The Shaw Group Limited
Safe Work Practices
February 2014
The Shaw Group Limited
Post Office Box 2130
Lantz, Nova Scotia
Canada B2S 3G4
Tel: (902) 883-2201
Fax: (902) 883-1273
Group Members
Shaw Brick
Shaw Precast Solutions
Shaw Resources
Subsidiaries
Clayton Developments Ltd.
MMH Prestige Homes Ltd.
Ven-Rez Products Ltd.
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
Safe work practices/job procedures are general guidelines for the performance of a particular type of work
or activity. Their purpose is to help avoid types of accidents that have historically occurred when using
certain tools, equipment, or performing a particular type of task.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABRASIVE BLASTING.............................................................................................................................................. 1
ASBESTOS................................................................................................................................................................. 2
BACK CARE ............................................................................................................................................................... 2
BACKING VEHICLES................................................................................................................................................ 3
BATTERIES - VEHICLE & EQUIPMENT ............................................................................................................... 3
CELL PHONES........................................................................................................................................................... 4
CHAIN SAW AND POWER TOOLS........................................................................................................................ 5
BASIC ELECTRICAL SAF ETY (F01) ................................................................................................................ 7
ERGONOMICS OF TOOL DESIGN (F02) ........................................................................................................ 8
DRILLS (F03) ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
BELT SANDERS (F04) ...................................................................................................................................... 10
SABRE SAWS, JIG SAWS & RECIPROCATING SAWS (F05) .................................................................. 11
CIRCULAR SAWS (F06) ................................................................................................................................... 12
PLANERS (F07) .................................................................................................................................................. 13
ROUTERS (F08)................................................................................................................................................. 14
EXPLOSIVE ACTUATED FASTENING TOOLS (F09) ................................................................................. 15
PNEUMATIC NAILING & STAPLING TOOLS (F10) ..................................................................................... 16
AIR POWERED (F11) ........................................................................................................................................ 17
CLEANING SOLVENTS AND FLAMMABLES..................................................................................................... 18
COMPRESSED AIR ................................................................................................................................................ 18
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROCEDURE ........................................................................................................ 18
WORK PERMIT .................................................................................................................................................. 22
PROCEDURAL OUTLINES FOR ENTERING MANHOLES.............................................................................. 23
CONVEYOR SAFETY ............................................................................................................................................. 25
CRANE AND HOIST................................................................................................................................................ 26
HAND SIGNALS (B01)....................................................................................................................................... 26
COMMON HAND SIGNALS (B02) ................................................................................................................... 27
VERTICAL, CHOKER AND TURNING SLING HITCHES (B03).................................................................. 28
BASKET AND BRIDLE SLING HITCHES (B04) ............................................................................................ 29
SYNTHETIC WEB SLINGS (B05) .................................................................................................................... 30
HOIST WIRE ROPE (B06) ................................................................................................................................ 31
WIRE ROPE SLINGS (B07) .............................................................................................................................. 32
CHAIN SLINGS (B08) ........................................................................................................................................ 33
SLINGING ONTO OVERHEAD CRANE HOOKS (B09) ............................................................................... 34
OVERHEAD CRANE OPERATION (B10) ...................................................................................................... 35
CRANE PRE-OPERATION INSPECTION (B11) ........................................................................................... 36
CRANE MAINTENANCE (B12) ........................................................................................................................ 37
USE OF MATERIALS HOISTS (B13) .............................................................................................................. 38
PLATE CLAMP INSPECTION (B14) ............................................................................................................... 39
USE OF PLATE CLAMPS (B15) ...................................................................................................................... 40
LIFTING WITH EYE BOLTS (B16)................................................................................................................... 41
USE OF SHACKLES (B17) ............................................................................................................................... 42
WIRE ROPE SLING MECHANICALLY SPLICED ......................................................................................... 43
GRADE 80 ALLOY CHAIN SLINGS ................................................................................................................ 44
COLOR CONTROL POLICY - SLINGS........................................................................................................... 45
ELECTRICAL SAFETY ........................................................................................................................................... 46
EXCAVATIONS ........................................................................................................................................................ 47
EXTREME TEMPERATURE (COLD) ................................................................................................................... 47
EXTREME TEMPERATURE (HOT) ...................................................................................................................... 48
FIRE & THE USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS ................................................................................................... 48
KNOW YOUR EXTINGUISHERS..................................................................................................................... 49
FIRE PREVENTION & PROTECTION.................................................................................................................. 50
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
GENERAL OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS - P.P.P.S....................................... 51
FIRST AID ................................................................................................................................................................. 51
FORESTRY SAFETY .............................................................................................................................................. 52
FORKLIFT AND LOADER SAFETY...................................................................................................................... 52
MOBILE EQUIPMENT DRIVERS' DAILY CHECK LIST ............................................................................... 58
GAS CYLINDER HANDLING ................................................................................................................................. 59
COMPRESSED GAS............................................................................................................................................... 61
CYLINDER STORAGE (I06) ............................................................................................................................. 61
CYLINDER HANDLING (I07) ............................................................................................................................ 62
SET-UP (I08) ....................................................................................................................................................... 63
REGULATOR USE (I09).................................................................................................................................... 64
LEAKING CYLINDERS (I10)............................................................................................................................. 65
GRINDING ................................................................................................................................................................ 66
USE OF BENCH AND PEDESTAL GRINDERS (A04) ................................................................................. 67
GUARDS ON MACHINERY ................................................................................................................................... 68
GUARDS - MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT...................................................................................................... 68
HELICOPTER SAFET Y .......................................................................................................................................... 68
HOISTING PRACTICES ......................................................................................................................................... 69
HOT WORK .............................................................................................................................................................. 70
HOUSEKEEPING..................................................................................................................................................... 71
LADDER SAFETY.................................................................................................................................................... 71
LADDERS - PORTABLE ................................................................................................................................... 72
LADDERS - STEP .............................................................................................................................................. 72
LOADING/UNLOADING VEHICLES ..................................................................................................................... 73
METAL DRUMS ....................................................................................................................................................... 73
MITRE SAWS (E10) ................................................................................................................................................ 74
POLYMER MATERIALS ......................................................................................................................................... 75
POWER LINES/TELEPHONES ............................................................................................................................. 75
PROPANE................................................................................................................................................................. 75
RIGGING ................................................................................................................................................................... 76
SCAFFOLD - METAL .............................................................................................................................................. 77
SCAFFOLD - WOOD ............................................................................................................................................... 77
SPRAY PAINTING ................................................................................................................................................... 78
TOOL BOX MEETINGS .......................................................................................................................................... 78
TRUCKING................................................................................................................................................................ 80
AIR-RIDE TRAILERS......................................................................................................................................... 80
BLACK BOX ELECTRONIC TRIP RECORDERS ......................................................................................... 80
BOOMS, UNIT LIFTS & PIPEMASTERS........................................................................................................ 80
BRIDGE CRANES .............................................................................................................................................. 81
HITCH HIKER EQUIPMENT............................................................................................................................. 81
LOAD SECURITY............................................................................................................................................... 85
LOADING TRUCKS & TRAILERS ................................................................................................................... 85
LOADING & UNLOADING DUMP TRAILERS ............................................................................................... 85
TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS ......................................................................................... 85
TRUCK SAFETY EQUIPMENT ........................................................................................................................ 86
UNLOADING PROCEDURES FOR PNEUMATIC TANK TRAILERS ........................................................ 86
WINTER DRIVING.............................................................................................................................................. 86
WELDING & CUTTING ........................................................................................................................................... 87
BACKFIRES & FLASHBACKS ......................................................................................................................... 89
CARE OF CYLINDERS IN WELDING............................................................................................................. 89
CONFINED SPACES & EMPTY VESSELS ................................................................................................... 90
COMPRESSED GASSES ................................................................................................................................. 90
FIRE PREVENTION ........................................................................................................................................... 91
WEST NILE VIRUS (WNV) ..................................................................................................................................... 91
WORKPLACE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INFORMATION SYSTEM - WHMIS .......................................... 92
WORKING ALONE .................................................................................................................................................. 93
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
ABRASIVE BLASTING
Abrasive blasting, also referred to as sandblasting, is a procedure where small particles of hard abrasive
material (such as sand, grit) are projected by air, water, steam or centrifugal force against a surface.
