Strategy for the
Grid-Integration of
Renewable Energy
on the Example of
the German
"Energiewende"
Marco Peter
DKE German Commission for Electrical, Electronic & Information
Technologies of DIN and VDE, African Smart Grid Forum
15. May 2014, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 1
Agenda
 The situation in Germany: The
“Energiewende”
 Political commitment to Smart Grid in
Germany
 DKE Smart Grid Activities
 Energy network expansion in Germany
 Conclusion and Perspective for African
Smart Grid
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 2
The situation in Germany: The “Energiewende” - the
turnaround in energy policy
In Germany…
Extreme increase of Distributed Energy Resources
(DER) power generation in low voltage distribution network
Reason: Political framework focused and supported
an increase of renewable energies and
substitution of conventional power generation
Which means….
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 3
The situation in Germany: The “Energiewende” - the
turnaround in energy policy
Installed PV Power Generation in Germany
2011:
25039 MW
2012:
32643 MW
2014:
35700 MW
Source: FNN in VDE
In 2009 and 2010 the installed
PV power generation more than
doubled each year
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 4
The situation in Germany: The “Energiewende” - the
turnaround in energy policy
Share of Power Generation deriving from renewables
Share of electric power
generation deriving
from renewables:
2005: 10,4 %
2006: 12 %
2007: 14,2 %
2011: 20,5 %
2012: 22,9 %
2013: 24 %
(BMU)
2020: 20 to 35 %
Association for
renewables (BEE): 47%
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 5
Development of Renewables: Europe
Historical development in the EU-27 from 1990 to 2006
Today
Tomorrow
until 2015
Total MW Installed
Source: "Promotion and growth of renewable energy
sources and systems" Final Report, Ecofys et al.
(hydropower excluded)
2006
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 6
2015
The situation in Germany: The “Energiewende” - the
turnaround in energy policy
That means currently …
-Distributed Energy Resources (DER)
can offer power at guaranteed fixed prices
-DER power reduces the demand for conventional
energy on electricity stock markets
-Conventional power plants have to compete
with subsidized DER at the electricity stock markets.
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 7
The situation in Germany: The “Energiewende” - the
turnaround in energy policy
Results:
Prices
-DER volume increases due to
guaranteed fixed prices
(Feed-in tariffs),
increasing the problem further
No. of
plants
DER
conventional
power plants
-due to DER volatility and market share, the need for
capacity markets and for conventional power plants
as a backup is currently discussed
-Flooding of DER power drops the prices at
the energy stock markets
-conventional power plants become financially unattractive
but could become more important if capacity markets rise.
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 8
The situation in Germany: The “Energiewende” - the
turnaround in energy policy
That means…
-price differences between the guaranteed DER price
and the stock market price are then added to the
price per kWh for all consumers, the so called
EEG reallocation charge.
Starting at below 1 Cent/kWh in 2009
the added charge is now up to
6,24 Cent/kWh in 2014.
Further discussion about EEG ongoing
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 9
The situation in Germany: The “Energiewende” - the
turnaround in energy policy
The “Energiewende”… the turnaround in energy policy…
after the elections in Germany
Most political parties recommend
to change political framework (EEG) to
support an increase of renewable energies and
substitution of conventional power generation
Source: FNN in VDE
Which means….
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 10
The situation in Germany: The “Energiewende” - the
turnaround in energy policy
The “Energiewende”… the turnaround in energy policy…
after the elections in Germany
- reduce and deconflict targets
- balance both generation and grid infrastructure
- align regulative framework
Source: FNN in VDE
…but what are possible solutions?
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 11
The situation in Germany: The “Energiewende” - the
turnaround in energy policy
Grid utilities
load factor
Flexibility
powerstation
Frequency
EV
Voltage
Solar
Wind
Storage
0s
Conventional powerstation
Conventional supply
forecast and market response are possible
Market
operation
t
The highest premise is system availability (responsible: Grid operator).
Traffic lights inform the market participants of the grid load factor and capacities.
Price signals as incentives are possible during non-critical periods.
Assured available flexibilities are essential for the interaction between market and grid.
Source: BDEW
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 12
The situation in Germany: The “Energiewende” - the
turnaround in energy policy
using flexibilities for grid
stability
-> use cases
Grid operation
Grid utilities
load factor
FLIR
VVO
Frequency
Microgrid
Voltage
Emergency
signals
Flexibility
powerstation
EV
Solar
Wind
Storage
Variable
Tariffs
Conventional powerstation
Conventional supply
forecast and market response are possible
0s
market actions allowed but
grid limits to be considered
-> use cases (R&D) &
processes
Market
operation
t
using flexibilities on energy
markets
-> mostly existing use casesSource:
& BDEW
processes with new participants
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 13
Technical Demands


face new challenges
Bulk generation far from load
OffshoreWindparks
Conventional
generation
++
!
++
Regional power
balance 2008
Nuclear power
generation
shut down
--
Power / MW
!
!
Regional power
balance 2030
Power / MW
Source: RWE Transportnetz Strom
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 14
Political Commitment to Smart Grid in Germany

