ELECTRICITY
ELECTRICITY
a flow of electrons, the movement of particles
around an atom that creates pure energy
A. Electric Current
 Flow of electricity along a conductor
B. Conductor
 Any substance, material, or medium that
conducts electricity. Eg: copper, aluminum,
iron, ..
C. Insulator (Nonconductor)
 Rubber, wood, glass, cement, ….
D. Complete Circuit
 The path of an electric current from the
generating source through conductors back
to its original source
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TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
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TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Direct Current (DC)
 Constant, even-flowing current,
traveling in one direction
Electrical Measurements
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Alternating Current (AC)
 Rapid, interrupted current flowing in one direction
then in the opposite direction
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Volt (V)
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Ampere (A) or (AMP)
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Milliampere (mA)
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Ohm (Ω)
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Watt (W)
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Kilowatt (KW)
AC/DC flowchart
Converters
 Voltage converter: change the level of voltage
 Current converter: change the level of current
Inverters
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Ohm's law
V=IxR
Used to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC)
Rectifiers
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Used to change alternating current (AC) into direct current (DC)
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TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Hints for the Safe Use of Electricity
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Safety Devices
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Fuse
Circuit breaker
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Electrical Equipment Safety
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Inspect regularly.
Never overload circuits.
Check for UL (Underwriter’s Laboratory) approval.
Ensure that appliances are grounded.
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Ensure UL certification.
Study instructions on use of equipment.
Disconnect appliances when not in use.
Inspect all electrical equipment regularly.
Keep wires, plugs, and equipment in good repair.
Use one plug per outlet.
Avoid contact with water or metal when using electricity.
Do not leave the room when client is connected to any
electrical device.
Keep cords off floor to avoid tripping.
Do not attempt to clean around electric outlets while
equipment is plugged in.
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ELECTROTHERAPY
TYPES OF ELECTRIC CURRENT
Hints for the Safe Use of Electricity
Polarity Test #1
 Do not touch two metallic objects at the same
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time if either is connected to current.
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Do not step on or set objects on electrical cords.
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Do not allow cords to become twisted or bent.
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Disconnect appliances by pulling plug, not cord.
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Do not attempt to repair electrical appliances
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Polarity Test #2
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unless you are qualified.
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Separate tips and immerse in salt water.
Turn the selector switch to galvanic current.
As water is decomposed, more active bubbles will
accumulate at negative pole.
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Never tamper with wiring or plugs to get them to
Place tips of two conducting cords on two separate
pieces of blue moistened litmus paper.
Paper under positive pole will turn red.
Paper under negative pole will remain blue.
fit into a receptacle they were not designed for. 7
ELECTROTHERAPY
ELECTROTHERAPY
Galvanic Current
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Facial stimulator
Modalities
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Currents: galvanic, micro, Tesla high-frequency
Electrode
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CATAPHORESIS +
Positive Pole Results
Apparatus that conducts electric current from a
machine to the client’s skin
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Polarity
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a constant, DC current
has anode (+) and cathode (-)
 produces chemical changes when
it passes through the tissues and
fluids of the body
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Wall Plate
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Positive or negative state of electric current
Anode: P positive - RED
Cathode: N negative - BLACK
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ELECTROTHERAPY
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Produces acidic reactions
Closes pores
Soothes nerves
Decreases blood supply
Contracts blood vessels
Hardens or firms tissues
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ANAPHORESIS Negative Pole Results
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Produces alkaline reactions
Opens pores
Stimulates and irritates nerves
Increases blood supply to skin
Expands blood vessels
Softens tissues
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ELECTROTHERAPY
Iontophoresis
Process of introducing water-soluble products
Faradic Current Benefits
CAUTIONS
Improves muscle tone
Promotes waste product removal Do not use if it causes
pain or discomfort.
 Increases blood circulation
 Do not use if face is
 Relieves congested blood
very florid.
 Increases glandular activity
 Do not use if client
has gold-filled
 Stimulates hair growth
teeth, high blood
 Increases metabolism
pressure, or
Sinusoidal Current Benefits
pustular condition
of skin.