The
(a)
(b)
(c)
purposes of abrasive blasting are:
To clean a surface of undesirable rust, scale, paint, in preparation for painting, welding, etc.
To deburr - removing tool marks or to produce a decorative finish
To cut or inscribe (ie - monuments)
Anyone conducting abrasive blasting on company premises shall follow all safety precautions as
documented by the Industrial Safety Regulations under the Occupational Health and Safety Act and
NIOSH.
HEALTH HAZARDS
Two major health hazards associated with abrasive blasting are, in order of severity:
(a) Dust inhalation; (b) Noise exposure.
DUSTS
The dusts result from broken down abrasives, pulverized surface coatings and abraded material from the
object being blasted. The solid particles comprising the dusts range widely in size. Those larger than 10
microns settle relatively quickly while those smaller than 10 microns remain airborne longer and are easily
inhaled.
Of particular importance is silica dust (Si02) when used as the abrasive material. Silica exposure may
cause silicosis - a slowly developing lung disease.
Dust concentrations in areas adjacent to sandblast operations can be excessive as far as 23 meters (75
feet) from the operator, even with only a light wind. Particles of silica sand remain airborne for periods up
to 20 minutes. Therefore, keep the helmet on until well clear of the sandblasting area. BREATHING
DUSTS CAN CAUSE SERIOUS RESPIRATORY DISEASES SUCH AS SILICOSIS.
Dust particles can also enter the body through any small open wounds or abrasions and through dust affected foods (eating in work area).
(Refer to section on respirators and medical monitoring for silica exposed employees).
NOISE
With cabinet or room type blasting, the noise problem can be made relatively minor with proper
engineering controls. However, hand held operated nozzles present a serious noise problem. The noise
can lead to a hearing loss. The helmet does not reduce the noise significantly so hearing protection is
still required to be worn. (Refer to section in manual on Hearing Protection).
Other hazards associated with abrasive blasting are media ricochet and mechanical hazards. For all of
the reasons described, personal protective equipment (PPE) shall be worn at all times by anyone
conducting abrasive blasting. The "Potman" shall wear PPE as well.
The following CSA approved PPE shall be worn by the operator:
1. Helmet - air supplied breathing helmet. The helmet shall be maintained in meticulous condition to
prevent risk to health. Suitable respiratory protection shall be worn by potman as well.
2. Continuous air flow of contaminant - free air.
3. Hearing protection - shall be worn by the operator and potman.
4. Coveralls - worn by operator and potman.
5. Heavy leather gauntlet gloves.
6. Safety boots - worn by operator and potman.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
Keep windows of the blaster's hood clear at all times for good visibility. Change the plastic or glass
inserts when they become pitted by the abrasive rebound. The outside of the helmet shall be cleaned
after each use to prevent dirt transfer to the inside. The operator's helmet and hoses shall be maintained
in excellent condition and stored in a clean locker. The operator and potman shall continue to wear their
respiratory protection until they are well clear of the blasting area. Before blasting, it is the operator's
responsibility to ensure the equipment is in safe working condition. Fittings and hoses should be checked
for leaks and ruptures. The deadman remote should be tested as well. Unprotected workers shall not be
allowed in sandblast area. Signs shall be posted outside of blasting area indicating only authorized
persons allowed in blasting area. Health monitoring including x-rays, audiometric screening, spirometry
and health history shall be conducted for blasters and potmen (see respiratory surveillance for silica
exposure.
The "dead man switch" shall be used wherever hand held blasting equipment is used. The "dead man
switch" shall not be removed!
ASBESTOS
Background Information
Asbestos is a general term referring to a group of 30 fibrous mineral silicates. There are six types of
asbestos of commercial importance including: chrysolite (white asbestos), crocidolite (blue asbestos),
amosite (brown asbestos), anthophyllite, tremolite and actinolite.
Commercially, asbestos has been widely used, It's availability and low cost, combined with its properties
of incombustibility, high tensile strength, chemical resistancy and flexibility, made it very popular. Today,
the largest single use for asbestos is as a reinforcing agent in cement products. A variety of lung
diseases are associated with exposure to airborne asbestos. This has resulted in restricted use of
asbestos and strong efforts to minimize exposure. Asbestos fibers, once disturbed, can remain airborne
for long periods of time. These fibers are not necessarily able to be seen by the human eye. Although
regulated limits have been established to protect employees, there is some debate whether a safe limit
exists. Therefore, anyone working with asbestos shall make every effort to avoid exposure.
The three distinct lung diseases associated with exposure to asbestos fibers are: asbestosis, lung cancer
and mesothelioma.
The length of time for development of disease varies among individuals from 2 - 20 years or more.
