International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering
Volume: 1 Special Issue: 1
e-ISSN: 2394-8299
p-ISSN: 2394-8280
Innovation in traffic management System using Embedded system and RFID
Neha R. Lanjewar1 , Amita S. Raut2 , Anjali B. Parate 3 , Bhaskar S. Kurzekar4
1
B.E. 4 th year, Department of Computer Technology, K.D.K. College of Engineering Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India, Nehalanjewar9507@gmail.com
2
B.E. 4 th year, Department of Computer Technology, K.D.K College of Engineering Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India, amitaraut718@gmail.com
3
th
B.E. 4 year, Department of Computer Technology, K.D.K. College of Engineering Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India, anjaliparateap@gmail.com
4
B .E. 4 th year, Department of Computer Technology, K.D.K. College of Engineering Nagpur,
Maharashtra, India, bhaskarkurzekar@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Growing numbers of vehicles and current infrastructure has lead to increasing traffic problems such as traffic
congestion, long waiting time, etc. The road accidents are increased to uncertain level due to the inefficient traffic
management. Many times human life is at risk as immediate passage is not provided to the emergency vehicles, like
ambulance, fire brigade vehicle, etc. There is a need to use existing system more intelligently to increase throughput
and minimize the unfair means. This system mainly focuses on efficient traffic management at signal by performing
multifunction operation. It chiefly emphasizes on violation of the traffic rules. This system also maintains the database
of vehicles which are registered at RTO. All the vehicles will be having RFID chips for unique identification. Thus this
system brings out with powerful functions and hardware interface. Immediate message will be sent to owner of vehicle
upon the violation of rules through GSM. It gives free lane to emergency vehicles (viz. VIP vehicles, ambulance, police
-van) at the time of heavy traffic. It also focuses on the reducing of waiting time by considering the density a t each
adjacent side of road. Thus, this optimized technique of traffic light switching decreases waiting time and consumption
of fuel.
Keywords: Traffic signal system, sensor, microcontroller 89C51, MAX232, Database, RFID.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1. INTRODUCTION
Many problems have been facing due to the existing traffic management system which is quiet traditional and
inefficient. Traffic congestion at the signals is one of the major problems of most of the developing country. But
fast transportation is the means for the economic growth of any nation. The traditional methods used are facing
many problems like congestion, high waiting time, ambulance struck in traffic etc.
Drawback of traditional traffic control system:
1 Violation of the traffic rules at the intersection crossing which may lead to the accidents.
2. Human life is at risk due to traffic congestion.
3. Manual verification of documents by the traffic police increases the means of corruption. Even the
of all the person cannot be checked at same time.
documents
4. Due to the high red light running time the waiting time is more even for the people on the lane with less density.
IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|editor@ijrise.org [377-383]
International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering
Volume: 1 Special Issue: 1
e-ISSN: 2394-8299
p-ISSN: 2394-8280
This proposed system mainly focuses on these concerned issues of the traditional traffic control system
management. This system is based on sensor networks and embedded system (microcontroller 89C51).The
problems faced by the manual working of traffic signal management system are resolved efficiently.
The motive of the design of this project is overcome the problem of traffic jam and avoiding the violation of the
traffic rules. This project deals with the design of safe and efficient traffic flow system which help to reduce
congestion on road. To minimize the waiting time and fuel consumption at signals, dynamic flexibility in green
light timing according to the density at each lane proofs to be beneficial. For verification of the documents of users
RFID devices are used. Thus the manual working of traffic officials will not be needed and corruption can be
reduced.
This paper has a brief explanation of: Section II gives a brief study of traditional traffic system design. The a ctual
proposed model of this project with all its components is described in section III. In the IV section the actual
implementation is proposed with snapshots . Finally the paper is concluded with the conclusion, and references.
2.PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed traffic system emphasizes on the problem being faced by the existing system and is the solution
to these problems which the citizens usually face in their daily life. This system chiefly focuses on bringing down
the violation of the traffic rules at the signals. It is concerned with the human life by giving the emergency passage
to the vehicles like Ambulance, Fire brigade, etc. It also concerns with the high density on the road which causes
long waiting time.
