The Shaw Group Limited Safe Work Practices February 2014 The Shaw Group Limited Post Office Box 2130 Lantz, Nova Scotia Canada B2S 3G4 Tel: (902) 883-2201 Fax: (902) 883-1273 Group Members Shaw Brick Shaw Precast Solutions Shaw Resources Subsidiaries Clayton Developments Ltd. MMH Prestige Homes Ltd. Ven-Rez Products Ltd. SAFE WORK PRACTICES Safe work practices/job procedures are general guidelines for the performance of a particular type of work or activity. Their purpose is to help avoid types of accidents that have historically occurred when using certain tools, equipment, or performing a particular type of task. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABRASIVE BLASTING.............................................................................................................................................. 1 ASBESTOS................................................................................................................................................................. 2 BACK CARE ............................................................................................................................................................... 2 BACKING VEHICLES................................................................................................................................................ 3 BATTERIES - VEHICLE & EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................... 3 CELL PHONES........................................................................................................................................................... 4 CHAIN SAW AND POWER TOOLS........................................................................................................................ 5 BASIC ELECTRICAL SAF ETY (F01) ................................................................................................................ 7 ERGONOMICS OF TOOL DESIGN (F02) ........................................................................................................ 8 DRILLS (F03) ........................................................................................................................................................ 9 BELT SANDERS (F04) ...................................................................................................................................... 10 SABRE SAWS, JIG SAWS & RECIPROCATING SAWS (F05) .................................................................. 11 CIRCULAR SAWS (F06) ................................................................................................................................... 12 PLANERS (F07) .................................................................................................................................................. 13 ROUTERS (F08)................................................................................................................................................. 14 EXPLOSIVE ACTUATED FASTENING TOOLS (F09) ................................................................................. 15 PNEUMATIC NAILING & STAPLING TOOLS (F10) ..................................................................................... 16 AIR POWERED (F11) ........................................................................................................................................ 17 CLEANING SOLVENTS AND FLAMMABLES..................................................................................................... 18 COMPRESSED AIR ................................................................................................................................................ 18 CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................ 18 WORK PERMIT .................................................................................................................................................. 22 PROCEDURAL OUTLINES FOR ENTERING MANHOLES.............................................................................. 23 CONVEYOR SAFETY ............................................................................................................................................. 25 CRANE AND HOIST................................................................................................................................................ 26 HAND SIGNALS (B01)....................................................................................................................................... 26 COMMON HAND SIGNALS (B02) ................................................................................................................... 27 VERTICAL, CHOKER AND TURNING SLING HITCHES (B03).................................................................. 28 BASKET AND BRIDLE SLING HITCHES (B04) ............................................................................................ 29 SYNTHETIC WEB SLINGS (B05) .................................................................................................................... 30 HOIST WIRE ROPE (B06) ................................................................................................................................ 31 WIRE ROPE SLINGS (B07) .............................................................................................................................. 32 CHAIN SLINGS (B08) ........................................................................................................................................ 33 SLINGING ONTO OVERHEAD CRANE HOOKS (B09) ............................................................................... 34 OVERHEAD CRANE OPERATION (B10) ...................................................................................................... 35 CRANE PRE-OPERATION INSPECTION (B11) ........................................................................................... 36 CRANE MAINTENANCE (B12) ........................................................................................................................ 37 USE OF MATERIALS HOISTS (B13) .............................................................................................................. 38 PLATE CLAMP INSPECTION (B14) ............................................................................................................... 39 USE OF PLATE CLAMPS (B15) ...................................................................................................................... 40 LIFTING WITH EYE BOLTS (B16)................................................................................................................... 41 USE OF SHACKLES (B17) ............................................................................................................................... 42 WIRE ROPE SLING MECHANICALLY SPLICED ......................................................................................... 43 GRADE 80 ALLOY CHAIN SLINGS ................................................................................................................ 44 COLOR CONTROL POLICY - SLINGS........................................................................................................... 45 ELECTRICAL SAFETY ........................................................................................................................................... 46 EXCAVATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................ 47 EXTREME TEMPERATURE (COLD) ................................................................................................................... 47 EXTREME TEMPERATURE (HOT) ...................................................................................................................... 48 FIRE & THE USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ................................................................................................... 48 KNOW YOUR EXTINGUISHERS..................................................................................................................... 49 FIRE PREVENTION & PROTECTION.................................................................................................................. 50 SAFE WORK PRACTICES GENERAL OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS - P.P.P.S....................................... 51 FIRST AID ................................................................................................................................................................. 51 FORESTRY SAFETY .............................................................................................................................................. 52 FORKLIFT AND LOADER SAFETY...................................................................................................................... 52 MOBILE EQUIPMENT DRIVERS' DAILY CHECK LIST ............................................................................... 58 GAS CYLINDER HANDLING ................................................................................................................................. 59 COMPRESSED GAS............................................................................................................................................... 61 CYLINDER STORAGE (I06) ............................................................................................................................. 61 CYLINDER HANDLING (I07) ............................................................................................................................ 62 SET-UP (I08) ....................................................................................................................................................... 63 REGULATOR USE (I09).................................................................................................................................... 64 LEAKING CYLINDERS (I10)............................................................................................................................. 65 GRINDING ................................................................................................................................................................ 66 USE OF BENCH AND PEDESTAL GRINDERS (A04) ................................................................................. 67 GUARDS ON MACHINERY ................................................................................................................................... 68 GUARDS - MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT...................................................................................................... 68 HELICOPTER SAFET Y .......................................................................................................................................... 68 HOISTING PRACTICES ......................................................................................................................................... 69 HOT WORK .............................................................................................................................................................. 70 HOUSEKEEPING..................................................................................................................................................... 71 LADDER SAFETY.................................................................................................................................................... 71 LADDERS - PORTABLE ................................................................................................................................... 72 LADDERS - STEP .............................................................................................................................................. 72 LOADING/UNLOADING VEHICLES ..................................................................................................................... 73 METAL DRUMS ....................................................................................................................................................... 73 MITRE SAWS (E10) ................................................................................................................................................ 74 POLYMER MATERIALS ......................................................................................................................................... 75 POWER LINES/TELEPHONES ............................................................................................................................. 75 PROPANE................................................................................................................................................................. 75 RIGGING ................................................................................................................................................................... 76 SCAFFOLD - METAL .............................................................................................................................................. 77 SCAFFOLD - WOOD ............................................................................................................................................... 77 SPRAY PAINTING ................................................................................................................................................... 78 TOOL BOX MEETINGS .......................................................................................................................................... 78 TRUCKING................................................................................................................................................................ 80 AIR-RIDE TRAILERS......................................................................................................................................... 80 BLACK BOX ELECTRONIC TRIP RECORDERS ......................................................................................... 80 BOOMS, UNIT LIFTS & PIPEMASTERS........................................................................................................ 80 BRIDGE CRANES .............................................................................................................................................. 81 HITCH HIKER EQUIPMENT............................................................................................................................. 81 LOAD SECURITY............................................................................................................................................... 85 LOADING TRUCKS & TRAILERS ................................................................................................................... 85 LOADING & UNLOADING DUMP TRAILERS ............................................................................................... 85 TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS ......................................................................................... 85 TRUCK SAFETY EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................................................ 86 UNLOADING PROCEDURES FOR PNEUMATIC TANK TRAILERS ........................................................ 86 WINTER DRIVING.............................................................................................................................................. 86 WELDING & CUTTING ........................................................................................................................................... 87 BACKFIRES & FLASHBACKS ......................................................................................................................... 89 CARE OF CYLINDERS IN WELDING............................................................................................................. 89 CONFINED SPACES & EMPTY VESSELS ................................................................................................... 90 COMPRESSED GASSES ................................................................................................................................. 90 FIRE PREVENTION ........................................................................................................................................... 91 WEST NILE VIRUS (WNV) ..................................................................................................................................... 91 WORKPLACE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INFORMATION SYSTEM - WHMIS .......................................... 92 WORKING ALONE .................................................................................................................................................. 93 SAFE WORK PRACTICES ABRASIVE BLASTING Abrasive blasting, also referred to as sandblasting, is a procedure where small particles of hard abrasive material (such as sand, grit) are projected by air, water, steam or centrifugal force against a surface. The (a) (b) (c) purposes of abrasive blasting are: To clean a surface of undesirable rust, scale, paint, in preparation for painting, welding, etc. To deburr - removing tool marks or to produce a decorative finish To cut or inscribe (ie - monuments) Anyone conducting abrasive blasting on company premises shall follow all safety precautions as documented by the Industrial Safety Regulations under the Occupational Health and Safety Act and NIOSH. HEALTH HAZARDS Two major health hazards associated with abrasive blasting are, in order of severity: (a) Dust inhalation; (b) Noise exposure. DUSTS The dusts result from broken down abrasives, pulverized surface coatings and abraded material from the object being blasted. The solid particles comprising the dusts range widely in size. Those larger than 10 microns settle relatively quickly while those smaller than 10 microns remain airborne longer and are easily inhaled. Of particular importance is silica dust (Si02) when used as the abrasive material. Silica exposure may cause silicosis - a slowly developing lung disease. Dust concentrations in areas adjacent to sandblast operations can be excessive as far as 23 meters (75 feet) from the operator, even with only a light wind. Particles of silica sand remain airborne for periods up to 20 minutes. Therefore, keep the helmet on until well clear of the sandblasting area. BREATHING DUSTS CAN CAUSE SERIOUS RESPIRATORY DISEASES SUCH AS SILICOSIS. Dust particles can also enter the body through any small open wounds or abrasions and through dust affected foods (eating in work area). (Refer to section on respirators and medical monitoring for silica exposed employees). NOISE With cabinet or room type blasting, the noise problem can be made relatively minor with proper engineering controls. However, hand held operated nozzles present a serious noise problem. The noise can lead to a hearing loss. The helmet does not reduce the noise significantly so hearing protection is still required to be worn. (Refer to section in manual on Hearing Protection). Other hazards associated with abrasive blasting are media ricochet and mechanical hazards. For all of the reasons described, personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be worn at all times by anyone conducting abrasive blasting. The "Potman" shall wear PPE as well. The following CSA approved PPE shall be worn by the operator: 1. Helmet - air supplied breathing helmet. The helmet shall be maintained in meticulous condition to prevent risk to health. Suitable respiratory protection shall be worn by potman as well. 2. Continuous air flow of contaminant - free air. 3. Hearing protection - shall be worn by the operator and potman. 4. Coveralls - worn by operator and potman. 5. Heavy leather gauntlet gloves. 