Symptoms include shortness of breath, coughing, fatigue, sickness. The process once started is
irreversible. Studies have shown that asbestos workers who smoke experience at least a fifty fold
increase in the incidence of lung cancer compared to non-smokers.
Where there is to be asbestos maintenance or removal, employees and contractors working on behalf of
the company shall abide by the applicable Codes of Practice and Guidelines for Asbestos under the
Occupational Health and Safety Act.
BACK CARE
Your back is involved in every job you do - sitting, standing, walking, lifting, bending, reaching, running.
Even when you are resting or sleeping, your back is on the job.
What makes your back hurt
Poor posture Slouching, rounded shoulders, one hip higher than the other. This causes muscle
tension, stiffness, backaches, neck aches and fatigue.
Lack of exercise The muscles that support your back need regular exercise to stretch them and
keep them strong.
Overweight
A big stomach creates a pull on your back muscles and strains our abdominal
muscles.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
Stress
Back sprains
-
Disc problems
-
Osteoarthritis
-
Worry can cause back muscles to tense up.
You can stretch or tear parts of your back just by bending, lifting or reaching the
wrong way.
Sometimes a disc in your spine can get out of line and press on nerves in your
back.
This is often part of getting older.
Use your back safely

Stand easy - rest one foot on a low stool to support your lower back.

Lift right - lift with leg muscles, not your back.

Turn safely - turn by moving your feet, not your back

Walk tall - keep your head up and your chest lifted

Sit smart - pick a chair that supports your lower back. keep your feet flat on the floor and tuck your
buttocks against the back of your chair

Sleep tight - sleep on your back with a small pillow under your knees or on your side with your knees
bent
Lift
-
it right
Get a firm footing
Keep your back straight
Center your body over your feet
Pull the load close to you
Grip with your whole hand
Bend your knees and lift with your legs, not your back
Move your feet to turn - don’t twist your back
BACKING VEHICLES
An unacceptable number of vehicles accidents occur when backing into an area. The implementation of
these safe backing procedures will significantly increase safe driving practices.
1. If available, the driver will use a spotter when backing the vehicle.
2. The spotter will remain visible at all times to the driver. (Safety Vest)
3. The driver will obey the spotter directions.
4. In the event a spotter is unavailable, the driver will exit the vehicle and do a complete walk-around
to ensure his route is unobstructed.
BATTERIES - VEHICLE & EQUIPMENT
1.
Batteries give off explosive gases. Never smoke around any batteries.
2.
The electrolyte causes burns to the skin and is corrosive.
3.
To remove a battery, begin by disconnecting the earth lead in order. To reduce the risk of sparks
which can cause fire, always connect the earth lead last when fitting a battery.
4.
Never tilt a battery in any direction, otherwise the battery electrolyte may leak out.
5.
Do not connect a discharged battery in series with a fully charged one, otherwise the current surge
can cause the batteries to explode.
6.
Make sure that metal objects (such as tools, rings, watch straps etc.) do not come in contact with
battery terminals. There is a risk of injury and fire. Always re-fit the pole stud and terminal
protections to the batteries.
7.
Batteries contain substances dangerous to the environment. They must therefore, when subject to
disposal, be treated according to local and national regulations.
8.
Because of current surge, the batteries may explode if a fully charged battery is connected to a
discharged battery. Such an explosion can cause injuries
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
9.
During rapid charging of batteries, always remove the cell caps. When a battery is being charged,
an explosive mixture of oxygen and hydrogen is formed. A short circuit, an open flame or a spark
near the battery can cause a powerful explosion. Always turn off the charging current before
disconnecting the charging clamps. Ventilate will, particularly if the battery is being charged in a
confined space.
10. The battery electrolyte includes corrosive sulfuric acid. Any electrolyte that is spilled on the skin
should be removed immediately. Wash with soap and plenty of water If electrolyte gets into your
eyes, or any other sensitive part of the body, rinse off immediately with plenty of water and seek
medical advice.tice made pursuant to the Occupational Health and Safety Act "Managing Asbestos
in Buildings", Nova Scotia Department of Labour, July 1988
CELL PHONES
The Shaw Group Limited has set the objective to assist employees to attain/maintain their potential level
of health and safety in the workplace through health and safety education, accident and hazard
prevention and promotion of personal health and safety. With the increased use of cell phones for the
purpose of our business, it is necessary to set safety guidelines for the use of cell phones in vehicles.
Blasting/Explosive Area
To avoid interfering with blasting operations, turn your phone OFF when in a blasting area or in areas
posted: “Turn off two-way radio” Obey all signs and instructions. Note: Turn your phone OFF when in
any area with a potentially explosive atmosphere. These areas are not always, clearly marked. They
include fueling areas such as gasoline stations; below deck on boats; fuel or chemical transfer or storage
facilities; areas where fuel odors are present, i.e. if a gas/propane leak occurs in a car or home; areas
where the air contains chemicals or particles, such as grain, dust or metal powders.
Driving
1. Familiarize yourself with your cell phone and learn how to use while your vehicle is stationary.
2. Position your phone in a convenient place within easy reach. Learn to use it without looking at it so
you can keep both eyes on the road.
3. If available install a hands-free device and use it instead of picking up the receiver. That way you’ll
have both hands on the wheel and you’ll be able to react more quickly to unexpected situations.
4. DON’T dial while driving. Taking you eyes off the road even for a second is dangerous. Place your
call at a traffic light, stop sign or pull off the road. Give full attention to driving-driving safely is your
first responsibility.
5. Use the speed dial and re-dial features whenever possible.
6. Stressful or emotional conversations divert your attention from the road. Pull over, and finish your
conversation or call back later.
7. Use you mobile message service to take your incoming calls when it’s unsafe to answer your phone.
8. Don’t try to take notes, make lists or look up phone numbers while driving. This may seem obvious,
but there are many people who try to combine driving and working.
Pacemakers
It is recommended that a minimum separation of six (6”) be maintained between a handheld phone and a
pacemaker to avoid potential interference with the pacemaker. Also do not carry the phone in a breast
pocket and when using the phone, the earpiece should be at the opposite ear of the pacemaker. Note:
Other medical devices may be affected by the use of a cellular phone. Consult the manufacturer of your
device to determine if they are adequately shielded from external energy.
Batteries
All batteries can cause property damage, injury or burns if a conductive material, such as jewelry, keys or
beaded chains, touches exposed terminals. The material may complete an electrical circuit and become
quite hot. To protect against such unwanted current drain, exercise care in handling any charged battery,
particularly when placing it inside your pocket, purse or other container with metal objects. When the
battery is detached from the phone cover it with a protective cover.
