List of Symbols and Abbreviations
Abbreviations of amino acids
Ala (A)
Arg (R)
Asn (N)
Asp (D)
Cys (C)
Glu (E)
Gln (Q)
Gly (G)
His (H)
Ile (I)
Leu (L)
Lys (K)
Met M)
Phe (F)
Pro (P)
Ser (S)
Thr (T)
Trp W)
Tyr (Y)
Val (V)
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Alanine
Argenine
Asparagine
Asparticacid
Cysteine
Glutamicacid
Glutamine
Glycine
Histidine
Isoleucine
Leucine
Lysine
Methionine
Phenylalanine
Proline
Serine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Tyrosine
Valine
Abbreviations of nucleic acid basses
A
G
C
T
U
dNTPs
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Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine
Uracil
Deoxy nucleoside triphosphate
Other abbreviations
%
/
~
α
β
+ve
-ve
°C
A°
µg
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Percent
Per
Nearly
Alpha
Beta
Positive
Negative
Degree (s) centigrade
Angstrom
Microgram
i
µl
µM
aa
Ae
ai
6K
BHK-21
BLAST
Bp
BSL-3
BT
BTV
BTV – 2
C
C6/36
CDC
cDNA
CHIK
CHIKF
CHIKV
cm
CMV
CO2
CPE
C-terminus
d ATP
d CTP
d GTP
d TTP
DALY
DC-SIGN
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DEET
DEPC
DI
DII
DIII
DIA
DMHO
DMO
DMSO
DNA
Dnase
DRC
dsRNA
E.Coli
E1
E2
E3
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Microliter
Micromolar
Aminoacid
Aedes
active ingredient
6kDA protein
Baby Hamster Kidney cells
Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
Base pair(s)
Bio Safety Level - 3
Bluetongue
Bluetongue virus
Bluetongue virus serotype-2
Capsid Protein
Aedes albopictus cells
Center for Disease Control
Complementary DNA
Chikungunya
Chikungunya fever
Chikungunya virus
Centimeter
Cytomegalovirus
Carbon dioxide
Cytopathic effect
Carboxy terminus
Deoxyadenosine Triphosphate
Deoxycytosine Triphosphate
Deoxyguanosine Triphosphate
Deoxythymidin Triphosphate
Disability adjusted life years
Dendritic Cell-Specific Intercellular adhesion
Molecule -3-Grabbing Non-Integrin
N,N – Diethyl-meta-toluamide
Diethyl Pyro Carbonate
Domain I
Domain II
Domain III
Dot Immuno Binding Assay
District Medical Health Office
District Malaria Officer
Dimethyl Sulphoxide
Deoxyribonucleic Acid
Deoxy Ribonuclease
Democratic Republic of C
Double stranded RNA
Escherichia coli
Envelope gene I
Envelope gene 2
Envelope gene 3
ii
EB
EBV
ECSA
EDTA
EHDV
ELISA
ELOSA
FCS
Fg
Fig.
g
GDD
HBV
H&E
HCl
HI
HIV
HPV
HRP
Hrs
i.e.,
IEC activities
I FT
IgG
IgM
IIFT
IL-I
IOL
IPT
IPTG
IU
IV
J
Kb
KC1
Kda
L
LAMP
LB
LiCl
L-SIGN
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M
MEGA
mg
MgCl2
min.
ml
mM
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Elution buffer
Epstein-Barr Virus
East Central South African
Ethylene Diaminetetra Acetic Acid
Epizootic Haemorrhagic Disease Virus
Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay
Enzyme Linked Oligonucleotide Sorbent Assay
Foetal Calf Serum
Femto gram
Figure
Gram (s)
Glycine – Aspartic acid – Aspartic acid motif
Hepatitis B virus
Hematoxylin and Eosin
Hydrochloric acid
Hemagglutination Inhibition
Human Immunodeficiency virus
Human Papilloma virus
Horse Radish Peroxidase
Hours
That means
Information, Education and Communication
Activities Immuno Fluorescence Technique
Immunoglobulin G
Immunoglobulin M
Indirect Immunofluorescent test
Interleukin – 1
Indian Ocean Language
Immuno Peroxidase Test
Isopropyl-β-thioglaactopyranoside
International Units
Intravascular
Junction
Kilo base (s)
Potassium Chloride
Kilodaltons
Litre
Loop – mediated Isothermal Amplification
Luria - Bertani
Lithium Chloride
Liver/lymphnode-specific Intracellular adhesion
molecules -3 Grabbing Non-Integrin
Molar
Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis
Milligram(s)
Magnesium Chloride
Minutes
Milliliter
Milli molar
iii
mol
MMU
M-MuLV
mRNA
MW
N
NC core
NCBI
NGOs
NIAID
NICD
nm
No.
NS
NSAIDs
NSP1
NSP2
NSP3
NSP4
nt
N-terminal
NTP ase
NTR
NVBDCP
OD
O/N
ORFs
OIE
PAGE
PBS
PCR
PFU
PGIMER
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pH
PI
pmol
ppm
RA
RANTES
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RBC
RNA
Rnase
rpm
RSV
r.t.
RT-PCR
SARS
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Moles
Mobile Medical Unit
Molony-Murine leukemia virus
Messenger RNA
Molecular weight
Normal
Nucleocapsid core
National Center for Biotechnology Information
Non-Governmental Organization (s)
National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases
National Institute of Communicable Diseases
Nanometer
Number
Non structural
Nonsteroidal anti-inflamatory drugs
Non-structural protein 1
Non-structural protein 2
Non-structural protein 3
Non-structural protein 4
Nucleotide
Amino terminal
Nucleotide triphosphatase
Non translated region
National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme
Optical Density
Overnight
Open reading frames
Office International des Epizooties
Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis
Phosphate Buffered Saline
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Plaque forming unit
Post graduate Institute of Medical Education and
Research
Negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration
Post inoculation
Picomoles
Parts-per-million
Rheumatoid arthritis
Regulated on Acivation, Normal T Cell Expressed and
Secreted
Red Blood Cells
Ribonucleic Acid
Ribonuclease
Revolutions per minute
Respiratory syncytial virus
room temperature
Reverse Transcription PCR
Severe Acquired Respiratory Syndrome
iv
SDS
sec.
SFV
SINV
spp.,
ssRNA
T
TBE
TCID50
TE
TGDW
TPB
ts
TVG
U
UV
UTR
VEEV
V
V/V
Viz.,
VP
VLP
w/v
WA
X-gal
Yr
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Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate
Seconds
Semliki Forest virus
Sindbis virus
Species
Single Stranded RNA
Triangular number
Tris Borate EDTA
Tissue culture infective dose 50 percent end point
Tris EDTA
Triple Glass distilled water
Tryptose Phosphate Broth
temperature sensitive
Trypsin Versine Glucose
Unit (s)
Ultraviolet
Untranslated region
Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus
Volts
Volume/volume
Namely
Viral protein
Virus like particle
Weight/volume
West African
5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-D-galactopyranoside
Year (s)
v