6. Safety boots - worn by operator and potman. February 2014 Page 1 SAFE WORK PRACTICES Keep windows of the blaster's hood clear at all times for good visibility. Change the plastic or glass inserts when they become pitted by the abrasive rebound. The outside of the helmet shall be cleaned after each use to prevent dirt transfer to the inside. The operator's helmet and hoses shall be maintained in excellent condition and stored in a clean locker. The operator and potman shall continue to wear their respiratory protection until they are well clear of the blasting area. Before blasting, it is the operator's responsibility to ensure the equipment is in safe working condition. Fittings and hoses should be checked for leaks and ruptures. The deadman remote should be tested as well. Unprotected workers shall not be allowed in sandblast area. Signs shall be posted outside of blasting area indicating only authorized persons allowed in blasting area. Health monitoring including x-rays, audiometric screening, spirometry and health history shall be conducted for blasters and potmen (see respiratory surveillance for silica exposure. The "dead man switch" shall be used wherever hand held blasting equipment is used. The "dead man switch" shall not be removed! ASBESTOS Background Information Asbestos is a general term referring to a group of 30 fibrous mineral silicates. There are six types of asbestos of commercial importance including: chrysolite (white asbestos), crocidolite (blue asbestos), amosite (brown asbestos), anthophyllite, tremolite and actinolite. Commercially, asbestos has been widely used, It's availability and low cost, combined with its properties of incombustibility, high tensile strength, chemical resistancy and flexibility, made it very popular. Today, the largest single use for asbestos is as a reinforcing agent in cement products. A variety of lung diseases are associated with exposure to airborne asbestos. This has resulted in restricted use of asbestos and strong efforts to minimize exposure. Asbestos fibers, once disturbed, can remain airborne for long periods of time. These fibers are not necessarily able to be seen by the human eye. Although regulated limits have been established to protect employees, there is some debate whether a safe limit exists. Therefore, anyone working with asbestos shall make every effort to avoid exposure. The three distinct lung diseases associated with exposure to asbestos fibers are: asbestosis, lung cancer and mesothelioma. The length of time for development of disease varies among individuals from 2 - 20 years or more. Symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, fatigue, sickness. The process once started is irreversible. Studies have shown that asbestos workers who smoke experience at least a fifty fold increase in the incidence of lung cancer compared to non-smokers. Where there is to be asbestos maintenance or removal, employees and contractors working on behalf of the company shall abide by the applicable Codes of Practice and Guidelines for Asbestos under the Occupational Health and Safety Act. BACK CARE Your back is involved in every job you do - sitting, standing, walking, lifting, bending, reaching, running. Even when you are resting or sleeping, your back is on the job. What makes your back hurt Poor posture Slouching, rounded shoulders, one hip higher than the other. This causes muscle tension, stiffness, backaches, neck aches and fatigue. Lack of exercise The muscles that support your back need regular exercise to stretch them and keep them strong. Overweight A big stomach creates a pull on your back muscles and strains our abdominal muscles. February 2014 Page 2 SAFE WORK PRACTICES Stress Back sprains - Disc problems - Osteoarthritis - Worry can cause back muscles to tense up. You can stretch or tear parts of your back just by bending, lifting or reaching the wrong way. Sometimes a disc in your spine can get out of line and press on nerves in your back. This is often part of getting older. Use your back safely Stand easy - rest one foot on a low stool to support your lower back. Lift right - lift with leg muscles, not your back. Turn safely - turn by moving your feet, not your back Walk tall - keep your head up and your chest lifted Sit smart - pick a chair that supports your lower back. keep your feet flat on the floor and tuck your buttocks against the back of your chair Sleep tight - sleep on your back with a small pillow under your knees or on your side with your knees bent Lift - it right Get a firm footing Keep your back straight Center your body over your feet Pull the load close to you Grip with your whole hand Bend your knees and lift with your legs, not your back Move your feet to turn - don’t twist your back BACKING VEHICLES An unacceptable number of vehicles accidents occur when backing into an area. The implementation of these safe backing procedures will significantly increase safe driving practices. 1. If available, the driver will use a spotter when backing the vehicle. 2. The spotter will remain visible at all times to the driver. (Safety Vest) 3. The driver will obey the spotter directions. 4. In the event a spotter is unavailable, the driver will exit the vehicle and do a complete walk-around to ensure his route is unobstructed. BATTERIES - VEHICLE & EQUIPMENT 1. Batteries give off explosive gases. Never smoke around any batteries. 2. The electrolyte causes burns to the skin and is corrosive. 3. To remove a battery, begin by disconnecting the earth lead in order. To reduce the risk of sparks which can cause fire, always connect the earth lead last when fitting a battery. 4. Never tilt a battery in any direction, otherwise the battery electrolyte may leak out. 5. Do not connect a discharged battery in series with a fully charged one, otherwise the current surge can cause the batteries to explode. 6. Make sure that metal objects (such as tools, rings, watch straps etc.) do not come in contact with battery terminals. There is a risk of injury and fire. Always re-fit the pole stud and terminal protections to the batteries. 7. Batteries contain substances dangerous to the environment. They must therefore, when subject to disposal, be treated according to local and national regulations. 8. Because of current surge, the batteries may explode if a fully charged battery is connected to a discharged battery. Such an explosion can cause injuries February 2014 Page 3 SAFE WORK PRACTICES 9. During rapid charging of batteries, always remove the cell caps. When a battery is being charged, an explosive mixture of oxygen and hydrogen is formed. A short circuit, an open flame or a spark near the battery can cause a powerful explosion. Always turn off the charging current before disconnecting the charging clamps. Ventilate will, particularly if the battery is being charged in a confined space. 10. The battery electrolyte includes corrosive sulfuric acid. Any electrolyte that is spilled on the skin should be removed immediately. Wash with soap and plenty of water If electrolyte gets into your eyes, or any other sensitive part of the body, rinse off immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.tice made pursuant to the Occupational Health and Safety Act "Managing Asbestos in Buildings", Nova Scotia Department of Labour, July 1988 CELL PHONES The Shaw Group Limited has set the objective to assist employees to attain/maintain their potential level of health and safety in the workplace through health and safety education, accident and hazard prevention and promotion of personal health and safety. With the increased use of cell phones for the purpose of our business, it is necessary to set safety guidelines for the use of cell phones in vehicles. Blasting/Explosive Area To avoid interfering with blasting operations, turn your phone OFF when in a blasting area or in areas posted: “Turn off two-way radio” Obey all signs and instructions. Note: Turn your phone OFF when in any area with a potentially explosive atmosphere. These areas are not always, clearly marked. They include fueling areas such as gasoline stations; below deck on boats; fuel or chemical transfer or storage facilities; areas where fuel odors are present, i.e. if a gas/propane leak occurs in a car or home; areas where the air contains chemicals or particles, such as grain, dust or metal powders. Driving 1. Familiarize yourself with your cell phone and learn how to use while your vehicle is stationary. 2. Position your phone in a convenient place within easy reach. Learn to use it without looking at it so you can keep both eyes on the road. 3. If available install a hands-free device and use it instead of picking up the receiver. That way you’ll have both hands on the wheel and you’ll be able to react more quickly to unexpected situations. 4. DON’T dial while driving. Taking you eyes off the road even for a second is dangerous. Place your call at a traffic light, stop sign or pull off the road. Give full attention to driving-driving safely is your first responsibility. 5. Use the speed dial and re-dial features whenever possible. 6. Stressful or emotional conversations divert your attention from the road. Pull over, and finish your conversation or call back later. 7. Use you mobile message service to take your incoming calls when it’s unsafe to answer your phone. 8. Don’t try to take notes, make lists or look up phone numbers while driving. This may seem obvious, but there are many people who try to combine driving and working. Pacemakers It is recommended that a minimum separation of six (6”) be maintained between a handheld phone and a pacemaker to avoid potential interference with the pacemaker. Also do not carry the phone in a breast pocket and when using the phone, the earpiece should be at the opposite ear of the pacemaker. Note: Other medical devices may be affected by the use of a cellular phone. Consult the manufacturer of your device to determine if they are adequately shielded from external energy. Batteries All batteries can cause property damage, injury or burns if a conductive material, such as jewelry, keys or beaded chains, touches exposed terminals. The material may complete an electrical circuit and become quite hot. To protect against such unwanted current drain, exercise care in handling any charged battery, particularly when placing it inside your pocket, purse or other container with metal objects. When the battery is detached from the phone cover it with a protective cover. Aircraft FCC regulations prohibit using your phone while in the air. Switch OFF your phone before boarding an aircraft. Note: Turn your phone OFF in any facility where posted notices so require (ie - Hospitals). February 2014 Page 4 SAFE WORK PRACTICES CHAIN SAW AND POW ER TOOLS Chain Saw A Chain Saw must be equipped with certain safety features: 1. Chain brake 2. Throttle - control lock out 3. Handle vibration isolation 4. Safety chain 5. Rear hand guard 6. Chain catcher Before you start a chain saw, check these features. The Chain brake must prevent the chain from moving once the brake is applied and the throttle opening from idle to maximum. Saws must not be operated unless this standard is met. Throttle - control lock out - The throttle control lock out must prevent the throttle from being open when only the throttle trigger is pressed. Handle Vibration Isolation - All rubber mount or devices used to reduce vibration must be on the chain saw, in good condition and not loose. Safety Chain - The saw chain must either include safety devices or be designed to prevent kick back. Filing Techniques - Safety devices can be made ineffective with improper filing or poor maintenance. You can prevent this from happening by using the follow procedures. Keep at least 10% of the file above the top plate of the cutting tooth when filing. Less than 10% will mean that you are filing a hook in your chain. Maintain the manufacturer's top plate cutting angle. Use the correct file size. Your depth gauge must not be lower than .0127 cm (0.005 in) from the manufacturer's specification. Use a filing gauge when filing the cutters and a depth gauge jointer when filing the depth gauges. Never file down or modify a safety link designed to prevent kick-back. Your chain should not be loose on the guide bar. For proper tension, make sure the tie straps of the chain are in contact with the bar rails on the bottom of the guide bar. February 2014 Page 5 SAFE WORK PRACTICES The rear hand guard is installed under the rear handle. It is designed to prevent the chain from whip lashing around the operator's hand if the chain breaks or leaves the guide bar. The chain catcher is installed on the body of the saw below and ahead of the drive sprocket. It is designed to prevent the chain from whip lashing should the chain break or leave the guide bar. When starting a cold chain saw, hold the front handle on the ground or against a solid object that is below your waist level with your right hand and pull the starter cord with the left hand. The saw may be started in any comfortable position provided the chain brake is on to prevent the chain from turning. When operating a chain saw, hold the saw firmly with both hands. Place your thumb under the front handle, this reduces the chance that the saw will be wrenched from your hands if a kick back occurs. Never use the upper half of the guide bore tip to limb, brick or start a felling or boring cut. If you use this part of the bore, the cutters will hook the wood and the saw will kick back. Kick back will be significantly reduced by using a low profile chain on a slim line bar. Make sure the saw is switched to the off position or the chain brake is engaged when you carry the saw. Don't carry it on your shoulder unless the chain is guarded and the guard is firmly secured to the saw. Do not refuel the saw while the engine is running. Move the chain saw at least 3m (10 feet) from the place where you refueled it before starting. Clothing worn when operating a chain saw: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hard hat, Hearing protection, Face screen, safety goggles or safety spectacles, Leg protection that is chain saw cut resistant, Boots with CSA Class A steel toe caps. February 2014 Page 6 SAFE WORK PRACTICES BASIC ELECTRICAL SAFETY (F01) February 2014 Page 7 SAFE WORK PRACTICES ERGONOMICS OF TOOL DESIGN (F02) February 2014 Page 8 SAFE WORK PRACTICES DRILLS (F03) February 2014 Page 9 SAFE WORK PRACTICES BELT SANDERS (F04) February 2014 Page 10 SAFE WORK PRACTICES SABRE SAW S, JIG SAW S & RECIPROCATING SAW S (F05) February 2014 Page 11 SAFE WORK PRACTICES CIRCULAR SAW S (F06) February 2014 Page 12 SAFE WORK PRACTICES PLANERS (F07) February 2014 Page 13 SAFE WORK PRACTICES ROUTERS (F08) February 2014 Page 14 SAFE WORK PRACTICES EXPLOSIVE ACTUATED FASTENING TOOLS (F09) February 2014 Page 15 SAFE WORK PRACTICES PNEUMATIC NAILING & STAPLING TOOLS (F10) February 2014 Page 16 SAFE WORK PRACTICES AIR POW ERED (F11) February 2014 Page 17 SAFE WORK PRACTICES CLEANING SOLVENTS AND FLAMMABLES Cleaning solvents are used in the day-to-day construction work to clean tools and equipment. Special care must be taken to protect the worker from hazards which may be created for the use of these liquids. Whenever possible, solvents should be non-flammable and non-toxic. The Supervisor/Foreman must be aware of all solvents/flammables that are used on the job, and be sure that all workers who use these materials have been instructed in their proper use and any hazard they pose. The following instructions or rules apply when solvents/flammable are used: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Use non-flammable solvents for general cleaning; When flammable liquids are used, make sure that no hot work is permitted in the area; Store flammables and solvents in special storage areas; Check toxic hazards of all solvents in special storage areas; Provide adequate ventilation where all solvents and flammables are being used. Use goggles or face shields to protect the face and eyes from splashes or sprays. Use rubber gloves to protect your hands. Wear protective clothing to prevent contamination of worker’s clothes. When breathing hazards exist, use the appropriate respiratory protection. Never leave solvents in open tubs or vats, return them to storage drums or tanks. Ensure that proper containers are used for transportation, storage, and field use of solvents/flammables. 12. Where solvents are controlled products, ensure all employees, using or in the vicinity of use or storage, are trained and certified in the W orkplace Hazardous Materials Information System. Ensure all W HMIS requirements are met. COMPRESSED AIR Air powered tools in construction range from stapling guns to jack hammers. If not treated with respect, these tools can become a powerful enemy rather than a servant. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Compressed air must not be used to blow debris or to clear dirt from any worker’s clothes. All hose connectors must be of the quick disconnect pressure release type. Wear personal protective equipment such as eye protection and face shields and ensure other workers in the area are made aware of or have restricted access to the hazard area. Hoses must be checked on a regular basis for cuts, bulges, or other damage. Ensure that defective hoses are repaired or replaced. A proper pressure regulator and relief device must be in the system to ensure that correct desired pressures are maintained. The correct air supply hoses must be used for the tool/equipment being used. The equipment must be properly maintained according to the manufacturers requirements. Follow manufacturer’s general constructions and comply with legislated safety requirements. CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROCEDURE This procedure meets or exceeds the regulations for Confined Space Entry under the Occupational Health & Safety Act/Regulations. A "confined space" refers to an enclosure, or partial enclosure, having restricted means of entry and exit, or that is or may become hazardous because of its design, construction, location, materials, atmosphere or substance. Confined spaces include tank cars, tanks, pits, vats, vaults, bins, silos, storage tanks, ship's holds, sewers, ducts, tunnels, pipelines and pits. All confined spaces are considered immediately dangerous to life or health (IDLH) unless proven otherwise. February 2014 Page 18 SAFE WORK PRACTICES It is the Supervisor's and employee's responsibility to ensure that safe working conditions in or around a confined space are maintained. However, always assume a hazard exists. It is the responsibility of any worker who must work in or around a confined space to follow this procedure. Hazards encountered in a confined space are: - oxygen deficiency or enrichment - toxic vapors of gases - temperature extremes - electricity (including static) - moving parts - slips and falls - hazardous chemicals - flammable liquids or gases - noise Before any work is allowed in a confined space, that space must be made safe for entry and for the duration of the work. All existing and potential hazards must be eliminated. Smoking is not permitted in any confined space at any time. The Following Procedure Must Be Carried Out In This Sequence: 1. Isolation - All lines connected to tanks must be disconnected and blanked off. Supply lines must be physically disconnected or blanked off by flanges placed in the lines. The Supervisor must check to see that this is done before anyone enters the confined space. 2. Lockout - Line disconnect switches or controls supplying power to any mechanical apparatus in the space such as mixes, conveyors, etc., must be tagged and locked in the "off" position by the person who will be entering the confined space. The key for the lock is kept by the person who placed the lock and only that person is authorized to unlock the switch and remove the tag upon completion of the job. Where more than one individual will enter the confined space, each will place their own lock and tag. Removal of fuses is encouraged. 