Aircraft
FCC regulations prohibit using your phone while in the air. Switch OFF your phone before boarding an
aircraft. Note: Turn your phone OFF in any facility where posted notices so require (ie - Hospitals).
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
CHAIN SAW AND POW ER TOOLS
Chain Saw
A Chain Saw must be equipped with certain safety features:
1. Chain brake
2. Throttle - control lock out
3. Handle vibration isolation
4. Safety chain
5. Rear hand guard
6. Chain catcher
Before you start a chain saw, check these features.
The Chain brake must prevent the chain from moving once the brake is applied and the throttle opening
from idle to maximum. Saws must not be operated unless this standard is met.
Throttle - control lock out - The throttle control lock out must prevent the throttle from being open when
only the throttle trigger is pressed.
Handle Vibration Isolation - All rubber mount or devices used to reduce vibration must be on the chain
saw, in good condition and not loose.
Safety Chain - The saw chain must either include safety devices or be designed to prevent kick back.
Filing Techniques - Safety devices can be made ineffective with improper filing or poor maintenance. You
can prevent this from happening by using the follow procedures. Keep at least 10% of the file above the
top plate of the cutting tooth when filing. Less than 10% will mean that you are filing a hook in your chain.
Maintain the manufacturer's top plate cutting angle. Use the correct file size. Your depth gauge must not
be lower than .0127 cm (0.005 in) from the manufacturer's specification. Use a filing gauge when filing
the cutters and a depth gauge jointer when filing the depth gauges. Never file down or modify a safety
link designed to prevent kick-back.
Your chain should not be loose on the guide bar. For proper tension, make sure the tie straps of the
chain are in contact with the bar rails on the bottom of the guide bar.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
The rear hand guard is installed under the rear handle. It is designed to prevent the chain from whip
lashing around the operator's hand if the chain breaks or leaves the guide bar. The chain catcher is
installed on the body of the saw below and ahead of the drive sprocket. It is designed to prevent the
chain from whip lashing should the chain break or leave the guide bar.
When starting a cold chain saw, hold the front handle on the ground or against a solid object that is below
your waist level with your right hand and pull the starter cord with the left hand. The saw may be started
in any comfortable position provided the chain brake is on to prevent the chain from turning.
When operating a chain saw, hold the saw firmly with both hands. Place your thumb under the front
handle, this reduces the chance that the saw will be wrenched from your hands if a kick back occurs.
Never use the upper half of the guide bore tip to limb, brick or start a felling or boring cut. If you use this
part of the bore, the cutters will hook the wood and the saw will kick back. Kick back will be significantly
reduced by using a low profile chain on a slim line bar.
Make sure the saw is switched to the off position or the chain brake is engaged when you carry the saw.
Don't carry it on your shoulder unless the chain is guarded and the guard is firmly secured to the saw.
Do not refuel the saw while the engine is running. Move the chain saw at least 3m (10 feet) from the
place where you refueled it before starting.
Clothing worn when operating a chain saw:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Hard hat,
Hearing protection,
Face screen, safety goggles or safety spectacles,
Leg protection that is chain saw cut resistant,
Boots with CSA Class A steel toe caps.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
BASIC ELECTRICAL SAFETY (F01)
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
ERGONOMICS OF TOOL DESIGN (F02)
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
DRILLS (F03)
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
BELT SANDERS (F04)
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
SABRE SAW S, JIG SAW S & RECIPROCATING SAW S (F05)
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
CIRCULAR SAW S (F06)
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
PLANERS (F07)
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
ROUTERS (F08)
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
EXPLOSIVE ACTUATED FASTENING TOOLS (F09)
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
PNEUMATIC NAILING & STAPLING TOOLS (F10)
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AIR POW ERED (F11)
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
CLEANING SOLVENTS AND FLAMMABLES
Cleaning solvents are used in the day-to-day construction work to clean tools and equipment. Special
care must be taken to protect the worker from hazards which may be created for the use of these liquids.
Whenever possible, solvents should be non-flammable and non-toxic.
The Supervisor/Foreman must be aware of all solvents/flammables that are used on the job, and be sure
that all workers who use these materials have been instructed in their proper use and any hazard they
pose.
The following instructions or rules apply when solvents/flammable are used:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Use non-flammable solvents for general cleaning;
When flammable liquids are used, make sure that no hot work is permitted in the area;
Store flammables and solvents in special storage areas;
Check toxic hazards of all solvents in special storage areas;
Provide adequate ventilation where all solvents and flammables are being used.
Use goggles or face shields to protect the face and eyes from splashes or sprays.
Use rubber gloves to protect your hands.
Wear protective clothing to prevent contamination of worker’s clothes.
When breathing hazards exist, use the appropriate respiratory protection.
Never leave solvents in open tubs or vats, return them to storage drums or tanks.
Ensure that proper containers are used for transportation, storage, and field use of
solvents/flammables.
12. Where solvents are controlled products, ensure all employees, using or in the vicinity of use or
storage, are trained and certified in the W orkplace Hazardous Materials Information System.
Ensure all W HMIS requirements are met.
COMPRESSED AIR
Air powered tools in construction range from stapling guns to jack hammers. If not treated with respect,
these tools can become a powerful enemy rather than a servant.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Compressed air must not be used to blow debris or to clear dirt from any worker’s clothes.
All hose connectors must be of the quick disconnect pressure release type.
Wear personal protective equipment such as eye protection and face shields and ensure other
workers in the area are made aware of or have restricted access to the hazard area.
Hoses must be checked on a regular basis for cuts, bulges, or other damage. Ensure that defective
hoses are repaired or replaced.
A proper pressure regulator and relief device must be in the system to ensure that correct desired
pressures are maintained.
The correct air supply hoses must be used for the tool/equipment being used.
The equipment must be properly maintained according to the manufacturers requirements.
Follow manufacturer’s general constructions and comply with legislated safety requirements.
CONFINED SPACE ENTRY PROCEDURE
This procedure meets or exceeds the regulations for Confined Space Entry under the Occupational
Health & Safety Act/Regulations.
