Forms of Energy
AZ State Standards
• Concept 3: Conservation of Energy and Increase in
Disorder
• Understand ways that energy is conserved, stored, and
transferred.
• PO 1. Describe the following ways in which energy is
stored in a system:
• Mechanical, electrical, chemical, nuclear
•
• PO 2. Describe various ways in which energy is
transferred from one system to another (e.g., mechanical
contact, thermal conduction, electromagnetic radiation.)
Content Objectives
• SWBAT differentiate between the different
forms of energy by listing them and
explaining how energy is stored or
transmitted.
Energy is Measured in Joules
• It takes 4.18 Joules to heat 1 gram of
water by 1°C.
• Power is the measurement of energy per
second. It is measured in watts.
• 1 watt = 1 joule per second
Three Ways Energy Can Be Transferred
Conduction
• Direct transfer as molecules strike each other
Convection
• Movement of hot molecules by differential
densities.
• Only occurs in fluids (liquids and gases).
Radiation
• Energy released as electromagnetic
radiation based on its temperature
Kinetic vs Potential Energy
• What’s the difference? Ask your partner…
• Kinetic energy is the energy of motion
based on its speed and mass.
• Potential energy is the stored energy
available if it is allowed to begin motion.
Kinetic Energy
• Radiant Energy: electromagnetic energy that
travels in transverse waves.
Forms of Electromagnetic Radiation
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Radiowaves
Microwaves
Infrared
Visible Light
Ultraviolet
X-rays
Gamma rays
(very long wavelength (λ), low energy)
(long λ, low-medium energy)
(medium λ, medium energy)
(medium-small λ, medium energy)
(small λ, medium-high energy)
(small λ, high energy)
(very small λ, very high energy)
Black Box Radiation
• All matter in the universe releases energy.
• The type of energy is based on its
temperature.
• Cold things only release low energy
radiation like radiowaves.
• Hot things release infrared or even go to
visible light if hot enough.
Infrared Imaging
• Warmer things release
more infrared radiation
than cooler objects.
Kinetic Energy
Thermal Energy, or heat, is the internal energy
in substances - the vibration and movement of
the atoms and molecules within substances.
Geothermal energy is an example.
Kinetic Energy
Electrical Energy is the movement of electrical charges.
Applying a force or energy source to an atom can make
some of the electrons move. Electrical charges moving
through a wire is called electricity. Lightning is another
example of electrical energy.
Kinetic Energy
Motion Energy is the movement of objects and substances from
one place to another. Objects and substances move when a force
is applied according to Newton’s Laws of Motion. Wind is an
example of motion energy.
Kinetic Energy
Sound is the movement of energy through substances in
longitudinal (compression/rarefaction) waves. Sound is produced
when a force causes an object or substance to vibrate––the
energy is transferred through the substance in a wave.
Potential Energy
Stored Mechanical Energy is energy stored in objects by the
application of a force. Compressed springs and stretched rubber
bands are examples of stored mechanical energy.
Potential Energy
Chemical Energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms and
molecules. It is the energy that holds these particles together.
Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and propane are examples of
stored chemical energy.
Potential Energy
• Nuclear Energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an atom–
–the energy that holds the nucleus together. The energy
can be released when the nuclei are combined or split
apart. Nuclear power plants split the nuclei of uranium
atoms in a process called fission. The sun combines the
nuclei of hydrogen atoms in a process called fusion.
Potential Energy
Gravitational Energy is the energy of position or place. A rock
resting at the top of a hill contains gravitational potential energy.
Hydropower, such as water in a reservoir behind a dam, is an of
example gravitational potential energy.
Potential Energy
Magnetism is the attraction of atoms of opposite polarity.
Two magnets will attract each other or repel each other and
this energy can be stored by securing them slights apart
from each other.
Kinetic energy is motion––of waves, electrons, atoms,
molecules, substances, and objects.
Radiant Energy is electromagnetic energy that travels in
transverse waves. Radiant energy includes visible light, xrays, gamma rays and radio waves. Light is one type of
radiant energy. Solar energy is an example of radiant
energy.
Thermal Energy, or heat, is the internal energy in
substances––the vibration and movement of the atoms
and molecules within substances. Geothermal energy is an
example of thermal energy.
Electrical Energy is the movement of electrical charges.
Applying a force or energy source to an atom can make
some of the electrons move. Electrical charges moving
through a wire is called electricity. Lightning is another
example of electrical energy.
Motion Energy is the movement of objects and
substances from one place to another. Objects and
substances move when a force is applied according to
Newton’s Laws of Motion. Wind is an example of motion
energy.
Sound is the movement of energy through substances in
longitudinal (compression/rarefaction) waves. Sound is
produced when a force causes an object or substance to
vibrate––the energy is transferred through the substance
in a wave.
Potential energy is stored energy and the energy of position–
–gravitational energy. There are several forms of potential
energy.
Chemical Energy is energy stored in the bonds of atoms
and molecules. It is the energy that holds these particles
together. Biomass, petroleum, natural gas, and propane
are examples of stored chemical energy.
Stored Mechanical Energy is energy stored in objects by
the application of a force. Compressed springs and
stretched rubber bands are examples of stored
mechanical energy.
Nuclear Energy is energy stored in the nucleus of an
atom––the energy that holds the nucleus together. The
energy can be released when the nuclei are combined or
split apart. Nuclear power plants split the nuclei of
uranium atoms in a process called fission. The sun
combines the nuclei of hydrogen atoms in a process
called fusion.
Gravitational Energy is the energy of position or place. A
rock resting at the top of a hill contains gravitational
potential energy. Hydropower, such as water in a
reservoir behind a dam, is an of example gravitational
potential energy.
Magnetism is the attraction of atoms of opposite
polarity. Two magnets will attract each other or repel
each other and this energy can be stored by securing
them slights apart from each other.
Content Objectives
• SWBAT differentiate between the different
forms of energy by listing them and
explaining how energy is stored or
transmitted.