3. Cleaning, Purging and Ventilation - Once the confined space is isolated, it must be cleaned, purged and ventilated. Purging should be done into the outside air. The extent of these three procedures depends on the nature of the material in the space, the level of residue, amount of scale buildup on the inside walls, the size and location of manholes, batches and vents. Confined spaces must be cleaned of all sediment, sludge or residue since even small amounts can create lethal quantities of hazardous gases or vapors. The confined space must be ventilated with fresh air prior to entry. Confined spaces must be ventilated by either natural or mechanical means but the effectiveness of natural ventilation method is unreliable. After the confined space has been cleaned, purged and ventilated, the atmosphere shall be retested for oxygen level, combustibility and toxicity. If the tests still show positive for any hazard, further cleaning, purging and ventilation may be required. Atmospheric Testing Testing of the atmosphere prior to and during confined space entry shall be done. No entry to the confined space shall be made when: 1. Explosive readings are above zero. 2. Oxygen readings are less than 19.5% or more than 22.5%. 3. Toxic vapors or fumes above the safe threshold limit values are present (ACGIH). Ventilation Confined spaces shall be ventilated either by natural or mechanical means. February 2014 Page 19 SAFE WORK PRACTICES Personal Protective Equipment Those working inside a confined space must wear proper protective equipment. This equipment varies with the work to be performed and the type of atmosphere present. The equipment may include an approved respiratory protection device, protective clothing and approved chemical goggles, hard hats, gloves and safety shoes, and a full body harness and attached life line where reasonable. Where the atmosphere of a confined space cannot be guaranteed because oxygen readings are less than 19.5% or toxic gases, vapor fumes are present, self-contained breathing apparatus shall be worn during the complete duration of entry. The approved self-contained breathing apparatus are: 1. Self-contained Scott Air Pak - Pressure/Demand - 30 minute duration with alarm at 4 minutes of air remaining. 2. Supplied air - high pressure - Pressure/Demand approximately 6 hours duration with one person on 300 CF cylinder set at 750 PSI at the regulator. Cylinders of oxygen or other gases shall not be taken into confined spaces. This does not apply to breathing equipment. Protective clothing and respiratory equipment shall not be used as substitutes for proper cleaning and job preparation. Employees working in sewers should launder coveralls frequently. Rubberized cotton gloves provide good hand protection. In wet places, boots or rubber overshoes protect against dampness and infection. Emergency and Rescue Emergency rescues from confined spaces are accomplished by a rescue team consisting generally of at least two persons - an observer and a rescuer. The observer is equipped with a means of summoning assistance and remains stationed near the entrance of the confined space. The rescuer equipped with suitable protective equipment (ie - self contained breathing apparatus) goes down into the space to recover the casualty. The observer shall always be physically connected to the rescuer inside by a lifeline and harness assembly and they shall be able to communicate with each other. The observer shall hold a standard First Aid Certificate and CPR Certificate. The rescue team must be capable of bringing out any worker affected and may therefore require block and tackle, safety harness, rope, etc. The free end of the lifeline attached to the harness should be secured outside the enclosed space. It should be under the control of the observer who will keep the rescuer inside under observation at all times. The observer should be trained in first aid and in the administration of artificial resuscitation. Suitable reviving apparatus should always be readily available at the worksite. A portable emergency alarm shall be within reach of the person attending the lifeline. The alarm should be capable of operating automatically after being triggered and must be capable of alerting the nearest source of help. If the inside worker fails to answer the observer or seems to be behaving strangely, or if the alarm sounds on the monitor in the space, the outside worker must shout loudly to the inside worker to get out. If there is no response, the outside worker should begin pulling the person up by the harness. If for some reason someone in the confined space is in trouble and is not attached to a harness, or is attached to a harness but is stuck, the outside worker must not jump in to rescue. Whatever it is that overcame the person in trouble is just as likely to overcome the person jumping in! The rescuer must don a supplied-air breathing apparatus and another person should assume the observer position outside the confined space. Rescue training is absolutely necessary. February 2014 Page 20 SAFE WORK PRACTICES Electrical Equipment All electrical equipment used in confined spaces must be visually checked and tested for continuity immediately prior to the entry. Where there is a hazard of electrical shock in a confined space, electrical equipment taken into a confined space is bonded to ground and not exceeding 30V and 100V-amps or battery operated, double insulated or equipped with a ground fault circuit interruptor of a Class A type. All other electrical equipment shall be grounded. All electrical equipment used in confined spaces where flammable gases, fumes, vapors or dust or where the possibility of flammable gases, fumes, vapors or dust exists, must be explosion proof. All plugs and receptacles shall be located outside the confined space. Where electrical lighting is used within the confined space, the worker(s) and guard shall have an explosion-proof flashlight for emergency escape if power source is lost. Training and Supervision The employer must ensure that the workforce has been trained of the following: - potential health hazards of working in confined spaces - proper procedures and precautions required for entry - pre-entry procedures such as lockouts, blanking of supply lines, atmospheric testing - use, maintenance and limitations of protective equipment - proper rescue and emergency procedure This training must be provided every two years for entry and every year for employees undertaking rescue operations. Work Permits Confined space entries must be planned entries. Work permits shall be completed for all confined space entry work prior to entry. The supervisor must maintain a copy at the workplace. Such work permits should specify the conditions for safe entry. Work permits should be obtained separately for each specific job, location, person and time. Permits shall not be carried from one shift to the next. A copy of the permit is given to the worker in the confined space. Work permits are made available at the worksite by the Plant Superintendent. The work permit shall be kept on file for one calendar year from the date of the confined space entry (sample follows). February 2014 Page 21 SAFE WORK PRACTICES W ORK PERMIT February 2014 Page 22 SAFE WORK PRACTICES PROCEDURAL OUTLINES FOR ENTERING MANHOLES Before planning entry into a manhole, the person in charge of the work operation must ensure that the necessary protective clothing, equipment and devices are available and workers are properly trained in their use and care. In addition, workers must be made aware of potential health and safety hazards associated with manhole entry. Every precaution reasonable in the circumstances shall be taken for the protection of a worker. 1. Barricade manhole, set up warning signs at a suitable distance on each side of the manhole and place a cage or guard around it; detour street traffic if necessary. 2. Where possible, test the manhole for explosive gases or vapors without removing the manhole cover. 3. Lift the manhole cover with a suitably designed hook made to fit a lifting notch in the cover. 4. Test the entire manhole air space volume for oxygen deficiency and hazardous gases or vapors. If for any reason air testing cannot be done reliably, the manhole space in question must be considered immediately dangerous to life or health and appropriate and adequate hazard control precautions, consisting of forced mechanical ventilation and respiratory protection be taken. 5. Ventilate the entire manhole air space with a blower (capacity approximately 800 cfm) and a hose for at least 20 minutes before entering the space. The blowers air intake must be placed in a position remote from vehicle exhaust pipes and traffic areas to ensure that the supply air remains contaminant free. Maintain ventilation until work is finished. 6. Wear appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment, such as coveralls, gloves, non-slip safety boots, hard hat, safety glasses, body harness and life line; where applicable, the equipment should be CSA approved. 7. The life line, attached to the body harness of the worker entering the manhole, shall be tended at all times by another person outside the manhole. As a rule, there must be at least two men at the top when one goes below, although with commercially available proper loading arresting and control descent systems, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, one person may be sufficient; however, these systems should be field tested for load strength and smooth operation. This is applicable to manholes 6 feet and deeper. 8. If it is not feasible to ventilate the sewer space effectively, the worker shall be provided with a self contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) of known service life. In the case of very narrow manholes where SCBA cannot be used, the worker shall use a pressure demand mode air line respirator equipped preferably with an emergency escape device. The breathing air for the respirators shall be contaminant free and conform to the CSA Standard. 9. The standby observers stationed outside the manhole must maintain communication with the person inside and be properly trained and equipped to immediately pull him out in an emergency. 10. One of the standby observers shall be trained in rescue, first aid and in the administration of artificial resuscitation. For rescue purposes, a self contained breathing apparatus must also be conveniently located outside, together with a safety harness and a life line. 11. The standby observer stationed outside the manhole must be equipped with a suitable emergency alarm system or a two way communication device capable of alerting the nearest source of help. 12. When it is reasonable to expect, an entry permit in writing must be obtained from Supervisor before entry is permitted into a manhole. 13. When testing the manhole air space, the worksite Supervisor must ensure that air testing is carried out by a competent person. February 2014 Page 23 SAFE WORK PRACTICES NOTE: The above mentioned procedural outlines must be followed with caution and be considered as minimum requirements to assure safe and healthful working conditions. They have been abstracted from a previously prepared Occupational Health Division's draft document on "Recommended Work Practices for Avoiding Sewer Entry Hazards". For more detailed information on the subject, refer to this document and other confined space entry manuals or codes, published by reputable regulatory agencies. Effects of Oxygen Deficiency Stage % 02 at 101.3 kPa Partial Pressure of 02 in Arterial Blood (kPa) Partial Pressure of 02 in Lung (kPa) 0 21 13.3 18.7 Normal. 1 16 10.0 15.2 Increased pulse and breathing rates; some unco-ordination; some impairment in attention and thinking 2 14 8.0 13.3 Abnormal fatigue upon exertion; emotional upset; faulty coordination; impaired judgement. 3 12 6.3 11.3 Very poor judgement and coordination; impaired respiration that may cause permanent heart damage, vomiting, and nausea. 4 Less than 10 Less than 4.4 Less than 9.5 Nausea; vomiting; inability to perform vigorous movement; loss of consciousness, convulsions; and death Effects Note: The foregoing table suggests that oxygen deficiency immediately dangerous to life and health is expected when the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is reduced below 8 kPa. this type of 02 deficiency usually results from a reduction in the oxygen partial pressure of inspired air and is known as hypoxic or arterial hypoxia. It should be clearly understood that oxygen deficiency may also occur as a result of anemic hypoxia or histotoxic hypoxia as described in Clauses J1.3 and J1.4. Taken from CSA Z94.4 - M1982 Selection, Care & Use of Respirators February 2014 Page 24 SAFE WORK PRACTICES CONVEYOR SAFETY All drive belts and pulleys must be shielded with a proper guard. When working on any part of a conveyor, all power to motors must be turned off and be locked out, plus, lock out key is to be held by person that is doing the maintenance. This is to ensure that any accidental switching on of power does not occur. All conveyors must have safety cables. These cables are installed so power can be cut off to motors in case of an accident. Never jump on, reach over, or step over a conveyor while it is running. Work on conveyors will not be done unless the conveyor is properly locked out. Overhead conveyors that need to be maintained on a regular basis must have safe access. It should be part of maintenance to do regular checks on belts, pulleys, motors, guards and safety cables, etc., to ensure they are in proper working order and satisfactory condition. Always wear approved safety gear while working on or around conveyors and all other types of machinery. Bracelets, neck chains, long hair (shoulder length) and other loose jewellery or clothing are not permitted while working in close proximity to an operating conveyor. Loose jewellery must be removed and long hair must be tied back and placed inside hardhat. Ponytails are not permitted below hard hat. Where a conveyor is installed at a height that may result in falling objects causing injury to a person, an employer shall ensure that it is equipped with guards or other adequate protection to prevent the material from falling to the workplace below or place an adequate barrier to prevent persons from being under the conveyor while it is running. Where the rollback of the load or belt creates a hazard to a person at the workplace, an anti-rollback device must be installed on a conveyor that carries a load up an incline. February 2014 Page 25 SAFE WORK PRACTICES CRANE AND HOIST HAND SIGNALS (B01) February 2014 Page 26 SAFE WORK PRACTICES COMMON HAND SIGNALS (B02) February 2014 Page 27 SAFE WORK PRACTICES VERTICAL, CHOKER AND TURNING SLING HITCHES (B03) February 2014 Page 28 SAFE WORK PRACTICES BASKET AND BRIDLE SLING HITCHES (B04) February 2014 Page 29 SAFE WORK PRACTICES SYNTHETIC W EB SLINGS (B05) February 2014 Page 30 SAFE WORK PRACTICES HOIST W IRE ROPE (B06) February 2014 Page 31 SAFE WORK PRACTICES W IRE ROPE SLINGS (B07) February 2014 Page 32 SAFE WORK PRACTICES CHAIN SLINGS (B08) February 2014 Page 33 SAFE WORK PRACTICES SLINGING ONTO OVERHEAD CRANE HOOKS (B09) February 2014 Page 34 SAFE WORK PRACTICES OVERHEAD CRANE OPERATION (B10) February 2014 Page 35 SAFE WORK PRACTICES CRANE PRE-OPERATION INSPECTION (B11) February 2014 Page 36 SAFE WORK PRACTICES CRANE MAINTENANCE (B12) February 2014 Page 37 SAFE WORK PRACTICES USE OF MATERIALS HOISTS (B13) February 2014 Page 38 SAFE WORK PRACTICES PLATE CLAMP INSPECTION (B14) February 2014 Page 39 SAFE WORK PRACTICES USE OF PLATE CLAMPS (B15) February 2014 Page 40 SAFE WORK PRACTICES LIFTING W ITH EYE BOLTS (B16) February 2014 Page 41 SAFE WORK PRACTICES USE OF SHACKLES (B17) February 2014 Page 42 SAFE WORK PRACTICES W IRE ROPE SLING MECHANICALLY SPLICED February 2014 Page 43 SAFE WORK PRACTICES GRADE 80 ALLOY CHAIN SLINGS February 2014 Page 44 SAFE WORK PRACTICES COLOR CONTROL POLICY - SLINGS Shop (Vaughn) Record of Filed Inventory (Vaughn) Ordering: W.R. Chain 3/8 3/8 1/2 1/2 5/8 3/4 3/4 1 Inspection, Coding & Building (Vaughn, Jim) Pipe Plant Maintenance Inspection Building Coding (Report to Shop for filing any new slings built) Code: Flourescent Orange 1/4 Yellow 3/8 Green 1/2 Orange 5/8 Red 3/4 Blue 7/8 Aluminum 1 February 2014 Page 45 SAFE WORK PRACTICES ELECTRICAL SAFETY With electricity, we are dealing with something that cannot be seen and is still the most useful power controlled by man. It is useful but can be a very destructive power to both man and material if the proper precautions are not taken. The danger is always there and we must know what means of protection can be used to eliminate the hazards. All electrical work must be carried out according to the applicable Legislation. Temporary Electrical Installations ONLY qualified and competent employees shall be allowed to perform any kind of electrical work. Job Foremen have the responsibility of making certain that electricians have been provided with and use the proper protective equipment. General Precautions: 1. Do not overload circuits. 2. Use proper size wire for amps to be carried and also for grounding. 3. All circuits must be fused or circuit breakers installed to give adequate protection. 4. Wire must be protected form vehicle traffic. 5. Temporary wiring must not be hung over nails, rebar or other metal objects. 6. Periodic inspections should be made of all temporary electrical systems to ensure they are all in a safe condition. 7. If a circuit is de-energized for any reason, tag and/or lock it “out of service” until it can be safely returned to service. 8. Wherever possible, an electric line should be de-energized before work is done on it no matter how small the voltage. Only qualified persons should do such work. 9. When working in or on energized substations, transmission lines, power plants, etc., use every safeguard necessary. 10. Employees doing electrical work should wear approved electrical hard hats as well as other equipment. 11. Do not carry material on your shoulders or in your arms while working around energized equipment. 12. Ground all electrical equipment and circuits. 13. All electrical equipment must meet Provincial Regulation and must be CSA approved. 14. All equipment must maintain the proper distances from power lines. Minimum Distance Voltage Distance 750 volts, up to 69,000 volts 69,000 volts, up to 138,000 volts 138,000 volts and over 3 Meters (10 ft.) 5 Meters 6 Meters (20 ft.) Know the hazards of electricity. It will help prevent injuries or even death! February 2014 Page 46 SAFE WORK PRACTICES EXCAVATIONS General 1. Prior to commencing an excavation, a hazard assessment should be done to determine the possibility of underground services or other hazards which may be present. 2. Employees shall not enter an excavation or trench that is greater than 1.2 meters (4 feet) deep, unless: (a) The walls are sloped on a 1 foot vertical rise to a 1 foot vertical run. (b) Employees do not enter within the horizontal distance of the walls of the excavation or trench that is equal to the height of the walls. (c) The excavation or trench is cut in solid rock. (d) A professional engineer has certified, in writing, that the walls of an excavation or trench are stable and that there is no hazard to a person within the walls of the excavation or trench. 3. Excavated material shall be kept at least 1 meter (3 feet) away from the edge of an excavation or trench. 4. A ladder is provided every 15 meters (50 feet) in an excavation or trench that is greater than 1.2 meters (4 feet) deep. The ladder shall also extend to a least 1 meter (3 feet) above the excavation or trench unless there is another suitable means of access or egress. 