor integration p eriod .
The integration p eriod is the amou nt of time the sensor is exp osed to incoming light before the vid eo
frame d ata is transm itted to the controlling comp u ter.

Exposure control is defined as the start of exposure and exposure duration.

The start of exposure can be an internal timer signal (free-running mode), an external trigger signal,
or a software function call trigger.

The exposure duration can be programmable (such as the case of an internal timer) or controlled by the
external trigger pulse width.
The Falcon2 cam era can grab im ages in one of three w ays. The three im aging m od es are d eterm ined
u sing a com bination of the Exp osu re Mod e p aram eters (inclu d ing I/ O p aram eters), Exp osu re Tim e and
Fram e Rate p aram eters.
Description
Frame Rate
Internal fram e rate and exposure
tim e
External fram e rate and exposure
tim e
EXSYN C pulse controlling the fram e
rate. Program m ed exposure tim e.
Internal, program m able
Controlled by external
pulse
Controlled by external
pulse
Exposure Time
Trigger Source
Internal program m able
Internal
External
External
Internal program m able
External
Figure 12: Exposure controls
Internally Programmable Frame Rate and Internally Programmable Exposure Time (Default)
Fram e rate is the d om inant factor w hen ad ju sting the fram e rate or exp osu re tim e. When setting the
fram e rate, exp osu re tim e w ill d ecrease, if necessary, to accom m od ate the new fram e rate. When
ad ju sting the exp osu re tim e the range is lim ited by the fram e rate.
Note: The cam era w ill not set fram e p eriod s shorter than the read ou t p eriod .
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Camera Features:
 TriggerMode = Off
 AcquisitionFrameRate = 30 (for example)
 ExposureMode = Timed
 ExposureTime = 10000 (for example)
Internally-generated
Exsync
Exposure Time
Exposure Time
Programmable
Readout Time
Programmable
Readout Time
Programmable
Programmable
Frame Time
Frame Time
FVAL
Figure 13: Internally Programmable Frame Rate and Internally Programmable Exposure Time (Default)
External Frame Rate and External Exposure Time (Trigger Width)
In this m od e, EXSYN C sets both the fram e p eriod and the exp osu re tim e. The r ising ed ge of EXSYN C
m arks the beginning of the exp osu re and the falling ed ge initiates read ou t.
Camera Features:
 TriggerMode = On
 ExposureMode = Trigger Width
User Exsync
Exposure Time
Readout Time
Readout Time
Frame Time
FVAL
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Exposure Time
Frame Time
Figure 14: External Frame Rate and External Exposure Time (Trigger Width)
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External Frame Rate, Programmable Exposure Time
In this m od e, the fram e rate is set externally w ith the fa lling ed ge of EXSYN C generating the rising ed ge
of a p rogram m able exp osu re tim e.
Camera Features:
 TriggerMode = On
 ExposureMode = Timed
 ExposureTime = 10000 (for example)
User Exsync
Internally-generated Exsync
Exposure Time
Exposure Time
Programmable
Programmable
Readout Time
Frame Time
Frame Time
FVAL
Figure 15: External Frame Rate, Programmable Exposure Time
Exposure Time
Exp osu re tim e is the am ou nt of tim e that the sensor is allow ed to accu m u late charge before bei ng read .
The u ser can set the exp osu re tim e w hen the ExposureM ode featu re is set to Timed. The lim itations on the
m axim u m exp osu re tim e are listed below :


External Exposure Time: 20 µs (min) to 1 second (max).
Internal Exposure Time: (1 / frame rate) – X
Table 7: Exposure time padding
Pixel Size
Value of ”X”
8 bits p er p ixel
9 bits p er p ixel
10 bits p er p ixel
50
30
30
Note: The maximum exposure time is dependent on the frame rate. To increase maximum exposure time,
decrease the frame rate.
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Internal Frame Rate
The fram e rate is d ep end ent on the w ind ow size, and the exp osu re tim es are d ep end ent on the fram e rate.
For exam p le, d ecreasing the fram e rate allow s for a longer exp osu re tim e. To increase the fram e rate
d ecrease the w ind ow size. Fram e rate takes p riority over exp osu re tim e. Maxim u m exp osu re tim e can be
increased by low ering fram e rate.
Faster fram e rates can be achieved u sing by d ecreasing the nu m ber of horizontal p ixels (x, colu m ns) and
/ or the nu m ber of vertical lines (y, row s).
The follow ing chart show s m axim u m cam era sp eed in fp s for d ifferent com binations of resolu tions asp ect
ratios and sensor bit d ep ths (inp u t p ixel size).
In ad d ition, an online fram e rate calcu lator is available from the Falcon2 p rod u ct p age on the Teled yne
DALSA site, here.
Table 8 Maximum Frame rate for 10 Tap Cameralink Configuration
Resolution
Aspect
Ratio
Maximum
Column
Maximum
Rows
Frame Rate
(8 Bit Pixel Size)
Frame Rate
(9 Bit Pixel
Size)
Frame Rate
(10 Bit Pixel Size)
12M
8M
8M
4M
4M
4:3
1:1
4:3
1:1
4:3
4096
2816
3328
2048
2432
3072
2816
2502
2048
1728
58
90
86
148
168
58
89
86
122
145
58
66
74
91
108
Table 9 Maximum Frame Rate for 8 Tap Cameralink Configuration
Resolution
Aspect
Ratio
Maximum
Column
Maximum
Rows
Frame Rate
(8 Bit Pixel Size)
Frame Rate
(9 Bit Pixel
Size)
Frame Rate
(10 Bit Pixel Size)
12M
8M
8M
4M
4M
4:3
1:1
4:3
1:1
4:3
4096
2816
3328
2048
2432
3072
2816
2502
2048
1728
46
75
71
137
140
46
74
71
122
132
46
57
63
91
101
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I ∕ O Control Category
The Falcon2 I/O controls, as shown by CamExpert, groups features used to configure external inputs and acquisition
actions based on those inputs, plus camera output signals to other devices. Parameters in gray are read only, either
always or due to another parameter being disabled. Parameters in black are user set in CamExpert or programmable
via an imaging application.
Features listed in the description table but tagged as Invisible are usually for Teledyne DALSA or third party
software usage—not typically needed by end user applications.
Figure 16: I / O Category in CamExpert
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Event Control Feature Descriptions
The following table describes these parameters along with their view attribute and minimum camera firmware
version required. Additionally, the table will indicate which parameter is a member of the DALSA Features Naming
Convention (DFN C), versu s the GenICam Stand ard Featu res N am ing Convention
N ame
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Values
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Values
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TriggerSelector
Trigger Selector
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
Fram eStart
TriggerMode
Trigger Mode
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
On – Use external trigger.
Off - Use internal trigger.
Enables and d isables external fram e trigger.
TriggerSource
Trigger Source
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
CC1 – Cam eralink Control Line 1
CC2– Cam eralink Control Line 2
CC3– Cam eralink Control Line 2
CC4– Cam eralink Control Line 2
Line1 – General Purpose Input Line 1
Line2– General Purpose Input Line 1
Softw are- Softw are trigger
N otes
Sp ecifies the internal signal or inp u t line to u se as the trigger sou rce . The trigger
m od e m u st be set to On.
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TriggerSoftw are
Trigger Softw are
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Com m and
Generate an internal trigger. Available w hen the trigger m ode is enabled and the trigger
source is equal to ‗Softw are‘.
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Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Units
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
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TriggerOverlap
Trigger Overlap
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
Off – N o Trigger overlap is allow ed .
Specify the type of trigger overlap perm itted w ith the previous fram e. This feature d efines
w hen a valid trigger w ill be accepted (or latched ) for a new fram e.
TriggerD elay
Trigger D elay
SFN C
00
Beginner
Float
µs
0 - 281474976710655 µs
Specifies the d elay in m icrosecond s (μs) to apply after the trigger reception before activating
it.
LineSelector
Line Selector
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
CC1, CC2, CC3, CC4 – Cam eralink Cam era Control Line 1, 2, 3, or 4
Line1, Line2 - General Purpose Input 1 or 2
Line3, Line4 - General Purpose Output 1 or 2
Selects the logical line of the device to configure.
LineMode
Line Mode
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
Input – the line is an input
Output – the line is an output
Specifies if the selected physical pin is used as an input or output signal.
lineN ame
Line N ame
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
Inp u t 1, Inp u t 2, Inp u t 3, Inp u t 4, Inp u t 5, Inp u t 6
Ou tp u t 1, Ou tp u t 2
Description of the physical pin associate w ith the logical line .
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Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
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linePinAssociation
Line Pinout
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
H 1_Pin6Pos_Pin5N eg, H 1_Pin11Pos_Pin12N eg, H 1_Pin3_Pin4, H 1_Pin7_Pin8
C1_Pin22Pos_Pin9N eg, C1_Pin10Pos_Pin23N eg, C1_Pin24Pos_Pin11N eg,
C1_Pin12Pos_Pin25N eg
The H 1 prefix refers to the H irose Pow er and input cable (See Figu re 7) w hile the C1 refers
to the Cam eralink 1 connector( See Figu re 37 )
Physical pin location associated w ith the logical line.
lineD etectionLevel
Line D etection Level
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Threshold _2_4 - [2.4V] – for TTL inputs
Threshold _6_0- [ 6V] – for 12 V input
Threshold _12_0 – [12V] – for 24 V input
The voltage at w hich the signal is treated as a logical high. Available w hen the Line selector
is set to a general purpose input (GPI).
N ote: This value is for both general purpose inputs (i.e. setting this value sets it for both Line
1 and Line 2).
lineD ebouncingPeriod
Line D ebouncing Period
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
µs
1 to 255 µs
Specifies the m inim um length of an input line voltage transition before recognizing a signal
transition. Available w hen the Line selector is set to an input. Each input line stores its ow n
d ebouncing period.
LineInverter
Line Inverter
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Boolean
True – invert signal
False – d on‘t invert signal
Controls w hether to invert the selected input or output line signal.
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LineStatus
Line Status
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Boolean
True – the selected signal is high
False – the selected signal is low
Returns the current status of the selected input or output line. This is a polled feature that
requires the host to poll the cam era for the latest value.
LineStatusAll
Line Status All
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Integer
The ord er is Line1(LSB), Line2, Line3, Line4, CC1, CC2, ...
7
CC4(MSB)
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CC3
5
CC2
4
CC1
3
Line 4
2
Line 3
1
Line 2
0
Line 1(LSB)
Returns the current status of all available lin e signals, at tim e of polling, in a single bitfield .
This is a polled feature that requires the host to poll the cam era for the latest value.
outputLineSource
Output Line Source
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Off – The output line is open
SoftwareControlled – The value of the output line is d eterm ined by outputLineV alue,
outputLineSoftwareLatchControl and / or outputLineSoftwareCmd.
PulseOnStartofInternalEX SY N C – Generate pulse on start of EXSYN C signal to sensor
PulseOnEndOfInternalEX SY N C – Generate pulse on end of EXSYN C signal to sensor
PulseOnStartofExposure – Generate a pulse w hen the sensor actually starts exposing its pixels.
(Slight d elay after EXSYN C)
PulseOnEndofExposure– Generate a pulse w hen the sensor stops exposing its pixels
PulseOnStartofReadout– Generate a pulse w hen the sensor starts read ing its pixels
PulseOnEndofReadout– Generate a pulse w hen the sensor stops read ing its pixels
PulseOnStartOfLineA ctive – Generate a pulse w hen the Line Valid (LVAL) from the sensor
goes active
PulseOnInput1 – Generate a pu lse w hen the CC1 goes active
PulseOnInput2 – Generate a pu lse w hen the CC2 goes active
PulseOnInput3 – Generate a pu lse w hen the CC3 goes active
PulseOnInput4 – Generate a pu lse w hen the CC4 goes active
PulseOnInput5 – Generate a pu lse w hen the General Purpose Input 1 goes active
PulseOnInput6 – Generate a pu lse w hen the General Purpose Input 2 goes active
PulseOnEndOfLineA ctive – Generate a pulse w hen the Line Valid (LVAL) from the sensor
goes inactive
Selects w hich internal signal or softw are control state to outp ut on the selected line. The
pulse is d efined by outputLinePulseDelay and outputLinePulseDuration.
N ote: the LineM ode feature m u st be set to Output.
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outputLinePulseD elay
Output Line Pulse D elay
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Integer
µs
0 to 8388608 µs
Sets the d elay before the output line pulse d uration is output.
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N ote: LineM ode feature must be set to Output and outputLineSource is not equal to Off or
SoftwareControlled.
outputLinePulseD uration
Output Line Pulse D uration
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Integer
µs
0 to 8388608 µs
Sets the d uration of the output pulse.
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N ote: LineM ode feature must be set to Output and outputLineSource is not equal to Off or
SoftwareControlled.
outputLineSoftw areLatchControl
Output Line Softw are Latch Control
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Off – changes to the output line value are applied im m ed iately.
Latch – changes to the output line value are applied w hen the Output Line Softw are
Com m and is triggered .
The softw are latch allow s the user to set m ore than 1 output sim ultaneously
OutputLine that are currently in Softw are Latch control w ill only set w ith the value in
OutputLineV alue w ith the outputLineSoftwareCmd feature.
outputLineValue
Output LineValue
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
A ctive - Sets the Output circuit to close.
Inactive - Sets the Output circu it to open.
Selects the state of the outpu t on the selected line. The Value w ill be applied im m ed iately if
the outputLineSoftwareLatchControl feature is equal to OFF.
The Value w ill be applied w hen the outputLineSoftwareCmd feature is set if the
outputLineSoftwareLatchControl feature is equal to LATCH .
N ote: LineM ode feature must be set to Output and outputLineSource is set SoftwareControlled.
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outputLineSoftw areCmd
Output Line Softw are Command
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Integer
0 to 3
Contains a bit field representing w hether to apply to cached outputLineV alue values.
Value
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0
1
Don‘t apply any value
Apply outputLineV alue of Output1
2
Apply outputLineV alue of Output2
3
Apply outputLineV alue of Output1 and Output2
N ote: LineM ode feature must be set to Output and outputLineSource is set SoftwareControlled.
externalControlledGainMode
External Gain Mode
Custom
05
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Off – d isable external line controlled gain
On – enable external line controlled gain
Enables and d isables the gain that is controlled by the d igital input lines
externalControlledGainLineActivation
External Gain Line Activation
Custom
05
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
FallingEd ge – Sam ple w hen the source goes low
RisingEd ge – Sam ple w hen the source goes high
Specifies the signal transition on the source line (externalControlledGainSampleSource) that
causes the gain to be sam pled .
externalControlledGainSampleSource
External Gain Sample Source
Custom
05
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
CC1, CC2, CC3,CC4, Line1, Line2
Use the selected line to trigger gain sam pling. The sam pling occurs on the rising or falling
ed ge of the signal. This is d eterm ined by externalControlledGainLineA ctivation.
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externalControlledGainMSBSource, externalControlledGainLSBSource
External Gain [LSB/MSB] Source
Custom
05
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
CC1, CC2, CC3,CC4, Line1, Line2
Sp ecifies the m ost and least significant bits that d efine the externally controlled
gain factor.
MSB
LSB
Gain Factor
0
0
0
1
1x
2x
1
0
4x
1
1
8x
Invisible Features
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streamingGPIOLineSelector
Custom
04
Invisible
Internal use. To im plem ent feature stream ing.
streamingGPIO
Custom
04
Invisible
Internal use. To im plem ent feature stream ing.
streamingGPOLineSelector
Custom
04
Invisible
Internal use. To im plem ent feature stream ing.
Trigger Modes
The cam era‘s im age exp osu res are initiated by a trigger signal The trigger event is either a p rogram m able
internal signal u sed in free ru nning m od e, an external inp u t u sed for synchronizing exp osu res to external
triggers, or a p rogram m ed fu nction call m essage by the controlling com p u ter. These triggering m od es are
d escribed below .
 Free ru nning (trigger d isabled ): The cam era free-ru nning m od e has a p rogram m able internal
tim er for fram e rate and a p rogram m able exp osu re p eriod .
 External trigger: Exp osu res are controlled by an external trigger signal. The external trigger
signal can be either a Cam era Link control line (i.e. CC [4 : 1]) or a general p u rp ose inp u t (e.g.
GPIO [2 : 1]. General p u rp ose inp u ts are isolated by an op to-cou p ler inp u t w ith a tim e
p rogram m able d ebou nce circu it.
 Softw are trigger: An exp osu re trigger is sent as a control com m and via the Cam era Link serial
com m u nications interface. Softw are triggers cannot be consid ered tim e accu rate d u e to
com m u nications latency and sequ ential com m and jitter.
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I/O Block Diagram
The follow ing d iagram d escribes the Inp u t/ Ou tp u t featu res of the cam era and how they are related .
Figure 17 I/O Module Block Diagram
CameraLink Control Lines
Falcon2 can u se the fou r Cam eraLink control lines to trigger fram es or ou tp u t p u lses. These signals are
located in the Cam eraLink 1 cable (See Ap p end ix A: Cam era Link) and byp ass the Line d etection level.
Opto-coupled Inputs
Falcon2 p rovid es tw o sets of Op to-isolated inp u t signals. These can be u sed as external trigger sou rces.
The signals shou ld be in range from 2.4 V to 24 V, 5 V typ ical. See lineDetectionLevel.
The d elay betw een signals at the I/ O p in and the internal tim ing core is a fu nction of the signal sw ing
and the typ ical latency @ 5V sw ing is 3.5 µs.
Refer to Figu re 7: 12-p in H irose Circu lar Male Pow er Plu g—Pow er Connector for the connector p in ou t
and electrical inform ation. The cable shell and shield shou ld electrically connect the cam era chassis to the
com p u ter chassis for m axim u m EMI p rotection.
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Figure 18 Opto-coupled input
Each inp u t incorp orates a signal d ebou nce circu it (follow ing the op to -cou p ler) to elim inate short noise
transitions that cou ld incorrectly be interp reted as a valid p u lse. The d u ration is u ser p rogram m able from
1 µs to 255 µs u sing Cam Exp ert.
Opto-Coupled Outputs
The ou tp u ts are u np ow ered d evices and requ ire external p ow er. The sim p lified d iagram below
d em onstrates the need for a p u ll-u p resistor w hen u sing the ou tp u ts.
Figure 19: Simplified General Purpose Output Diagram
Advanced Processing Control Category
The Falcon2 Advanced Processing controls, as shown by CamExpert, groups parameters used to configure
Defective Pixel Detection, Flat Field calibration. Parameters in gray are read only, either always or due to another
parameter being disabled. Parameters in black are user set in CamExpert or programmable via an imaging
application.
Note that the features listed in the description table but tagged as Invisible are usually for Teledyne DALSA Support
or third party software usage—and not typically required by end-user applications.
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Figure 20 Advanced Processing Control
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Advanced Processing Control Feature Descriptions
The following table describes these parameters along with their view attribute and the minimum camera firmware
version required.
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flatfieldCorrectionMode
Flat field Correction Mode
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read / Write
Enum eration
Off - Flat Field correction d isabled
A ctiveA ll - FPN and PRN U correction is active
A ctiveFPN Only - FPN correction is active
A ctivePRN UOnly - PRN U correction is active
Calibration - The cam era is configured to calibration m od e(Only av ailable w hen
TriggerMod e=Off, flatfielCorrectionCurrenActiveSet is not FactoryFlatfield , and w id th and
height are m axim ized ). The d evice m ay au tom atically ad ju st som e featu res in the
cam era w hen calibration m od e is enabled . The featu res that are au tom atically
ad ju sted are d evice sp ecific. The d evice w ill not restore these featu res w hen the flat
field correction m od e is changed from calibration m od e to another m od e. For
exam p le, w id th and height m ay be set to the m axim u m sensor size w hen the flat fiel d
calibrate m od e is enable.
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Sets the m od e for the flatfield correction.
flatfieldCorrectionAlgorithm
Flat field Correction Algorithm
DFN C
00
Expert
Read Only
Enum eration
M ethod1(m onochrom e cam era)
M ethod2(color cam era)
The follow ing form ula is used to calculate the flatfield corrected pixel:
Mono camera:
new PixelValue x,y = (sensorPixelValue x,y – FFCOffset x,y) * FFCGain [x][y]
Color camera:
new PixelValu e x,y = (sensorPixelValue x,y – FFCOffset x,y) * FFCGain x,y * gain per color
flatfieldCorrectionGainMode
Gain Correction Mode
Custom
05
Expert
Read Only
Enum eration
HighGain -The set w as calibrated using high gain and low er resolution
HighResolution - The set w as calibrated using high resolution and low er gain
Displays the flatfield gain m od e that w ill w as used in calibration.