A "confined space" refers to an enclosure, or partial enclosure, having restricted means of entry and exit,
or that is or may become hazardous because of its design, construction, location, materials, atmosphere
or substance. Confined spaces include tank cars, tanks, pits, vats, vaults, bins, silos, storage tanks,
ship's holds, sewers, ducts, tunnels, pipelines and pits. All confined spaces are considered immediately
dangerous to life or health (IDLH) unless proven otherwise.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
It is the Supervisor's and employee's responsibility to ensure that safe working conditions in or around a
confined space are maintained. However, always assume a hazard exists. It is the responsibility of any
worker who must work in or around a confined space to follow this procedure. Hazards encountered in a
confined space are:
- oxygen deficiency or enrichment
- toxic vapors of gases
- temperature extremes
- electricity (including static)
- moving parts
- slips and falls
- hazardous chemicals
- flammable liquids or gases
- noise
Before any work is allowed in a confined space, that space must be made safe for entry and for the
duration of the work. All existing and potential hazards must be eliminated. Smoking is not permitted in
any confined space at any time.
The Following Procedure Must Be Carried Out In This Sequence:
1.
Isolation - All lines connected to tanks must be disconnected and blanked off. Supply lines must be
physically disconnected or blanked off by flanges placed in the lines. The Supervisor must check to
see that this is done before anyone enters the confined space.
2.
Lockout - Line disconnect switches or controls supplying power to any mechanical apparatus in the
space such as mixes, conveyors, etc., must be tagged and locked in the "off" position by the person
who will be entering the confined space. The key for the lock is kept by the person who placed the
lock and only that person is authorized to unlock the switch and remove the tag upon completion of
the job. Where more than one individual will enter the confined space, each will place their own lock
and tag. Removal of fuses is encouraged.
3.
Cleaning, Purging and Ventilation - Once the confined space is isolated, it must be cleaned, purged
and ventilated. Purging should be done into the outside air.
The extent of these three procedures depends on the nature of the material in the space, the level of
residue, amount of scale buildup on the inside walls, the size and location of manholes, batches and
vents. Confined spaces must be cleaned of all sediment, sludge or residue since even small amounts
can create lethal quantities of hazardous gases or vapors.
The confined space must be ventilated with fresh air prior to entry. Confined spaces must be ventilated
by either natural or mechanical means but the effectiveness of natural ventilation method is unreliable.
After the confined space has been cleaned, purged and ventilated, the atmosphere shall be retested for
oxygen level, combustibility and toxicity. If the tests still show positive for any hazard, further cleaning,
purging and ventilation may be required.
Atmospheric Testing
Testing of the atmosphere prior to and during confined space entry shall be done.
No entry to the confined space shall be made when:
1. Explosive readings are above zero.
2. Oxygen readings are less than 19.5% or more than 22.5%.
3. Toxic vapors or fumes above the safe threshold limit values are present (ACGIH).
Ventilation
Confined spaces shall be ventilated either by natural or mechanical means.
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
Personal Protective Equipment
Those working inside a confined space must wear proper protective equipment. This equipment varies
with the work to be performed and the type of atmosphere present. The equipment may include an
approved respiratory protection device, protective clothing and approved chemical goggles, hard hats,
gloves and safety shoes, and a full body harness and attached life line where reasonable.
Where the atmosphere of a confined space cannot be guaranteed because oxygen readings are less
than 19.5% or toxic gases, vapor fumes are present, self-contained breathing apparatus shall be worn
during the complete duration of entry.
The approved self-contained breathing apparatus are:
1. Self-contained Scott Air Pak - Pressure/Demand - 30 minute duration with alarm at 4 minutes of air
remaining.
2. Supplied air - high pressure - Pressure/Demand approximately 6 hours duration with one person on
300 CF cylinder set at 750 PSI at the regulator.
Cylinders of oxygen or other gases shall not be taken into confined spaces. This does not apply to
breathing equipment.
Protective clothing and respiratory equipment shall not be used as substitutes for proper cleaning and job
preparation.
Employees working in sewers should launder coveralls frequently. Rubberized cotton gloves provide
good hand protection. In wet places, boots or rubber overshoes protect against dampness and infection.
Emergency and Rescue
Emergency rescues from confined spaces are accomplished by a rescue team consisting generally of at
least two persons - an observer and a rescuer. The observer is equipped with a means of summoning
assistance and remains stationed near the entrance of the confined space. The rescuer equipped with
suitable protective equipment (ie - self contained breathing apparatus) goes down into the space to
recover the casualty.
The observer shall always be physically connected to the rescuer inside by a lifeline and harness
assembly and they shall be able to communicate with each other. The observer shall hold a standard
First Aid Certificate and CPR Certificate. The rescue team must be capable of bringing out any worker
affected and may therefore require block and tackle, safety harness, rope, etc.
The free end of the lifeline attached to the harness should be secured outside the enclosed space. It
should be under the control of the observer who will keep the rescuer inside under observation at all
times. The observer should be trained in first aid and in the administration of artificial resuscitation.
Suitable reviving apparatus should always be readily available at the worksite. A portable emergency
alarm shall be within reach of the person attending the lifeline. The alarm should be capable of operating
automatically after being triggered and must be capable of alerting the nearest source of help.
If the inside worker fails to answer the observer or seems to be behaving strangely, or if the alarm sounds
on the monitor in the space, the outside worker must shout loudly to the inside worker to get out. If there
is no response, the outside worker should begin pulling the person up by the harness.
If for some reason someone in the confined space is in trouble and is not attached to a harness, or is
attached to a harness but is stuck, the outside worker must not jump in to rescue. Whatever it is that
overcame the person in trouble is just as likely to overcome the person jumping in! The rescuer must don
a supplied-air breathing apparatus and another person should assume the observer position outside the
confined space. Rescue training is absolutely necessary.
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
Electrical Equipment
All electrical equipment used in confined spaces must be visually checked and tested for continuity
immediately prior to the entry. Where there is a hazard of electrical shock in a confined space, electrical
equipment taken into a confined space is bonded to ground and not exceeding 30V and 100V-amps or
battery operated, double insulated or equipped with a ground fault circuit interruptor of a Class A type. All
other electrical equipment shall be grounded.
All electrical equipment used in confined spaces where flammable gases, fumes, vapors or dust or where
the possibility of flammable gases, fumes, vapors or dust exists, must be explosion proof. All plugs and
receptacles shall be located outside the confined space.
Where electrical lighting is used within the confined space, the worker(s) and guard shall have an
explosion-proof flashlight for emergency escape if power source is lost.
Training and Supervision
The employer must ensure that the workforce has been trained of the following:
- potential health hazards of working in confined spaces
- proper procedures and precautions required for entry
- pre-entry procedures such as lockouts, blanking of supply lines,
atmospheric testing
- use, maintenance and limitations of protective equipment
- proper rescue and emergency procedure
This training must be provided every two years for entry and every year for employees undertaking
rescue operations.
