LIGHTING UPDATE:
Best Practices to Reduce Operating and
Maintenance Costs
A Presentation by Effective Lighting Solutions
for
Northern Indiana Public Service Company
(NIPSCO)
Energy Symposium
October 10, 2012
Copyright© 2012 by Effective Lighting Solutions
Presented by
John L. Fetters, CEM, CLEP, CEA
dba Effective Lighting Solutions
NOW IS THE TIME TO DO
FLUORESCENT & HID UPGRADES
•  Incentives (rebates) good now
–  Won’t be around forever
•  Commercial Tax Deduction
–  Provision of EPAct ’05
–  Provides tax deduction up to the entire cost of
energy-efficient interior lighting
–  Achievable using commercially available lighting
technologies and good lighting practice
–  Deadline is Dec 31, 2013
LONG LIFE SB CFL’s
•  Uses electronic chip control
•  Programmed-start ballast
•  Fast run-up time
–  15-20 seconds
–  100% improvement over standard SB
•  20,000 average rated life
•  TCP “TruStart”
Source: What’s New in Lamps & Ballasts – 2011 LFI HIGH PERFORMANCE T8 SYSTEMS
“Super T8”
•  Highest Efficiency of any fluorescent system
–  Higher than RW T8
–  Higher than T5 or T5HO
•  Combination:
–  high-lumen, extended life lamps
–  reduced wattage electronic ballast (low ballast factor ~ 0.71 – 0.78)
•  15-20% more efficient than standard T8 systems
–  Savings up to 40% when replacing 34-w T12 systems
•  Identification:
–  lamps with initial lumen ratings starting at 3100 lumens
•  Lamp manufacturers:
–  Philips – “Advantage”
–  GE – “HL”
–  Sylvania – “Xtreme”
•  Long life: 42,000 hrs
Ballast manufacturers:
-- Philips (Advance) – “Optanium”
-- GE – “Ultramax”
-- Sylvania – “Xtreme”
-- Universal – “HE”
www.ligh'ngwizards.com •
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4-ft REDUCED-WATTAGE T8
FLUORESCENT LAMPS
23-watts
25 watts
28 watts
SS, EW WM – lower lumen output
–  Problems at temperature < 60F
Lumen maint = 94%
Shorter lamp life than high performance
full 32-watt models
Some models can now be dimmed
Some utility programs don’t provide
incentives
Long term savings not permanent (snapback)
–  Facility personnel can replace with lower
cost basic grade 32- watt lamps
•  ES lamps cost more
www.lightingwizards.com
www.lightingwizards.com
MARKET-READY
Solid-State Lighting
(LED) SOLUTIONS
DIRECTIONAL LED LAMPS
•  Replaces incandescent, halogen, HIR
–  R20, PAR20, R30, PAR30, PAR38
•  7-, 11-, 15-, 20-watt
•  Most models dimmable to 20% or 10%
–  A few to 1% or less
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20,000 – 50,000 hrs L70
2700K, 3000K, 4000K
Up to 80 LPW
Up to 92 CRI
Many beam widths
Source: What’s New in Lamps & Ballasts – 2011 LFI LED LAMPS & DIMMING
•  Light output proportional to power
•  Some LED lamps require ELV
dimmers (Electronic Low-Voltage)
•  Dimming extends LED life
–  LEDs run cooler
•  Some compatibility issues
–  Investigate for your applications
•  Dimming standard
–  The Effects of Dimming on Color and Efficacy of LED Lamps
–  NEMA SSL6
http://www.nema.org/stds/LSD-60.cfm
Source: What’s New in Lamps & Ballasts – 2011 LFI LED HIGH BAY (HB) FIXTURES
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Engineered for HB environment
One-for-one replacement for HID or HB fluorescent
Ideal for manufacturing, warehousing, cold storage
For mounting heights from 15-ft (low-bay) to 40-ft (high-bay)
MIRO-SILVER® die-formed reflectors
–  97% reflective
–  4 beam-widths
•  Rated for ambient temperatures from
-13F (-25C) to +131F (55C)
–  Heat management very important
•  By conduction & convection
•  Factory-installed optional controls
–  Occupancy sensors