H igh gain m od e can apply a correction gain betw een 1 and 2 w ith red uced (9 bit)
resolution.

H igh resolution can apply a correction gain betw een 1 and 1.5 w ith m axim um (10 bit)
resolution
Refreshes w hen flatfield CorrectionCurrentActiveSet, flatfield CalibrationPRN U,
flatfield CalibrationClearCoefficient, or flatfield CoefficientsCopyInCurrent changes.
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flatfieldCorrectionType
Correction Type
DFN C
00
Expert
Read Only
Enum eration
A reaBase
Flatfield correction is based on an entire im age (array).
flatfieldCorrectionCurrentActiveSet
Current Active Set
DFN C
00
Expert
Read -Write (Read -Only w hen in Calibration Mod e)
Enum eration
FactoryFlatfield - Factory calibrated flat field . This set actual consists of three sets calibrated for
a given pixelInputSize. When the pixelInputSize changes, the cam era w ill autom atically
change the set in use.
UserFlatField1 to UserFlatField4 - User configurable flat field sets. They can only be calibrated to
1 pixelInputSize value.
Specifies the current set of flat field coefficients to use. This feature cannot be changed w hile
the cam era is in flat field calibration m od e.
flatfieldCorrectionPixelYCoordinate
Pixel Y Coordinate
DFN C
00
Expert
Read -Write w hen in Calibration Mod e
Enum eration
1 to SensorHeight
Vertical Ind exer into the array of FFC coefficients.
flatfieldCorrectionPixelXCoordinate
Pixel X Coordinate
DFN C
00
Expert
Read -Write w hen in Calibration Mod e
Enum eration
1 to SensorW idth
H orizontal Ind exer into the array of FFC coefficients.
flatfieldCorrectionGain
Pixel Gain(PRN U)
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write w hen in Calibration Mod e
Float
1 to 2 (w hen flatfield CorrectionGainMod e = HighGain).
1 to 1.5 (w hen flatfield CorrectionGainMod e = HighResolution).
Sets the gain to apply to the currently selected pixel.
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flatfieldCorrectionOffset
Pixel Offset(FPN )
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write w hen in Calibration Mod e
Integer
0 to 127
Sets the offset to apply to the currently selected pixel.
flatfieldCalibrationClearCoefficient
Clear Coefficients
DFN C
00
Expert
Read -Write w hen in Calibration Mod e
Com m and
This feature is used to clear all the current FPN and PRN U coefficients in the selected Active
Set.
flatfieldCalibrationSampleSize
Calibration Sample Size
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Integer
64
The num ber of im ages to average to perform the calibration.
flatfieldCalibrationFPN
Offset(FPN ) Calibration
DFN C
00
Expert
Read -Write w hen in Calibration Mod e
Com m and
Perform s fixed pattern noise (FPN ) calibration. FPN calibration elim inates fixed pattern noise
by subtracting all non -uniformities and d ark current to obtain near 0 DN output in the d ark
(no light exposed to the sensor).
flatfieldCalibrationTarget
Gain Calibration Target
DFN C
00
Expert
Read -Write w hen in Calibration Mod e
Float
%
0 to 100
Sets the target pixel value for the gain (PRN U) calibration. It is specified as a percentage of the
output range (for exam ple, 1023 DN for 10 bits).
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flatfieldCalibrationPRN U
Gain(PRN U) Calibration
DFN C
00
Expert
Read -Write w hen in Calibration Mod e
Com m and
Perform s p hoto response non-uniform ity (PRN U) calibration.. PRN U calibration elim inates the
d ifference in responsivity betw een the m ost and least sensitive pixel, creating a uniform
response to light. See the Gain (PRN U) Calibration section in Append ix D: Internal Flat Field
Calibration Algorithm s.
flatfieldCalibrationGainMode
Gain Calibration Mode
Custom
05
Guru
Read -Write w hen in Calibration Mod e
Enum eration
HighGain - Calibrate using high gain and low er resolution
HighResolution - Calibrate using high resolution and low er gain
Selects the flatfield gain m od e that w ill be used in calibration.

H igh gain m od e can apply a correction gain betw een 1 and 2 w ith red uced resolution.

H igh resolution can apply a correction gain betw een 1 and 1.5 w ith m axim um resolution.
flatfieldCalibrationSave
Save Calibration
DFN C
00
Expert
Read -Write w hen in Calibration Mod e
Com m and
Saves the current flat field coefficients in the Active Set.
flatfieldCoefficientsCopySource
Copy Source
DFN C
00
Expert
Read -Write w hen in Calibration Mod e
Enum eration
FactoryFlatfield - Factory Calibrated flatfield .
UserFlatField1 to UserFlatField4 - User configurable flat field sets.
Selects the flatfield coefficients set to copy to the current Active Set
flatfieldCoefficientsCopyInCurrent
Copy Coefficient to Active
DFN C
00
Expert
Read -Write w hen in Calibration Mod e
Com m and
Copies the currently selected flat field coefficients in the Active Set.
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flatfieldCorrectionPixelReplacementThreshold
Pixel Replacement Threshold
Custom
00
Guru
Read -Write
Integer
1 to 127
The FFC offset value(FPN ) above w hich pixel replacem ent occurs(See Figure 21). This value
can be ad justed to replace m ore or few er pixels.
Flat Field Offset(FPN) Values
“Hot” Pixels Replaced
Corrected
0
32
96
64
127
Offset(FPN) Correction
( flatfieldCorrectionPixelReplacementThreshold )
Figure 21 Pixel Replacement Threshold
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flatfieldCorrectionPixelReplacementMode
Pixel Replacement Mode
Custom
05
Exp ert
Read -Write
Enum eration
Off - Disable pixel replacem ent
A ctive - Enable d efective pixel replacem ent
Enable or d isable pixel replacem ent.
If Active: If FPN x,y > flatfield CorrectionPixelReplacem entThreshold OR PRN U x,y > 510, then
Pixelx,y = (Pixelx+1,y + Pixelx-1,y) / 2
' replace
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flatfieldCorrectionPixelReplacementAlgorithm
Pixel Replacement Algorithm
DFN C
05
Expert
Read -Only
Enum eration
Method 1(Average/ Copy Ad jacent) – the algorithm consists of averaging the ad jacent pixels
w hen replacing a single d efect and copying the nearest pixel w hen replacing tw o consecutive
d efects or a d efect at the beginning or end of a line, i.e.
A= pixel A
B= pixel B
X= d efect
AXB is corrected to ACB w here:
C= (A+B)/ 2
AXXB is corrected to AABB
XA is corrected to AA
BX is corrected to BB
Method 3(Average/ Weighted Average) is a custom enum eration. algorithm consists of
averaging the ad jacent pixels w hen replacing a single d efect and perform ing a w eighted
average w hen replacing tw o consecutive d efects. A d efect at the beginning or end of a line is
not corrected , i.e.
A= pixel A
B= pixel B
X= d efect
AXB is corrected to ACB w here:
C= (A+B)/ 2
AXXB is corrected to ACDB w here
C = (11 *A + 5*B)/ 16
D = (5*A + 11*B)/ 16
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XA is not corrected
BX is not corrected
Selects the pixel replacem ent algorithm .
flatfieldCalibrationPixelReplacement
Pixel Replacement Calibration
Custom
05
Guru
Read -Write w hen flatfield CorrectionMod e = "Calibration"
Com m and
Perform s pixel d efects calibration. This is a cum ulative function (i.e. d efects are ad d ed to the
current d efect m ap).
For each pixel:
If ABS (Averaged DarkValue x,y - FPN x,y) > flatfield CalibrationPixelReplacem entOffsetThreshold
then FPN x,y = 127
' m ark as bad
flatfieldCalibrationPixelReplacementOffsetThreshold
Pixel Replacement Calibration Threshold
Custom
05
Guru
Read -Write w hen flatfield CorrectionMod e = Calibration
Integer
1 to 127
Specifies the offset (FPN ) value above w hich the pixel is m arked as d efective.
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flatfieldCalibrationPixelReplacementGainThreshold
Pixel Replacement Calibration Threshold
Custom
05
Guru
Read -Write w hen flatfield CorrectionMod e = "Calibration"
Float
1.5 to 9 (w hen flatfieldCalibrationGainM ode = H igh Resolution)
2 to 17 (w hen flatfieldCalibrationGainM ode = H igh Gain)
Specifies the gain(PRN U) valu e, above w hich the pixel is m arked as d efective. Only used in
calibration.
flatfieldCalibrationHotPixelsReplaced
Hot Pixels Replaced
Custom
05
Guru
Read -Only
Integer
0 to (W idth * Height)
Displays the num ber of hot pixels (i.e. w ith uncorrectable FPN ) that have been replaced .
Use flatfieldCalculatePixelStatistics to calculate this value.
flatfieldCalibrationUncorrectableHotPixels
Uncorrectable Hot Pixels
Custom
06
Guru
Read
Integer
0 to (Wid th * H eight)
Reports the num ber of hot pixels(i.e. w ith uncorrectable FPN ) that can not replaced . The
cam era cannot correct any m ore than tw o horizontally ad jacent pixels(i.e. only the pixels on
the end s of a horizontal cluster w ill get corrected ) .
N ote: H ot Pixels and d ead pixel w ill interact. For exam ple if there are 2 hot pixels in a row ,
follow ed by a d ead pixel, then the m id d le hot pixel w ill be uncorrectable.
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Use flatfield CalculatePixelStatistics to calculate this value.
flatfieldCalibrationD eadPixelsReplaced
D ead Pixels Replaced
Custom
05
Guru
Read
Integer
0 to (Wid th * H eight)
Displays the num ber of dead pixels(i.e. w ith uncorrectable PRN U) that have been replaced
Use flatfieldCalculatePixelStatistics to calculate this value.
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flatfieldCalibrationUncorrectableD eadPixels
Uncorrectable D ead Pixels
Custom
06
Guru
Read
Integer
0 to (Wid th * H eight)
Reports the num ber of d ead pixels(i.e. w ith uncorrectable PRN U) that can not replaced . The
cam era cannot correct any m ore than tw o horizontally ad jacent pixels(i.e. only the pixels on
the end s of a horizontal cluster w ill get corrected ) .
N ote: H ot Pixels and d ead pixel w ill interact. For exam ple if there are 2 hot d ead in a row ,
follow ed by a hot pixel, then the m id d le d ead pixel w ill be uncorrectable.
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Use flatfieldCalculatePixelStatistics to calculate this value.
flatfieldCalibrationOffsetPixelsClipped
Offset Pixels Clipped
Custom
05
Guru
Read -Only
Integer
0 to (W idth * Height)
Displays the num ber of pixels that have an FPN coefficient of 0. This can be result of setting
the black offset value too high.
flatfieldCalibrationD eadPixelsN otReplaced
D ead Pixels N OT Replaced
Custom
05
Guru
Read -Only
Integer
0 to (W idth * Height)
Displays the num ber of dead pixels (i.e. w ith uncorrectable PRN U) that have been set to the
m axim um gain but not replaced . This w ould includ e any pixel value that exceed s the
m axim um gain (i.e. either 1.5 or 2, d epending on flatfieldCalibrationGainM ode) bu t less than
flatfieldCalibrationPixelReplacementGainThreshold.
flatfieldCalibrationGainPixelsClipped
Gain Clipped Pixels
Custom
05
Guru
Read -Only
Integer
0 to (W idth * Height)
Specifies the num ber of pixels that have a correction factor of less than 1. If this num ber is too
high, it m eans that the Gain target is set too low .
flatfieldCalculatePixelStatistics
Calculate Pixel Statistics
Custom
06
Guru
Read -Write
Com m and
This com m and calculates the pixel statistics.
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defectivePixelD etectionAlgorithmSelector
D ynamic Replacement Algorithm
Custom
05
Expert
Read -Write
Enum eration
M ethod3 (Pre-Correction Med ian Filter) - H orizontal Med ian Filter. Before FFC Correction.
M ethod4 (Post-Correction Med ian Filter) - H orizontal Med ian Filter. After FFC Correction.
Enables or d isables dynam ic defective pixel d etection and replacem ent. N ote that each filter
can be active at the sam e tim e.
defectivePixelD etectionMode
D ynamic Replacement Mode
DFN C
05
Expert
Read -Write
Enum eration
A ctive - Enable d ynam ic d efective pixel replacem ent.
Off - Disable d ynam ic d efective pixel replacem ent.
Enables or d isables the d ynam ic d efective pixel d etection and replacem e nt for the selected
algorithm .
If (ABS (Pixelx,y - Pixelx-1,y) > d efectivePixelDetectionMinBrightThreshold AN D ABS ( Pixel x,y Pixel x+1, y) ) > d efectivePixelDetectionMinBrightThreshold ) TH EN Pixelx,y = Med ian (Pixelx-1,y,
Pixelx,y ,, Pixelx+1,y)
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N ote: both the Pre and Post filters can be active at the sam e tim e.
defectivePixelD etectionMinBrightThreshold
D ynamic Replacement Min Threshold
DFN C
05
Guru
Read -Write
Integer
1 to 255
Defines the m axim um threshold value that a pixel can achieve before being corrected .
simpleFeedThroughCoeff1, simpleFeedThroughCoeff2, simpleFeedThroughCoeff3
Simple Feedthrough Correction Coeff 1 - Coeff 3
Custom
00
Guru
Read -Write
Integer
-127 to 127
Retrieves and sets the sim ple feed through correction coefficient.
feedThroughCorrectionMode
Feed Through Correction Apply
00
Custom
Guru
Read -Write
Enum eration
Off - Disable feed through correction
On - Enable feed through correction
Apply the feed through correction .
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Invisible Features
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flatfieldAlgorithmBufferFormat
DFN C
05
Invisible
Read Only
Enum eration
M ono8
Each flat field coefficient is stored as an 8 bit num ber. This feature is used for Sapera FFC
support.
flatfieldAlgorithmBufferWidth
DFN C
05
Invisible
Read Only
Integer
SensorW idth
The w id th of the flat field correction buffer in pixels. Used for Sapera FFC Support.
flatfieldAlgorithmBufferHeight
DFN C
05
Invisible
Read Only
Integer
SensorHeight
The height of the flat field correction buffer in pixels. Used for Sapera FFC Support.
flatfieldAlgorithmGainD ivisor
DFN C
05
Invisible
Read Only
Integer
512
The cam era uses this value to calculate the FFC gain factor. Used for Sapera FFC Support.
This is equivalent to the high gain setting w ith the in -cam era calibration. In other w ord s
w hen you calibrate the cam era in the host, it can only be a H igh Gain PRN U calibration. See
form ula.
flatfieldAlgorithmGainBase
DFN C
05
Invisible
Read Only
Integer
1
The off cam era uses this value to calculate the FFC gain factor. Used for Sapera FFC Support.
See form ula.
flatfieldAlgorithmOffsetMax
DFN C
05
Invisible
Read Only
Integer
126
The m axim um valid offset coefficient value. Used for Sapera FFC Support.
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flatfieldAlgorithmOffsetMin
DFN C
05
Invisible
Read Only
Integer
1
The m inim um valid offset coefficient value. Used for Sapera FFC Support.
flatfieldAlgorithmOffsetFactor
DFN C
05
Invisible
Read Only
Integer
1.0
The m ultiplier applied to the FFC offset values. Used for Sapera FFC Support. See form ula
flatfieldAlgorithmGainMax
DFN C
05
Invisible
Read Only
Integer
510
The m axim um valid gain coefficient value. Used for Sapera FFC Support.
flatfieldAlgorithmGainMin
DFN C
05
Invisible
Read Only
Integer
0
The m inim um valid gain coefficient value. Used for Sapera FFC Support.
complexFeedThroughCoeff1, complexFeedThroughCoeff2, complexFeedThroughCoeff3
Complex Feedthrough Correction Coeff 1 - Coeff 3
00
Custom
Invisible
Read -Write
Integer
-127 to 127
Gets and sets the sim ple feed through correction coefficient. For internal use.
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Flat Field Correction and Defective Pixel Detection Overview
The Flat Field correction fu nction consists of u sing tw o coefficients p er p ixel w hich correct the gain and
offset of the corresp ond ing p ixel. These corrections com p ensate for the Photo-resp onse N on-u niform ity
(PRN U) and Fixed Pattern noise (FPN ) attribu tes u niqu e to each cam era sensor. In ad d ition, the cam era
su p p orts rep lacem ent of d efective p ixels (hot, d ead , blinking) w ith a valu e based on neighbou rhood
p ixels.
Correction Function Block Diagram
The follow ing sim p lified block d iagram show s the p rocessing chain that is ap p lied to the im age d ata (the
flat field and d efective p ixel blocks are highlighted ). N ote that each p rocessing block can be activated and
d eactivated ind ep end ently. For exam p le, the FPN and PRN U coefficients can be ap p lied ind ep end ently
or together u sing the flatfieldCorrectionM ode.
Figure 22 Flat field and defective pixel processing
Flat Field Correction Algorithm Description
Flat Field Correction Algorithm –Method 1 (featu re: flatfieldCorrectionA lgorithm) ap p lies the follow ing FFC
form u la for correcting p ixel valu es:
new PixelValue x,y = (sensorPixelValue x,y – FFCOffsetx,y) * FFCGain x,y
w here:





x & y are the Flat Field Correction Pixel coor d inates.
See the flatfieldCorrectionPixelX Coordinate and flatfieldCorrectionPixelY Coordinate featu res.
new PixelValue is the p ixel valu e after Flat Field Correction is ap p lied .
sensorPixelValue is the p ixel valu e before Flat Field correction is ap p lied .
FFCOffset is the offset coefficient valu e to su btract from the sensorPixelValu e.
FFCGain is the gain coefficient valu e that is m u ltip lied w ith the sensorPixelValu e.
The im p lem entation of this form u la requ ires that both the FPN and PRN U coefficient are stored in 16 bits.
For the Falcon2 w e reserve 7 bits for the FFCOffset (FPN ) coefficient and 9 bits for the FFCGain (PRN U)
coefficient. The FFCGain can be calcu lated as follow s:
FFCGain x,y = (FFCGainRaw x,y / GainDivisor) + 1.0
w here:




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x & y are the Flat Field Correction Pixel coord inates.
FFCGain is the floating p oint m u ltip lier of the sensorPixelValu e.
FFCGainRaw is the stored 9 bit valu e rep resenting the FFC gain valu e .
GainD ivisor is either 512 or 1024 d ep end ing on w hether the cam era w as calibrated in H ig h
resolu tion or high gain m od e. See flatfieldCalibrationGainM ode and flatfieldCorrectionGainM ode.
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General Notes on FFC calibration
The cam era com es calibrated w ith three factory sets, one for each sensor bit d ep th. These sets sw itch
au tom atically w hen the u ser changes pixelSizeInput. In ad d ition to the factory calibrations, the cam era
p rovid es fou r u ser configu rable FFC sets. These can be calibrated and saved in the cam era. For m ore
inform ation on this, see ―H ow to d o an FFC Setu p in the Cam era‖.
Another op tion is to p erform the flat field correction in the fram e grabber. See the section H ow to d o a
FFC Setu p via Sap era Cam Exp ert for m ore inform ation.
In either case, w e recom m end that you rep eat the correction w hen a tem p eratu re change of greater than
10 °C occu rs.
For best results, ensure that:
1. Gain (PRN U) calibration has a clean, w hite reference. The qu ality of this reference is im p ortant
for p rop er calibration. White p ap er is often not su fficient becau se the grain in the w hite p ap er
w ill d istort the correction. White p lastic or w hite ceram ic w ill lead to better balancing.
2.
Am bient light flicker (e.g. flu orescent lights) is su fficiently low no t to affect cam era p erform ance
and calibration resu lts.
3.
The average p ixel shou ld be at least 20 % below the target ou tp u t. If the target is too close, then
som e p ixels m ay not be able to reach fu ll sw ing d u e to correction ap p lied by the cam era.
4.
When 6.25 % of p ixels from a single row w ithin the region of interest are clip p ed , flat field
correction resu lts m ay be inaccu rate.
5.
Correction resu lts are valid only for the cu rrent black offset valu es. If you change this valu e, it is
recom m end ed that you recalcu late you r coefficients.
An important note on w indow blemishes:
When flat field correction is p erform ed , w ind ow cleanliness is p aram ou nt. The figu re below show s an
exam p le of w hat can hap p en if a blem ish is p resent on the sensor w ind ow w hen flat field corr ection is
p erform ed . The blem ish w ill cast a shad ow on the w afer. FFC w ill com p ensate for this shad ow by
increasing the gain. Essentially FFC w ill create a w hite sp ot to com p ensate for the d ark sp ot (shad ow ). As
long as the angle of the incid ent light rem a ins u nchanged then FFC w orks w ell. H ow ever w hen the angle
of incid ence changes significantly (i.e. w hen a lens is ad d ed ) then the shad ow w ill shift and FFC w ill
m akes things w orse by not correcting the new shad ow (d ark sp ot) and overcorrecting w here the sh ad ow
u sed to be (w hite sp ot). While the d ark sp ot can be p otentially cleaned , the w hite sp ot is an FFC art efact
that can only be corrected by another FFC calibration.
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Figure 23. Spectral distribution of light source used during calibration of color cameras only. This corresponds roughly to a 5200 K
color temperature.
How to do an FFC Setup in the Camera
Cam Expert has a d efault tim eout of 20 second s per com m and , w hich is too short for the FFC
calibration to run fully. You can change the d efault tim eout by setting a com m and line argum ent in
the short-cut:

Right click on the short-cut in the start m enu and select properties.

Ad d –tim eout 60 to increase the com m and tim eout to 60 second s (See below )