5. Adequate precautions to prevent unauthorized access to an excavation or trench shall be taken when these are required to be left open. Note: Cave-in’s do occur, the injuries are generally serious and often the result is death. EXTREME TEMPERATURE (COLD) The human body senses and compensates for temperature changes. When the body reaches its compensation limit, other procedures must be instigated such as protective clothing, altered work procedures, etc. Hypothermia results when the body continues to lose heat. Involuntary shivers begin. This is the body’s way of attempting to produce more heat and it is usually the first warning sign of hypothermia. Many cases of exposure have occurred in temperatures well above freezing. How cold the body gets depends on many factors, not just air temperature. Heat loss from convection is probably the greatest and most deceptive factor in loss of body heat. When the air is still and the temperature is minus 1 oC the body will feel cool. Given the same temperature and a wind of 40 km/hr, it will feel bitterly cold. In essence the wind blows away the thin layer of air that acts as an insulator between the skin and the outside air temperature. The wind chill index is probably the best known and most used of cold-stress indices. The wind chill index should be consulted by everyone facing exposure to low temperature and wind. February 2014 Page 47 SAFE WORK PRACTICES EXTREME TEMPERATURE (HOT) Extreme Heat has a significant impact on a worker’s performance.. Performing physical activity in extreme heat can quickly cause dehydration, exhaustion and heat stroke. All personnel must be constantly aware of the effect that extreme heat has and take safety precautions to avoid injury. The following practices can be utilized when working in these conditions. 1. More frequent rest breaks. Lunch in a shaded area if possible. Supervisory staff must ensure that employees take full advantage of breaks. 2. Increased amount of drinkable water which is easily accessible. 3. Increase monitoring of work sites by supervisory staff. 4. Use of tinted glasses or sunglasses to relieve eye strain from the sun. Note - CSA approved safety glasses are available with tinted lenses. 5. Use lotion or sun block to avoid sunburn. First Aid Information 1. Heat Cramps are painful muscle spasms of legs and abdominal muscles that occur with vigorous exercise and prolonged sweating in a hot environment. Treatment: Place the casualty at rest in a cool place. Give conscious casualty slightly salted water and it may be repeated once in 10 min. 2. Heat Exhaustion occurs when excessive sweating causes a depletion of body fluids and when conditions prevent the evaporation of sweat to cool the body. Treatment: Place the casualty in a cool place with feet and legs elevated. Remove excessive clothing. Give conscious casualty slightly salted water. Place in recovery position. Monitor breathing. Transport to Medical Facility. 3. Heatstroke occurs when there is prolonged exposure to a very hot environment with poor ventilation or overexposure to the hot sun. Sweating ceases, temperature rises rapidly, and can be fatal unless the body temperature can be lowered to near normal. High body temperature and hot, dry skin indicate heatstroke. Treatment: Place casualty in a cool place. Remove excess clothing. Place person in a cool bath or sponge with cold water. Monitor body temperature and breathing closely. Transport to medical facility in cool conveyance. FIRE & THE USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS Good housekeeping is essential in the prevention of fires. Fires can start anywhere and at any time. This is why it is important to know which fire extinguisher to use and how to use it. Always keep fire extinguishers visible and easy to get at. Fire extinguishers have to be properly maintained to do the job. Where temperature is a factor, ensure that care is taken in selecting the right extinguisher. Types of Fires: Class A: February 2014 These fires consist of wood, paper, rags, rubbish, and other ordinary combustible materials. Recommended Extinguishers: - Water from a hose, pump-type water can or pressure extinguisher, and soda acid extinguishers. Fighting the Fire: - ABC units, dry chemical, foam, and carbon dioxide extinguishers. Page 48 SAFE WORK PRACTICES Class B: Flammable liquids, oil, and grease Recommended Extinguishers: - ABC units, dry chemical, foam, and carbon dioxide. Fighting the Fire: - Start at the base of the fire and use a swinging motion from left to right, always keeping the fire in front of you. Class C: Electrical Equipment Recommended Extinguishers - Carbon dioxide and dry chemical (ABC units) extinguishers. Fighting the Fire: - Use short bursts on the fire. When the electrical current is shut off on a Class C fire, it can become a Class A fire if the materials around the electrical fire are ignited. KNOW YOUR EXTINGUISHERS NOTE: All extinguishers require annual servicing or servicing after use Type of Extinguisher A Ordinary Combustible * Wood * Paper * Cloth * etc. Type of Fire B Flammable Liquids * Gasoline * Oil based Paint *Oils, etc. Range Water Tank Water How to Operate C Electrical Equipment * Motor * Switches * Cords * etc. Place foot on footrest, pump handle, and direct steam at base of fire YES NO NO 9m to 12m See Below Stored Pressure CO2 NO YES if classification rating is greater than 1 A Halon YES YES 1m to 1.5m YES YES 2.5 m to 4.5m Ordinary Dry Chemical MultiPurpose February 2014 1.5m to 6m NO YES Pull pin, rupture cartridge, if applicable. Squeeze nozzle to release agent. Direct discharge at base of flames in a sweeping motion. Then direct it gradually forward or remaining material that is burning. YES 5m to 7.5m Page 49 SAFE WORK PRACTICES FIRE PREVENTION & PROTECTION The employer shall provide and properly maintain means of exit that are convenient to and having easy passage in all areas likely to be used. The means of exit shall never be obstructed. Everyone must practice fire prevention. Fire can cause damage, down time, jobs, injury and even death. Escape procedures should be developed at the plant level. If you see a fire and have the slightest doubt as to your ability to control it with the equipment available, call the local Fire Department. Report all fire hazards to your Supervisor. One must recognize the type of fire, the severity and how to control it. Fires generate extreme heat and poisonous gasses. Most injuries and deaths are attributed to smoke inhalation. Know all exits in buildings. SMOKING Certain locations within the plants contain potential fire hazards and have been designated as "NO SMOKING" areas. It is your responsibility to know these locations and comply with the "NO SMOKING" rules. Persons involved in welding and cutting shall not carry disposable lighters. FLAMMABLE & COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS & MATERIALS Keep oily, greasy, paint saturated rags, etc. in metal containers with covers and marked RAGS. Containers should be painted RED. Store flammable liquids in approved properly marked containers and put them in their proper area. Propane and gasoline, etc. are to be stored outside in a compound. Never pour flammable liquids into sewers or drains. When refueling a vehicle or machine, TURN THE ENGINE OFF. Do not leave vehicle or machine unattended when refueling. Automatic fuel nozzles do not always shut off, you could have a spill to clean up which is costly and hazardous to the environment. FIRE EQUIPMENT AND FIRE PREVENTION Become familiar with the location of all fire fighting equipment. Learn to recognize and operate the various fire extinguishers available. Each plant or work location shall have appropriate fire protection procedures and equipment. Know the three classes of fires and how to extinguish them: Type Class A Class B Example Wood, paper, rags, etc. Oil, grease, Gasoline, paint, etc. Class C Live electrical equipment Extinguisher To Use Water, Soda Acid or Dry Chemical Dry Chemical, Carbon Dioxide or foam (not water) Dry Chemical Carbon Dioxide (not water or foam) Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet in your work area to thoroughly understand how your fire extinguisher should be handled. February 2014 Page 50 SAFE WORK PRACTICES GENERAL OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS - P.P.P.S. P - P Pull the pin at the top of the extinguisher that keeps the handle from being pressed. Break the plastic or thin wire inspection band. Point the nozzle or outlet toward the fire. Some hose assemblies are clipped to the extinguisher body. Release it and point to base of fire. P - Press the handle above the carrying handle to discharge the agent inside. The handle can be released to stop the discharge at any time. S - Sweep the nozzle back and forth at the base of the flames to disperse extinguishing agent. After the fire is out, probe for remaining smoldering hot spots or possible reflash of flammable liquids. Make sure fire is out. Promptly report to your Supervisor the partial or complete discharge of a fire extinguisher. Fire extinguishers are to be inspected, and this noted on an affixed tag, every six months by authorized people. Once the seal is broken on extinguisher it shall be taken out of service or replaced by one which is fully charged. The extinguisher shall be labeled that it is not to be used. The most commonly used extinguishers are the 20 lb. (9 kg) dry chemical and carbon dioxide with a stream reaching 5 - 20 ft. (2 - 6 meters). Discharge time is 10 - 25 seconds. Needs no protection from freezing. All exits and fire equipment shall be kept visible and free of obstructions. Do not pile or lean materials or other objects against fire extinguishers; fire hoses, fire doors, or in the fire door exit openings. IN CASE OF FIRE 1. Use the fire extinguishers strategically located throughout the plant. 2. All employees should be warned and your Supervisor immediately notified. 3. If it is obvious that a general alarm should be given, make certain the fire department is called. For further information, refer to the Industrial Safety Regulations on Fire Protection under the Occupational Health & Safety Act. FIRST AID Nova Scotia adopted new First Aid Regulations in January 1996 and are available for review, along with other Occupational Health & Safety Regulations at The Shaw Group Limited. February 2014 Page 51 SAFE WORK PRACTICES While The Shaw Group Health & Safety Program focuses on prevention of injuries, workers will get scrapes/cuts, or perhaps a more serious injury, which requires first aid treatment. A record must be kept regarding the treatment provided and the supplies used and will be part of every first aid kit. If you do not visit the first aid Center, Treatment should be administered by a qualified first aider to ensure proper care and record keeping. This record is important as it may be the only evidence to establish a WCB claim if the injury becomes more serious in the future. Anyone wishing to take first aid training should contact their Supervisor/Foreman. Training will be arranged through The Shaw Group Management. FORESTRY SAFETY Employees and contractors employed by the company who are involved in forestry work as part of their employment shall follow the contents of the Manual "The Professional At Work In Nova Scotia Forests" (N.S. Department of Labour, 1984) which pursuant to Section 41(1) of the Occupational Health and Safety Act is adopted as a Code of Practice in Nova Scotia. The Code of Practice requires that: 1. The operator of any piece of equipment know how to operate it safely and can recognize defects or unsafe conditions. 2. A periodic visual check is made of any employee working under hazardous conditions who might not be able to get immediate help should an injury occur. Checks shall be made at a minimum of two hour intervals. 3. Chain saw operators do not work in an operating area unless another employee is in the same area. 4. All personal protective clothing worn shall be CSA approved. Refer to Code of Practice for lists of required protective clothing. 5. An employee working in an area where the sound level is above 85 decibels shall wear hearing protection CSA Class A or B. As a rule, all saws and mobile equipment used in forest operations create exposure to this level of sound (refer to procedure for hearing protection). 6. Each forest operation shall have adequate first aid supplies, a means of transporting injured workers on a stretcher, and a qualified first aider at the job site. 7. Refer to the code of Practice for further information on: - Operation of chain saw - Standards for mobile equipment - Correct logging procedures - Wood roads FORKLIFT AND LOADER SAFETY Safety is an important consideration in operating a forklift. When operating a forklift, the following correct operating procedure shall be carried out: 1. Only properly trained and authorized drivers should operate forklift trucks Forklift operators must show competency by going through a training program. 2. Hardhats Hardhats are required to be worn in all forklifts and loaders. 3. Before starting work, check the condition of the forklift truck February 2014 Page 52 SAFE WORK PRACTICES Stop and think safety before starting the day's work. No truck should be operated unless it is in good working condition. Refuse to operate a forklift truck which is in your opinion unsafe. Trucks should be inspected daily. 4. Immediately report to your Supervisor any obvious defects or required repairs A defective forklift truck or one requiring repair should be taken out of service until it has been restored to safe operating condition. These problems may include a leak in the fuel system, overheating of the truck or parts, and other problems that pose some kind of danger. Do not operate any forklift truck until it has been completely repaired. Remember, safe handling begins with a safe forklift truck. Report all accidents involving personnel, building structures and equipment. 5. Don't Overload Check load weights and handle only within the rated capacity of your forklift truck. Before picking up a load, be sure of how much it weighs and where its load centre is located. Safe operation requires understanding and observing the forklift truck's rated load capacity. 6. Always use the proper size pallet Check the condition and safe loading capacity of the pallet. The sudden collapse of block stacking often results from a faulty pallet. 7. Set the forks to a maximum possible width Before picking up a load, make sure that the forks are as wide apart as the pallet or load will allow. Wide fork spacing keeps the load stable. 8. Watch for loose loads Handle only stable, safely arranged loads. If a load presents a hazard, use a safety guard such as an overhead guard or a vertical load backrest extension. When using a safety guard or any other attachment, take care in securing, manipulating, positioning and transporting the load. When operating the trucks equipped with attachment, operate as if partially loaded even when not handling a load. 9. Position loads evenly on the forks for proper balance When handling wide loads, or off-centre loads that cannot be centered, operate with caution to prevent tipping over the forklift truck. Also, use caution when handling long length of bar stock, lumber, etc. Any load that may affect your truck's capacity, especially long or high loads, should be adjusted. 10. Never elevate a load with the forklift truck on an incline When on an incline always watch the condition of the surface. When operating on an incline with the load lifted high, just a slight bump or hole in the floor would be enough to overturn the forklift truck, and the tilting operation would affect the balance. 11. Do not permit anyone to stand between elevated forks Never stand or pass, or permit anyone else to stand or pass, under the elevated forks, whether empty or loaded. 12. Keep hands and feet out of the mast assembly Never reach through the mast assembly for ANY reason. Just one small mistake could result in serious injury. 13. Always use the load backrest extension and overhead guard for high stacking Be especially alert for falling objects when high stacking. Make sure no loose articles are lying on top of the load. The overhead guard will offer some protection from falling objects, but it cannot withstand the impact of a massive load. 14. Do not elevate the load with the mast tilted forward The mast should always be vertical or tilted backward when lifting a load, never tilt forward beyond the vertical. An elevated load may be tilted forward only when putting it on the stack or directly over February 2014 Page 53 SAFE WORK PRACTICES the unloading area. Completely engage the load with the load backrest or other means. Carefully tilt the mast backward or tiltable forks upward to stabilize the load. Caution should be used in tilting backward with high or segmented load. 15. Carry loads as close to the floor as possible Keep the forks low 150 to 200mm (6 to 8 inches) off the floor in most cases. Never travel with the load raised higher than necessary for adequate clearance. 16. Keep the load against the backrest, with the mast tilted backward When the inching pedal is used, the lift truck may be in slow motion when lifting or lowering loads. The inching pedal is generally used for stock piling and loading vehicles. All other times when loads are lifted or lowered the lift truck should not be in motion. And be sure that the full length of the fork is under the load, with the load against the backrest. 17. Always look before starting Before starting, first make sure that the direction lever is in the desired position of travel and then make certain that the road is clear of both people and objects. Trucks should not be driven up to anyone standing in front of the bench or fixed objects. 18. START g-r-a-d-u-a-l-l-y and stop s-l-o-w-l-y Avoid quick or jerky starts and stops, particularly when loaded or when stacking. And never turn sharply at high speed. Bring the forklift truck to a gradual full stop before reversing. 19. Keep your forklift under control at all times Always drive at a safe speed considering all conditions. Observe all traffic regulations, including authorized plant speed limits. No matter where you are working, be sure you can safely stop your forklift truck. No one else but you knows what your limitations are. 20. Always keep a safe distance from other vehicles Keep a safe distance (at least three truck lengths) behind other moving vehicles to allow sufficient space for safe stopping under any condition. 21. Never overtake other vehicles Never pass other vehicles moving in the same direction at intersections, blind spots and other dangerous places. Always expect the unexpected! 22. Avoid stunt driving and horseplay Safety is the matter of your own attitude. This is difficult to measure but quickly becomes evident once you are behind the wheel. It is not your forklift truck. 23. Don't daydream! Stay alert! Keep your eyes open while driving. Always watch where you are going. 24. Slow down for wet, slippery areas You know how easy it is to lose control of your forklift truck on wet, slippery places. Driving a forklift truck is not for winning a Safari Rally, in spite of similar road conditions. 25. Go slow and sound the horn at corners Go slow wherever vision is limited or obstructed. If your plant has traffic mirrors, use them. Observe stop signs, stop your forklift truck completely, sound the horn if necessary and then proceed with extreme caution. When going around corners, slow down to a safe speed and turn the steering wheel slowly and carefully. Always turn the steering wheel with a steady smooth motion, except when operating at extremely slow speed. 