–  Photocells
•  SPB in 2 to 4 years
Ex: Holophane HLH Series
www.holophane.com
LED HIGH BAY (HB) FIXTURES
•  Dialight DuroSite®
•  10 wattage models
–  124 to 172-w (69 to 101 LPW)
•  8,500 to 17,500 Lumens
•  Temperature compensation
technology for long life
–  L70 rated for > 100,000 hrs @
25C (77F) ambient
–  Ambient temp range = -40F to
+149F
•  5 year full performance
warranty
•  Occupancy sensor or
dimming controls options
–  Variable (0-10 vdc) or stepdimming options
low maintenance further reduces O&M$ LED INDUSTRIAL FIXTURES
•  Dialight DuroSite® Linear
Fixtures
•  2-ft model 50-w; 3,500 lumens
•  4-ft model 100-w; 7,000 lumens
–  70 LPW
•  L70 = 100,000 hrs
•  Polycarbonate lens
•  Sealed housing
–  Use indoors or outdoors
low maintenance further reduces O&M$ WALL SCONCES
(a.k.a. Wall Packs)
PERFORMANCE CHOICES
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Choice of 28 LED or 48 LED
3 Distributions
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2 Drive Currents
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Forward Throw (FT)
Wide Throw (WT)
Wall Wash (WW)
350 ma
450 ma
Integral Motion Sensor
Option (microwave)
Two Color Temps
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4300K Neutral White
5300K Cool White
Source: www.LSI.com NOT RECOMMENDED LED T8
•  Designed to directly replace 4-ft linear fluorescent T8 lamps
–  17-w to 22-w
•  Most require disconnecting ballast & applying line voltage to sockets
•  Critical Issues: Can void fixture UL fixture listing – 120/277-v on sockets
•  Shunted sockets (IS)
–  Tubes advertised as “UL Approved” or “UL Certified”
•  Check UL website for “file” (www.UL.com) (Many do not have “e-file”)
–  Cost $40 - $120 ea - may not be cost-effective
–  Lumen output ~ ½ of T8 lumens (directionality helps, but affects uniformity)
•  1340L to 1650L vs 2225L (25-w T8) to 3150L (32-w “Super” T8)
–  May be too heavy for sockets per Leviton (white paper)
•  LED fixtures may be more effective & cost-effective
http://apps1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/publications/pdfs/ssl/gateway_t8_replacement-lamps.pdf
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/buildings/ssl/gatewaydemos_results.html
LED T8 in Strip Light Application
DUAL-TECHNOLOGY SENSORS
•  Uses two technologies
–  Usually PIR & Ultrasonic
•  Can be set to operate:
–  Either technology sensing turns
on lights
–  Both technologies must sense
vacancy to turn off lights
–  Only one technology needed to
keep lights on
•  More effective than single
technology sensors
–  Prevents “false offs”
VACANCY SENSORS
•  Like an occupancy sensor operated in “manual
on” “auto-off” mode
•  Saves more energy than occupancy sensors
–  Many situations where there is brief occupancy don’t
need lights on
•  Janitor visits to dump waste basket
•  Colleague visits to deliver papers
•  Required by California Title 24
WIRELESS OCCUPANCY SENSORS
•  Ceiling mounted PIR occupancy
sensors that communicate with
wall-box unit (or wireless
relays) using RF
•  Requires NO hard-wired
electricity
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Ideal for retrofit applications
•  Lutron uses long-life battery
•  Ideal for dimming applications
•  Leviton uses no battery
•  PV cells in sensor charges
capacitor
LOW-POWER WIRELESS RELAYS
•  Relays have RF receivers
onboard
•  Allows creation of independent
lighting zones/sub-zones in a
wireless network
•  Precise control of individual
fixtures
•  Simultaneous control of
multiple fixtures
Source: www.leviton.com