The major components of this system are:
2.1 Microcontroller:
AT89C51 is an 8-bit microcontroller and belongs to Atmel’s 8051 family. ATMEL 89C51 has 4 KB of Flash
programmable and erasable read only memory (PEROM) and 128 bytes of RAM. It can be erased and program to a
maximum of 1000 times. There are four 8 bit bidirectional ports designated as P0, P1, P2, P3 which can be used as
input and output ports. Except P0 which needs external pull-ups, rest have internal pull-ups. These ports are also bit
addressable and so their bits can als o be accessed individually. Port P0 and P2 are also used to provide low and
high byte address, respectively, when connected to the external memory. Port P3 has multiplexed pins for special
functions like serial communication, hardware interrupts, timer inp uts and read/write operation from external
memory. The on-chip Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed in-system or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel
AT89C51 is a powerful microcomputer which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many
embedded control applications .
It has an inbuilt UART for serial communication. It can be programmed to operate at different baud rates .
Including two timers & hardware interrupts, it has a total of six interrupts.
2.2 Detectors:
There are three road sensors :
2.2.1In-pavement sensors:
These sensors are buried in or under roadway. Most common type that is used is inductive detector loops. They are
the sensors buried in roadway to detect the presence of traffic waiting at light. Consequently small vehicles and
bicycles with low metal content may not detected by sensors since in -pavement sensors work like metal detector.
2.2.2Non-instructive sensors:
These sensors include video image processors, sensors that use electromagnetic waves or acoustic sensors to detect
the presence of vehicle at road-intersection. These over-roadway sensors are more favourable than the in-roadway
IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|editor@ijrise.org [377-383]
International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering
Volume: 1 Special Issue: 1
e-ISSN: 2394-8299
p-ISSN: 2394-8280
sensors because they are resistant to natural degradation related with in-pavement sensors. Comparison with the inpavement sensors, it is much better to use over-roadway sensors with respect to cost and danger of installation,
labour cost and the capacity to acts as real time traffic management devices.
2.2.3Sensors for non-motorized road use:
Pedestrians, bicyclists, equestrians are non-motorized user. Demand button and tuned detectors are used to detect
these users.
2.3 RFID:
Radio Frequency Identification is acronym as RFID. RFID is a electronic device that consist of a small chip and a
antenna. It use wireless electromagnetic fields to transfer data for the purposes of automatically identifying and
tracking tags attached to objects.
2.3.1Advantage:




In real time, it is very fast.
No line-of-sight contact necessary.
It can be read through any substances like snow, dirt, fog, ice etc.
It has bidirectional communication.
2.4 Max232:
The max232 device is a dual driver/receiver that includes a capacity voltage generator to supply TIA/EIA-232-F
voltage levels from a single 5 volt supply. Each receiver converts TIA/EIA -232-F inputs to 5V TTL/CMOS levels.
These receivers have a typical threshold of 1.3V, a typical hysteresis of 0.5V, and can accept +30V and -30V inputs.
Each driver converts TTL/CMOS input levels into TIA/EIA-232-F levels.
This proposed system has been designed to overcome the problems faced by the existing system. This is an
embedded system which has microcontroller AT89C51 as main block connected with MAX232 chip for design of
traffic signal. This system also uses the RFID chip that not only detects the unique identity number of the vehicle
breaking the signal but also provides quick passage to the emergency vehicles stuck in traffic at the signal. Radio
Frequency Identification is a technique that works on the radio wave for the identification of unique object. In this
system RFID chip with unique identification number will be provided to each vehicle during its passing. The detail
information of the vehicle owner will also be feed in the server’s database. The database will contain all the
information of the vehicle like, Name of the owner, vehicle no, license no, phone no and all other details
3. WORKING:
RFID is the integral part of this system. Each vehicle will have RFID chip with the purpose of automatically
identifying and tracking tags attached to it. When a person breaks the signal, through this chip the signal is passed to
the receiver. It automatically checks for the details of the person in the database and sends message to his contact.
He has to clear his fine in anyway either through online banking or manually depending upon his choice. Thus it
reduces the manual work and in some extent corruption too. It is concerned with the human life by giving the
emergency passage to the vehicles like Ambulance, Fire brigade, etc. The unique id will be given to Ambulance and
this information is saved in the database. Whenever the Sensor detects the ambulance at certain distance of a few
meters, it will give the emergency passage by making the signal green.