26. Cross railroad tracks slowly and diagonally whenever possible A railroad crossing can give a loaded forklift truck a real jolt. For smoother crossing, cross the railroad diagonally so one wheel crosses at a time. Do not park closer than 8 feet from the centre of the tracks. February 2014 Page 54 SAFE WORK PRACTICES 27. Avoid running over loose objects Remove hazardous loose objects rather than driving over or around them. Avoid holes and bumps that might disturb your load. 28. Always watch load and mast overhead clearance Be sure of sufficient headroom under overhead installations such as lights, pipework, sprinkler systems, doorway lintels, conveyors. Keep the mast as low as possible in all areas where overhead clearances are limited. 29. Watch side clearance Watch your side clearance, especially with wide loads. Where possible, drive in the centre of the aisle to avoid endangering personnel or equipment. 30. Keep an eye on your distance from edges Maintain a safe distance from the edge of ramps or platforms while working on an elevated dock or platform. Make sure you can manoeuver your truck safely at all times. Do not use your truck to open or close doors of any kind. 31. Keep hands and feet inside the truck While driving, do not put your arms or legs outside the forklift truck. You only have one set of each. Take care of them. 32. Watch rear end swing Because the rear wheels steer your truck, the rear end swings wide when you turn. Use care in aisles and other tight places. 33. Do not allow the fork tips to strike objects Extreme care should be exercised when driving near anyone in front of any fixed object. And always keep the forks down. 34. For better vision with bulky loads, drive backward If your front view is obstructed by an extra wide load, drive in reverse so you can see where you are going. Better still, have a co-worker guide you. 35. Observe floor loading limits Never assume that any surface over which your forklift truck is to operate is strong enough to support the weight - with or without a load. Make sure that the dockboards are securely fastened and are strong enough to hold this moving load safely. At times you may need a fixed jack to support the semi-trailer or supports for the floors of trucks, trailers, railroad cars. 36. Set brakes and place wheel blocks while loading and unloading When working on a loading dock, make sure that the brakes of the truck, trailer or railroad care are set and wheel blocks placed behind the rear wheels to prevent movement when you drive on. If the truck should roll forward, a serious accident could happen. For certain jobs, fixed jacks may be necessary to avoid upending. 37. Always drive on a ramp with the load facing uphill Travel in the forward direction when going up and in reverse when coming down any grade in excess of 10% to keep the load from falling off. Don't descend with the load in front. Drive an unloaded truck with the bench in the downgrade position. Whether you are carrying a load or not, always go up and down grades slowly. On all grades keep the load and load engaging means tilted back if applicable and raised only enough to clear the road surface. 38. Use an assistant when going up or down a ramp with a bulky load When driving forward up a ramp with a load so big you can't see ahead, get someone to guide you and make sure the way is clear. February 2014 Page 55 SAFE WORK PRACTICES 39. Don't carry passengers Again, don't use your forklift truck for moving loads for which it was not designed. There is NO safe place on a forklift truck for a passenger to ride. 40. Shut off your forklift truck when leaving it unattended Always park on level ground with the forks flat on the floor so no one will run into them. Make sure that the brakes are set, the controls in neutral and the starter key or battery plug removed. If the truck must be parked on an incline, place blocks behind the wheels. 41. No smoking while refueling Turn off the engine when refueling the forklift truck or checking the battery - and don't smoke! Remember, the driver's seat is not a smoking seat. Other safety tips to remember are: carefully wash or wipe away any spilt oil or fuel and replace the fuel tank cap before restarting the engine, and never use a match or lighter or any kind of open flame to check chemical and gasoline levels in batteries and fuel tanks. Only use approved vehicles in places where there is danger of explosion and fire. 42. Check the condition of your forklift truck after the day's work Keep your forklift truck in the best of health by making sure it is clean, free of lint, excess oil and grease. Use noncombustible cleaning solutions. Your personal care will prevent costly repairs and reduce down time and make you safer as well as the people and equipment around you. Report any faulty performance without delay. 43. Know your forklift truck and think safely Make safety a matter of attitude. Expect the unexpected and use sound judgement whenever you are behind the wheel. 44. Drive only in well lighted areas Don't drive in places where it is dark or difficult to see. If the available light is less than 2 lumens per square foot, be sure that your truck is equipped with auxiliary lighting so your working area is always sufficiently illuminated. 45. Check for hazardous conditions before starting work Look around you for conditions that may be dangerous or unsafe. All forklift trucks are not the same, some have greater capacities than others. Make certain that your truck is suitable for the working conditions at hand. Only use approved vehicles in places where there is danger of explosion and fire. 46. Approach elevators slowly and squarely Be sure that the elevator car is level and steady before entering. While on the elevator, set the controls in neutral, shut off the power and lock the brakes. When using motorized hand trucks, enter the elevator or other confined areas with the front end forward. 47. Contact your manufacturer before altering or adding equipment Written approval from the manufacturer must be obtained before any forklift truck can be modified in which the capacity or safety is affected. Capacity, operation and maintenance instruction plates, tags or decals must be changed after modifications are made. Furthermore, the position of parts should not be altered nor should any part(s) be added or eliminated. 48. Clearly mark all attachments and nameplates All attachments and nameplates should be in place and readily visible. 49. Properly identify forklift truck equipped with attachments provided by other manufacturer If your truck is equipped with any attachments, such as front end attachment, that are not factory installed, request that your truck be marked, identifying these attachments and noting other important information such as the truck's adjusted weight, etc. February 2014 Page 56 SAFE WORK PRACTICES 50. Make repairs in safe locations, conditions Be on the alert for potential fire hazards, for example, when fixing fuel and ignition systems. Also, disconnect the battery before working on the electrical system. 51. Replace worn or broken parts with proper parts Forklift trucks won't last forever but they will give you additional years of service if you replace old or broken parts with parts that are comparable in safety and function with those installed by the factory. 52. Change or charge batteries in designated areas Exercise caution when changing or charging batteries. the work area should have draining facilities and adequate ventilation and be free of potential fire hazards. February 2014 Page 57 SAFE WORK PRACTICES MOBILE EQUIPMENT DRIVERS' DAILY CHECK LIST Truck No.: Daily Hour Meter Reading Sat.: Next Service Hours: Sun.: Mon.: Tue.: Wed.: Thur.: Fri.: DATE: Sat. Sun. Mon. Tue. FLUID LEVELS ( - Okay; X - Needs Attention) - Engine Oil - Radiator - Fluid Leaks ELECTRICAL ( - Okay; X - Needs Attention) - Oil Gauge - Temperature Gauge - Fuel Gauge - Amp. Gauge - Horn - Lights - Wipers CHECK ( - Okay; X - Needs Attention) - Tires and Wheels - Mast and Carriage - Neutral Start Switch OPERATIONAL INSPECTION ( - Okay; X - Needs Attention) - Listen for Unusual Noise - Check Emergency Brake - Lifting Control - Tilt Control - Forward Driving - Accelerator - Steering - Braking - Reverse Driving - Accelerator - Steering - Braking - Back-up Alarm VISUAL INSPECTION ( - Okay; X - Needs Attention) - Propane - Relief Valve at 12 o’clock - No Leaks - Safety Straps February 2014 Inspector’s Signature Wed. Thur. Fri. Page 58 SAFE WORK PRACTICES Comments: Explain all items needing attention All comments made in reference to any problems should be made on the back of this page in detail and handed to the Supervisor immediately. Caution: This is not a complete list of all items which may require attention. Operators are responsible for ensuring that the lift truck is in proper working condition in accordance with the manufacturer’s specifications. DO NOT operate lift truck if problem is detected. Report all problems to the Supervisor immediately. Date: Truck #: SHAW PIPE MOBILE EQUIPMENT WEEKLY CHECK LIST Mon. Wed. Hours: M W F Fri. Comments Engine Oil Trans. Fluid Hyd. Fluid Radiator Visual Check for Leaks Horn Visual Check of Tire & Wheel Visual Check Mast & Carriage Start and Listen for Unusual Noises GAS CYLINDER HANDLING PURPOSE To ensure that all compressed gas cylinders are stored, handled and used in the safest possible manner. RESPONSIBILITY 1. It shall be the responsibility of the receiving department to inspect all compressed gas cylinders for dents, gouges, excessive rust and other physical damage. 2. It shall be the responsibility of operating and maintenance management to ensure that compressed gas cylinders are stored, handled and used in accordance with these guidelines. 3. Applicable regulations regarding gas installations, licensing and general requirements shall be followed. Refer to sources cited at end of policy. REQUIREMENTS 1. When Handling Cylinders: (a) Do not remove or change numbers or marks stamped on cylinders. (b) Never move any cylinder unless the protective valve cap is securely in place. (c) Cylinders should be transported on a hand or motorized truck; they may be rolled on the bottom edge for positioning. (d) Cylinders should be protected from cuts, abrasions and other physical damage. February 2014 Page 59 SAFE WORK PRACTICES (e) Do not use slings when transporting cylinders to different levels. Carry them in a cradle or suitable platform and take extreme care that they are not dropped. (f) Do not use cylinders for rollers, supports, or any purpose other than to contain gas. (g) Do not drop cylinders or let them strike each other violently. (h) Do not tamper with safety devices on valves or cylinders. (I) When empty cylinders are returned for recharging, they should be marked "Empty" or "MT" with chalk. The valve should be closed and the valve protective cap should be securely in place. (j) Always consider cylinders as full and handle them with appropriate care. (k) Thaw fusible plugs with warm (1000) water. Do not use boiling water or direct flame. 2. When Using Cylinders (a) Keep acetylene and oxygen in an upright position and secure against accidentally being knocked over. Propane tanks should be carefully put into position on a forklift. (b) Keep the protective cap in place when the cylinder is not connected for use. (c) Ensure the threads on a regulator or union correspond to those on the cylinder valve outlet. Do not force connections. (d) Always open cylinder valves slowly. (e) A pressure reducing regulator attached to the cylinder valve must be used, except where cylinders are attached to a manifold, in which case the regulator should be attached to the manifold header. (f) "Crack" the cylinder valve for an instant to clear the valve opening of particles of dust or dirt. Always point the valve and opening away from the body or other persons. Never crack a fuel gas cylinder valve near any possible sources of ignition. (g) Use regulators and pressure gauges only for gases for which they are designed and intended. Do not attempt to repair or alter cylinders, valves, or attachments. This work should be done only by the manufacturer. (h) Do not attempt to stop a leak between the cylinder and regulator by tightening the union nut until the cylinder valve has been tightly closed. (I) Never use oil or grease as lubricants on valves or attachments of oxygen cylinders. Keep oxygen cylinders and fittings away from oil and grease, and do not handle these cylinders, valves and regulators with oily or greasy hands, gloves or rags. (j) Never use oxygen as a substitute for compressed air. (k) Never bring cylinders into tanks, unventilated rooms, or other confined spaces. (l) Before removing a regulator from a cylinder valve, close the cylinder valve and release the pressure from the regulator. 3. Storing Cylinders (a) Cylinders should area shall be dry (b) Cylinders should (c) Cylinders should be stored in an area especially prepared and designated for that purpose. The and well ventilated and shall have a fireproof and level floor. not be exposed to any sources of excessive heat. be stored at least 20 feet from highly flammable materials or sources of ignition. 4. Leaking Cylinders (a) If a cylinder should develop a leak, immediately remove it from service. Close the valve and move it to a well ventilated location outdoors away from ignition sources. (b) Rope off the area twenty feet in all directions from the cylinder. (c) Post "No Smoking" and "No Admittance - Authorized Personnel Only" signs. (d) Contact the supplier for additional information. Sources: "Regulations Concerning L.P. Gas Installations and Equipment", made pursuant to the Nova Scotia Fire Prevention Act by the Minister of Labour, February 1978 "Propane Installation Code", Canadian Gas Association, National Standard of Canada, April 1991, CAN/CGA-B149.2M913 February 2014 Page 60 SAFE WORK PRACTICES COMPRESSED GAS CYLINDER STORAGE (I06) February 2014 Page 61 SAFE WORK PRACTICES CYLINDER HANDLING (I07) February 2014 Page 62 SAFE WORK PRACTICES SET-UP (I08) February 2014 Page 63 SAFE WORK PRACTICES REGULATOR USE (I09) February 2014 Page 64 SAFE WORK PRACTICES LEAKING CYLINDERS (I10) February 2014 Page 65 SAFE WORK PRACTICES GRINDING General Precautions: Severe injury may occur if proper protective equipment is not used and properly maintained. 1. Check the tool rest for the correct distance from the abrasive wheel, maximum 1/8” or 3mm. 2. Replace the grindstone when adjustment of the rest cannot provide 1/8” or 3mm clearance. 3. If the wheel has been abused and ground to an angle or grooved, replace the wheel with the appropriate surfacing tool. 4. Protect your eyes with goggles or a face shield at all times when grinding. 5. Each time a grinding wheel is mounted, the maximum approved speed stamped on the wheel bladder should be checked against the shaft rotation speed of the machine to ensure the safe peripheral speed is not exceeded. A grinding wheel must not be operated at peripheral speed exceeding the manufacturer’s recommendation. 6. The flanges supporting the grinding wheel should be a maximum of 1/3 the diameter of the wheel, and must fit the shaft rotating speed according to the manufacturer’s recommendation. 7. Bench grinders are designed for peripheral grinding. Do not grind on the side of the wheel. 8. Do not stand directly in front of grinding wheel when it is first started. February 2014 Page 66 SAFE WORK PRACTICES USE OF BENCH AND PEDESTAL GRINDERS (A04) February 2014 Page 67 SAFE WORK PRACTICES GUARDS ON MACHINERY 1. Machines or equipment having exposed moving parts that constitute a hazard to workers shall be equipped with guards which prevent contact with moving parts, or prevent access to the danger zone during operations. 2. Guards shall be of a fixed or hinged design constructed, installed and maintained so that they are capable of effectively performing the functions for which they are intended. GUARDS - MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT PURPOSE 1. To prevent personnel from coming in contact with any revolving or moving power transmission equipment or parts of machines such as belts, chains, flywheels, sprockets, gears, pulleys, shafts, spindles, couplings, keys and screws. 2. To prevent personnel from coming in contact with any working part of a machine with creates a shearing, cutting or crushing action which presents a pinch point, or could be a source of entanglement. 3. To ensure that all dangerous power transmission equipment and moving parts of machines, so located that a person can come in contact with them, are identified and properly guarded. RESPONSIBILITY 1. It shall be the responsibility of management and operators (a) to identify all parts of revolving or moving equipment or machines that create a contact hazard; (b) to guard all such parts with effective protective barriers; and (c) to maintain such protective barriers in a functional condition. 2. It shall be the responsibility of management and operators to ensure that dangerous equipment or machines are not used or operated unless all hazards are properly guarded. 3. It shall be the responsibility of all operators, or users, to check equipment and machines before use or operation and ensure that all guards are in place and functional. REQUIREMENTS 1. All guards shall be substantial, adequately supported and securely fastened. 2. All guards shall be painted a safety color to facilitate identification and make them more visible. 3. All guards should be made with perforated or solid sheet metal, or wire mesh on a frame of angle iron or iron pipe securely fastened to the floor or frame of machine. Size of angle iron, metal pipe or other material used, will be the responsibility of the Supervisor and be adequate for the need. 4. All metal should be free of burrs or sharp edges. HELICOPTER SAFETY General - In preparation for any helicopter trip the employee shall ensure that he is wearing the proper clothing and footwear for the time of the year and type of facility or terrain to be visited. Approach: 1. Approach and leave the helicopter so that the pilot can always see you. February 2014 Page 68 SAFE WORK PRACTICES 2. Observe the path of the rotor blades while they are turning (keep an eye on the tip and keep well under them. 3. Approach or leave the helicopter on the low side in uneven terrain. 4. Stay away from the tail rotor area. CARRY LONG OBJECTS HORIZONTALLY In 1. 2. 3. of the blade) IN UNEVEN TERRAIN, APPROACH OR DEPART ON THE LOW SIDE Flight Do not disturb the pilot. Keep seat belts fastened. Do not leave your seat on landing until the pilot has indicated it is safe to do so. necessary for the pilot to reposition the helicopter after initial touchdown. 4. Emergency exit release handles are painted red. Learn where they are and be accidentally release them. 5. Do not throw any object from the helicopter in flight. Frequently it is careful not to HOISTING PRACTICES General: Determine the weight of the object or load prior to a lift to make sure that the lifting equipment can operate within its capabilities. Balance Loads: Estimate the center of gravity or point of balance. The lifting device should be positioned immediately above the estimated center of gravity. Landing the Load: Prepare a place to land the load, lower the load gently and make sure it is stable before slackening the sling or chain. 1. Select only alloy chain slings and NEVER exceed the working load limits. 2. Make sure the hoist or crane is directly over the load. 3. Use slings of proper reach. Never shorten a line by twisting or knotting. With chain slings, never use bolts or nuts. 4. Never permit anyone to ride the lifting hook or the load. 5. Make sure all personnel stand clear from the load being lifted. February 2014 Page 69 SAFE WORK PRACTICES 6. 7. 8. 9. Never work or walk under a suspended load. Never leave a load suspended when a hoist or crane is unattended. Inspect slings thoroughly at specified intervals and maintain in good condition. Inspect each chain or sling for cuts, nicks, bent links, bent hooks, etc. before each use. If in doubt, don’t use it. 10. Ensure that safety latches on hooks are in good working condition. 