Repeat for d esktop sh ort-cut
Figure 24: Setting the camera’s timeout value
The calibration is p erform ed in tw o step s. The fixed offset (FPN ) is d eterm ined first by p erform ing an
averaging w ithou t any light. This calibration d eterm ines exactly how m u ch offset to su btract p er p ixel in
ord er to obtain flat ou tp u t w hen the sensor is not exp osed .
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If the cam era is ru n at exp osu re tim e that is significantly higher than the calibration exp osu re, an
ad d itional Pixel Rep lacem ent Calibration m ay be requ ire
The gain (PRN U) calibration is p erform ed next to d eterm ine the m u ltip lication factors requ ired to bring
each p ixel to the requ ired valu e (target) for flat, w hite ou tp u t. For the m onochrom e cam eras, the target is
d eterm ined by the u ser (See flatfieldCalibrationTarget). The color cam era requ ires a sep arate target for each
color w hich is calcu lated as 23 % higher than the average p ixel for the given color.
It is im p ortant to d o the FPN correction first. Resu lts of the FPN correction are u sed in the PRN U
p roced u re.
Let’s go through a flat field calibration example:
1. The cam era is p laced in internal exposure and frame rate. Make su re that the area of interest
(AOI) is set to the fu ll w ind ow (i.e. Wid th=SensorWid th and H eight=SensorH eight). N o other
exp osu re m od e or AOI configu ration w ill allow FFC calibration. See ExposureM ode, TriggerM ode,
OffsetX , OffsetY , W idth, Height.
2.
Settings su ch as fram e rate, exp osu re tim e, etc. are set as close as p ossible to the actu al op erating
cond itions. Set system gain to 1 and background subtract to 0, as these are the d efau lts d u ring
FFC calibration. See GainSelector, Gain, BlackLevelSelector, and BlackLevel.
3.
Select correction active set to user flat field 1. Go to flat field correction mode, select
calibration. See flatfieldCorrectionCurrentA ctiveSet, and flatfieldCorrectionM ode.
4.
Clear existing coefficients. See flatfieldCalibrationClearCoefficient.
5.
Place the cam era in the d ark (i.e. cover lens) and ru n FPN calibration. This p erform s the FPN
correction and saves the FPN coefficients to tem p orary m em ory. See flatfieldCalibrationFPN .
6.
Calibration m od e enables both FPN and PRN U correction. Verify signal ou tp u t is close to 0 DN .
7.
Illu m inate the sensor to 65 % satu ration , u sing a high qu ality w hite refer ence.
8.
Set flat field target to 80 % satu ration (m onochrom e only). See flatfieldCalibrationTarget.
9.
Select Gain Calibration Mod e as either H igh Gain or H igh Resolu tion
10. Ru n Gain (PRN U) calibration. See flatfieldCalibrationPRN U.
11. [Op tional] Set the exposure time to {X % longer than} the longest valu e that w ill be requ ired by
the u ser‘s system . Set the pixel replacement calibration threshold to 60. Ru n pixel replacement
calibration. See “Hot Pixels and Long Exposure Times ” for m ore inform ation abou t w hy this is
necessary. See ExposureTime, flatfieldCalibrationPixelReplacementThreshold and,
flatfieldCalibrationPixelReplacement
12. Save the flat field calibration : flatfieldCalibrationSave.
Here is the factory calibration procedure for the 8M camera:
1. The cam era is p laced in fu ll internal, 8 tap s, 10 bits, active w ind ow (3328 x 2816, only available to
factory), system gain 1, color gain 1, backgrou nd su btract 0, global FPN calibrated su ch that d ark
FPN is 30 DN (10 bit) 50 fp s, 1500 µs exp osu re. For color, u se 20 fp s, 25000 µs exp osu re. This last
p art is im p ortant (m ono: 50 fp s, 1500 µs exp osu re. Color: 20fp s 25000 µs exp osu re) and ensu res
that the cam era is in non -concu rrent m od e. In non -concu rrent m od e, read ou t and integration d o
not overlap thu s elim inating som e resid u al artefacts.
2. The cam era is p laced in the d ark and FPN Calibration is ru n.
3. With FPN correction on the sensor is illu m inated (Light Sou rce: Broad band Qu artz H alogen, 3250
2
K, w ith a 750 nm cu t-off filter) w ith a light level of 26.4 µW/ cm (10 BPP). This ensu res each
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4.
5.
6.
cam era w ill have the sam e resp onsivity since the light level and target valu e are alw ays the sam e.
Typ ical ou tp u t levels for the cam era at this light level are 680 DN (10 bit).
The sensor w ind ow at this p oint has been cleaned thorou ghly su ch that there are no significant
blem ishes p resent.
For the m onochrom e cam era only, PRN U target is set to 840 DN (82.11 % p eak).
PRN U calibration is ru n.
How can one match gain and offset values on multiple cameras?
One w ay is of cou rse to u se flat field correction. All cam eras w ou ld be set u p u nd er the sam e cond itions ,
inclu d ing lighting, and then calibrated w ith FPN and PRN U. This p rocess can be tim e-consu m ing and
com p licated (esp ecially the w h ite target). Another w ay is to u se global FPN (Sensor Control > Black Level
Selector > DigitalAll1):
1. Starting from factory settings (factory flat field ), take note w hat the highest d ark offset is am ong
the set of cam eras. If the highest d ark offset is hig her than abou t 16 DN (10 bit) you m ight w ant to
consid er recalibrating the FPN correction. You can u se the histogram featu re in Cam Exp ert to
d eterm ine this valu e see Figu re 25. Large d ifferences in d ark offset betw een th e factory and u ser
are typ ically cau sed by d ifferences in tem p eratu re from factory to u ser. Large d ark offsets w ill
resu lt in PRN U-correction-ind u ced FPN and shou ld therefore be avoid ed .
2.
Decrease global FPN (increase the offset in d ark) on all cam eras u nt il they are the sam e and reach
at least 4 DN (10 bit).
3.
Illu m inate to abou t 80 % satu ration (820 DN , 10 bit) and note the highest signal level am ong the
set of cam eras.
4.
Increase the system gain (Sensor Control > Gain Selector > DigitalAll1) on the cam eras u ntil they
all reach the sam e ou tp u t level (highest of all cam eras).
5.
Place cam era in the d ark and rep eat step 2 to 4 u ntil both d ark offset and 80 % sat signal levels are
equ al on all cam eras.
Hot Pixels and Long Exposure Times
The cam era is calibrated and op tim ized for an exp osu re tim e of 1500 m icro second s p rovid ing p eak FPN
and PRN U p erform ance are at this setting. This FPN correction also m anages hot p ixels for the sam e
exp osu re tim e. Changing the exp osu re tim e to very long tim es , su ch as 60000 m icrosecond s, can
introd u ce ad d itional u ncorrected hot p ixels in the im age. The u ser can elim inate these p ixels by
p erform ing a u ser p ixel rep lacem ent calibration w hich w ill cap tu re and correct these p ixels. This
correction elim inates hot p ixels at long exp osu re tim e w hile m aintaining the sam e FPN characteristics.
How to do a FFC Setup via Sapera CamExpert
The Sap era LT Cam Exp ert tool p rovid es an easy GUI based m ethod for a u ser to p erform a Flat Fiel d
Calibration. The p rocess first requ ires the u ser to p lan acqu isitions in d ark and bright cond itions,
follow ed by the FFC p rocess itself. Please review the list of best p ractices in the General N otes on FFC
calibration section. The step s to p erform a FFC calibration u sing Cam Exp ert are d etailed below .
.
1. Verify a Dark Acquisition.
Close the cam era lens iris and cover the lens w ith a lens cap . Using Cam Exp ert, click on the grab
bu tton and then the histogram bu tton. The follow ing figu re show s a typ ical histogram for a
Falcon2 grabbing a very d ark im age.
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Figure 25 CamExpert histogram of a dark scan (8 bit output)
Important: In this example, the average pixel value for the frame is close to black. Also note that most sensors will show a
much higher maximum pixel value due to one or more "hot pixels". The sensor specification accounts for a small number of
hot or stuck pixels (pixels that do not react to light over the full dynamic range specified for that sensor).
2. Verify Bright Image
Aim the cam era at the PRN U reference. Using Cam Exp ert, click on the grab bu tton and then the
histogram bu tton. Use the lens iris to ad ju st for a bright gray ap p roxim ately aro u nd a p ixel valu e
of 200 (for 8-bit p ixels). The follow ing figu re show s a typ ical histogram for a Falcon2 grabbing a
bright gray im age.
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Important: In this example, the average pixel value for the frame is bright gray. Also note that sensors may show a much
higher maximum or a much lower minimum pixel value due to one or more "hot or dead pixels". The sensor specification
accounts for a small number of hot, stuck, or dead pixels (pixels that do not react to light over the full dynamic range specified
for that sensor).
Once the bright gray acqu isition setu p is d one, note the cam era p osition and lens iris p osition so
as to be able to rep eat it d u ring the calibration p roced u re.
3.
Start the Flat Field calibration tool via the Cam Exp ert m enu bar:
Pre-p rocessing > Flat Field Correction > Calibration.
The Flat Field calibration w ind ow p rovid es a three step p rocess to acqu ire tw o reference im ages
and then save the flat field correction d ata for the cam era u sed . To aid in d eterm ining if the
reference im ages are valid , a histogram tool is p rovid ed so that the u ser can review the im ages
u sed for the correction d ata. N ote that it is im p ortant to follow the instru ctions in the p reced ing
section to p rep are for the d ark and light acqu isition step s requ ired for calibration.
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Click on the Advanced Setting bu tton to change the d efau lt nu m ber of fram es averaged for each
calibration step . The d efau lt valu e is 10 fram es (as p erform ed by Cam Exp ert).
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5.
Setu p the cam era to cap tu re a u niform d ark im age. Black p ap er w ith no illu m ination and the
cam era lens‘ iris closed to m inim u m can p rovid e su ch a d ark im age. Or cover the lens w ith a
black lens cap .
6.
Click on Acquire Black Image. The flat field calibration tool w ill grab vid eo fram es, analyze the
p ixel gray level sp read , and p resent the statistics. The d esired black reference im age shou ld have
p ixel valu es less then 20. If the resu lts are accep table, accep t the im age as the black reference.
7.
Setu p the cam era to acqu ire a u niform w hite im age (bu t not satu rated w hite). Even illu m ination
on w hite p ap er can be u sed , w ith a gray level of m inim u m of 128 (8-bit m od e). It is p referable to
p rep are for the w hite level calibration step before starting the calibration p roced u re (see the
p reviou s section for inform ation).
8.
Click on Acquire White Image. The flat field d em o w ill grab vid eo fram es, analyze the p ixel gray
level sp read , and p resent the statistics. The cap tu red gray level for all p ixels shou ld be greater
than 128 bu t not satu rated . If the histogram show s a good grab accep t the im age as the w hite
reference.
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Click on Save. The flat field correction d ata is saved as a TIF im age w ith a file nam e of you r
choice (su ggestions are the cam era nam e and its serial nu m ber).
Using Flat Field Correction
When u sing Cam Exp ert, from the m en u bar enable Flat Field correction (Pre-Processing • Flat Field
Correction • H ard w are). N ow w hen d oing a live grab or snap , the incom ing im age is corrected by the
cu rrent flat field calibration d ata for each p ixel. Use the Cam Exp ert m enu fu nction Tools • F lat Field
Correction • Load to load in a flat field correction im age from p reviou sly saved calibration d ata.
Cam Exp ert allow s saving and load ing calibration d ata for all cam eras u sed w ith the im aging system .
Uploading Coefficient to the Camera
Flat field coefficients can u p load ed to the cam era via the file access control featu res. The Flat Field
Coefficients File is a stand ard TIF file. A Sap era ap p lication (su ch as Cam Exp ert) creates a new Sap Bu ffer
object of the sam e w id th as the im age bu ffer bu t w ith tw ice the nu m ber of lines. This p rovid es the room
to store both offset and gain Flat Field d ata. The Flat Field offset d ata is contained in the top half of the
new bu ffer, w hile the gain bu ffer is in the bottom half.
A Sap era ap p lication saves the new bu ffer u sing Sap Bu ffer::Save w ith the "-form at tiff" op tion, w hich
allow s saving d ata w ithou t loss of significant bits.
Defective Pixel Detection and Replacement
The cam era has tw o m ethod s of rep lacing p ixels. Static p ixel rep lacem ent u ses the FFC coefficients to
m ark p ixels that w ill be rep laced . Dynam ic p ixel rep lacem ent consists of a m ed ian filter that is ap p lied
w hen the given p ixel is above a threshold w hen com p ared to ad jacent p ixels.
Static Pixel Replacement
This is a techniqu e for the elim ination of d ead or hot p ixels. A p ixel on the left ed ge (beginning of the
line) w ou ld be rep laced w ith the p ixel to its right, w hile a p ixel on the right ed ge (end of the line) is
rep laced w ith the p ixel to its left. Any p ixel w ithin a line is rep laced w ith the average of its neighboring
p ixels (on the sam e line). For color sensors, the sam e algorithm is u sed excep t the rep lacem ent p ixel is of
the sam e color. N ote that three horizontally ad jacent d efective p ixel cannot be rep laced .
The cam era u ses the FFC coefficients to ind icate w hich p ixels need to be rep laced . If a p ixel has a
Gain(PRN U) coefficient that is equ al to the m axim u m gain( i.e. ap p rox 1.5 for H igh resolu tion and 2 for
H igh Gain m od e then the p ixel w ill be m arked for rep lacem ent. Ad d itionally, a p ixel w ill be rep laced if
has an Offset(FPN ) coefficient that is greater than the p ixel rep lacem ent threshold
(flatfieldCorrectionPixelReplacementThreshold). Low ering this threshold w ill rem ove m ore p ixels w ith high
offset coefficients.
Most hot and d ead p ixels w ill be id entified w hen a FPN or PRN U calibration is p erform ed in cam era. The
u ser can also m anu ally m ark a p ixel for rep lacem ent by setting its Offset Coefficient to 127. After the flat
field calibration has been p erform ed , the u ser can increase the exp osu r e tim e, cover the sensor, and ru n a
p ixel rep lacem ent calibration (flatfieldCalibrationPixelReplacement). See the section entitled Hot Pixels and
Long Exposure Times for m ore inform ation on w hy this need s to be d one.
The p ixel rep lacem ent calibration algorithm ad d s the new fou nd hot p ixels to the p ixel d efect m ap and
m u st be ru n after an offset calibration. If the d ifference betw een the average p ixel valu e and the stored
offset valu e(FPN coefficient) is greater than the calibration threshold (i.e.
flatfieldCalibrationPixelReplacementOffsetThreshold) then the p ixel is m arked for rep lacem ent. Typ ically, the
p ixel rep lacem ent calibration shou ld be ru n at the highest exp osu re tim e u sed in the target system . See
Ap p end ix D: Internal Flat Field Calibration Algorithm s for m ore inform ation on the algorithm .
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Dynamic Pixel Replacement
Dynam ic p ixel rep lacem ent d oes not requ ire calibration. It com p ares a given p ixel w ith its horizontally
ad jacent neighbors. If the d ifference betw een the p ixel and each neighbor is greater t hat the d efined
threshold (defectivePixelDetectionM inBrightThreshold) then the p ixel is rep laced by the m ed ian of the three
p ixels.
Pix1 Pix2 Pix3
Raw Line
Data
Pix4 Pix6
Pix7 Pix8 Pix9 Pix10 Pix11 Pix12 Pix13 Pix14
90 140
130 120 200 140 130 150 90 160 220 225 215 220
90
Abs(120-200) > threshold &&
Abs(200-140) > threshold
Data after
Median filter
Abs(150-90) > threshold &&
Abs(90-160) > threshold
90 140 120 140 140 130 150 150 160 220 225 215 220
90
Leave Edge
alone
120 140 200
90 150 160
Figure 26 Monochrome Median Filter
Pix1 Pix2 Pix3
Raw Line
Data
Pix4 Pix6
Pix7 Pix8 Pix9 Pix10 Pix11 Pix12 Pix13 Pix14
90 140
130 120 200 140 150
130 150 90 160 220 225 215 220
90
Abs(140-200) > threshold &&
Abs(200-150) > threshold
Data after
Median filter
Abs(150-90) > threshold &&
Abs(90-220) > threshold
90 140 120 150 140 150 150 150 160 220 225 215 220
90
Leave Edge
alone
140 150 200
90 150 220
Figure 27 Color Median Filter
Image Format Controls Category
The cam era Im age Form at controls, as show n by Cam Exp ert, grou p s p aram eters u sed to configu re
cam era p ixel form at, and im age crop p ing, Ad d itionally , a featu re control to select and ou tp u t an internal
test im age sim p lifies qu alifying a cam era setu p w ithou t a lens.
Parameters in gray are read only, either always or due to another parameter being disabled. Parameters in black are
user set in CamExpert or programmable via an imaging application.
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Features listed in the description table but tagged as Invisible are usually for Teledyne DALSA Support or third
party software usage—not typically required by end user applications.
Figure 28 Image Format Controls as shown in CamExpert
The follow ing table d escribes these p aram eters along w ith their view attribu te and m inim u m cam era
firm w are version requ ired . Ad d itionally the table w ill ind icate w hich p aram eter is a m em ber of the
DALSA Featu res N am ing Convention (DFN C), GenICam Stand ard Featu res N am ing Convention or
cu stom cam era featu re.
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
Teledyne DALSA
Width
Width
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Integer
Minimum: 512
Maximum: SensorW idth - OffsetX
Increment: 128
Height
Height
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Integer
Minimum: 2
Maximum: SensorHeight - OffsetY
Increment: 2
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N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
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OffsetX
Offset X
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Integer
Minimum: 0
Maximum: SensorW idth – W idth
Increment: 128
OffsetY
Offset Y
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Integer
Minimum: 0
Maximum: SensorHeight – Height
Increment: 2
PixelFormat
Pixel Format
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
M ono8 – The cam era outp uts 8 bits per pixel
M ono10 – The cam era outpu ts 10 bits per pixel. Available only w hen cam era set to output 8
Cam eralink taps
PixelColorFilter
Pixel Color Filter
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
N one
N o color filtering is available
PixelCoding
Pixel Color Filter
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
M ono – Monochrom e pixel d ata
Output im age pixel cod ing form at of the sensor.
PixelSize
Pixel Color Filter
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
Bpp8 – 8 bits per pixel
Bpp10 - 10 bits per pixel
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N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
77
TestImageSelector
Test Image Selector
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Off - Im age is from the cam era sensor.
GreyHorizontalRamp, GreyV erticalRamp, Purity,
GrayDiagonalRamp.,FPN DiagonalRamp., PRN U,SensorStaticPattern1,
SensorDynamicPattern1,StaticV alue., FPN Coefficients, Color
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
See the Test Patterns section for m ore inform ation . Flatfield correction w ill be d isabled if
the user selects the FPN Coefficients value
testImageStaticValue
Test Image Static Value
Custom
00
Beginner
Read -Write w hen TestImageSelector is either PRN U, or StaticValue
Integer
0 to 1023
This featu re allow s the u ser to inp u t a sp ecific nu m eric valu e for u se w ith the
cu rrently selected test im age p attern, if it is need ed
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
multipleAOIMode
[Enable] Multiple AOI Mode
Custom
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
00
Guru
Read -Write
Enum eration
A ctive – Multiple area of interest m od e is active
Off – Multiple area of interest m od e is not active. Use single AOI.
[Prelim inary] Enables or disables the m ultiple area of interest m od e
multipleAOICount
Multiple AOI Count
Custom
00
Guru
Read -Write w hen multipleA OIM ode is A ctive
Integer
2 to 16
[Prelim inary] Gets/ Sets the num ber of areas of interest
multipleAOISelector
Multiple AOI Selector
Custom
00
Guru
Read -Write w hen multipleA OIM ode is A ctive
Integer
1 to 16
[Prelim inary] Selects w hich area of interest to view / m od ify.
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
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N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
multipleAOIWidth
[Mulitple] AOI Width
Custom
00
Guru
Read -Write w hen multipleA OIM ode is A ctive
Integer
Minim um : 0
Maxim um : (SensorW idth – multipleA OIOffsetX )
Increm ent: 128
[Prelim inary] Specifies the w id th for all of the m ultiple areas of interest.
multipleAOIHeight
[Mulitple] AOI Height
Custom
00
Guru
Read -Write w hen multipleA OIM ode is A ctive
Integer
Minim um : 0
Maxim um : (SensorHeight – multipleA OIOffsetY )
Increm ent: 2
[Prelim inary] Specifies the height of the area of interest specified by multipleA OISelector.
multipleAOIOffsetX
[Mulitple] AOI Offset X
Custom
00
Guru
Read -Write w hen multipleA OIM ode is A ctive
Integer
Minim um : 0
Maxim um : (SensorHeight – multipleA OIW idth)
Increm ent: 2
Prelim inary] Specifies the horizontal offset for all of the areas of interest.
multipleAOIOffsetY
[Mulitple] AOI Offset Y
Custom
00
Guru
Read -Write w hen multipleA OIM ode is A ctive
Integer
Minim um : 0
Maxim um : (SensorHeight – multipleA OIHeight)
Increm ent: 2
[Prelim inary] Specifies the vertical offset of the area of interest specified by
multipleA OISelector.
Invisible Features
N ame
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
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streamingWidth, streamingHeight, streamingOffsetX, streamingOffsetY
Custom
04
Invisible
Read -Write
Integer
Sam e as correspond ing feature w ithout the stream ing prefix(e.g. Wid th)
Internal use. To im plem ent feature stream ing
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N ame
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
79
streamingPixelFormat
Custom
04
Invisible
Read -Write
Enum eration
Sam e as Pixel Form at
Internal use. To im plem ent feature stream ing
Test Patterns
When setting test p atterns, the cam era set the d igital gains to 1x, the d igital offsets to 0, and d eactivates
the flat field correction. This ensu res that the test p atterns ap p ear as they shou ld . At the sam e tim e, the
cam era saves the last set of valu es that w ere u sed for vid eo p rocessing and restores them w hen vid eo
ou tp u t is restored .
Description
Grey H orizontal Ram p : Im age is filled horizontally w ith an im age that goes from the d arkest p ossible
valu e to the brightest. The ram p rep eats every 1024 horizontal p ixels.
Figure 29 Gray Horizontal Ramp(not to scale)
Grey Vertical Ram p . Im age is filled vertically w ith an im age that goes from the d arkest p ossible valu e to
the brightest. The ram p rep eats every 1024 vertical p ixels.
Figure 30 Gray Vertical Ramp(not to scale)
Pu rity: Im age is filled w ith an im age that goes from the d arkest p ossible valu e to the brightest by 1 DN
increm ent p er fram e (10-bit ou tp u t).
Gray Diagonal Ram p : This test p attern is the su m of the horizontal and vertical test p atterns .
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Figure 31 Gray Horizontal Ramp(not to scale)
FPN Diagonal Ram p : This is the su m of a horizontal test p attern that rep eats every 64 p ixels and a
vertical test p attern that rep eats every 62 lines. This test p attern can be u sed to test FPN correction.
PRN U: This test p attern is the su m of 2*(FPN d iagonal ram p ) + t est ImageSt at icValue. This test p attern
can be u sed to test PRN U correction.
SensorStaticPattern1: This test p attern originates in the sensor and consists of tw o alternating vertical
lines. The valu e d ep end s on the PixelFormat and pixelSizeInput.
SensorDynam icPattern1: This test p attern originates in the sensor and consists of tw o interleaved vertical
ram p s. The first ram p increases by 1 DN to the m axim u m . The second ram p d ecreases by 1 D N u ntil it
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reaches 0. The starting valu es are d eterm ined by the sensor so changing the area of interest w ill change
these valu es..
Static Valu e: All p ixels are set to t est ImageSt at icValue
FPN Coefficients: The flatfield Offset (FPN ) valu es of the cu rrently selected flatfield set are d isp layed .
Color: The im age is tiled w ith squ ares that are 64 p ixels w id e. Each squ are tile is filled horizontally and
vertical w ith p ixels of each colors increasing at d ifferent rates. Ad d itionally Bayer d ecod ing m ay m od ify
the valu es at the ed ges of the tile.
Multiple AOI Mode
Use the Multiple AOI commands to d efine m u ltip le areas of interest. Once d efined , each of the AOIs
share a com m on w id th and x-offset valu e. That is, all the allow able w ind ow s you d efine w ill have the
sam e p ixel w id th and the sam e starting coord inate (x-offset valu e). Within these d efined p aram eters you
are free to set the height and y-offset valu es, inclu d ing overlap p ing height valu es. Up to 16 w ind ow s are
p erm itted . The m axim u m fram e rate w ill be d ep end ent on the total siz e of the selected AOIs (See Figu re
32).
To specify multiple areas of interest:
GenICam parameters > Image Format Controls:
1. Set the Multiple AOI Mode > Active.
2. In the Multiple AOI Count > set to the total number of windows you want (minimum of 2, maximum of 16).
3. Select one of the AOIs from Step 2 to define, using the Multiple AOI Selector.
4. Set the Width and Height of the selected AOI, using the Multiple AOI Width and Height parameters.
5. Set the Offset X and Offset Y values of the select AOI, using the Multiple AOI Offset X and Offset Y
parameters.
6. Choose another AOI to define, using the Multiple AOI Selector.
7. Repeat Steps 4 to 6 for each AOI. Note: the Width and the Offset X parameters are constant for each AOI.
Changing them for one of the select AOIs will automatically change them for the others in the set.
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Figure 32 Multiple Areas of Interest
N ote: Overlap p ing regions w ill be com bined .
Camera Link Transport Layer Category
The cam era‘s Cam era Link Transp ort Layer category grou p s p aram eters u sed to d ocu m ent and configu re
the Cam era Link ou tp u t of the cam era.
Parameters in gray are read only, either always or due to another parameter being disabled. Parameters in black are
user set in CamExpert or programmable via an imaging application.
Features listed in the description table but tagged as Invisible are usually for Teledyne DALSA Support or third
party software usage—and are not typically required by end user applications.
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Figure 33 CameraLink Transport Layer as shown in CamExpert
CameraLink Transport Layer Feature Description
The follow ing table d escribes the category‘s p aram eters along w ith their view a ttribu te and m inim u m
cam era firm w are version requ ired . Ad d itionally the table w ill ind icate w hich p aram eter is a m em ber of
the DALSA Featu res N am ing Convention (DFN C), GenICam Stand ard Featu res N am ing Convention , or
a cu stom cam era featu re.
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
Teledyne DALSA
ClConfiguration
CameraLink Configuration
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
Full - Stand ard full configuration d escribed by the Cam era Link stand ard .</ Description> .
Deca - Stand ard Deca configuration w ith 10 taps / 8-bit, as d escribed by the Cam era Link
Stand ard .
Describes the cam era's current Cam eraLink configuration.
ClTimeSlotsCount [TBC]
CameraLink TimeSlots
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
One – All cam era tap d ata is sent in one tim e slot.
Displays the num ber of consecutive tim e slots required for one com plete d ata transfer of all
cam era taps. For exam ple, w hen sending 4 taps over a 2 tap configuration, the required
num ber of tim eslots is 2.
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N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Units
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
deviceTapCount
CameraLink Taps
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Eight – The cam era outputs 8 Taps
Ten – The cam era outputs 10 Taps
N um ber of physical Cam eraLink taps in the cam era in the curr ent configuration.
clD eviceClockFrequency
CameraLink Pixel Clock Frequency
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Integer
Hz
76000000
The frequency of the clock on the Cam eraLink cables.
clFrameValidPreTrigger
Frame Valid PreTrigger
Custom
05
Guru
Read -Write
Integer
0 to 15
Som e third party fram e grabbers require that the FVAL and the first LVAL are separated by
a given am ount of tim e. This feature sets the n um ber of clocks to ad d to the FVAL transition
before the LVAL goes high .
This feature is not necessary for Teled yne DALSA fram e grabbers.
clSmoothLineValidTiming
Smooth Line Valid Timing
Custom
05
Guru
Read -Write
Enum eration
Disable - Line Valid signal is not regulated
Enable - Line Valid signal is regulated to com e out of the cam era at regular intervals.
Som e third party fram e grabbers require that the LVAL signal be at regular intervals. This
feature regulates the sensor‘s LVAL signal to prod uce a regular signal train .
This feature is not necessary for Teled yne DALSA fram e grabbers.
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N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
N otes
85
D eviceTapGeometry
D evice Tap Geometry
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Geometry_1X 8_1Y - 8 tap area scan, w ith 1 zone in X w ith 8 alternating taps & 1 zone in Y.