Three sensors will be fixed on the road at the signal, one of which is used for detecting violation of rules and rest for
density control. The RFID chip will track the vehicles violating red light rule through the unique identification
IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|editor@ijrise.org [377-383]
International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering
Volume: 1 Special Issue: 1
e-ISSN: 2394-8299
p-ISSN: 2394-8280
number provided to it. It automatically checks for the details of the person in the database and sends message to his
contact through GSM regarding the fine imposed for violating the rules. The camera at the crossing junction
captures the image of the vehicle as a proof. RFID has three basic components: RFID tag, RFID reader and
database. Whenever any vehicle cross the sensor and comes in the frequency of the transmitter the RFID reader
captures the RFID tag of the vehicle and send it to the server for details extraction.
The other two sensors are established to sense the traffic on the signal at any lane. They are a few meters away from
each other. When the vehicles are only within the range inside the first sensor the density is only 50% and when
beyond it its 100%. According to the density the timer will be increased or decreased. This may minimize the
waiting time at the signal and thus saving of fuel consumption.
4. IMPLEMENTATION
The implementation of the system has following design:
Below figure gives the GUI of the hardware design.
Fig-1 GUI of the hardware i.e. traffic signal setup.
2 Figure describes that each client has to register themselves in this system and then login to have the access to
his information.
Fig-2: login page for the client.
IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|editor@ijrise.org [377-383]
International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering
Volume: 1 Special Issue: 1
e-ISSN: 2394-8299
p-ISSN: 2394-8280
3 Fig is shows the registration form for the client to fill his detail.
Fig-3:Registration form for details of the client for the system.
Fig4 If a person violates the traffic signal rule and crosses the sensor, a break message is send to the server.
Fig-4 server receives a message of signal break by avoiding violation of traffic rule
IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|editor@ijrise.org [377-383]
International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering
Volume: 1 Special Issue: 1
e-ISSN: 2394-8299
p-ISSN: 2394-8280
4.1 Hardware representation
5.CONCLUSION
The improvement in the current scenario of the traffic system depends upon the modern ways of traffic management
and control. Advancement in the traffic system leads to the reduction of the problems such as traffic congestion,
long time waiting, and etc. Manual work is reduced to some extent. The innovation in traffic system brings out with
powerful functions and hardware interface. This system chiefly focuses on bringing down the violation of the traffic
rules at the signals. When a person breaks the signal, through RFID chip the signal is passed to the receiver. It
automatically checks for the details of the person in the database and sends message to his contact. It is concerned
with the human life by giving the emergency passage to the vehicles like Ambulance, Fire brigade, etc. The unique
id will be given to Ambulance and this information is saved in the database. Whenever the Sensor detects the
ambulance at certain distance of a few meters, it will give the emergency passage by making the signal g reen. It also
concerns with the high density on the road which causes long waiting time. Sensors will check out for the density on
the road, high density will causes the increase in the running timer. Thus proposed innovative Traffic Light Controller
is more efficient than the existing traffic. Moreover, the designed system has the scope for further expansion.
REFERENCES
[1]Yang and Recker, “Simulation studies of information propagation in a self-organizing distributed traffic
information system”, Transportation Research Part C. Vol. 13, 2005 370-390.
[2]Design of intelligent traffic system using embedded system. Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in
Engineering and Technology, ICETET-09.
[3]International Journal of Electrical, Electronics ISSN No. (Online): 2277-2626 and Computer Engineering 2(2):
66-72(2013) Intelligent Traffic Control Unit
[4]International Journal of Electrical & Computer Sciences IJECS -IJENS Vol: 11 No: 06 6 110606-9494 IJECSIJENS © December 2011 IJENS PLC Based Intelligent Traffic Control System.
IJRISE| www.ijrise.org|editor@ijrise.org [377-383]
International Journal of Research In Science & Engineering
Volume: 1 Special Issue: 1
e-ISSN: 2394-8299
p-ISSN: 2394-8280
[5]International Journal of Computing & Business Research ISSN (Online): 2229-6166 Red Light Violation
Detection Using RFID
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