 Supplies greater stimulation; less
irritating than faradic
 Soothes nerves, penetrates muscle
tissue
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 Best suited for nervous clients
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into the skin with the use of electric current.
Eg. microcurrent
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Desincrustation
a form of anaphoresis and is a process used to
soften and emulsify grease deposits (oil) and
blackheads in the hair follicles. Desincrustation is
frequently used to treat acne, milia and
comedones
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ELECTROTHERAPY
ELECTROTHERAPY
Microcurrent can be used for iontophoresis, firming,
toning, and soothing skin, heal inflamed tissue, such as acne.
Has negative and positive polarity in one probe
 does not travel throughout the entire body; it serves only the
specific area being treated.
• Improves blood and lymph circulation
• Produces acidic and alkaline reactions
• Opens and closes hair follicles and pores
• Increases muscle tone
• Restores elasticity
• Reduces redness and inflammation
• Minimizes healing time for acne lesions
• Improves the natural protective barrier of the skin
• Increases metabolism
Give skin a softer, firmer, more hydrated appearance.
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Tesla High-Frequency Current (violet ray)
OTHER ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT
LIGHT THERAPY
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A. Conventional Hood Dryer
 For drying hair
B. Electric Curling Irons
 For curling hair
C. Heating Caps
 For scalp treatments
D. Processing or Accelerating Machine
 Accelerates hair services
E. Steamer or Vaporizer
 For facials
F. Vibrator
 For massage
G. Blow Dryer
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Has high rate of oscillation or vibration
Used for scalp and facial treatments
Used to treat thinning hair, itchy scalp, and
excessively oily or dry skin
Benefits of Tesla Current
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Stimulates circulation of blood
Increases glandular activity
Aids in elimination and absorption
Increases metabolism
Improved germicidal action
Relieves congestion
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Therapeutic Lamps
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produce same rays as the sun.
produce thermal, mechanical, and chemical effects.
Ultraviolet Rays (UV)
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Short wavelengths
Least penetrating rays
Chemical effects
Benefits of Ultraviolet Rays
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Kill germs
Produce vitamin D on skin
Treat psoriasis
Treat acne
Stimulate production of melanin
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LIGHT THERAPY
Disadvantages of Ultraviolet Rays
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May cause sunburn
May cause skin cancer
Application of Ultraviolet Rays
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Lamp should be 30 inches to 36 inches from skin.
Exposure should last only 2 to 3 minutes
Exposure can be increased gradually to 7 to 8 minutes.
Infrared Rays
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60% of natural light
Penetrate the deepest
Produce the most heat
Have long wavelengths
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LIGHT THERAPY: phototherapy
I.
Visible Light Rays:
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Infrared LED Light invisible, penetrates deeper, combats the signs of aging,
replenishes dermal and epidermal cells, and speeds up the healing process.
Red LED Light has the ability to reach down into all the layers of the skin where it
rejuvenates, stimulates collagen production, prompts cellular repair, and increases
circulation promoting a more vibrant and youthful complexion. Red and infrared LED
lights work synergistically to deliver optimal skin rejuvenation. This combination of LED
lights is ideal for deeper lines and wrinkles, scarring, and promoting a more even skin
tone.
Orange LED Light revitalize the skin. It has been shown to bring vitality to dull and
lifeless complexions. Orange light is good for bringing a glow to the skin for special
occasions.
Yellow LED Light reduces the appearance of redness, swelling, and inflammation.
This color of light is beneficial for rosacea and treating burns such as sunburns.
Green LED Light is absorbed into the skin where it has a calming effect. It helps to
lighten hyper-pigmentation spots revealing a brighter complexion. The calming effect
also has anti-inflammatory properties that soothe the surface of the skin.
Blue LED Light anti-bacterial, kill the acne causing bacteria, P. acnes. It prevents and
treats mild to moderate acne. Blue light also helps to purify the skin, stabilize oil glands,
and sooth inflammation.
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