Tap 1 starts w ith pixel coord inate (1,1), extend ing to the im age w id th -1 and height,
using a step of 8 (that is x = 1, 9, 17,…).

Tap 2 starts w ith pixel coord inate (2,1), extend ing to the im age w id th and height, using
a step of 8 (that is, x = 2, 10, 18, …).

Etc.
Geometry_1X 10_1Y - 10 tap area scan, w ith 1 zone in X w ith 10 alternating taps & 1 zone in Y.

Tap 1 starts w ith pixel coord inate (1,1), extend ing to the im age w id th -1 and height,
using a step of 10 (that is x = 1, 11, 21,…).

Tap 2 starts w ith pixel coord inate (2,1), extend ing to the im age w id th and height, using
a step of 10 (that is, x = 2, 12, 22, …).

Etc.
The tap geom etry d escribes the geom etrical properties characterizing the d ifferent taps of a
m ulti-tap cam era.
D eviceReset
D evice Reset
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Com m and
Currently the cam era w ill send a response to this com m and because it is resetting itself. This
w ill result in an error in the host application.
Invisible Features
N ame
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
Teledyne DALSA
streamingD eviceTapCount
Custom
05
Invisible
Beginner
Enum eration
Sam e as d eviceTapCount
Internal use. Used to support stream ing
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Serial Port Control Category
Parameters in gray are read only, either always or due to another parameter being disabled. Parameters in black are
user set in CamExpert or programmable via an imaging application.
Figure 34 Serial Port control Category in CamExpert
Feature Description
The following table describes the category‘s parameters along with their view attribute and minimum camera
firmware version required. Additionally the table will indicate which parameter is a member of the DALSA Features
Naming Convention (DFNC), GenICam Standard Features Naming Convention or a custom camera feature.
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
D eviceSerialPortBaudRate
Serial Port Baud Rate
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
9600
19200
57600
115200
230400
460800
The Falcon2 cam era w ill alw ays boot in 9600 baud .
In firm w are version 4 and later, the cam era autom atically saves the baud rate in non-volatile
m em ory and w ill try to use that speed to com m unicate after the next pow er cycle.
N ame
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See Autom atic Serial Speed Detection for inform ation about how the serial speed is
d eterm ined .
deviceSerialPortD ataSize
Teledyne DALSA
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Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N am e
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
87
Serial Port D ata Size
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
bcp8 -8 bits per character
The num ber of bits that transm it a single character
deviceSerialPortParity
Serial Port Parity
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
N one – no partiy
deviceSerialPortN umberOfStopBits
Serial Port N um ber Of StopBits
DFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
Stopbits1 – stop bit
The num ber of bits used to indicate that a character has been trans m itted .
Automatic Serial Speed Detection
In ord er for the cam era and the fram e grabber to com m u nicate they both m u st be set to the sam e bau d
rate (serial sp eed ).
The serial p rotocol au tom atically d etects the sp eed of cam era by the follow ing step s:
1. Set the serial sp eed of the fram e grabber and send a com m and to the cam era
2. If the cam era d oesn‘t resp ond after a d efined tim e, then rep eat step 1.
3. Once com m u nication has been established the cam era w ill set the serial sp eed to the m axim u m
valu e that both th e cam era and fram e grabber can su p p ort (firm w are versions 0 to 3).
In firm w are version 4 or later, the m axim u m valu e w ill be the p reviou sly set valu e of the
DeviceSerialPortBaudRate featu re.
File Access Control Category
The File Access control in CamExpert allows the user to quickly upload various data files to the connected Falcon2.
The supported data files are for Falcon2 firmware updates, Flat Field coefficients, and files to debug the camera.
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Figure 35 File Access Control Category in CamExpert
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
FileSelector
File Selector
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Firmware: [Write-Only] Writing a new firm w are here w ill upd ate the cam era.
UserFlatfieldCoefficients1: Previously saved flat field coefficients (i.e. gain and offset).
UserFlatfieldCoefficients2: Previously saved flat field coefficients (i.e. gain and offset).
UserFlatfieldCoefficients3: Previously saved flat field coefficients (i.e. gain and offset).
UserFlatfieldCoefficients4: Previously saved flat field coefficients (i.e. gain and offset).
Logs: [Read -Only] Dow nload cam era logs. This is a zipped file.
CameraSettings: [Read -Only] Dow nload cam era settings. This is a htm l file. Please save w ith
a htm extension.
TestFile: Du m m y read and w rite file.
N otes
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
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Selects the file to access. The file types w hich are accessible are d evice d epend ent.
FileOperationSelector
File Operation Selector
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Open: Select the Open operation - executed by FileOperationExecute.
Close: Select the Close operation - executed by FileOperationExecute.
Read: Select the Read operation - executed by FileOperationExecute.
W rite: Select the Write operation - executed by FileOperationExecute
Delete: Select the Delete operation - executed by FileOperationExecute
Selects the target operation for the selected file in the d evice. This operation is executed
w hen the File Operation Execute feature is called .
Teledyne DALSA
Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
N ame
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
N otes
N am e
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N am e
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
N otes
N am e
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N am e
Disp lay N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
N otes
N am e
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
Values
Teledyne DALSA
89
FileOperationExecute
File Operation Execute
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Com m and
Executes the operation selected by File Operation Selector on the selected file.
FileOpenMode
File Open Mode
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Read: Select READ only open m od e
W rite: Select WRITE only open m od e
Selects the access m od e used to open a file on the d evice.
FileAccessBuffer
File Access Buffer
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Defines the interm ed iate access buffer that allow s the exchange of d ata betw een the d evice
file storage and the application.
FileAccessOffset
File Access Offset
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
0 to (FileSize-1) or 16777216, w hichever value is sm aller.
Controls the m apping offset betw een the d evice file storage and the file access buffer.
FileAccessLength
File Access Length
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
1 to Maxim um size of FileA ccessBuffer
Controls the m apping length betw een the d evice file storage and the file a ccess buffer.
File Operation Status
File Operation Status
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
Success : The last file operation has com pleted successfully .
Failure:The last file operation has com pleted unsuccessfully for an unknow n reason.
FileUnavailable:The last file operation has com pleted unsuccessfully because the file is
currently unavailable.
FileInvalid: The last file operation has com pleted unsuccessfully b ecause the selected file in
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N otes
N am e
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
N otes
N am e
Display N am e
N am e Sp ace
Firm w are Release
Visibility
Access
Type
N otes
not present in this cam era m od el.
Selects the access m od e used to open a file on the d evice.
FileOperationResult
File Operation Result
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Only
Enum eration
Displays the file operation result. For Read or Write operations, the num ber of successfully
read / w ritten bytes is returned.
FileSize
File Size
SFN C
00
Beginner
Read -Write
Enum eration
Represents the size of the selected file in bytes.
File Access via the CamExpert Tool
1.
Click on the ―Setting…‖ button to show the file selection menu.
2.
Figure 36 Initial File Access Control Dialog
From the Type drop menu, select the file type that will be uploaded to the camera.
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3.
From the File Selector drop menu, select the camera memory location for the uploaded data. This menu
presents only the applicable data locations for the selected file type.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Click the Browse button to open a typical Windows Explorer window.
Select the specific file from the system drive or from a network location.
Click the Download button to execute the file transfer from the Falcon2.
Note that firmware changes require a device reset command.
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Appendix A: Camera Link
Output Signals, Camera Link Clocking Signals
These signals ind icate w hen d ata is valid , allow ing you to clock the d ata from the cam era to you r
acqu isition system . These signals are p art of the Cam era Link configu ration and you shou ld refer to the
Cam era Link Im p lem entation Road Map , available at ou r Know led ge Center, for the stand ard location of
these signals.
Clocking Signal
Indicates
LVAL (high)
DVAL
STROBE (rising ed ge)
FVAL (high)
Ou tp u tting valid line
N ot u sed , stu ck low
Valid d ata
Ou tp u tting valid fram e

