A Sample of Seldom Used Tools and other
Power Flow Trivia
Tracy Rolstad
Avista System Planning
WECC PWSUG, 14 March 2012
GE Appears to Model One Shunt, but Displays Two
Carry Over from Case Read
POPULUS
Bus: POPULUS (67790)
Nom kV: 345.00
Area: PACE (65)
Zone: ID NPC (652)
1.0193 pu
351.65 KV
33.60 Deg
0.00 $/MWh
0.000 Mvar
0.000 Mvar
ID f1
379.7 MW
9.7 Mvar
379.8 MVA
641.0 MW
87.3 Mvar
646.9 MVA
Line Shunts
319.9 MW
-1.7 Mvar
319.9 MVA
A
A
A mps
A mps
A
641.7 MW
87.8 Mvar
647.7 MVA
Line Shunts
CKT 1
67791
System State
55.3 MW
-55.2 Mvar
78.1 MVA
0.7 MW
-75.5 Mvar
75.5 MVA
A
A mps
In Service
A mps
BORAH
60060
1.0137 pu
349.73 KV
IDAHO
56.9 MW
-52.9 Mvar
77.7 MVA
470.3 MW
0.6 Mvar
470.3 MVA
A
In Service
A mps
BORPOP11
0.00 MW
0.00 Mvar
ID 1
CKT 2
A
A
A mps
A mps
A
BORPOP21
CKT 2
CKT 1
67792
POPBRI11
A mps
POPBRI21
67793
BRIDGER
60085
1.0500 pu
362.25 KV
IDAHO
CKT 1
67794
KINPOP11
67795
KINPORT
60190
1.0143 pu
349.94 KV
IDAHO
CKT 1
CKT 2
BENLOMND
65135
1.0247 pu
353.51 KV
CKT 1
TERMINAL
66510
1.0296 pu
355.23 KV
Unique Levels of Aggregation
• Injection Groups
 Power plants, conforming load, etc
• Substations
 Collection of buses, loads, generators, etc
– Auto extractable with Lat/Long
• Interfaces
 Path Rating catalog
– Can contain numerous object elements
Use of Aggregation Provides Enhanced Capability
• Substation Auto-extract
 Quasi-GIS capability
– Extract into ID, OR, WA borders
• Or just ask Zach for his work!
• Bubble Diagram
 Uses interfaces and areas to emulate GE diagram
– Super Area used in this…
• Will post needed *.aux files and *.pwd files
• Custom Case Information
 Fills need for standard reporting
Be l
Ta f t
D w o r s h a k
Hat wa i
FORTISBC
B.C.HYDRO
Load:
-30 MW
7840 MW
Load:
B.C.HYDRO
( 50)
Losses: 674 MW
SI:
Load:
2669 MW
Gen:
9810 MW
SI:
-400 MW
WAPA U.M.
48 MW
Load: 1816 MW
Losses: 114
MONTA
NAMW
( 62)
9842 MW
ALBERTA
( 54)
Losses:
368 MW
Gen: 780 MW
SI:
31 MW
Gen: 11183 MW
MONTANA
ALBERTA
731 MW
FORTISBC
( 52)
Losses:
18 MW
Load:
-42 MW
Gen:
54 MW
SI:
89 MW
WA
PA U.M.
( 63)
Losses:
6 MW
Gen: 3384 MW
SI: 1455 MW
-399 MW
2300 MW
1253 MW
-137 MW
PSCOLORADO
Load: 24403 MW
Load:
-99 MW
Losses:
1164 MW
NO
RT H WEST
( 40)
3763 MW
SI:
4178 MW
Gen: 7121 MW
SI: -599 MW
629 MW
-41 MW
96 MW
-2944 MW
154 MW
-791 MW
SIERRA
Load:
PG AND E
2094 MW
Losses:
71 MW
SIERRA
( 64)
3 MW
Load: 29023 MW
3541 MW
IDAHO ( 60)
Losses: 185 MW
Gen: 4355 MW
Gen: 29329 MW
SI:
Load: 7528 MW
PSCOLORADO
( 70)
Losses:
191 MW
IDAHO
NORTHWEST
769 MW
Gen: 29403 MW
SI: -655 MW
WAPA R.M.