11. Ensure that the signaler (if required) is properly identified and understands techniques of proper signaling. 12. Make sure a tag line is used to control the load. HOT W ORK This Safe Work Practice shall comply with the NFC of Canada. Hot work is the application involving open flames or producing heat or sparks including, but not limited to, cutting, welding, soldering, brazing, grinding, adhesive, bonding, thermal spraying and thawing pipes. Training - Hot work shall be performed only by personnel deemed competent by management in the safe use of hot work equipment. Inspection - Hot work equipment shall be examined for leakage or defects prior to each use. Any defects found in hot work equipment shall be repaired or replaced prior to use. Equipment Not in Use - All valves shall be closed and gas lines bled when Class 2 gas hot work equipment is not in use. Electrical hot work equipment shall be de-energized when not in use. Prevention of fires 1. Hot work shall be carried out in an area free of combustible and flammable contents, with walls, ceilings and floors of non-combustible construction or lined with non-combustible materials. 2. When it is not practical to undertake hot work in an area described in #1, (a) Combustible and flammable materials within a 15m distance from the hot work shall be protected against ignition by removing them from the area or by using non-combustible materials to protect them (ie fire blanket). (b) A fire watch shall be provided during the hot work for a period of not less than 60 minutes after its completion (c) A final inspection of hot work area shall be conducted four hours after completion of work. 3. When there is a possibility of sparks leaking onto combustible materials in areas adjacent to the area where hot work is carried out, openings in walls, floors or ceilings shall be covered or closed to prevent the passage of sparks. 4. Combustible materials or building surfaces that cannot be removed or protected against ignition shall be thoroughly wetted where hot work is carried out. 5. Any process or activity creating flammable gases or vapors, combustible dusts or combustible fibers in quantities sufficient to create a fire or explosion hazard shall be interrupted where hot work is carried out. Fire Watch The exposed areas described above shall be examined for ignition of combustible materials by personnel equipped with and trained in the use of fire extinguishing equipment. Working on Containers, Equipment or Piping 1. Hot work shall not be performed on containers, equipment or piping containing flammable liquids, combustible liquids or flammable gases unless they have been cleaned and tested with a gas detector to ascertain that they are free of explosive vapors. February 2014 Page 70 SAFE WORK PRACTICES 2. Hot work shall not be performed on a totally enclosed container. 3. Hot work shall not be performed on metal objects that are in contact with combustible materials unless safety precautions are taken to prevent their ignition by conduction. Fire extinguishing equipment At least one portable fire extinguisher conforming to the proper standard shall be provided in the hot work area. HOUSEKEEPING 1. Clean-up - Keep your work area clean and safe at all times. Always keep yourself, the equipment you operate or are using, and your place of work as clean as practicable. 2. Efficiency - Good housekeeping will reduce confusion on the project and will result more efficient operation. 3. Electric Cords / Hoses - Do not allow extension cords, air hoses, welding leads or oxygen and acetylene hoses to be placed when they create a tripping hazard. 4. Employee Facilities - Cooperate in keeping toilets, first aid and drinking facilities clean, and in sanitary condition. 5. Nails - Protruding nails, screws or other materials in from lumber, boards, etc., immediately removed, bent over or guarded to prevent puncture injuries. 6. Oily Rags and Wastes - Or other combustible debris shall be kept in metal containers provided for that purpose. 7. Removal of Debris / Garbage - When cleaning up, do not throw or drop materials from upper levels unless the area below is properly barricaded and proper warnings are posted. 8. Slipping Hazards - Clean up or eliminate slipping hazards such as grease, oil, water, ice, snow or other liquids on walkways, ladders, stairways, scaffolds or other access ways or working areas. 9. Trash and Debris - Deposit trash, refuse, debris, lunch papers, and other waste in proper refuse containers. 10. Tripping Hazards - Help keep the construction site, especially roadways, access ways, aisles, stairways, scaffolds and ladders, clear of obstruction which may cause tripping or other hazards. LADDER SAFETY All fixed ladders must meet the ANSI standard A14.3-1992. Inspect ladder for damage before climbing. Inspect feet, pawls, rungs, rails and halyard (rope). Ladders with broken or missing steps, rungs, side rails, or other faulty equipment shall not be used. Portable non self-supporting ladders shall, where possible, be used at such a slope that the horizontal distance from where the top is supported to the foot of the ladder is 1/4 of the working length of the ladder. The ladder shall be so placed as to prevent slipping, or it shall be lashed or held in position. Ladders shall not be used in any horizontal position such as for a platform or scaffold. Ladders shall not be placed on boxes, barrels or other unstable base to obtain additional height. February 2014 Page 71 SAFE WORK PRACTICES Ladders shall not be spliced together to provide long sections. Never work from the top three rungs. Always work from a comfortable height. Keep the body straight with the wall. Where a ladder must be used which will block a doorway - the doors shall not open towards the ladder unless the door is blocked open, locked or guarded. Ladders shall not be placed against or supported by sliding doors or doors opening away from the ladder. Use warning signs when working on a ladder in doorways. The pail shelf of step ladders shall not be used, under any circumstances, as a step. Stepladders shall be fully opened with the locking device set before climbing. Wood ladders shall be kept coated with a transparent finish such as varnish, shellac or clear preservative in order that checks, cracks, splits and compression failures can be readily detected. Wood ladders should not be otherwise painted. Ladders which have been inspected and found to be defective shall be withdrawn from service for repair or destruction, and tagged or marked as "Dangerous - Do Not Use". For more information refer to CSA CAN3-Z11-M81 Safety Code for Portable Ladders. LADDERS - PORTABLE Ladders can be used safely if they are given the respect they deserve. Before using any ladder, make sure that it is in good condition and is the right ladder for the job to be done. 1. When setting up a ladder, secure the base and “walk” the ladder up into place. 2. The ladder should be set at the proper angle of one (1) meter to every four (4) meters vertical. 3. Before using a ladder, make sure it is secured against movement. 4. When in position, the ladder should protrude one (1) meter above the intended landing point. 5. Workers shall not work from the top two rungs of a ladder. 6. Do Not overreach while on a ladder. It is easier and safer to climb down and move the ladder over a few feet to a new position. 7. Always face the ladder when using it. Grip it firmly and use the three-point contact method when moving up or down. 8. The minimum overlap on an extension ladder should be one (1) meter unless the manufacturer specifies the overlap. 9. Keep both metal and wood ladders, away from electrical sources. LADDERS - STEP As with all ladders, make sure that the step ladder is in good condition, and is the right ladder for the job to be done. Step ladders are to be used ONLY on clean and even surfaces. 1. NO work is to be done form the top two steps of a step ladder, counting the top platform as a rung. February 2014 Page 72 SAFE WORK PRACTICES 2. The step ladder is only to be used in the fully opened position with the spreader bars locked. 3. Tops of step ladders are not to be used as a support for scaffolds. 4. Do Not overreach while on the ladder. Climb down and move the ladder over to a new position. 5. Only CSA standard ladders will be used. LOADING/UNLOADING VEHICLES Forklift operators or yard personnel shall use caution when loading and unloading vehicles. Unless the operator of the vehicle has the proper personal protective equipment, the operator of the forklift or yard personnel shall instruct the vehicle operator to remain in the vehicle. The following are safe work practices to be used as a guideline for the various types of vehicles that may be loaded at any Masonry Center or manufacturing site. 1. Company Vehicles - Whether or not they have been contracted for hire by The Shaw Group Limited When loading product, drivers must keep back from the pallets of product until they are securely placed on the unit and the lift truck has backed away. forklift operators should never approach a truck or trailer too fast. Safety is more important than speed. Loads MUST be secured by means of sides, sideboards, stakes, end gates, tie down assemblies, tarps or covers (N.B. law requires that all commercial vehicles secure loads with tie down assemblies and the load MUST be covered). The tie down assemblies used for securing loads against movement in any direction shall have an aggregate working load limit equal to at least the weight of the article being secured. Shaw drivers or hired trucks transporting secured loads shall check during a trip at a place off the traveled portion of a highway, as often as/and in such a manner, as is necessary to maintain the security of the load. Any vehcile operator not in possession of the proper equipment to secure or not wishing to comply with the PPE or securing requires MUST not be loaded/unloaded. In addition, it is necessary that all securing measures be accomplished BEFORE leaving Shaw property. 2. Contractor Vehicles/Public Vehicles With safety being our first priority, the forklift operator or yard personnel must recommend to the operator of the contractor/private vehicle any securing measures that are recommended. As we have no direct authority for the contractor/private vehicle the decision of securing or not lies with the vehicle operator and there is no other action required by the forklift operator. METAL DRUMS Metal Drums are often used around worksites and lunch areas as garbage bins for small scrap items. They are provided by The Shaw Group for purposes of housekeeping. The drums serve the purpose well - but only after the top is properly removed. Occasionally there are not enough drums for this purpose and someone takes it upon himself to remove the tops form the closed drums lying around. The quick method is to use a cutting torch. This is a highly dangerous practice and should never be used. Unless a drum is completely purged with steam and/or chemicals there is a high risk of explosion occurring as heat from the torch vaporizes the contents of the drum. When vaporized, even everyday substances such as forming oil can be explosively lethal. All it takes is the right air-to-fuel ratio and the flame from the cutting torch will set off a powerful bomb. Even without ignition, pressure can build up inside the drum from heat of the torch and cause an explosion. Drum tops can be removed safely by non-sparking mechanical devices which are specifically designed for this purpose. Metal drums for good housekeeping, yes - but not at the risk of explosion. February 2014 Page 73 SAFE WORK PRACTICES MITRE SAW S (E10) February 2014 Page 74 SAFE WORK PRACTICES POLYMER MATERIALS 1. Polymer materials (plastics and rubber components) can, when heated, form compounds which are dangerous to health and environment. Therefore, never weld close to parts made of rubber or plastic. 2. The following safety instructions should be followed: (a) Do not weld or cut near polymer materials without first having protected them from the heat. (b) Never burn polymer materials when scrapping them. (c) Take care when handling machines which have burnt or been exposed to intense heat. (d) Always use gloves, protective goggles and an approved respirator. POW ER LINES/TELEPHONES 1. The Shaw Group and Subcontractor do site hazard assessment checking for overhead power and/or phone lines. 2. Contact power and phone company to check for buried cables. 3. Mark all buried cables in the area to be excavated with stakes and/or orange spray paint. 4. Advise all employees of the location of buried cables. 5. Make all employees aware of power and phone lines. Stress to equipment operators that all attachments on equipment must be lowered before traveling through site (ie. - dump boxes, excavator booms, etc.) 6. Place warning signs at entrances and exits to site advising of overhead wires and to lower attachments before traveling. 7. Brief all equipment operators (boom trucks, cranes, etc.) on safe operating distance from power lines. NO employee is permitted to operate equipment closer than 10 feet to power lines, 8. If work requires equipment to enter the “Danger Zone” of 10 ft or less, the site supervisor must contact the power contact power company to have power shut off to lines or have safety insulators installed, prior to work commencing. 9. Brief all employees on emergency procedures in the event a piece of equipment comes in contact with power lines: (a) Shut equipment off (b) Remain on equipment (unless fire is a danger) (c) If person must leave equipment - JUMP as far as possible and shuffle feet to safety, Do Not Ground Yourself. (d) Keep all persons and equipment away from live wires (e) Contact power company and fire/police/ambulance as required. PROPANE Since propane is heavier than air and invisible, it is a special concern when it is used on the project site. All installations and use of this product must comply with the Government Legislation set out for its safe use. February 2014 Page 75 SAFE WORK PRACTICES The supplier delivering the product or setting up the equipment at the site must be part of the safe work practices. 1. Nylon slings must be used in a “choker” fashion when loading, off-loading or lifting propane tanks. 2. Lifting lugs provided on tanks are not to be used. Slings are to be wrapped around the shell of the tank. 3. Tank valves and regulators are to be removed from the tank prior to any movement of the tank. 4. Crane hooks shall be equipped with a safety latch. 5. All trucks, cranes or equipment used to handle propane tanks must be equipped with a fire extinguisher appropriate for the size and type of tank being handled. 6. Except in an emergency, any movement or repositioning of tanks shall be performed by a competent worker. 7. Tanks are not to be heated to increase flow. 8. When in use, propane bottles are to be securely held in an upright position. 9. Tanks are not to be hooked up and used without proper regulators. RIGGING Rigging looks like an easy operation that requires no particular skill or experience. But if you have an idea that just anybody can do it, you’re on the wrong track. Too many men have lost fingers or hands or have suffered more serious injuries because they thought, “Anybody can do it”. Here are some do’s and don’ts to remember: 1. Name one member of the crew to act as the signalman, and instruct the equipment operator to recognize signals from that person only. The signalman must be careful not to order a move until he has received the “all ready” signal from each member of the crew. 2. Each rigger must be sure he’s in the clear before he gives an “all ready” to the signalman. When you have positioned the sling or choker you are using, release it, if possible, before you give the “all ready’ signal. 3. If you must hold the sling or choker in position, be sure your hand is clear of pinch points. In fact, your hand should be far enough away so there is no possibility of a frayed wire catching your glove or jerking your hand into a pinch point. ( of course, frayed cables should never be used). 4. Watch out for the roll or swing of the load. Since it is almost impossible to position the hook exactly over the load centre, there will almost always be a swing or roll. Anticipate the direction of the swing or roll and work away from it. 5. Never place yourself between material, equipment or any stationary object and the load swing. Also, stay away from stacked material that may be knocked over by a swinging load. 6. Never stand under the load, and keep from under the boom as much as possible. Chances are that nothing will break, but something might. 7. Look over the place where the load is to be set. Remove unnecessary blocks or other objects that might fly up if struck by the load. 8. When lowering or setting the load, be sure your feet and all other parts of your body are out from under. Set the load down easily and slowly so that if it rolls on the blocking, it will be a slow shift that you can get away from. 9. Identify the designated signalman by the use of distinctive vests, armlets etc. 10. Use tag lines to control the leads. February 2014 Page 76 SAFE WORK PRACTICES SCAFFOLD - METAL These are various types of metal scaffolds and they all have a right and wrong way to be erected. The misuse of scaffolding is the cause of numerous serious injuries. Every worker who designs or constructs a scaffold should be competent and know what the manufacturer’s specifications are for the type of scaffold. The scaffold type which will be best suited for the job and capable of withstanding the loads to be imposed on it must be determined before the job begins. Ensure That: 1. The scaffold you intend to use is the correct one for the job. 2. The location in which the scaffold is to be constructed is level or is capable of presenting secure footing by use of mudsills or some other device. 3. The scaffold will be erected by a competent worker. 4. Legislative and manufacturer’s requirements have been complied with. 5. Safe access and egress to both the scaffold and the general work area has been provided. 6. Leveling adjustment screws have not been over extended. 7. Tower scaffolds have outriggers or are guyed and have all component parts secured in place (i.e. cross braces, pins, lateral braces). 8. Scaffold work platforms have perimeter guardrail: Horizontal Rail - 0.92 m to 1.07 meters above the platform. (3’ to 3.5’) Intermediate Rail - Midway between platform and top rail. Toe Board - No less than 140mm in height above platform level. 9. Scaffold planks are the number one grade materials with maximum spans of 3.1 meters on light duty and 2.3 meters on heavy duty with a maximum projection beyond the ledger of no more than 300mm. SCAFFOLD - W OOD The construction of wood scaffold is closely regulated by legislation. Materials and material dimensions are specified in detail in the OHS Regulations. Because the construction of these scaffolds can vary greatly as to use, shape, location and the type of job to be done, they sometimes are built in a haphazard manner. To avoid this, the following Safe Work Practices are minimum. 1. Construction, alteration, design and removal of wood scaffolds is to be done by competent workers. 2. The material used to construct these scaffolds should be sound, close grained and finished on all four sides. 3. The scaffold must be capable of supporting four (4) times the load that might be imposed on it. 4. All component parts should be tight together and properly fixed to each other. 5. Proper perimeter railing must be set in place: Top rail - Intermediate Rail - Toe Board. February 2014 Page 77 SAFE WORK PRACTICES 6. Scaffold work platforms shall be at least 500 mm wide for light duty and 1 meter wide for heavy duty scaffolds. 