The sensor internally d igitizes to 10, 9, or 8 bits. The cam era ou tp u ts the 8 m ost significant bits
(MSB‘s) or all 10-bits d ep end ing on the Cam era Link m od e that the cam era is op erating in .
Camera Link cable quality and length
The m axim u m allow able Cam era Link cable length d ep end s on the qu ality of the cable u sed and the
Cam era Link strobe frequ ency. Cable qu ality d egrad es over tim e as the cable is flexed . In ad d ition, as the
Cam era Link strobe frequ ency is increased the m axim u m allow able cable length w ill d ecr ease.
The cam eras are cap able of d riving cables less than 7 m etres in length. We d o not gu arantee good
im aging p erform ance w ith low qu ality cables of any length. In general, w e recom m end the u se of high
qu ality cables for any cable length.
Recommended Cables
We recom m end the u se of high -qu ality m ini-CL cables. Teled yne DALSA has 3 m eter and 5 m eter cables
available as accessories. Contact Cu stom er Su p p ort.
Data Connector: Camera Link
The cam era u ses tw o m ini-Cam era Link SDR-26 cables transm itting the Cam era Link Fu ll or Extend ed
configu ration. The figu re below show s the SDR-26 m ini Cam era Link Connector and the tables that
follow list the Cam era Link Fu ll and Extend ed configu ration s.
For d etailed inform ation on Cam era Link p lease refer to the Cam era Link Road Map available from the
Know led ge Center on the Teled yne DALSA Web site:
(http :/ / w w w .teled yned alsa.com / m v/ know led ge/ ap p notes.asp x).
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Figure 37: SDR-26 Mini Camera Link Connector
Data 2
Camera
Connector
1
14
2
15
3
16
4
17
5
18
6
19
7
20
8
21
9
22
10
23
11
24
12
25
13
26
Right Angle
Frame Grabber
Connector
1
14
25
12
24
11
23
10
22
9
21
8
20
7
19
6
18
5
17
4
16
3
15
2
13
26
Channel Link
Signal
inner shield
inner shield
Y0Y0+
Y1Y1+
Y2Y2+
YclkYclk+
Y3Y3+
100 ohm
terminated
Z0Z0+
Z1Z1+
Z2Z2+
ZclkZclk+
Z3Z3+
inner shield
inner shield
Control / Data 1
Camera
Right Angle
Connector
Frame Grabber
Connector
1
1
14
14
2
25
15
12
3
24
16
11
4
23
17
10
5
22
18
9
6
21
19
8
7
20
20
7
8
19
21
6
9
18
22
5
10
17
23
4
11
16
24
3
12
15
25
2
13
13
26
26
Channel Link
Signal
inner shield
inner shield
X0X0+
X1X1+
X2X2+
XclkXclk+
X3X3+
SerTC+
SerTCSerTFGSerTFG+
CC1CC1+
CC2+
CC2CC3CC3+
CC4+
CC4inner shield
inner shield
*Exterior Overshield is connected to the shells of the connectors on both ends. Unused pairs should be terminated in 100 ohms at
both ends of the cable. Inner shield is connected to signal ground inside camera
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Full Configuration
Connector 1: Channel link X
Camera/Frame
Grabber Pin
Tx0/Rx0
Tx1/Rx1
Tx2/Rx2
Tx3/Rx3
Tx4/Rx4
Tx5/Rx5
Tx6/Rx6
Tx7/Rx7
Tx8/Rx8
Tx9/Rx9
Tx10/Rx10
Tx11/Rx11
Tx12/Rx12
Tx13/Rx13
Tx14/Rx14
Tx15/Rx15
Tx16/Rx16
Tx17/Rx17
Tx18/Rx18
Tx19/Rx19
Tx20/Rx20
Tx21/Rx21
Tx22/Rx22
Tx23/Rx23
Tx24/Rx24
Tx25/Rx25
Tx26/Rx26
Tx27/Rx27
8 taps 8 bits Camera link Full configuration
Connector 2: Channel link Y
Connector 3: Channel link Z
Bit Name
D0(0)
D0(1)
D0(2)
D0(3)
D0(4)
D0(7)
D0(5)
D1(0)
D1(1)
D1(2)
D1(6)
D1(7)
D1(3)
D1(4)
D1(5)
D2(0)
D2(6)
D2(7)
D2(1)
D2(2)
D2(3)
D2(4)
D2(5)
Not Used
LVAL
FVAL
Not Used
D0(6)
Camera/Frame
Grabber Pin
Tx0/Rx0
Tx1/Rx1
Tx2/Rx2
Tx3/Rx3
Tx4/Rx4
Tx5/Rx5
Tx6/Rx6
Tx7/Rx7
Tx8/Rx8
Tx9/Rx9
Tx10/Rx10
Tx11/Rx11
Tx12/Rx12
Tx13/Rx13
Tx14/Rx14
Tx15/Rx15
Tx16/Rx16
Tx17/Rx17
Tx18/Rx18
Tx19/Rx19
Tx20/Rx20
Tx21/Rx21
Tx22/Rx22
Tx23/Rx23
Tx24/Rx24
Tx25/Rx25
Tx26/Rx26
Tx27/Rx27
Bit Name
D3(0)
D3(1)
D3(2)
D3(3)
D3(4)
D3(7)
D3(5)
D4(0)
D4(1)
D4(2)
D4(6)
D4(7)
D4(3)
D4(4)
D4(5)
D5(0)
D5(6)
D5(7)
D5(1)
D5(2)
D5(3)
D5(4)
D5(5)
Not Used
LVAL
FVAL
Not Used
D3(6)
Camera/Frame
Grabber Pin
Tx0/Rx0
Tx1/Rx1
Tx2/Rx2
Tx3/Rx3
Tx4/Rx4
Tx5/Rx5
Tx6/Rx6
Tx7/Rx7
Tx8/Rx8
Tx9/Rx9
Tx10/Rx10
Tx11/Rx11
Tx12/Rx12
Tx13/Rx13
Tx14/Rx14
Tx15/Rx15
Tx16/Rx16
Tx17/Rx17
Tx18/Rx18
Tx19/Rx19
Tx20/Rx20
Tx21/Rx21
Tx22/Rx22
Tx23/Rx23
Tx24/Rx24
Tx25/Rx25
Tx26/Rx26
Tx27/Rx27
Bit Name
D6(0)
D6(1)
D6(2)
D6(3)
D6(4)
D6(7)
D6(5)
D7(0)
D7(1)
D7(2)
D7(6)
D7(7)
D7(3)
D7(4)
D7(5)
Not Used
Not Used
Not Used
Not Used
Not Used
Not Used
Not Used
Not Used
Not Used
LVAL
FVAL
Not Used
D6(6)
Tap 1 bits are D0(x)…Tap 8 bits are D7(x)
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Extended Configurations
Connector 1: Channel link X
Camera/Frame
Grabber Pin
Tx0/Rx0
Tx1/Rx1
Tx2/Rx2
Tx3/Rx3
Tx4/Rx4
Tx5/Rx5
Tx6/Rx6
Tx7/Rx7
Tx8/Rx8
Tx9/Rx9
Tx10/Rx10
Tx11/Rx11
Tx12/Rx12
Tx13/Rx13
Tx14/Rx14
Tx15/Rx15
Tx16/Rx16
Tx17/Rx17
Tx18/Rx18
Tx19/Rx19
Tx20/Rx20
Tx21/Rx21
Tx22/Rx22
Tx23/Rx23
Tx24/Rx24
Tx25/Rx25
Tx26/Rx26
Tx27/Rx27
Teledyne DALSA
10 taps 8 bits Camera link Extended configuration
Connector 1: Channel link Y
Connector 1: Channel link Z
Bit Name
D0(0)
D0(1)
D0(2)
D0(3)
D0(4)
D0(5)
D0(6)
D0(7)
D1(0)
D1(1)
D1(2)
D1(3)
D1(4)
D1(5)
D1(6)
D1(7)
D2(0)
D2(1)
D2(2)
D2(3)
D2(4)
D2(5)
D2(6)
D2(7)
LVAL
FVAL
D3(0)
D3(1)
Camera/Frame
Grabber Pin
Tx0/Rx0
Tx1/Rx1
Tx2/Rx2
Tx3/Rx3
Tx4/Rx4
Tx5/Rx5
Tx6/Rx6
Tx7/Rx7
Tx8/Rx8
Tx9/Rx9
Tx10/Rx10
Tx11/Rx11
Tx12/Rx12
Tx13/Rx13
Tx14/Rx14
Tx15/Rx15
Tx16/Rx16
Tx17/Rx17
Tx18/Rx18
Tx19/Rx19
Tx20/Rx20
Tx21/Rx21
Tx22/Rx22
Tx23/Rx23
Tx24/Rx24
Tx25/Rx25
Tx26/Rx26
Tx27/Rx27
Bit Name
D3(2)
D3(3)
D3(4)
D3(5)
D3(6)
D3(7)
D4(0)
D4(1)
D4(2)
D4(3)
D4(4)
D4(5)
D4(6)
D4(7)
D5(0)
D5(1)
D5(2)
D5(3)
D5(4)
D5(5)
D5(6)
D5(7)
D6(0)
D6(1)
D6(2)
D6(3)
D6(4)
LVAL
Camera/Frame
Grabber Pin
Tx0/Rx0
Tx1/Rx1
Tx2/Rx2
Tx3/Rx3
Tx4/Rx4
Tx5/Rx5
Tx6/Rx6
Tx7/Rx7
Tx8/Rx8
Tx9/Rx9
Tx10/Rx10
Tx11/Rx11
Tx12/Rx12
Tx13/Rx13
Tx14/Rx14
Tx15/Rx15
Tx16/Rx16
Tx17/Rx17
Tx18/Rx18
Tx19/Rx19
Tx20/Rx20
Tx21/Rx21
Tx22/Rx22
Tx23/Rx23
Tx24/Rx24
Tx25/Rx25
Tx26/Rx26
Tx27/Rx27
Bit Name
D6(5)
D6(6)
D6(7)
D7(0)
D7(1)
D7(2)
D7(3)
D7(4)
D7(5)
D7(6)
D7(7)
D8(0)
D8(1)
D8(2)
D8(3)
D8(4)
D8(5)
D8(6)
D8(7)
D9(0)
D9(1)
D9(2)
D9(3)
D9(4)
D9(5)
D9(6)
D9(7)
LVAL
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Connector 1: Channel link X
Camera/Frame
Grabber Pin
Tx0/Rx0
Tx1/Rx1
Tx2/Rx2
Tx3/Rx3
Tx4/Rx4
Tx5/Rx5
Tx6/Rx6
Tx7/Rx7
Tx8/Rx8
Tx9/Rx9
Tx10/Rx10
Tx11/Rx11
Tx12/Rx12
Tx13/Rx13
Tx14/Rx14
Tx15/Rx15
Tx16/Rx16
Tx17/Rx17
Tx18/Rx18
Tx19/Rx19
Tx20/Rx20
Tx21/Rx21
Tx22/Rx22
Tx23/Rx23
Tx24/Rx24
Tx25/Rx25
Tx26/Rx26
Tx27/Rx27
03-032-20107-03
8 taps 10 bits Camera link Extended configuration
Connector 1: Channel link Y
Connector 1: Channel link Z
Bit Name
D0(2)
D0(3)
D0(4)
D0(5)
D0(6)
D0(9)
D0(7)
D1(2)
D1(3)
D1(4)
D1(8)
D1(9)
D1(5)
D1(6)
D1(7)
D2(2)
D2(8)
D2(9)
D2(3)
D2(4)
D2(5)
D2(6)
D2(7)
D0(1)
LVAL
FVAL
D0(0)
D0(8)
Camera/Frame
Grabber Pin
Tx0/Rx0
Tx1/Rx1
Tx2/Rx2
Tx3/Rx3
Tx4/Rx4
Tx5/Rx5
Tx6/Rx6
Tx7/Rx7
Tx8/Rx8
Tx9/Rx9
Tx10/Rx10
Tx11/Rx11
Tx12/Rx12
Tx13/Rx13
Tx14/Rx14
Tx15/Rx15
Tx16/Rx16
Tx17/Rx17
Tx18/Rx18
Tx19/Rx19
Tx20/Rx20
Tx21/Rx21
Tx22/Rx22
Tx23/Rx23
Tx24/Rx24
Tx25/Rx25
Tx26/Rx26
Tx27/Rx27
Bit Name
D3(2)
D3(3)
D3(4)
D3(5)
D3(6)
D3(9)
D3(7)
D4(2)
D4(3)
D4(4)
D4(8)
D4(9)
D4(5)
D4(6)
D4(7)
D5(2)
D5(8)
D5(9)
D5(3)
D5(4)
D5(5)
D5(6)
D5(7)
D2(0)
LVAL
D1(0)
D1(1)
D3(8)
Camera/Frame
Grabber Pin
Tx0/Rx0
Tx1/Rx1
Tx2/Rx2
Tx3/Rx3
Tx4/Rx4
Tx5/Rx5
Tx6/Rx6
Tx7/Rx7
Tx8/Rx8
Tx9/Rx9
Tx10/Rx10
Tx11/Rx11
Tx12/Rx12
Tx13/Rx13
Tx14/Rx14
Tx15/Rx15
Tx16/Rx16
Tx17/Rx17
Tx18/Rx18
Tx19/Rx19
Tx20/Rx20
Tx21/Rx21
Tx22/Rx22
Tx23/Rx23
Tx24/Rx24
Tx25/Rx25
Tx26/Rx26
Tx27/Rx27
Bit Name
D6(2)
D6(3)
D6(4)
D6(5)
D6(6)
D6(9)
D6(7)
D7(2)
D7(3)
D7(4)
D7(8)
D7(9)
D7(5)
D7(6)
D7(7)
D2(1)
D5(1)
D6(0)
D3(0)
D3(1)
D4(0)
D4(1)
D5(0)
D7(1)
LVAL
D6(1)
D7(0)
D6(8)
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Appendix B: Camera, Frame
Grabber Communication
Setting Up Communication between the Camera and the Frame
Grabber
Teled yne DALSA Cam era Link cam eras su p p ort the GenCP Cam eraLink stand ard s.
To configu re Teled yne DALSA GenCP Cam era Link Cam eras:
1. Install the Teled yne DALSA fram e grabber in the host com p u ter; refer to the hard w are
installation m anu al
2. Install Sap era LT and the Teled yne DALSA fram e grabber d river.
3. Connect the cam era to the fram e grabber; refer to the cam era installati on m anu al.
4. Ru n the Sap era Configu ration u tility, select the fram e grabber serial p ort connected to the
cam era, and set the Enable camera detection p aram eter to Yes.
5.
Start the Cam Exp ert ap p lication. In the Device tab, select either the cam era or fram e gra bber to
ad ju st their p aram eters; cu rrently, for GenCP cam eras, the cam era and fram e grabber p aram eters
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m u st be ad ju sted sep arately.
6.
Mod ify the cam era and fram e grabber p aram eter settings as requ ired , and test the im age
acqu isition by clicking the Grab bu tton.
7.
Save the fram e grabber configu ration to a new *.ccf file.
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Appendix C: Cleaning the Sensor
Window
Recommended Equipment


Glass cleaning station w ith m icroscop e w ithin clean room .
3M ionized air gu n 980
(http :/ / solu tions.3m canad a.ca/ w p s/ p ortal/ 3M/ en_CA/ WW2/ Cou ntry/ )


Ionized air flood system , foot op erated .
Sw ab (H UBY-340CA-003)
(http :/ / w w w .cleancross.net/ m od u les/ xfsection/ article.p hp ?articleid =24)


Single d rop bottle (FD-2-ESD)
E2 (Eclip se op tic cleaning system (w w w .p hotosol.com )



Use localized ionized air flow on to th e glass d u ring sensor cleaning.
Blow off m obile contam ination u sing an ionized air gu n.
Place the sensor u nd er the m icroscop e at a m agnification of 5x to d eterm ine the
location of any rem aining contam ination.