-192 MW
Gen: 2037 MW
SI: -128 MW
Losses:
1036
PG AND
E MW
( 30)
Load:
Gen: 6310 MW
SI: 985 MW
37 MW
-3 MW
87 MW
31 MW
-2 MW
PACE
Load: 8761 MW
Losses: 298 MW
PACE ( 65)
3520 MW
LADWP
Load:
NEVADA
372 MW
6565 MW
LADWP ( 26)
Load:
6128 MW
Gen:
5571 MW
SI:
-648 MW
75 MW
Gen:
-193 MW
7928 MW
SI: -1131 MW
NEVADA
( 18)
Losses:
91 MW
Losses: 421 MW
Gen: 4664 MW
SI: -2333 MW
-135 MW
NEW MEXICO
Load:
0 MW
2442 MW
SOCALIF
Load: 24819 MW
SI:
418 MW
67 MW
Gen: 17048 MW
2598 MW
339 MW
-634 MW
IMPERIALCA
Load:
995 MW
IMP
ERIA LC
Losses:
37 A
MW( 2 1 )
35 MW
Gen:
1422 MW
SI:
-300 MW
-15 MW
ARIZONA
Load:
4776 MW
Losses:
107 MW
SA
NDIEGO
( 22)
Gen:
-301 MW
EL PASO
Load: 18650 MW
ARIZONA
( 14)
Losses:
546 MW
Gen: 25656 MW
SI: 6460 MW
MEXICO-CFE
SANDIEGO
Load:
2401 MW
Gen:
2135 MW
SI:
-300 MW
MEXIC
Losses:O -C
35FE
MW( 2 0 )
167 MW
Load: 1700 MW
EL
PASO
( 11)
Losses:
67 MW
Gen:
SI:
966 MW
-800 MW
WECC Total
Gen: 175697 MW
Load: 169427 MW
Losses:
965 MW
3482 MW
SI: -1401 MW
189 MW
60 MW
2322 MW
SI: -8263 MW
2723 MW
NEW MEXICO
( 10)
Losses:
146 MW
Gen: 3058 MW
81 MW
SOCALIF
( 24)
Losses:
492 MW
-702 MW
5132 MW
WA
PA R.M.
( 73)
Losses:
193 MW
WESTERN ELECTRICITY COORDINATING COUNCIL
2012 HS4A APPROVED OPERATING CASE
JANUARY 12, 2012
6261 MW
Ranking Importance of Buses or Substations
• All lines in service
 Flow based: MW, MVAr, Net Injections
 Equipment Count
• Contingency Based
 Violation Count
 RANK
 Aggregate Overload
– % or MVA
 Gen or Load
 Islands
N-1-1 Contingencies
• How do you know what to simulate?
 The numbers can be overwhelming
– Or perhaps not?
• Use the Advanced LODF Tool
 We will look at Puget’s sensitivities to ALL WECC 500 kV ctgs
– Auto insert WECC 500 kV ctgs
– Create PSE Limit Monitoring Group
– Run Advanced LODF
– Examine Results
LODF Tool Prediction Is?
Flow = -442.3 MW "COVINGT4-RAVER“
And
MONITORED BRANCH 40689 42500 2
!
FLOW = 672.8 MW LODF = -12.3 "MAPLE V3-TALBOT N"
So…. (-0.123) * (-442.3 MW) + 672.8 MW = 727.2 MW should show
up on the MapleV3—Talbot N line. Ugh, signs… 
YAY!
Well? PSE folks,
will these outages
load up the PSE
system?
Setting Path Flows and Line Flows to Targets
• Tools Used
 Injection Group(s)
– For this example it is an uber-group that is all WECC
generation regardless of type, size, etc.
 Interfaces
 Line Loading Replicator
Creating All WECC Gen Group
Line Loading Replicator on Northern Intertie
Set Northern Intertie to Zero in 15 seconds
Results: Note Use of AGCable Flag
Going the other way by 2300 MW
Results from this: ~4600 MW Shift
Check Overloads and Generation Movement
• The line loading replicator is NOT an OPF…no constraints
• 15 overloads in base case (max =211%)
• 80 overloads in adjusted case (max=216%, same line as above)
Questions