Work Permits
Confined space entries must be planned entries. Work permits shall be completed for all confined space
entry work prior to entry. The supervisor must maintain a copy at the workplace. Such work permits
should specify the conditions for safe entry.
Work permits should be obtained separately for each specific job, location, person and time. Permits
shall not be carried from one shift to the next. A copy of the permit is given to the worker in the confined
space. Work permits are made available at the worksite by the Plant Superintendent. The work permit
shall be kept on file for one calendar year from the date of the confined space entry (sample follows).
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
W ORK PERMIT
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
PROCEDURAL OUTLINES FOR ENTERING MANHOLES
Before planning entry into a manhole, the person in charge of the work operation must ensure that the
necessary protective clothing, equipment and devices are available and workers are properly trained in
their use and care. In addition, workers must be made aware of potential health and safety hazards
associated with manhole entry. Every precaution reasonable in the circumstances shall be taken for the
protection of a worker.
1.
Barricade manhole, set up warning signs at a suitable distance on each side of the manhole and
place a cage or guard around it; detour street traffic if necessary.
2.
Where possible, test the manhole for explosive gases or vapors without removing the manhole
cover.
3.
Lift the manhole cover with a suitably designed hook made to fit a lifting notch in the cover.
4.
Test the entire manhole air space volume for oxygen deficiency and hazardous gases or vapors. If
for any reason air testing cannot be done reliably, the manhole space in question must be
considered immediately dangerous to life or health and appropriate and adequate hazard control
precautions, consisting of forced mechanical ventilation and respiratory protection be taken.
5.
Ventilate the entire manhole air space with a blower (capacity approximately 800 cfm) and a hose for
at least 20 minutes before entering the space. The blowers air intake must be placed in a position
remote from vehicle exhaust pipes and traffic areas to ensure that the supply air remains
contaminant free. Maintain ventilation until work is finished.
6.
Wear appropriate personal protective clothing and equipment, such as coveralls, gloves, non-slip
safety boots, hard hat, safety glasses, body harness and life line; where applicable, the equipment
should be CSA approved.
7.
The life line, attached to the body harness of the worker entering the manhole, shall be tended at all
times by another person outside the manhole. As a rule, there must be at least two men at the top
when one goes below, although with commercially available proper loading arresting and control
descent systems, as shown in Figures 5 and 6, one person may be sufficient; however, these
systems should be field tested for load strength and smooth operation. This is applicable to
manholes 6 feet and deeper.
8.
If it is not feasible to ventilate the sewer space effectively, the worker shall be provided with a self
contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) of known service life. In the case of very narrow manholes
where SCBA cannot be used, the worker shall use a pressure demand mode air line respirator
equipped preferably with an emergency escape device. The breathing air for the respirators shall be
contaminant free and conform to the CSA Standard.
9.
The standby observers stationed outside the manhole must maintain communication with the person
inside and be properly trained and equipped to immediately pull him out in an emergency.
10. One of the standby observers shall be trained in rescue, first aid and in the administration of artificial
resuscitation. For rescue purposes, a self contained breathing apparatus must also be conveniently
located outside, together with a safety harness and a life line.
11. The standby observer stationed outside the manhole must be equipped with a suitable emergency
alarm system or a two way communication device capable of alerting the nearest source of help.
12. When it is reasonable to expect, an entry permit in writing must be obtained from Supervisor before
entry is permitted into a manhole.
13. When testing the manhole air space, the worksite Supervisor must ensure that air testing is carried
out by a competent person.
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
NOTE: The above mentioned procedural outlines must be followed with caution and be considered as
minimum requirements to assure safe and healthful working conditions. They have been abstracted from
a previously prepared Occupational Health Division's draft document on "Recommended Work Practices
for Avoiding Sewer Entry Hazards". For more detailed information on the subject, refer to this document
and other confined space entry manuals or codes, published by reputable regulatory agencies.
Effects of Oxygen Deficiency
Stage
% 02 at
101.3 kPa
Partial Pressure of 02
in Arterial Blood (kPa)
Partial Pressure of
02 in Lung (kPa)
0
21
13.3
18.7
Normal.
1
16
10.0
15.2
Increased pulse and breathing
rates; some unco-ordination; some
impairment in attention and thinking
2
14
8.0
13.3
Abnormal fatigue upon exertion;
emotional upset; faulty coordination; impaired judgement.
3
12
6.3
11.3
Very poor judgement and coordination; impaired respiration that
may cause permanent heart
damage, vomiting, and nausea.
4
Less than
10
Less than 4.4
Less than 9.5
Nausea; vomiting; inability to
perform vigorous movement; loss of
consciousness, convulsions; and
death
Effects
Note: The foregoing table suggests that oxygen deficiency immediately dangerous to life and health is
expected when the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood is reduced below 8 kPa. this type of 02
deficiency usually results from a reduction in the oxygen partial pressure of inspired air and is known as
hypoxic or arterial hypoxia. It should be clearly understood that oxygen deficiency may also occur as a
result of anemic hypoxia or histotoxic hypoxia as described in Clauses J1.3 and J1.4.
Taken from CSA Z94.4 - M1982 Selection, Care & Use of Respirators
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
CONVEYOR SAFETY
All drive belts and pulleys must be shielded with a proper guard. When working on any part of a
conveyor, all power to motors must be turned off and be locked out, plus, lock out key is to be held by
person that is doing the maintenance. This is to ensure that any accidental switching on of power does
not occur.
All conveyors must have safety cables. These cables are installed so power can be cut off to motors in
case of an accident.
Never jump on, reach over, or step over a conveyor while it is running. Work on conveyors will not be
done unless the conveyor is properly locked out. Overhead conveyors that need to be maintained on a
regular basis must have safe access. It should be part of maintenance to do regular checks on belts,
pulleys, motors, guards and safety cables, etc., to ensure they are in proper working order and
satisfactory condition. Always wear approved safety gear while working on or around conveyors and all
other types of machinery.
Bracelets, neck chains, long hair (shoulder length) and other loose jewellery or clothing are not permitted
while working in close proximity to an operating conveyor. Loose jewellery must be removed and long
hair must be tied back and placed inside hardhat. Ponytails are not permitted below hard hat.
Where a conveyor is installed at a height that may result in falling objects causing injury to a person, an
employer shall ensure that it is equipped with guards or other adequate protection to prevent the material
from falling to the workplace below or place an adequate barrier to prevent persons from being under the
conveyor while it is running.