Clean the contam ination on the sensor u sing one d rop of E2 on a sw ab.
Wip e the sw ab from left to right (or right to left bu t only in one d irection). Do
this in an overlap p ing p attern, tu rning the sw ab after the first w ip e and w ith
each su bsequ ent w ip e. Avoid sw ip ing back and forth w ith the sam e sw ab in
ord er to ensu re that p articles are rem oved and not sim p ly transferred to a new
location on the sensor w ind ow . This p roced u re requ ires you to u se m u ltip le
sw abs.
Discard the sw ab after both sid es of the sw ab have been u sed once.
Rep eat u ntil there is no visible contam ination p resent.
Procedure


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Appendix D: Internal Flat Field
Calibration Algorithms
The Falcon2 cam era p rovid es the u ser w ith the ability to p erform a cu stom flat field calibration. This
ap p end ix gives d etails of the calibration algorithm s. All calibratio n is p erform ed on averaged im age d ata
to red u ce noise.
Offset (FPN) Calibration
Offset calibration is p erform ed w hen the sensor is not exp osed to light. The offset valu es are calcu lated as
follow s:
 The cam era averages several (see flatfieldCalibrationSampleSize) im ages.
 The offset correction is sim p ly the average at each p ixel.
 If the valu e is greater than the m axim u m correction(i.e. 127) then the p ixel is m arked for
rep lacem ent and the nu m ber of hot p ixels rep laced is increm ented
(flatfieldCalibrationHotPixelsReplaced).
 If the valu e is equ al to 0 then the nu m ber of clip p ed offset p ixels is increm ented
(flatfieldCalibrationOffsetPixelsClipped).
Pixel Replacement Calibration
Like the offset calibration, p ixel rep lacem ent calibration is d one w hen the sensor is not exp osed to light.
This calibration is u sed to find and rep lace p ixels that tu rn ―hot‖ at longer exp osu re tim es. Therefore , the
calibration shou ld be p erform ed after the Offset calibration has been p erform ed .
The Pixel rep lacem ent calibration is p erform ed as follow s:
 The cam era averages several (see flatfieldCalibrationSampleSize) im ages.
 For each p ixel
o The offset correction valu e (FPN coefficient) is su btracted from the averaged p ixel valu e.
o If the d ifferece is greater than the p ixel rep lacem ent offset threshold
(flatfieldCalibrationPixelReplacementOffsetThreshold) then the p ixel is m arked for
rep lacem ent and the nu m ber of hot p ixels rep laced is increm ented
(flatfieldCalibrationHotPixelsReplaced).
o In this w ay ‗new ‘ hot p ixels that ap p ear d u e to the longer exp osu re tim e are targeted .
Gain (PRNU) Calibration
The flat field gain calibration is p erform ed after the offset calibration, w hen the sensor is exp osed to flat
light sou rce. The gain on each p ixel is ad ju sted to achieve a target valu e.
For the m onochrom e cam eras the p rocess is as follow s:
 The cam era averages several (see flatfieldCalibrationSampleSize) im ages.
 For each p ixel of the averaged im age:
o Su btract the p reviou sly calibrated offset valu es (FPN ).
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o
101
Calcu late the m u ltip lication factor necessary to achieve the target valu e. The target valu e
is calcu lated u sing flatfieldCalibrationTarget. See Figu re 38.
ADC
Target
PRNUxy
Multiplier
Pixelxy
Figure 38 Monochrome Flat Field Gain Calibration
If the calcu lated gain is less than 1 then the nu m ber of clip p ed gain p ixels
(flatfieldCalibrationGainPixelsClipped) is increm ented . A large nu m ber of clip p ed p ixels
m ay ind icate a p oorly chosen target or exp osu re setting.
o If the calcu lated p ixel gain is greater than the p ixel rep lacem ent threshold (see
flatfieldCalibrationPixelReplacementGainThreshold) then the p ixel is m arked for rep lacem ent
and the nu m ber of d ead p ixels rep lace is increm ented
(flatfieldCalibrationDeadPixelsReplaced). These p ixels w ill have the m axim u m gain
correction bu t w ill not reach the target. By d efau lt the rep lacem ent threshold is set to the
highest correctable valu e so that the nu m ber of d ead p ixels that are not rep laced is 0.
o If the calcu lated p ixel gain is not correctable (i.e. greater than 1.5 or 2 w hen
flatfieldCalibrationGainM ode is HighResolution or HighGain) bu t less than the rep lacem ent
threshold then the gain is set to m axim u m and the nu m ber of d ead p ixels not rep laced is
increm ented (flatfieldCalibrationDeadPixelsN otReplaced)
Once the gain valu es are calcu lated , the valu es are u sed to correct the im age .
o

Calibrated Flat Field Gain Values
Clipped Gain
0
Correctable
“Dead” Pixels
NOT Replaced
“Dead” Pixels Replaced
1.5 or
2.0
1
Gain(PRNU)
(See flatfieldCalibrationGainMode)
(flatfieldCalibration
PixelReplacement
GainThreshold)
For the color cam eras, the p rocess is sim ilar w ith the excep tion of the target valu e. For co lor cam eras each
color has its ow n target based on the average of each color m u ltip lied by a factor (ap p rox. 1.25). After
each color is corrected the color gains are ad ju sted to set the p ixels to the m axim u m color.
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Appendix E: Three Letter
Commands
In ad d ition to the GenICam interface, the Falcon2 cam era su p p orts the classic three letter com m and (TLC)
interface. This m ethod of controlling the cam era m ay be p referable to cu stom ers w ith existing system s
that u se TLCs or w ho are u sing an op erating system that is not su p p orted by Sap era or GenICam .
To access the TLC an ASCII-based communications interface application, such as HyperTerminal.
Additionally it is possible to use the functions of clserxxx.dll or clallserial.dll as defined in the
Camera Link Specification.
Figure 39 Serial DLL hierarchy as mentioned in the Camera Link Specification
Putting Camera In TLC Mode
The cam era boots u p in GenICam (GenCP) m od e at 9600 bau d (8 bits N o Parity 1 Stop Bit). To p u t the
cam era into three letter com m and m od e:
N ote 1
1. Pow er cycle the cam era
N ote 2
2. Start a serial console ap p lication
3. Configu re the cam era link virtu al serial p ort to:
 9600bau d
 8 bits
 N o Parity
 1 Stop Bit
 N o flow control
See the section titled Setting the Sap era‘s COM Port Map p ing
4. Configu re the serial console to echo characters locally
N ote 3
5. Press the ESC key
6. An OK p rom p t shou ld ap p ear.
N OTES:
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1.
2.
3.
103
Som e GenICam Softw are au tom atically ad ju sts the bau d rate so if you are not p ow er cycling or
resetting the cam era then you w ill need to d eterm ine the bau d rate from the
DeviceSerialPortBaudRate.
The H yp erterm inal ap p lication is n ot available in the Wind ow s 7 OS. The follow ing alternative
ASCII-interfaces have been tested and show n to w ork w ith this cam era:
TeraTerm : http :/ / logm ett.com / ind ex.p hp ?/ d ow nload / tera-term -473-freew are.htm l
Pu TTY: http :/ / p u tty.en.softonic.com /
If you are u sing interfaces other than H yp erTerm inal, the ASCII character, ESC, is d ecim al 27
and need s to be issu ed . From the com m and line insert ESC by u sing ALT+2+7 of the activated
N u m -Pad . In som e cases this need s to be follow ed by a carriage retu rn or a linefeed to send this
to the cam era. In ASCII the ESC character m ay look like this: “←”.
Setting the Sapera’s COM Port Mapping
In ord er to access the TLCs the Cam era Link softw are need s to m ap the Cam era Link serial p ort to a
virtu al serial p ort on the host PC. In Sap era, u se the Sap era Configu ration Ap p lication to sp ecify w hich of
the PCs Com p orts w ill be m ap p ed to Cam era Link.
Getting Started
When the cam era is in three letter com m and m od e, it w ill send a p rom p t(i.e. >) to ind icate that it is read y
for inp u t. If the p reviou s com m and w as su ccessfu l then it w ill send an OK> p rom p t. If there w as an error
or w arning then the p rom p t w ill ind icate the natu re of the p roblem (e.g. Unrecognized Command> ). To
execu te a com m and , you w ill enter the com m and nam e follow ed by relevant p aram eters and p ress enter.
The com m and w ill execu te and retu rn the p rom p t w hen it is com p lete.
N ote that the com m and s are case insensitive.
The Help Command (h or ?)
To get a list of available com m and p ress h and then enter. This w ill list all of the com m and s available on
the cam era as w ell as a short d escrip tion and the range of accep table valu es. Ad d itional ly, the help
com m and w ill d isp lay the text Not Available if the u ser is u nable to u se this com m and becau se of the
setu p of the cam era. Som etim es the help inform ation d oes not fit on a single line bu t the ? com m and w ill
give m ore d etailed help .
Getting Parameters (gcp or get)
The gcp com m and p rovid es a snap shot of all of the cam era‘s settings. It is a good p lace to start to get
fam iliar w ith the cam era‘s cap abilities and featu res. In ad d ition to the gcp com m and , the get com m and
p rovid es a w ay to get the valu e associated w ith a given com m and (eg. get ssf retu rns the fram erate).
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Commands
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
area of interest - height
aih
2 to m ax height
height

Max height d eterm ined by m od el and aspect ratio
GenICam
Release
Notes
 in increments of 2
Height
6
The values will be rounded to the nearest increment.
Changing the aspect ratio will change the values of the AOI
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
area of interest - width
aiw
512 to m ax w id th
width

Max w id th d eterm ined by m od el and aspect ratio
GenICam
Release
Notes
 In increments of 128
Width
6
The values will be rounded to the nearest increment.
Changing the aspect ratio will change the values of the AOI
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
area of interest - offset y
aiy
offset
0 to (max height – Height) in increments of 2

Max height d eterm ined by m od el and aspect ratio

GenICam
Release
Notes
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
in increments of 2
OffsetY
6
The values will be rounded to the nearest increment.
Changing the aspect ratio will change the values of the AOI
area of interest - offset x
aiy
offset
0 to (max width – width) in increments of 128