7. When used as a scaffold work platform, planks shall be secured from movement by cleats or by being wired in place. 8. Safe access and egress is to be provided to all work platforms by the use of ladders. 9. Scaffold work platforms shall not span more than 3.1 meters on light duty scaffolds or 2.3 meter on heavy duty scaffolds. SPRAY PAINTING 1. Anyone conducting spray painting shall be trained to operate spray painting equipment safely. Equipment used for spray painting shall be adequately maintained for safe operation. 2. Spray painting equipment shall be explosion proof and grounded. The equipment should be plugged no closer than 6 meters (20 feet) from the area being sprayed. 3. There will be NO SMOKING while operating spray painting equipment. 4. High pressure sprays can penetrate the skin and cause serious injury. If the spray appears to have penetrated the skin, seek Immediate medical attention. Do Not treat as a simple cut. 5. Where possible, use gloves or barrier creams to prevent skin contact with paints or solvents. Where barrier creams are used, they should be applied to clean skin before work and then cleaned off and reapplied every two hours afterwards. 6. During spray painting, the following protective equipment shall be worn: (a) Coveralls (b) Eye protection (c) Hood to cover face and hair (d) Respiratory protection (e) Gloves Note: The trade practice of adding vanilla extract to paint may cover up the smell of solvents but the harmful effects remain. TOOL BOX MEETINGS Toolbox meetings are an important part of The Shaw Group Limited. They shall be held weekly by every Supervisor/Foreman with all employees in attendance. They are to be held on-site at a convenient time and should last no longer than 15 minutes. For safety meetings to be most effective, they should be scheduled at a time when employees are most likely to give them their full attention. Scheduling a meeting at the end of a Friday is almost always a mistake. (People want to go home). If possible, give your safety meeting the prominence they deserve by scheduling them early in the week and early in the day. Their purpose is to do the following: 1. Provide Safety Information to all Employees Management and Supervisors are responsible to ensure all employees have the information and training necessary to perform their work safely. Safety meetings are considered a type of training as they provide information and explain Project policies and procedures. Each week you must prepare for your toolbox meeting by selecting a timely topic(s) to be focused upon and discussed with your February 2014 Page 78 SAFE WORK PRACTICES crew. This could be a recent incident, new rules or regulations, or a review of project policies and procedures. It is the responsibility of the Supervisor/Foreman to chair these meetings weekly with all employees under your control. 2. Give all Employees an Opportunity to Express Safety Concerns Employee participation is crucial to the success on any safety program. All employees must be encouraged to ask questions, express concerns, report hazards and suggest action which should be taken to improve safety. When health or safety problems develop on your crew, your toolbox meeting provides an ideal time to deal with them. The knowledge and experience of your employees is a valuable resource in reaching the best solution. At every toolbox meeting be sure to invite employees to participate, listen to what they have to say and respect their opinions. Setting aside time during every meeting for employee feedback is an extremely effective way to build your employees’ sense of commitment to the overall health and safety effort. 3. Ensure Appropriate Action is Taken Meetings and discussions are good but no improvement in accident prevention will occur without action being taken. You and the employees under your supervision must decide and agree on action to take in order to ensure a reduction in the level of risk at you worksite. Appropriate action might be one of the following: (a) (b) (c) (d) Everyone agrees to apply the information in their daily work Concern to be referred to upper management or the safety committee for action. Request for repairs or additional equipment Change in schedule or procedure 4. Demonstrate Commitment to Safety Well planned, organized and effective toolbox meetings will positively demonstrate your commitment to safety. By setting aside a few minutes each week to specifically deal with safety concerns, employees will be reminded that safety is important and an essential part of their daily duties. Remember to acknowledge employees for their efforts and support of the Project Safety Program. A pat on the back or a simple thank you helps a lot to build positive attitudes and proper safety performance. 5. Document Safety Activities Documentation of safety activities is essential to ensure an active, effective safety program and to prove due diligence in the event of a serious accident. The report form must be filled out and signed for every toolbox meeting. Planning is important. These meetings are an important part of your responsibility as a supervisor. Spend some time thinking about your meeting. Plan your objectives, what you intend to say, how you will encourage employee involvement. Once the meeting starts, stay on track and keep everyone’s attention. It is not too much to ask for everyone to spend a few minutes each week in a serious safety meeting. Make sure the majority agrees on what action should be taken. Once the items have been covered, adjourn the meeting and return to work. February 2014 Page 79 SAFE WORK PRACTICES TRUCKING AIR-RIDE TRAILERS Drivers using trailers equipped with air-ride suspension shall remember that when the trailer is to be unhooked from the tractor, all air pressure shall be discharged from the system by way of the control valve mounted inside the control panel on the left-hand side of the trailer. When all pressure has been discharged, dolly legs can be lowered and tractor unhooked. If this procedure is not followed, it can result in damage to the dolly legs. If someone is around the trailer and the pressure is discharged either by accident or intentionally, this could result in injury to that person. For these reasons, all drivers are to discharge air pressure when unit is parked for a length of time such as overnight or for a week-end. BLACK BOX ELECTRONIC TRIP RECORDERS Company trucks are equipped with either a black box recorder or a tachograph. It is the responsibility of the driver to properly record the daily operations. When using a silent 1000 black box, a driver shall record all pertinent information such as driver number and log "in" and "out" time. Drivers will put all information into the main computer at a regular prescribed time for office monitoring and recording. When using a tachograph, drivers shall install a tach card at the beginning of a work shift and remove the card at the completion of the shift. A dummy card will be left in the tach for prevention of damage to the tach and the card used for the driver's shift will be turned in to the Supervisor. Defects with either type of recorder will be reported immediately to your Supervisor. Drivers are also required to complete a log book recording the daily activities. These log books are monitored. Accurate driver recording is mandatory by the company and government under the National Safety Code. BOOMS, UNIT LIFTS & PIPEMASTERS These are specialized types of equipment and the operator shall fully understand the proper operation and limits of this equipment. Booms shall never be used for lifting until stabilizers are down and unit is secured to prevent movement. Drivers should never attempt to lift more than the boom is rated for. The hydraulic components of a boom truck shall also be inspected on a regular basis. All defects shall be reported and repaired. This could prevent a serious accident and spills of hydraulic fluid onto customer property. Drivers should avoid operating a boom in a restricted area, due to obstructions such as power lines. Loads should never be lifted over an area where anyone is working. If you encounter this problem, ask these people to move away from the area until you have completed unloading. Loads such as cubes of brick or block should not be lifted onto stagings that are not solid enough to support the weight of the material. In the event of an oil spill should occur, a driver is responsible to control the leak and either clean up spilled fluid or call the dispatcher who in turn will have someone assist in the clean up. Drivers and dispatchers should refer to the Emergency Contact List. Federal and provincial laws state that all contaminated property shall be removed and replaced. This is the responsibility of the company and these clean-ups can be very costly as well as hazardous to the environment. A unit lift is another type of unloading equipment that requires regular inspections and repairs. Drivers shall inspect these units for defects such as bent rail extensions, work chains and sprockets, frayed cables and defective slings and pins. Failure or breakdown of these components can cause serious accidents and damage to materials being handled. The third piece of unloading equipment is the pipemaster. A driver shall, when possible, position the trailer on level ground before unloading. No one other than the driver should be permitted to stand near February 2014 Page 80 SAFE WORK PRACTICES the trailer or pipemaster while the driver is unloading. The control valve on the pipemaster should be preset before unloading and closed off completely once the trailer has been unloaded. The pipe on the trailer shall be chocked properly to prevent movement and drivers shall always work from behind the pipe and not ahead in the direction the pipe is to be unloaded. To ensure fewer problems unloading, the driver should ensure pipes are loaded straight on the trailer before leaving the pipe yard. Before leaving a job site, drivers should block pipe to prevent accidents or injuries after you leave. All accessory equipment such as chains, hooks, forks, pins or other specialized equipment shall be inspected on a regular basis. Any defective equipment shall be repaired or replaced. Drivers who use this equipment are responsible for their own safety and the safety of others who may be working near them. BRIDGE CRANES Heavy concrete products are often loaded directly onto a trailer by a bridge crane. When involved in this type of loading, drivers are required to: 1. Use a guide to back into the loading area. 2. Ensure other employees are aware of the loading operation and keep away from that area until unit is loaded. 3. Have visual contact with the crane operator at all times while crane is in operation. 4. Familiarize yourself with proper hand signals to communicate with the crane operator. 5. Position yourself in a safe area away from the travel path of the object being loaded. 6. Instruct crane operator where to position load on unit. Drivers know where the load shall be positioned to properly scale loads. HITCH HIKER EQUIPMENT The hitch-hiker is a specialized piece of equipment and to ensure your safety and the safety of others, the following rules shall be followed at all times: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Do not overload forks (loads shall not exceed 3500 lbs - 1588 kgs). Do not use forks as a standing platform. Use this unit to lift and transport stable loads only. Do not allow riders. Always use stabilizer when picking up or dropping loads beyond the front of the unit. Always carry loads low and close to the driver for maximum stability. When parked, always use parking brake to prevent runaway. Do not use parking brake as a service brake. When transporting, secure unit with tie rods and retention chains. Ensure trailer and hitch-hiker lighting systems are connected and working properly. 10. Drivers shall perform a pretrip inspection on the hitch-hiker daily as they would their tractor and trailer. 11. The seat belt shall be worn at all times while operating the hitch-hiker. (Truck Hook Up and Hitchhiker - 3 pages follow) February 2014 Page 81 SAFE WORK PRACTICES February 2014 Page 82 SAFE WORK PRACTICES February 2014 Page 83 SAFE WORK PRACTICES February 2014 Page 84 SAFE WORK PRACTICES LOAD SECURITY Every commercial motor vehicle or combination of vehicles carrying a load on the highway shall ensure that the load will not shift, move or fall from that vehicle in transit. Loads shall be secured by means of sides, sideboards, stakes, end gates, tie down assemblies, tarps or covers. Drivers transporting secured loads shall check during a trip at a place off the traveled portion of a highway, as often as and in such a manner as is necessary to maintain the security of the load. Tie down assemblies used for securing loads against movement in any direction shall have an aggregate working load limit equal to at least the weight of the article being secured. LOADING TRUCKS & TRAILERS Truck drivers and forklift operators shall use caution when loading. The truck driver shall not stand in an area where he/she cannot be seen by the forklift operator. If this occurs, the operator shall stop and have the driver move to an area where he/she is both safe and in view of the operator. When loading product such as brick or concrete blocks, drivers shall keep back from the pallets of product until they are securely placed on the unit and the lift-truck has backed away. Pallets of this type should be placed on the truck by the forklift so the driver can properly chain or strap down the load, Forklift operators should never approach a truck or trailer too fast and expect to stop smoothly without spilling or moving the product on the pallet. Employee safety is far more important than the speed at which units are loaded. LOADING & UNLOADING DUMP TRAILERS Drivers should pay close attention to the loading of dump trailers. The load should be evenly distributed as not to cause problems when unloading. A driver shall also check the tailgate to ensure it is working properly to prevent leakage and jamming when unloading. When unloading, dump trailers shall always be setting level with tractor and trailer positioned straight. Units shall never be jack-knifed when unloading. This position is not stable and will cause rollovers. Drivers shall remain in their units at all times when unloading. This is for the driver's safety and in the event of a problem during unloading. Added weight is applied to the rear axle in the dump position; therefore, the ground on which the rear tires rest shall be capable of supporting the added load. TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS All employees of The Shaw Group Limited who have responsibility for handling, offering for transport, or transporting dangerous goods, shall be trained to perform his or her duties relating to dangerous goods under the respective acts. The Shaw Group Limited will issue certificates of training to employees who successfully complete the course including a written examination. Should employees receive instruction from an outside source, the employee shall successfully complete an The Shaw Group Limited examination before a certificate is issued. Employees will be instructed with the aid of materials and manuals as supplied by The Shaw Group Limited. "Certificates of Training" are issued for three years at which time the employee is to be retrained. Employees will not be permitted to transport or offer to transport dangerous goods until they are trained. The Canadian Trucking Association Booklet "Dangerous Goods: A Trucker's Guide" will be issued to trained employees. This booklet shall be kept on or near their person while on duty. In the event of a spill, release, incident or accident in transit, the drivers are to do the following procedure: (a) Call the local police and inform them of the facts immediately; (b) Call their dispatcher immediately. The dispatcher will: (a) Immediately call the local police, if the driver is unable to do so, and inform them of the facts. (b) Call the owner-shipper of the dangerous goods using the telephone number on the shipping documents. February 2014 Page 85 SAFE WORK PRACTICES (c) Inform the manager of the details and action taken. The manager will: (a) In the event of a major accident, inform the O.H.&S. office and CEO. Our responsibility in general and in addition to the above, is to do everything which we are immediately capable of doing to deal with the spill, to contain it, to clean it up in an acceptable fashion and to restore the environment as well as to reduce the impact of loss to third parties and to ourselves. Employees of The Shaw Group Limited are to be instructed in conjunction with this written policy. The safety coordinator will prepare or follow a training schedule which will allow for training of: (a) Previously untrained employees, (b) New employees (c) Employees who change jobs within The Shaw Group and will require additional training. Training schedules are to be prepared in cooperation with each manager. Managers will retain copies of certification at an employee's normal place of employment. TRUCK SAFETY EQUIPMENT During a pretrip inspection, drivers are required to inspect all accessory safety equipment to ensure they are in place and in serviceable condition. Each truck will be equipped with the following: 1. 1 fire extinguisher 2. 1 first aid kit 3. 3 flares 4. 3 triangular reflectors Please ensure that all missing or defective equipment is reported and replaced by the Maintenance Department. UNLOADING PROCEDURES FOR PNEUMATIC TANK TRAILERS 1. Check with customer to see that the silo is clear to unload as individuals could be inside performing maintenance or inspections. 2. Hook up blower and discharge hoses. 3. Start blower and pressurize tank to 12 - 15 PSI or less depending on product being unloaded. 4. Open air regulator valve approximately half way and open either centre or rear hopper valve. 5. When tank pressure starts to drop, open next hopper valve and close previous valve. 6. Follow same procedure for front hopper. 7. When front hopper cleans out, clean out other hoppers allowing pressure to drop to 5 lbs. each time. 8. When tank is empty, shut off blower and open blowdown valve. Carefully remove discharge and blower hoses. 9. No person should operate a tank until they have received proper instructions or training. 10. No person should ever be on top of a tank or around hatch covers when tank is pressurized. 11. If leaks should occur in lines or around hatch covers, all pressure shall be drained off before investigating. 