Where the rollback of the load or belt creates a hazard to a person at the workplace, an anti-rollback
device must be installed on a conveyor that carries a load up an incline.
February 2014
Page 25
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
CRANE AND HOIST
HAND SIGNALS (B01)
February 2014
Page 26
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
COMMON HAND SIGNALS (B02)
February 2014
Page 27
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
VERTICAL, CHOKER AND TURNING SLING HITCHES (B03)
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
BASKET AND BRIDLE SLING HITCHES (B04)
February 2014
Page 29
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
SYNTHETIC W EB SLINGS (B05)
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
HOIST W IRE ROPE (B06)
February 2014
Page 31
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
W IRE ROPE SLINGS (B07)
February 2014
Page 32
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
CHAIN SLINGS (B08)
February 2014
Page 33
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
SLINGING ONTO OVERHEAD CRANE HOOKS (B09)
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
OVERHEAD CRANE OPERATION (B10)
February 2014
Page 35
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
CRANE PRE-OPERATION INSPECTION (B11)
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
CRANE MAINTENANCE (B12)
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
USE OF MATERIALS HOISTS (B13)
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
PLATE CLAMP INSPECTION (B14)
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
USE OF PLATE CLAMPS (B15)
February 2014
Page 40
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
LIFTING W ITH EYE BOLTS (B16)
February 2014
Page 41
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
USE OF SHACKLES (B17)
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
W IRE ROPE SLING MECHANICALLY SPLICED
February 2014
Page 43
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
GRADE 80 ALLOY CHAIN SLINGS
February 2014
Page 44
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
COLOR CONTROL POLICY - SLINGS
Shop
(Vaughn)
Record of Filed
Inventory (Vaughn)
Ordering:
W.R. Chain
3/8
3/8
1/2
1/2
5/8
3/4
3/4
1
Inspection, Coding &
Building (Vaughn, Jim)
Pipe Plant Maintenance
Inspection
Building
Coding
(Report to Shop for filing
any new slings built)
Code:
Flourescent Orange 1/4
Yellow
3/8
Green
1/2
Orange
5/8
Red
3/4
Blue
7/8
Aluminum
1
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
With electricity, we are dealing with something that cannot be seen and is still the most useful power
controlled by man. It is useful but can be a very destructive power to both man and material if the proper
precautions are not taken. The danger is always there and we must know what means of protection can
be used to eliminate the hazards. All electrical work must be carried out according to the applicable
Legislation.
Temporary Electrical Installations
ONLY qualified and competent employees shall be allowed to perform any kind of electrical work. Job
Foremen have the responsibility of making certain that electricians have been provided with and use the
proper protective equipment.
General Precautions:
1.
Do not overload circuits.
2.
Use proper size wire for amps to be carried and also for grounding.
3.
All circuits must be fused or circuit breakers installed to give adequate protection.
4.
Wire must be protected form vehicle traffic.
5.
Temporary wiring must not be hung over nails, rebar or other metal objects.
6.
Periodic inspections should be made of all temporary electrical systems to ensure they are all in a
safe condition.
7.
If a circuit is de-energized for any reason, tag and/or lock it “out of service” until it can be safely
returned to service.
8.
Wherever possible, an electric line should be de-energized before work is done on it no matter how
small the voltage. Only qualified persons should do such work.
9.
When working in or on energized substations, transmission lines, power plants, etc., use every
safeguard necessary.
10. Employees doing electrical work should wear approved electrical hard hats as well as other
equipment.
11. Do not carry material on your shoulders or in your arms while working around energized equipment.
12. Ground all electrical equipment and circuits.
13. All electrical equipment must meet Provincial Regulation and must be CSA approved.
14. All equipment must maintain the proper distances from power lines.
Minimum Distance
Voltage Distance
750 volts, up to 69,000 volts
69,000 volts, up to 138,000 volts
138,000 volts and over
3 Meters (10 ft.)
5 Meters
6 Meters (20 ft.)
Know the hazards of electricity. It will help prevent injuries or even death!
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
EXCAVATIONS
General
1.
Prior to commencing an excavation, a hazard assessment should be done to determine the
possibility of underground services or other hazards which may be present.
2.
Employees shall not enter an excavation or trench that is greater than 1.2 meters (4 feet) deep,
unless:
(a) The walls are sloped on a 1 foot vertical rise to a 1 foot vertical run.
(b) Employees do not enter within the horizontal distance of the walls of the excavation or trench
that is equal to the height of the walls.
(c) The excavation or trench is cut in solid rock.
(d) A professional engineer has certified, in writing, that the walls of an excavation or trench are
stable and that there is no hazard to a person within the walls of the excavation or trench.
3.
Excavated material shall be kept at least 1 meter (3 feet) away from the edge of an excavation or
trench.
4.
A ladder is provided every 15 meters (50 feet) in an excavation or trench that is greater than 1.2
meters (4 feet) deep. The ladder shall also extend to a least 1 meter (3 feet) above the excavation
or trench unless there is another suitable means of access or egress.
5.
Adequate precautions to prevent unauthorized access to an excavation or trench shall be taken
when these are required to be left open.
Note: Cave-in’s do occur, the injuries are generally serious and often the result is death.
EXTREME TEMPERATURE (COLD)
The human body senses and compensates for temperature changes. When the body reaches its
compensation limit, other procedures must be instigated such as protective clothing, altered work
procedures, etc.
Hypothermia results when the body continues to lose heat.
Involuntary shivers begin. This is the body’s way of attempting to produce more heat and it is usually the
first warning sign of hypothermia. Many cases of exposure have occurred in temperatures well above
freezing. How cold the body gets depends on many factors, not just air temperature.
Heat loss from convection is probably the greatest and most deceptive factor in loss of body heat. When
the air is still and the temperature is minus 1 oC the body will feel cool. Given the same temperature and
a wind of 40 km/hr, it will feel bitterly cold. In essence the wind blows away the thin layer of air that acts
as an insulator between the skin and the outside air temperature.
The wind chill index is probably the best known and most used of cold-stress indices. The wind chill
index should be consulted by everyone facing exposure to low temperature and wind.
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
EXTREME TEMPERATURE (HOT)
Extreme Heat has a significant impact on a worker’s performance.. Performing physical activity in
extreme heat can quickly cause dehydration, exhaustion and heat stroke. All personnel must be
constantly aware of the effect that extreme heat has and take safety precautions to avoid injury. The
following practices can be utilized when working in these conditions.
1.
More frequent rest breaks. Lunch in a shaded area if possible. Supervisory staff must ensure that
employees take full advantage of breaks.