Max height d eterm ined by m od el and aspect ratio

GenICam
Release
Notes
in increments of 128
OffsetX
6
The values will be rounded to the nearest increment.
Changing the aspect ratio will change the values of the AOI
Full Name
Mnemonic
GenICam
Release
Notes
calibrate fpn correction
ccf
Full Name
Mnemonic
camera link mode(taps)
clm
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flatfieldCalibrationFPN
6
Only available when flat field mode is set to calibration ( i.e. ffm = CAL)
May take several seconds to several minutes to complete
See Ap p end ix D: Internal Flat Field Calibration Algorithm s for more information
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8: 8 camera link taps
10: 10 camera link taps
Argument(s)
taps
GenICam
Release
Notes
deviceTapCount
6
The tap count must match what the framegrabber is expecting
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
calibrate prnu correction
cpa
target
gain mode
Bad pixel threshold
The percentage of full scale to use as calibration target
(monochrome models only)
The gain mode used in the calibration
HG:High Gain
HR:High Resolution
The PRNU gain factor above which the pixel is marked defective.
1.50~7.99
GenICam
flatfieldCalibrationPRN U
flatfieldCalibrationTarget
flatfieldCalibrationGainM ode
flatfieldCalibrationPixelReplacementGainThreshold
Release
Notes
6
Only available when flat field mode is set to calibration ( i.e. ffm = CAL)
May take several seconds to several minutes to complete depending on frame rate
See Ap p end ix D: Internal Flat Field Calibration Algorithm s for more information
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
calibrate pixel replacement
cpr
Sp ecifies the d ifference betw een offset(FPN ) and average
threshold
value(d uring pixel calibration), above w hich the pixel is m arked as
d efective.
flatfieldCalibrationPixelReplacement
flatfieldCalibrationPixelReplacementOffsetThreshold
GenICam
Release
Notes
6
Only available when flat field mode is set to calibration ( i.e. ffm = CAL)
May take several seconds to several minutes to complete depending on frame rate
See Ap p end ix D: Internal Flat Field Calibration Algorithm s for more information.
Full Name
Mnemonic
GenICam
Release
Notes
flatfield clear coefficients
fcc
flatfieldCalibrationClearCoefficient
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
flatfield copy from
fcf
GenICam
Release
Notes
Teledyne DALSA
6
Only available when flat field mode is set to calibration ( i.e. ffm = CAL)
Clears the current set selected by the fsc command
F:
1:
2:
3:
4:
flatfieldCoefficientsCopyInCurrent
source
Copy
Copy
Copy
Copy
Copy
from
from
from
from
from
factory set
set 1
set 2
set 3
set 4
6
Only available when flat field mode is set to calibration ( i.e. ffm = CAL)
There is a factory flat field set for every inp u t p ixel size.
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Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
flatfield set current
fsc
GenICam
Release
Notes
flatfieldCorrectionCurrentA ctiveSet
6
Only available when flat field mode is not set to calibration ( i.e. ffm != CAL)
Full Name
Mnemonic
GenICam
flatfield display stats
fds
flatfieldCalculatePixelStatistics
flatfieldCalibrationGainPixelsClipped
flatfieldCalibrationDeadPixelsN otReplaced
flatfieldCalibrationOffsetPixelsClipped
flatfieldCalibrationUncorrectableDeadPixels
flatfieldCalibrationDeadPixelsReplaced
flatfieldCalibrationUncorrectableHotPixels
flatfieldCalibrationHotPixelsReplaced
Release
Notes
6
Displays flatfield statistics.
e.g.
current set
F|1|2|3|4
F:
1:
2:
3:
4:
Set
Set
Set
Set
Set
current
current
current
current
current
to
to
to
to
to
factory set
set 1
set 2
set 3
set 4
OK>fds
Hot Pixels
:0
Uncorrectable Hot Pixels : 0
Dead Pixels Replaced : 19
Uncorrectable Dead Pixels: 123
Dead Pixels Not Replaced : 0
Offset Pixels Clipped : 2
Gain Pixels Clipped
:0
OK>^
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
GenICam
Release
Notes
Full Name
Mnemonic
GenICam
Release
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flatfield mode
ffm
OFF: No flatfield correction
ALL: Apply both FPN and PRNU correction
FPN: Apply FPN correction only
PRNU: Apply PRNU correction only
CAL: Put camera in calibration mode
flatfieldCorrectionMode
mode
6
Calibration mode available only if
 current set is not factory(fsc != F)
 width is greater than or equal to 2048
 the camera is internally triggered( stm = i)
flatfield set save
fss
flatfieldCalibrationSave
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Notes
Save the current flatfield calibration to non-volatile memory.
Only available when flat field mode is set to calibration ( i.e. ffm = CAL)
Full Name
Mnemonic
GenICam
Release
Notes
get camera model
gcm
DeviceM odelN ame
Teledyne DALSA
107
6
Returns a string containing the model name
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Full Name
Mnemonic
Release
Notes
Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
get camera parameters
gcp
6
Returns a snap shot of the camera‘s settings
e.g.
OK>gcp
*** Camera Settings ***
Manufacturer Name:Teledyne DALSA
Model Name:
FA_81_8M100_01
Family Name:
Falcon2
Sensor Type:
Bayer Color Filter Array
Device Version:
255.101.591
Manufacturer Info:
Serial Number:
C123456
User Defined Name:myCamera
Device Firmware
03-081-20261-06BETA
FPGA Info:
Rev:46(8-4-2013 16:47)
Calibration Date: 0
CPU Temp.:
39 [C]
Sensor Temp.:
45 [C]
Default Set:
User Set 1
Frame Rate:
NA [Hz]
Exposure Time:
NA [us]
Exposure Mode:
TriggerWidth
System Gain:
1.00
Red Gain:
1.00
Green Red Gain:
1.00
Blue Gain:
1.00
Green Blue Gain: 1.00
An. Coarse Gain: 2
Analog Offset:
0
Backgd Subtract: 0
Aspect Ratio:
4 to 3
Sensor Bit Depth: 8 [bpp]
Test Image:
FPN Diagonal Ramp
Test Static Value:0
CameraLink Taps: 10 [taps]
Serial Baud Rate: 460800
AOI(x,y,w,h):
(0, 0, 3328, 2502)
Trigger Mode:
External
Trigger Source:
CC1
Trigger Delay:
0 [us]
** General Purpose Input Settings **
Input Threshold: 2.4 [V]
Name
Debounce
Inverter
Line 1:
1
On
Line 2:
1
On
CC1:
1
On
CC2:
1
On
CC3:
1
On
CC4:
1
On
** General Purpose Output Settings **
Name
Line Source Inverter State
Line 3:
Off
On
1
Line 4:
Off
On
1
**
FF
FF
FF
State
1
1
0
0
0
0
Delay(us) Duration(us)
0
1000
0
1000
Sw.Latch Mode
Off
Off
Sw Line Val
Inactive
Inactive
Flatfield Settings **
Mode:
Calibration
Set:
Userset 1
Cur Gain Mode: High Gain
Pix.Rep.Mode:
Off
Pix.Rep.Threshold:127
Pix.Rep.Algor.:
Avg/Replace
OK>
Full Name
Mnemonic
Release
Notes
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put camera in genicam mode
gen
6
The camera returns an OK> prompt then switches into GenICam mode.
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Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
get values
get
Release
Notes
6
The command does not return the units(e.g. ssf returns 30 without the Hz)
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
get line status
gls
GenICam
LineSelector
LineStatus
Release
Notes
6
Returns 1 for high and 0 for low
Full Name
Mnemonic
Release
Notes
help
h
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
Notes
single command help
?
command
String containing a command with a value associated with it(e.g.
ssf, ffm, etc.)
L1: get status of general
L2: get status of general
CC1: get status of camera
CC2: get status of camera
CC3: get status of camera
CC4: get status of camera
L3: get status of general
L4: get status of general
line
purpose
purpose
control
control
control
control
purpose
purpose
input 1(line1)
input 2(line2)
line 1(CC1)
line 2(CC2)
line 3(CC3)
line 4(CC4)
output 1(line3)
output 2(line4)
6
Lists all of the camera‘s command. Commands that are not available due the camera‘s current
settings have the text Not Available after the d escrip tion.
command
A string containing the command for which help is requested.
This may supply more information than the h command
e.g.
OK>? usd
usd
default user
Arg 1:
N:Nothing
F:Factory
1:User Set
2:User Set
3:User Set
4:User Set
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
multiple aoi - mode
mam
GenICam
Release
Notes
multipleA OIM ode
Teledyne DALSA
mode
set
N|F|1|2|3|4
1
2
3
4
OFF:Single AOI
ON: Multiple AOI
6
Currently the only multiple AOI command.
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Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
GenICam
Release
Notes
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
GenICam
Release
Notes
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
GenICam
Release
Notes
Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
pixel replacement algorithm
pra
1:Average and Replace 2 adjacent pixels
algorithm
3:Average and Weighted Average 2 adjacent pixels
flatfieldCorrectionPixelReplacementA lgorithm
6
pixel replacement mode
prm
OFF:Don't replace
mode
ON: Replace
flatfieldCorrectionPixelReplacementM ode
6
Controls enabling/disabling static pixel replacement
pixel replacement threshold
prt
1~127 : the fpn value above which pixels are
threshold
marked as bad.
flatfieldCorrectionPixelReplacementThreshold
6
Changing this value will affect the flatfield statistics.
Full Name
Mnemonic
GenICam
Release
Notes
reset camera
rc
DeviceReset
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
GenICam
set analog course gain
sac
0,1,2,3 : gain index
Gain
GainSelector = AnalogAll
Gain
Release
Notes
6
Changing this value may require a recalibration of the camera‘s flat field values.
See processing chain for more information
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
GenICam
set analog offset
sao
Release
Notes
6
Applies the offset correction to all analog taps
See processing chain for more information
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6
After sending this command, you will need to put the camera back into three letter command
mode because the camera boots in GenICam mode at 9600 baud.
0~923: the dn to subtract from the cam
BlackLevelSelector = AnalogAll1
BlackLevel
offset
Teledyne DALSA
Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set aspect ratio
sar
GenICam
Release
Notes
sensorResolutionA spectRatio
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set baud rate
sbr
GenICam
Release
Notes
DeviceBaudRate
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set color gain
scg
GenICam
ratio
111
2:Aspect 4to3
3:Aspect 1to1
6
Does not apply to 12M models. They have only a 4 to 3 aspect ratio.
The camera stores separate AOIs for each aspect ratio.
Baud rate
9600
57600
115200
230400
460800
6
The camera will send an OK> prompt before switching the baud rate. Then the user will need to
change the baud rate on the host application before proceeding.
R|GR|GB|B
0.001~7.999
GainSelector = DigitalRed, DigitalBlue, DigitalGreenBlue, DigitalGreenRed
Gain
color
gain
Release
Notes
6
Gain is express as a mulitplcation factor in increments of 1/1024.
See processing chain for more information
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set line detection level
sdl
0:2.4V
threshold
1:6.0V
2:12.0V
lineDetectionLevel
GenICam
Release
Notes
6
Only applies to general purpose input.
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set exposure mode
sem
GenICam
Release
Notes
ExposureMode
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set exposure time
set
GenICam
Release
Notes
ExposureTime
Teledyne DALSA
Mode
w:Trigger Width
t:Timed
6
Not available when stm = i. It will be forced to timed.
time
20 - 4000000 [us] external trigger
20 – (1/ FrameRate-overhead ) [us] internal trigger
6
Exposure time may be adjusted when changing the framerate.
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
GenICam
set global FPN
sgf
Release
Notes
6
See processing chain for more information
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
GenICam
Release
Notes
set input pixel size
sip
bits per pixel
8-10
pixelSizeInput
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set input debouncing
sid
0~1023 [DN]
BlackLevelSelector=DigitalAll1
BlackLevel
offset
6
Color gain and factory ffc is dependant on this feature
inputLine
debounceTime
GenICam
LineSelector
lineDebouncingPeriod
Release
Notes
6
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set line inverter
sli
line
mode
L1: general purpose input 1
L2: general purpose input 2
CC1: cameralink control line
CC2: cameralink control line
CC3: cameralink control line
CC4: cameralink control line
0-255 [µs]
L1: general purpose input 1
L2: general purpose input 2
CC1: cameralink control line
CC2: cameralink control line
CC3: cameralink control line
CC4: cameralink control line
L3: general purpose output 1
L4: general purpose output 2
OFF
ON
GenICam
LineSelector
LineInverter
Release
Notes
6
See digitial I/O for more information
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set output pulse duration
sod
L3: general purpose output 1
line
L4: general purpose output 2
1~8388608 [µs]
duration
LineSelector
outputLinePulseDuration
GenICam
Release
Notes
03-032-20107-03
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
6
Determines the length of the pulse output on the given line when the specified signal occurs.
Teledyne DALSA
Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
GenICam
113
set output line source
sos
L3: general purpose output 1
line
L4: general purpose output 2
0:Start Internal ExSync
source
1:Start Exposure
2:End Exposure
3:Strt Readout
4:End Readout
5:End Internal EXSYNC
6:Start Line Active
7:GP Input 1
8:GP Input 2
9:CC1
10:CC2
11:CC3
12:CC4
13:End Line Active
30:Software Controlled
31:Off
LineSelector
outputLineSource
Release
Notes
6
Defines the internal signal to output on the specified general purpose output line.
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set output pulse delay
soy
L3: general purpose output 1
line
L4: general purpose output 2
1~8388608 [µs]
delay
LineSelector
outputLinePulseDelay
GenICam
Release
Notes
6
The amount of time(in milliseconds) to delay the output pulse, after detecting a signal.
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set pixel output format
spf
GenICam
Release
Notes
PixelFormat
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
GenICam
set background subtract
ssb
0 to 1023 [DN]
offset
BlackLevelSelector = DigitalAll2
BlackLevel
Release
Notes
6
See processing chain for more information
Teledyne DALSA
bitsPerPixel
8
10 (only available when using 8 camera link taps)
6
Sets the pixel size of the camera output
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set sync frequency
ssf
GenICam
Release
Notes
A cquisitionFrameRate
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
GenICam
set system gain
ssg
Release
Notes
6
Expressed as a multiplication factor
See processing chain for more information.
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set software latch
ssl
frequency
1 to max frame rate [Hz]
Max Frame rate determined by AOI, pixel size, number of camera
link taps etc.
6
Not available when the camera is externally triggered
gain
0.001~7.999 in increments of 1/1024
GainSelector=DigitalAll1
Gain
Line
Mode
L3: general purpose output 1
L4: general purpose output 2
On: software latch is on
Off: software latch is off
GenICam
LineSelector
outputLineSoftwareLatchControl
Release
Notes
6
See digital I/O for more information
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
GenICam
Release
Notes
set trigger delay
std
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set trigger mode
stm
GenICam
Release
Notes
TriggerMode
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set trigger source
sts
GenICam
Release
Notes
03-032-20107-03
Time
0~16777215 [us]
TriggerDelay
6
Mode
i:Internal
e:External
6
Source
L1: general purpose input 1
L2: general purpose input 2
CC1: cameralink control line
CC2: cameralink control line
CC3: cameralink control line
CC4: cameralink control line
S: Software
1
2
3
4
TriggerSource
6
Teledyne DALSA
Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
set video mode
Svm
GenICam
Release
Notes
testImageSelector
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
GenICam
Release
Notes
Test pattern value
Tpv
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
verify temperature
Vt
GenICam
D eviceTemperatureSelector
D eviceTemperature
Release
Notes
6
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
default user set
usd
GenICam
Release
Notes
UserSetDefaultSelector
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
load user set
usl
GenICam
UserSetSelector
UserSetLoad
Release
Notes
6
Teledyne DALSA
mode
115
0:Video
1:Grey Horizontal Ramp
2:Grey Vertical Ramp
3:Purity
6:Grey Diagonal Ramp
7:FPN Diagonal Ramp
8:PRNU
13:Sensor Static Pattern 1
15:Sensor Dynamic Pattern 1
17:Static Value
18:FPN Coefficients
6
Value
0~1023
testImageStaticV alue
6
Applies to PRNU(svm 8) and StaticValue(svm 17)
Sensor
set name
C:CPU Board
S:Sensor Board
N:
F:
1:
2:
3:
4:
Use default settings
Factory Set
User Set 1
User Set 2
User Set 3
User Set 4
6
Specifies the set to load upon startup.
set name
F:
1:
2:
3:
4:
Factory Set
User Set 1
User Set 2
User Set 3
User Set 4
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Full Name
Mnemonic
Argument(s)
Save user set
uss
GenICam
UserSetSelector
UserSetSave
Release
Notes
6
03-032-20107-03
set name
1:
2:
3:
4:
User
User
User
User
Set
Set
Set
Set
1
2
3
4
Teledyne DALSA
Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
117
EMC Declaration of Conformity
We,
Teledyne D ALSA
605 McMurray Rd.,
Waterloo, ON
CAN AD A N 2V 2E9
d eclare u nd er sole resp onsibility, that the p rod u ct(s):
FA-80-12M1H-XX-R
FA-81-12M1H-XX-R
FA-80-8M100-XX-R
FA-81-8M100-XX-R
FA-80-4M180-XX-R
FA-81-4M180-XX-R
fu lfill(s) the requ irem ents of the stand ard (s)
Rad iated em issions requ irem ents:
EN 55022 (2006)
EN 55011 (2009)
ICES-003
CISPR 22 (1993)
CISPR 11
FCC Part 15
Im m u nity to d istu rbances:
EN 55024 (1998)
EN 61326-1 (2006)
Place of Issu e
Date of Issu e
N am e and Signatu re of
au thorized p erson
Teledyne DALSA
Waterloo, ON , CAN ADA
Ju ne 1, 2011
Hank Helmond
Quality Manager, Teledyne D ALSA Corp.
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Revision History
Revision
Change Description
Date
00
01
Initial (Prelim inary) release
Extensive revisions m ad e throughout the m anual in preparation for cam era prod uction
and general release.
-Ad d itional com m and s ad d ed .
-Color d escription and supporting technical content ad d ed .
-Extensive revisions m ad e throughout the Cam era Operation section to ad d d etail .
-Pow er pinout illustration revised . Reversed pinout show n in rev 01.
-Sensor block d iagram and pixel read out d iagram revised so that row 1 now show n in
the correct configuration of green, blue, green, blue...
-QE graph ad d ed.
-EMC Com pliance test results ad d ed .
Ad d ed three letter com m and s and ad d ed new features for version 6 of the m icrocod e :
-Gain Selector com m and : AnalogAllRaw 1 and AnalogAllRaw 2 values ad d ed .
-sensorFirstFram eClearMod e com m and ad d ed .
-sensorPRPtim e com m and ad d ed .
-flatfield CorrectionPixelReplacem entAlgorithm (s) revised .
-flatfield CalibrationPixelReplacem entGainThreshold revised .
-flatfield CalibrationUncorrectableH otPixels com m and ad d ed .
-flatfield CalibrationDead PixelsReplaced com m and ad d ed .
-flatfield CalibrationUncorrectableDead Pixels com m and ad d ed .
-flatfield CalibrationDead PixelsReplaced com m and rem oved .
-flatfield CalculatePixelStatistics com m and ad d ed .
-Description of test patterns revised .
11-N ov-11
03-Feb-12
02
03
03-032-20107-03
17-Apr-13
02-Aug-13
Teledyne DALSA
Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
119
Index
fram e rate
set, 40
fram e rates, 9
A
antibloom ing, 8
B
G
ground ing instructions, 18
GUI
overview, 21
block d iagram
sensor, 15
I
C
Cam era Link
cables, 93
input signals, 20
outputs, 20, 93
Cam era Link connector, 93
certifications, 9
cleaning
sensor window, 100
clock signals, 93
com pliance, 9
connectors, 18
Camera Link, 93
location, 18
power, 19
cosm etic specifications, 14
I/ O
control, 41
im age acquisition, 37
Input / Outp ut
control, 41
input/ outp ut, 18
interface
mechanical, 8
L
LED
definitions, 20
line rate, 40
M
D
m echanical
camera, 16
specifications, 8
m od els, 7
d ata bus, 20, 93
DC offset, 8
E
EMC Declaration of
Conform ity, 118
exposure
control, 37
external frame rate,
programmable exposure time,
39
externally controlled, 38
internally controlled, 37
exposure m od es
descriptions of, 37
exposure tim e
set, 39
F
O
operating
ranges, 8, 9
optocouplers, 49
P
perform ance specifications, 8
pixel read out, 15
pow er
connector, 19
connectors, 19
guidelines, 19
precautions, 5
factory settings, 26
Teledyne DALSA
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Falcon2 4M, 8M, and 12M Camera User's Manual
Q
settings
factory, 26
setup
overview, 17
softw are
required, 7
specifications
mechanical, 8
operating, 8, 9
performance, 8
quantum efficiency
graph, 13
R
rand om noise, 8
requirem ents
PC, 17
responsivity, 8
graph, 11
revision history, 119
T
trigger m od es, 48
S
safety, 5
03-032-20107-03
Teledyne DALSA