Reason for invalidation rule Lenz
Nasko Elektronov www.sirkov.com
According to the law of electromagnetic induction change of magnetic flux inside the
conductive circuit excites electric power even in the absence of a power source.
Аccording to Lenz's rule induced current flows in one direction which creates a magnetic
field reduces the effect of causing him change. In other words, with increasing magnetic
induction to bring the north pole to the electric circuit it occurs north magnetic pole,
which stops the growth of magnetic induction. When removing the north magnetic pole
by the current loop it occurs south pole, which compensates for the reduction of
magnetic flux in the circuit. A similar result is obtained with the action the south pole, but
respectively, occur south and north poles respectively in the circuit.
Let's see if this is fact and what processes take place?!
Get the right length of copper wire 1 meter, 1 mm2 cross section and the two ends
connect millivolt meter. By moving a powerful neodymium magnet with magnetic
induction B ~ 1 T, with speed V increasing or decreasing flux (in this case only the
magnetic induction) in it. Ascertain current arising under the law of Faraday with
directions under Rule 2, Rule 3 and Rule 4 in the "Interaction between magnet and
conductor" of www.sirkov.com and Fig.17A.
Fig.17а
From the figure shows that the current direction with increasing magnetic flux density is
determined by the left hand rule (Rule 2), while reducing the magnetic flux density with
the right hand rule (Rule 3). By increasing or decreasing the magnetic induction with
equal R and L MFL current does not occur (Rule 4).
Let now the same rules do flat wire coil stationary. Let us move to a neodymium magnet
at V coil to increase the magnetic flux (in this case only the magnetic induction) under
Fig.17b - A1, B3, C5, and D7.
By increasing the magnetic flux density according to Fig.17b-A1 coil electromotive
voltage occurs Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction with a plus sign at the
beginning of the coil and a minus sign at the end of the coil. This electromotive voltage is
a source of tension to the point where V becomes zero. These establish a millivolt
meter. In contrast, when the conductor was right (fig. 17) here we find a large value of
electromotive voltage. In this case, the straight wire, shaped like an electric circuit or coil
behaves as an amplifier of electromotive voltage. This is because a much larger part of
the wire is crossed by MFL of the magnet. Compared to a perpendicular to the drawing
plane through the polar axis of the magnet coil and the center left side of the coil is
traversed only by R MFL and the right only by L MFL. This, according to Rule 2 creates
two currents in opposite directions, which together form a circular current, directed
counterclockwise. In other words, if you close both ends of the coil with external
consumer or connect them briefly, then through the coil current will flow from outside to
inside, ie anticlockwise. Current in the coil caused by the magnet R MFL, in turn, the law
of Bio Savar form magnetic field, consisting of L MFL. Current in the coil caused by L
MFL magnet in turn forms a magnetic field consisting of R MFL. To establish clearly
what is occurring in pole winding, the increased magnetic force emerging, but instead to
generate electricity by Faraday's law of battery in the same direction current run about 6
A in it. Noted that the coil is repelled by the force F from the north pole of the
neodymium magnet. This means that with increasing magnetic induction of the North
Pole to R side of the coil winding occurs in the northern magnetic pole. As seen from
Fig.17b-A2, if we do we bend the wire as an electric circuit for visual monitoring of its
processes, the aggregate current flowing through the amperemeter is I Σ = IR + IL.
Of the case shows that the circular current is the result of summation of two currents
generated in the coil or loop of the simultaneous action of opposing MFL. In this case,
the resulting magnetic north pole is a result rather than a reason for reducing the
increasing external magnetic field as explained in Lenz's rule. This is very visible from
Fig.17b-B3, B4. This increase in magnetic flux (in this case the magnetic induction) in
coil or in the loop is only R MFL. Compared to a perpendicular to the drawing plane
passing through the center of the magnet coil and the center left side of the coil and its
right part intersect only of R MFL. This leads to the emergence of two unidirectional
currents that cancel each other out and to the ends of the coil or loop current aggregate
I Σ = IR-IR = 0. If the center of the current loop bind external circuits as shown in Fig.
17b-B4, with amperemeters it can measure currents occurred unidirectional - from
downtown to the contour edges. To establish clearly what happens with by secondary
magnetic field coil, increased emerging magnetic force, rather than generate electricity
Faraday's law, the two batteries on these lines run about 6 A currents in the circuit.
Noted that the contour is attracted by a force F of neodymium magnets. This explains a
mutual attraction of the MFL-way, pursuant to Rule 1 of the "Magnets and magnetic
dipole field" on my site www.sirkov.com . In this case, Lenz's rule is inapplicable. As we
increase the magnetic induction in integral area of the loop current in the direction of
attached single vector n to the contour does not create reactive magnetic field, quite the
opposite! Similar results are obtained in the case of Fig.17b-C5, C6 and Fig.17.b-D7,
D8, only it must be recognized that increasing the magnetic flux becomes a south pole
at C5, C6, and accordingly only L MFL at D7, D8.
These findings contradict the Lenz rule for determining the direction of electromotive
voltage and therefore Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction minus sign on the right
side of the equation has no place.
Value of electromotive voltage E is given by the expression:
E = d Φ / dt = Nd (BA) / dt (1),
where
Φ is the magnetic flux, N is the number of cells, B-magnetic induction, and A the
effective area of the current loop, ie part of the area perpendicular to the magnetic
induction.
Fig. 17b
On Fig.18 shows the experiment Lenz, for proof of his rule.