Dr. Angela Merkel at IT Summit 2010: “Beacon Project“

6 pilot regions (E-Energy projects) and ancillary research



€140 million in public and private funds

Cross-departmental cooperation (BMWi / BMU)
Activities in pilot regions

Developing and testing hardware and software for an
Internet of Energy

Gaining knowhow on interoperability, safety and security of
online solutions

Testing new models of added value generation and business
processes

Analyzing market potentials and improving consumers
acceptance

Highlighting needs for changes in the legal framework
http://www.e-energy.de/en/
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 15
DKE – Priority in International
Electrotechnical Standardization
Share of Electrotechnical DIN-Standards
share per year
DIN (EN/HD on IEC-base)
DIN (EN/HD purely European)
DIN IEC (direct IEC-adoption)
90%
DIN (purely national)
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
´90´91
´92´93
´94´95
´96´97
´98´99
´00´01
´02´03
´04
year of publication
´05´06
´07
DIN (EN/HD on IEC-base)
DIN (EN/HD purely European)
DIN IEC (direct IEC-adoption)
´08
DIN (purely national)
´09 ´10
´11 ´12
Status: 2012-11-20
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 17
ZN1E-3/4
DKE – Smart Grid Standardization in the
international context
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 18
Expertise Centre for E-Energy/Smart Grid:
Tasks and Targets


Initiate and support Smart Grid Standardization
-
to identify innovative findings from the work of e-energy projects and other
research results at an early stage, contribute them to standardization and
secure the related standardization in the long term, beyond the terms of the
projects themselves,
-
to coordinate standardization activities for smart grids as an intelligent energy
supply system in DKE and DIN
-
Initiate and support relevant Smart-Grid Standardization activities in Germany
(Networking, support and counsel the national technical committees)
-
Developing the German Roadmap E-Energy/Smart Grid 2.0 and implement
the roadmap recommendations.
-
Initiate and support International Smart Grid Standardization activities (e.g.
EU Standardization Mandates )
Provide technical neutral support and advice in Smart Grid Standards for
social, political and economical decision makers.
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 19
Smart Grid – The German Standardization Roadmap
E-Energy / Smart Grid
The new Roadmap 2.0 - Topics
Elektromobility
Activities in Germany, Europe,
International
Smart Home
Smart Metering
Demand Response
Communication
Inhouse Automation
Regulation/Legislation
European Grids
Standardization-Tools
Distribution Automation
Load-shifting
IT Security
Flexibility
Storage
Hybridgrids
Distributed Energy
Ressources
Architectures
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 20
Next steps






Integration of decentralized and renewable power generation (Onshore /
Offshore Wind, PV, CHP)
Integration of many small suppliers of power
Bulk generation (Offshore Wind) far from consumers
New markets and therefore more transport of power
Additionally:
Optimization of

Energy efficiency,

Security of supply and

Power quality
Flexibility

Renewable generation is only partly controllable and predictable

On the producers‘ side increasing flexibility is needed

Storage and flexible demand through load shifting are required
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 21
Transmission Grid - Vision

European super grid

Transportation of renewable energies
with HVDC
Renewable Energy
TWh / year
vs.
Biomass
620
VS.
Geothermal
380
Wind
Hydropower
1520
910
Solar
1730
∑ (potential generation)
5160
50 coutries requiring ~ 4000 TWh/year
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 22
Distribution Grid – Vision
Development
Generation
Generation & Consumption
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
Consumption
G
Generation & Consumption
Quelle: Siemens
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 23
New energy grid develoment plan until 2022
Planned Energy grid in Germany
until 2022
Transportation demand in GW
--- HVDC
--- AC
--- under construction or in approval procedure
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 24
Examples of New Technologies
for the Transmission System





UHV(AC) Ultra High Voltage
HVDC High Voltage Direct Current
 As basis for the super grid
 Connection to North Europe for storage / to wind
parks
FACTS Flexible AC transmission system
 Power factor compensation
 Control of power flow
PMU Phasor Measurement Unit
 WAMS Wide Area Monitoring System
 WAPS Wide Area Protection System
New Storage Systems
 Adiabatic Pressure air storage – CAES
 Hydrogen as energy storage
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 25
Intelligent, distributed Energy Management
Technical Conditions:
e.g. Information about
load
Demand and
supply:
Stock exchange
Control
Factors, Trigger
Renewables
Storage
e.g.
EV
New
Market
Places
Wind Energy
Photovoltaic
partly predictable,
not controllable
e.g.
pump
storage
Controllable
Load/ Industry
Flex. Tariffs,
Peak shifting
Demand / Consumer
Biomass-/
CHP
predictable and
controllable
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 26
Load / Storage / Generation Management
Renewables
Storage
Wind Energy
New
Market
Places
Photovoltaic
partly predictable,
Non controllable
Biomass-/
CHP
Storage
Management
Classical storage:
• pumped storage,
compressed air
in future:
• Battery
• Stationary
• EV Electrical
Vehicle
Controllable
Load
Flexible tariffs,
Peak shifting
Predictable
and controllable
Generation Management
Load Management
Thermal Storage:
• Fridge, Freezer, Air condition
• Heat pump
Peak shifting:
• Loading of EV
• Household appliances: dishwasher,
washing machine, …
• Combination of controllable and non
controllable generation
• Automation / remote switching of
distributed generation
• Ancillary Services like provision of
reactive power
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 27
Conclusion and Smart grid
perspective for Africa

Relialble energy supply by distributed independed generators

Flexible and customized power supply

Adaptable for small, medium and big settlements

Use of local sustainable resources (e.g. PV, Wind, biomass…)

Independent from centralized power supply

Standardized mini, micro and nano grids

Develope and use existing standards to be more sustainable

Learn from experience other continents or countries
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 28
Thank you for your attention
Marco Peter
Referent for Renewable Energies
DKE German Commission for Electrical,
Electronic & Information Technologies
of DIN and VDE
www.dke.de
Mail: marco.peter@vde.com
Phone: +49 (0) 69 / 6308 - 466
Marco Peter– Cote d‘Ivoire African Smart Grid Forum - Strategy for the Grid-Integration
of RE on the Example of the German "Energiewende"– 15. May 2014 / Slide 29