12. Never allow tank pressure to exceed 15 PSI. Pressure relief valves shall always be operational on both blower and tank. W INTER DRIVING Safe winter driving is largely the application of basic facts. Since a driver has to be on the highway in bad weather, the driver shall always expect the unexpected. Adjust your driving to the conditions ahead and remember that other drivers on the highway may not be as knowledgeable when driving in adverse conditions. February 2014 Page 86 SAFE WORK PRACTICES Weather conditions such as rain, snow, sleet, fog or icy roads have never caused an accident. They are only contributing factors in the final analysis. Drivers who fail to adjust their driving to these conditions are the number one cause of accidents. The careful driver keeps the following safety points in mind: (a) When starting out, get the feel of the road by trying your brakes while traveling slowly, before you enter the traffic flow on highways. (b) On wet, snowy or icy roads, reduce speed so you can stop when faced with an emergency. (c) On slippery roads, apply brakes lightly and intermittently to prevent lock-up which reduces control of your vehicle. (d) Danger has to be seen and recognized to be avoided. Keep your windshield and windows clean to improve visibility. W ELDING & CUTTING The following procedure provides minimum requirements and recommendations for the protection of persons from injury and illness and the prevention of damage to property arising from the installation, operation and maintenance of equipment used for welding, cutting and allied processes. Welders shall have knowledge of and follow safe welding and cutting procedures as described in CSA Standard "Safety in Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes" CAN/CSA - W117.2-M87 and Industrial Safety Regulations under the Occupational Health and Safety Act. RESPONSIBILITY The employer shall: -Ensure equipment is in safe working order and is properly maintained. -Conduct hazard assessment. -Implement engineering controls wherever possible. -Ensure personal protective equipment, as required, is used. -Conduct health monitoring where required. -Conduct training in health and safety procedures. -Conduct inspections of welding work areas. The employee shall: -Operate welding equipment in a safe manner. -Use personal protective equipment provided. -Report unsafe conditions or equipment to Supervisor. -Become knowledgeable in welding health and safety procedures. HAZARDS Welding and cutting present certain potential hazards to welding personnel which can result in short and/or long term health effects. The potential hazards include: Electric Shock -Radiation (ultraviolet, visible light and infrared) Burns Fumes, Gases Noise 1. Electric Shock Arc welding power units are protected by C.S.A. standards. The welding machine shall be in a dry location. Cables shall be in good conditions and properly connected. Neglect of such precautions could cause electric shock. Periodic checks of equipment for loose or corroded connections, cable damage, dirty or defective February 2014 Page 87 SAFE WORK PRACTICES jaws of electrode holders and ground clamps is a practical habit to ensure good welding and safe conditions. The electrical equipment shall be well grounded. The clamp at the end of the "ground lead" shall be attached to "the work" or piece of work being welded. This connection shall be as close as possible to prevent stray current damage to electrical equipment, bearings, etc. Other than routine adjustments, leave repairs to the electrical equipment to qualified electricians. Gasoline or diesel-driven equipment shall be operated only when the engine fumes can be vented outdoors. Carbon monoxide from such a source can be fatal. Never switch the polarity of a gas driven electric welder in operation. Shut the machine off to make the change. 2. Burns (a) Radiation - The electric arc welding processes transmits both ultra-violet, visible light and infrared rays. These are the same rays transmitted by the sun but are much closer and can damage eyes and exposed skin quickly. Appropriate eye and face protection shall be selected in accordance with CSA Standard Z94.3 and shall bear some permanent distinctive marking to identify the manufacturer, shade number and whether glass or plates are impact resistant. During arch welding and arc cutting with open arcs, helmets or safety goggles with filter lenses and cover plates shall be used by welders, welding personnel and others viewing the arc. Contact lenses shall not be worn by welders, or welding personnel because of the potential for serious eye injury (CSA Standard Z94.3). (b) Other Types of Burns - Burns not associated with the arc radiation can result from contact with hot parts or welding sparks and spatter. Clothing material shall protect skin from sparks, spatter or radiation. Woollen clothing is less easily ignited than cotton. Coveralls should be of flame resistant or flame retardant material (see Body Protection). Welders shall wear flame resistant gauntlet gloves and aprons or leggings to protect against sparks and radiant energy. Capes or shoulder covers shall be worn during overhead welding or cutting. Fire resistant skull caps may be worn under helmets. Sleeves and collars shall be kept buttoned. Trousers shall overlap shoes to prevent spatter from entering boots. Flammable or combustible materials (ie - butane cigarette lighter) shall not be carried on a person where sparks or spatter may come in contact. 3. Fumes & Gases For welding and cutting operations on non-ferrous or galvanized metals, extra ventilation will be needed. Some circumstances, it will be necessary to provide the operator with a mask or respirator. The closer the operator is to the job, and the more confined the space, the greater is the danger of fume inhalation. Exposure to zinc fumes arising from galvanized metal will result in metal fume fever or "zinc chills". Cadmium and lead fumes (e.g. from rust proof coatings, lead coverings or lead paint) are definitely dangerous. The masks and respirator filters shall be approved for use with these fumes. Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is the most common arc welding process. It is a consumable electrode which melts as it maintains the arc. The electrode is fed into the arc as fast as it melts to maintain a constant arc length. The electrode is coated with a complex mixture of chemical compounds which perform important functions in the welding process. The major types of metals that are welded are: mild steel (an alloy of iron, carbon, silicon, and small percentages of molybdenum or manganese) Stainless and high alloy stick (containing iron, nickel, chromium, and occasionally cobalt, vanadium, manganese, and molybdenum) Aluminum (either pure or as an alloy also containing magnesium, silicon, and occasionally chromium) Galvanized steel (steel that has been coated with a layer of zinc to prevent corrosion February 2014 Page 88 SAFE WORK PRACTICES Welding fumes are very small and can be easily inhaled. While in the respiratory system, some fume particles may dissolve in the lungs and be transported by the blood to other parts of the body, where they may have toxic effects. Irritation of the nose, throat and lungs can result from inhalation of welding fumes containing cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, nickel, molybdenum, titanium and zinc. Gases are air-like substances with physical properties resembling air. In welding, gases come from the action of heat or radiation from the welding arc on the surrounding air, action of heat or radiation on contaminants in the surrounding air, decomposition of electrode coatings, and shielding gas used in some arc welding processes. The major gases generated during welding of unprimed metals include ozone, nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. 4. Noise Air carbon arc cutting and gouging and plasma arc (PA) processes (except submerged PA cutting) generates significantly high noise levels. Where required, hearing protection shall be provided and worn (refer to procedure for Hearing Protection). BACKFIRES & FLASHBACKS A backfire occurs when the flame burns back into the tip, usually accompanied by a loud popping sound. Backfires usually are caused by touching the top against the work or by using gas pressure too low. Flashback is a more serious matter. Flashback is caused when the flame burns back inside the torch with a squealing or hissing sound. This can be very dangerous and when it happens, turn off the oxygen torch valve immediately, then turn off the acetylene. After the torch valves have been shut off, close the cylinder valves. Shutting off the oxygen first is considered safer. If the acetylene torch valve is shut off first, the higher pressure of the oxygen could suck the torch flame back through the hoses with the possibility of an explosion. "Shut Off The Oxygen First!" Repeated flashbacks point to serious trouble in the equipment and shall be eliminated before re-using. When lighting any oxy-acetylene equipment, never use matches. Always use a spark lighter. Gas-filled lighters should not be carried by welders because of their explosive nature if penetrated by a spark. Flashback arrestors are required when performing this work. For further information refer to: CSA: "Safety in Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes" CAN/CSA - W117.2-M87 NIOSH Criteria for Standard - "Welding, Brazing and Thermal" Cutting - April 1988 Canadian Center for Occupational Health & Safety - "Control of Exposure to Welding Fumes and Gases" - P85-7E, May 1985 CARE OF CYLINDERS IN W ELDING When moving cylinders, the valve protective cap shall be in place. Never hoist a cylinder by the protective cap. Avoid dropping cylinders on the ground. They could burst or the valve might be broken off or damaged. Use a cylinder truck or chain cylinders to a firm support so they cannot topple over. Never strike an arc on a gas cylinder. February 2014 Page 89 SAFE WORK PRACTICES Keep cylinders well away from open flames or excessive heat of any kind. Even exposure to the hot sun for long periods of time can cause a dangerous rise in gas pressure within a cylinder. Always check carefully and eliminate gas leaks at cylinder valves, regulators and torch connections. Use soapy water to detect leaks. Never use an open flame. Ensure that the cylinder valve threads are free of oil, grease or dirt. Then "crack" each valve for an instant to blow dirt from the nozzle. Never use oil of any kind on threads. Always stand beside or behind the valve nozzle, never directly in front. Oxygen regulators and hoses are green in color and have right hand threads. Acetylene regulators and hoses are red in color and have left hand threads. Before opening cylinder valves, release the regulator pressure adjusting knobs by turning counterclockwise. Slowly open the oxygen valve until maximum pressure is reached. The oxygen valve has two seats - one closed seat and one open seat. It should be opened all the way. Turn the pressure adjusting screw on the oxygen regulator to desired pressure. Always purge both lines by opening torch valves before lighting torch. Open the acetylene cylinder valve not more than one full turn. The use of reverse flow check valves on regulator outlet and torch inlet connections is required to reduce the possibility of mixing gases in the hose and regulators. They are designed to REDUCE the possibility of reverse flow of gases but shall not be relied on to justify careless handling of oxy-acetylene equipment. They can become damaged or inoperative during use. Acetylene cylinders are equipped with fusible metal safety plugs which melt at about 1000C or 2120F; the boiling point of water. These plugs, usually of hexagonal shape, are threaded into the cylinder head and bottom on most cylinders. Do not tamper with these plugs or permit a torch flame to come in contact with them. Keep cylinders away from overhead welding and cutting operations which would permit hot slag to drop onto the cylinder head and melt the plugs. The same precautions shall be taken to prevent the build up of sparks or slag at floor level and not melt the bottom plugs. CONFINED SPACES & EMPTY VESSELS Welding and cutting in confined spaces calls for additional safety measures. It is sometimes necessary to weld or cut on or in vessels which may have contained oils or paints or other substances likely to give off explosive or inflammable vapors. Even if such vessels are considered to be empty, and have been for some time, it shall be remembered that residues are likely to remain as a thin surface film. These residues will be evaporated by the heat of the process, with the possibility of forming an accumulation of dangerous vapors. Whenever work is stopped and the operator leaves the space, all welding and cutting equipment shall also be removed. Fire extinguishing and first aid equipment shall be available at a moment's notice and provision shall be made to call for help should it be needed. Refer to procedure for Confined Space Entry. COMPRESSED GASSES Acetylene is a highly flammable hydrocarbon fuel which, with oxygen in the oxy-acetylene process, produces industry's hottest flame (5900oF) (3255oC). Acetylene is very unstable and can become dangerously explosive if compressed above 15 psig in the free state. Acetylene cylinders, therefore, are packed with porous material that is saturated with acetone in which the acetylene is dissolved. Acetylene can thus be safely stored and transported at a pressure of 250 psig. Never use acetylene above 15 psig. Oxygen is non-flammable and yet, nothing could burn without it. Oxygen is the element in air (21%) that supports normal combustion. In its pure state, and combined with acetylene and some other gases, it February 2014 Page 90 SAFE WORK PRACTICES burns fiercely at great speed. Because pure oxygen under pressure can cause spontaneous combustion when in contact with grease or oil, it is extremely hazardous to bring these substances together. Never permit oil, grease or any other combustible substances to come in contact with cylinder valves, regulators, gauges, hose or fittings. Do not handle cylinders etc. with oily hands or gloves. Never use oxygen as a substitute for compressed air. Oxygen cylinders are filled to a pressure of about 2000 lbs. per square in. If toppled over, and the valve on top is broken off allowing the gas to escape, the cylinder will take off like a balloon will when the air is released. This can be very dangerous considering the size and weight of the cylinder. Clothing will become oxidized when exposed to pure oxygen and becomes very explosive. It can be ignited by static electricity caused by the friction between clothing and body hair. The end result is very serious burns. Operators should be encouraged to refer to gases by their proper names and not use the words "gas" or "air". Refer to "Gas Cylinder Handling". FIRE PREVENTION Owing to the high temperature involved in welding and cutting processes, and the production of hot metal and sparks, it is most essential that fire prevention precautions are rigorously observed. Obviously such precautions are necessary when working around combustibles. In the average welding shop, fire precautions are part of the normal safety routine. Special care is necessary when portable equipment is employed in places where welding and cutting are unusual. Welding and cutting shall never be permitted where explosive gases or vapors, inflammable liquids, or highly combustible materials are in the near vicinity. Combustible materials shall be moved as far away as possible. Combustible materials that cannot be removed shall be protected. Electrode stubs may be dangerous if thrown on a wooden floor or dropped from a structure to combustible materials beneath. Keep fire extinguishing measures at hand and ready for use. When work is finished, the area shall be observed for some time looking for signs of fire. The area shall be thoroughly inspected before leaving. W EST NILE VIRUS (W NV) It is more important than ever to protect yourself from mosquito bites due to the rapid spread of the West Nile Virus (WNV) in North America. In the USA, health officials say that they are concerned for two reasons. First, the onset of illness in the year 2002 occurred relatively early in the summer; second, the illness seems to be afflicting a younger population than in previous years since the virus's detection. These facts have raised concern that the virus may have mutated into a new and more virulent form, but that remains to be proven. To date, Health Canada has reported a total of 394 (80 probable, 314 confirmed) human cases of the WNV in Canada. In Ontario and Quebec, thirteen deaths have been attributed to it. So far, no WNV activity has been identified in New Brunswick; however WNV infected birds have been found in the jurisdictions of Nova Scotia, Quebec and the State of Maine. While everyone should know the facts, if you're an outdoor worker in particular, you should take steps to protect yourself. PROTECT YOURSELF! February 2014 Page 91 SAFE WORK PRACTICES If infected mosquitoes or infected dead birds have been reported in your area, take the following precautionary steps: 1. Minimize time outdoors at dawn and dusk, when mosquitoes are most active. 2. Whenever possible, wear pants and long-sleeved tops when outside. Also, light-coloured clothing is less attractive to mosquitoes. 3. Use an insect repellent containing DEET (follow directions carefully). 4. Make sure that door and window screens fit tightly and are free of holes. 5. Mosquitoes need pools of standing water to breed. Take steps to reduce mosquito populations in your area. Recommended Preventive Action Here is what Health Canada tells us: I . The West Nile virus is spread to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes transmit the virus after becoming infected by feeding on the blood of birds that carry the virus. 2. While anyone exposed to mosquitoes - in an area where the virus has been detected - is at risk of infection, your chance of being bitten by an infected mosquito is small. Studies have shown that even in areas where mosquitoes carry the virus, less than I% of them can transmit it. 3. New research shows that human-to-human transmission is possible through blood transfusion, organ donation, and breast milk. 4. Most people who become infected have no symptoms at all, or may experience only mild flu-like symptoms. 5. Certain people, including seniors, the young, and those with weak immune systems, are at greater risk for serious health effects, including meningitis or encephalitis and sometimes death. In these cases, symptoms could include the rapid onset of severe headache, high fever, stiff neck, vomiting, drowsiness, confusion, muscle weakness, and loss of consciousness. Anyone who experiences the sudden onset of these symptoms should seek immediate medical attention. 6. There is no specific treatment, medication, cure, or vaccination for illness due to WNV. However, many of the symptoms and complications of the disease can be treated, and most people infected with WN virus recover. W ORKPLACE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INFORMATION SYSTEM - W HMIS ALL EMPLOYEES MUST BE CERTIFIED IN WHMIS TRAINING WHMIS stands for W orkplace Hazardous Materials Information System. It is a Canada wide system developed to make it easy for workers to find out about hazardous materials in their workplace. A hazardous material is any substance which can cause illness, disease, or death to unprotected people. There are thousands of materials and chemicals that are used in the workplace which can be dangerous to people when handled without care. The problem is: 1. How do we know which ones are dangerous? 2. How can we protect ourselves? WHMIS is a system that’s based on a law which says everyone has a right to know. W HMIS helps everyone to get this information in an easy way. Suppliers and employers must identify hazardous materials and make sure worker are aware of them. February 2014 Page 92 SAFE WORK PRACTICES Each worker must use the system to protect against harm by: 1. Recognizing labels. 2. Checking the hazards. 3. Following the recommended procedures. WHMIS uses three main things to help workers identify and handle hazardous materials safely: 1. Labels: These alert everyone about the danger of a product and tell where to find out about it. 2. MSDS: These Material Safety Data Sheets contain detailed information on the dangers and how to handle the Material safely. 3. Worker Education: Employers must provide instruction to each worker on how to use W HMIS, what hazardous materials are on site, and how to handle them properly. W ORKING ALONE 1. Any employee required to work alone must be First Aid Trained. 2. The employee must have a form of communication with the Supervisor or other members of the crew. (ie. - cell phone, two way radio, etc.) 3. Any problems related to performing the task are to be reported to the Supervisor prior to starting the task. 4. The “Buddy System” must be used in high risk areas. February 2014 Page 93