As proposed by Lenz staging aluminum bar with two identical rings - thick ring 1 and cut
ring 2 - are balanced on the blade. In an attempt to bring the permanent magnet in the
dense ring, the ring is repels and tape rotation. However, if the magnet is in the ring and
attempt to removed, the ring is attracted to him. The explanation of Lenz is as follows:-In
movement magnets in the ring current is induced. Such a circular current is magnetic
dipole. Permanent magnets and magnetic dipole can be considered as two
magnets. Repulsion when approaching the ring of magnets shows that in this case
magnets are pointing at each other with the same names poles. Therefore, when the
ring is increasing with time in an external magnetic field produced by current induced in
it is against external and seeks to offset an increase.
Attracting ring magnets to move away when he implies that induction of both lines
Fig.18
magnetic fields are unidirectional. This means that if the ring is located in a declining
time magnetic field, its own magnetic field induced current in it seeks to
compensate for this loss. Using a powerful neodymium magnet I repeated the
experience Lenz - with paramagnetic aluminum and diamagnetic - copper rings and
found the following: In an attempt to make permanent magnets, in any ring (copper,
aluminum) ring is repelled and tape rotation. However, if the magnet is in the ring
and attempt to remove, the ring is attracted to him. The ratio between the diameter of
the magnet f and the diameter of rings φ may be less or greater than one. When the
experience of Lenz f / φ <1, iemagnet safely enter the ring, then the center of the ring
magnetic induction is the most large. United magnetic spin-orbital moments are oriented
in the direction of the strongest part of the magnetic field as the compass, ie its southern
part is directed towards the north pole of the magnet at an angle to the magnetic
induction. This creates a torque axis of the whole system and the system rejects of the
magnet. The reason is simple. All spin-orbital magnetic moments of the substance are
rotated to entering the center north pole. This inner
redistribution leads to external mechanical reaction of the substance as it rotates in the
opposite direction. When changing the direction of magnetic flux - as removing the
magnet, the magnetic spin-orbital moments of substance changed direction and
therefore the external effect is the opposite. The substance is attracted to
magnets. In confirmation of the latest allegations will consider the following experiment: Let me in one end of the torsion wire hook a single-dimensional wire
coil with an internal diameter larger than the diameter of the magnet on which both its
ends electrically free or assembled in short (or rather put coil aluminum or copper ringclosed or suspended), as shown in Fig.19A1.
When increasing the magnetic flux as the magnet is inserted in them, there is
no repulsion of magnets, and striving to turn to when winding or
ring stand parallel to the polar axis of the magnet-Fig.19A2.
When reduced magnetic flux as the magnet is removed from them,
there is preservation of received orientation and aspirations of pursuing a
magnet.Obviously that is not proceeding no electricity, which creates a magnetic
field! This result transferred to experience Lenz's conflicts with its explanation of the
generated electricity, which creates a magnetic field, which in turn causes repulsion of
the aluminum ring.
Suspended coil or ring always position themselves so as to have minimum possible area
to place with the greatest induction of magnetic field influence. Of Fig.19 in case A the
largest magnetic induction in the pole. In case B the largest magnetic
induction is in semi-space saturated by R MFL, while in case C the largest
magnetic induction in the semi-space saturated with L MFL.
When the experience of Lenz ratio between the diameter of the magnet and the
diameter of rings f / φ> 1, and it closed and interrupted rings of magnets repel at time
when we stop moving the magnet, ie do not change the magnetic induction rings are
attracted to magnets. In this case the spin-orbital magnetic moments are oriented in the
field and begin mutual attraction between the substance and the magnet. In reducing the
magnetic flux density as rings away poslednite follow the direction of the magnet.
If the thread hang a long solenoid (coil trimmer), irrespective of whether the ends of the
solenoid are free or are related to short-circuit between each of to form an electric circuit
solenoid stands so as to have a minimum area possible to place the highest induction of
magnetic field influence.
If the thread hang thick aluminum or copper disk or whatever it is aluminum or copper
piece of metal, they themselves so as to have a minimal chance
area to place the highest induction of magnetic field influence.
The resultant configuration magnet coil (ring) shown in Fig.19-A2, B2, C2 e sustainable
in the absence of other external forces and is maintained over time. This shows once
again that the reason for its creation are currents generated by the law of Faraday
to electromagnetic induction and thus a magnetic field generated by the law of BioSavar-Laplace (currents exist only for the duration of climate
flux), only turning to the largest induction in the field of spinorbital magnetic moments of charge carriers in a substance-electrons.
We will discuss one very popular example demonstrating the law of
Lenz described by Richard Faymann [2]. If you have a solenoid with a ferrite core
and put aluminum ring so that the ferrite to enter the ring, then the trigger current
in high amperage solenoid ring flew out of solenoid. The conclusion of
Faymann is that N poles of the solenoid creates a circular current in the ring, which in
turn creates N pole of the ring-side solenoid and the same names as the poles
repel it brilliantly confirmed the rule of Lenz. If this is true, in
placing the current ring must leave solenoid in the direction of its polar
axis. Let us realize this modified experiment described by Faymann - Fig.20. Take the
same core and solenoid with the same ring to it but
irremovable thin plastic thread on which hang it freely and then
this thread on Ferrite ring. Solenoid put horizontally and run current. If Lenz's law does,
it will ring shot like a pendulum to its upper position along the polar
axis. Watch However, twisting the plastic thread, caused by rotation of the ring, which
brings us back to reason for rejection of the aluminum ring, described above in Fig.18
and Fig.19.
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