Upgrading Standard Metal Halide
Fixtures with Pulse-Start or All-Start
•  When desire to keep metal
halide
•  400-w upgrade to 320-w PS
•  PS kits:
–  Pulse-start lamp
–  Ballast
–  Starter
–  Pulse-rated socket
•  400-w upgrade to 330-w
“All-Start” (Philips) or 330w “Ever-Start” (Venture)
–  No kit or ballast change
HIGH-BAY (HB) HID vs. HID
400-w Std
Metal
Halide
320-w PS
Metal
Halide
330-w “AllStart” Metal
Halide
330-w “EverStart” Metal
Halide
PowerBall
(CMH) Metal
Halide
1
1
1
1
1
36,000
22,500 –
32,000
33,000
31,500
21,500
400
320
330
330
200
Ballast
Magnetic
Magnetic
Magnetic
Magnetic
Hi-Eff ELB
System Watts
425 - 465
342 - 368
355 - 395
355 - 395
200
Mean Lumens
23,500
19,700 –
28,000
26,400
25,200
16,125
Avg Rated Life (L50)
20,000
15,000 26,000
20,000
20,000
24,000
51 - 55
54 – 82
67 – 74
64 – 71
81
65
65 - 90
90
70
95
2 – 4 min
(replacing PS)
4 – 6 min
(replacing std)
2 – 4 min
(replacing PS)
4 – 6 min
(replacing std)
Lamps per Fixture
Initial Lumens
Lamp Watts
(10 hrs-per-start)
Maintained System
Efficacy (LPW)
CRI
Starting Time
2 – 4 min
2 – 4 min
2 – 4 min
Replace Metal Halide Fixtures in
High Ceilings with HB Fluorescent
•  Gyms, warehouses, manufacturing
•  High-bay fluorescent
•  Typical: 400-w MH to 6-L “Super” T8
or 4-L T5HO
•  About 50% savings
•  More with controls
–  Can turn off & get back on with no delay
–  Fixture mounted sensors
HB FLUORESCENT vs. HID
400-w
Std Metal
Halide
320-w PS
Metal
Halide
PowerBall
(CMH) Metal
Halide
T5HO FL
(54-w)
T5HO FL
(49-w)
“Super T8”
FL (32-w)
1
1
1
4
4
6
36,000
22,500 –
32,000
21,500
20,000
20,000
18,600
400
320
200
216
196
192
Magnetic
Magnetic
Hi-Eff ELB
PS ELB
PS ELB
IS ELB
Ballast Factor
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.2
System Watts
425 - 465
342 - 368
200
216
196
230
Mean Lumens
23,500
19,700 –
28,000
16,125
18,600
18,800
21,200
Avg Rated Life (L50)
20,000
15,000 26,000
24,000
30,000
25,000
40,000
51 - 55
54 - 82
81
86
96
92
65
65 - 90
95
85
85
85
2 – 4 min
2 – 4 min
2 – 4 min
~ 1.5 Sec
~ 1.5 Sec
~ 1.0 Sec
Lamps per Fixture
Initial Lumens
Lamp Watts
Ballast
(10 hrs-per-start)
Maintained System
Efficacy (LPW)
CRI
Starting Time
UL & INSURANCE
•  The insurers of many corporations and organizations
require that UL listed equipment be used
•  When UL listed equipment is not used, insurers have
a way out of paying claims damages
–  UL does not “approve” equipment, but lists equipment that meet their
requirements
•  Ex: T8 lamps on magnetic ballasts designed for T12 lamps
–  Mismatch causes many problems, but biggest concern for building
owners & operators is loss of UL “Listing” of fluorescent fixtures
LOCATING MIS-MATCHES
Use“Discriminator”
(a.k.a. Ballast
Checker) to determine
if fluorescent ballast
is magnetic or
electronic
Audit Tool – Discriminator
a.k.a Ballast Checker
•  Electronic replacement for
“flicker checker”
•  Aim-and-shoot
–  Aim at fixture and press button
–  Red – magnetic ballast
–  Green – electronic ballast
•  ~ $50
•  Model D-1 by SensorSwitch
•  Also avail from Philips
Electronics (formerly
Advance)
SUMMARY
•  Good time to upgrade lighting systems
•  Best practices:
–  “Super” T8 lamps & ballasts most efficient
–  “RW” lamps have lower efficiency, but also save
energy (no ballast change required)
•  Recommend 28-w lamps
–  HB solutions: All-Start (no ballast change); Pulse-start
(ballast change); Fluorescent HB (“Super” T8 or T5HO
–  Some SSL market-ready solutions
–  Consider controls: Occupancy/Vacancy; Wireless
•  Avoid/remove lamp/ballast mis-matches (liability)
–  Affects insurance