2.
Increased amount of drinkable water which is easily accessible.
3.
Increase monitoring of work sites by supervisory staff.
4.
Use of tinted glasses or sunglasses to relieve eye strain from the sun. Note - CSA approved safety
glasses are available with tinted lenses.
5.
Use lotion or sun block to avoid sunburn.
First Aid Information
1.
Heat Cramps are painful muscle spasms of legs and abdominal muscles that occur with vigorous
exercise and prolonged sweating in a hot environment.
Treatment: Place the casualty at rest in a cool place. Give conscious casualty slightly salted water
and it may be repeated once in 10 min.
2.
Heat Exhaustion occurs when excessive sweating causes a depletion of body fluids and when
conditions prevent the evaporation of sweat to cool the body.
Treatment: Place the casualty in a cool place with feet and legs elevated. Remove excessive
clothing. Give conscious casualty slightly salted water. Place in recovery position. Monitor
breathing. Transport to Medical Facility.
3.
Heatstroke occurs when there is prolonged exposure to a very hot environment with poor ventilation
or overexposure to the hot sun. Sweating ceases, temperature rises rapidly, and can be fatal unless
the body temperature can be lowered to near normal. High body temperature and hot, dry skin
indicate heatstroke.
Treatment: Place casualty in a cool place. Remove excess clothing. Place person in a cool bath or
sponge with cold water. Monitor body temperature and breathing closely. Transport to medical
facility in cool conveyance.
FIRE & THE USE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
Good housekeeping is essential in the prevention of fires. Fires can start anywhere and at any time. This
is why it is important to know which fire extinguisher to use and how to use it.
Always keep fire extinguishers visible and easy to get at. Fire extinguishers have to be properly
maintained to do the job. Where temperature is a factor, ensure that care is taken in selecting the right
extinguisher.
Types of Fires:
Class A:
February 2014
These fires consist of wood, paper, rags, rubbish, and other ordinary combustible
materials.
Recommended Extinguishers: - Water from a hose, pump-type water can or pressure
extinguisher, and soda acid extinguishers.
Fighting the Fire: - ABC units, dry chemical, foam, and carbon dioxide extinguishers.
Page 48
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
Class B:
Flammable liquids, oil, and grease
Recommended Extinguishers: - ABC units, dry chemical, foam, and carbon dioxide.
Fighting the Fire: - Start at the base of the fire and use a swinging motion from left to
right, always keeping the fire in front of you.
Class C:
Electrical Equipment
Recommended Extinguishers - Carbon dioxide and dry chemical (ABC units)
extinguishers.
Fighting the Fire: - Use short bursts on the fire. When the electrical current is shut off
on a Class C fire, it can become a Class A fire if the materials around the electrical fire
are ignited.
KNOW YOUR EXTINGUISHERS
NOTE: All extinguishers require annual servicing or servicing after use
Type of Extinguisher
A
Ordinary
Combustible
* Wood
* Paper
* Cloth
* etc.
Type of Fire
B
Flammable
Liquids
* Gasoline
* Oil based
Paint
*Oils, etc.
Range
Water
Tank
Water
How to Operate
C
Electrical
Equipment
* Motor
* Switches
* Cords
* etc.
Place foot on footrest,
pump handle, and direct
steam at base of fire
YES
NO
NO
9m to 12m
See Below
Stored
Pressure
CO2
NO
YES
if
classification
rating is
greater than 1
A
Halon
YES
YES
1m to 1.5m
YES
YES
2.5 m to 4.5m
Ordinary
Dry
Chemical
MultiPurpose
February 2014
1.5m to 6m
NO
YES
Pull pin, rupture
cartridge, if applicable.
Squeeze nozzle to
release agent. Direct
discharge at base of
flames in a sweeping
motion.
Then direct it gradually
forward or remaining
material that is burning.
YES
5m to 7.5m
Page 49
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
FIRE PREVENTION & PROTECTION
The employer shall provide and properly maintain means of exit that are convenient to and having easy
passage in all areas likely to be used. The means of exit shall never be obstructed.
Everyone must practice fire prevention. Fire can cause damage, down time, jobs, injury and even death.
Escape procedures should be developed at the plant level. If you see a fire and have the slightest doubt
as to your ability to control it with the equipment available, call the local Fire Department. Report all fire
hazards to your Supervisor.
One must recognize the type of fire, the severity and how to control it. Fires generate extreme heat and
poisonous gasses. Most injuries and deaths are attributed to smoke inhalation. Know all exits in
buildings.
SMOKING
Certain locations within the plants contain potential fire hazards and have been designated as "NO
SMOKING" areas. It is your responsibility to know these locations and comply with the "NO SMOKING"
rules.
Persons involved in welding and cutting shall not carry disposable lighters.
FLAMMABLE & COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS & MATERIALS
Keep oily, greasy, paint saturated rags, etc. in metal containers with covers and marked RAGS.
Containers should be painted RED. Store flammable liquids in approved properly marked containers and
put them in their proper area. Propane and gasoline, etc. are to be stored outside in a compound. Never
pour flammable liquids into sewers or drains.
When refueling a vehicle or machine, TURN THE ENGINE OFF. Do not leave vehicle or machine
unattended when refueling. Automatic fuel nozzles do not always shut off, you could have a spill to clean
up which is costly and hazardous to the environment.
FIRE EQUIPMENT AND FIRE PREVENTION
Become familiar with the location of all fire fighting equipment. Learn to recognize and operate the
various fire extinguishers available. Each plant or work location shall have appropriate fire protection
procedures and equipment.
Know the three classes of fires and how to extinguish them:
Type
Class A
Class B
Example
Wood, paper, rags, etc.
Oil, grease, Gasoline, paint, etc.
Class C
Live electrical equipment
Extinguisher To Use
Water, Soda Acid or Dry Chemical
Dry Chemical, Carbon Dioxide or foam
(not water)
Dry Chemical Carbon Dioxide
(not water or foam)
Refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet in your work area to thoroughly understand how your fire
extinguisher should be handled.
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
GENERAL OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS - P.P.P.S.
P
-
P
Pull the pin at the top of the extinguisher that keeps the handle from being pressed. Break the
plastic or thin wire inspection band.
Point the nozzle or outlet toward the fire. Some hose assemblies are clipped to the extinguisher
body. Release it and point to base of fire.
P
-
Press the handle above the carrying handle to discharge the agent inside. The handle can be
released to stop the discharge at any time.
S
-
Sweep the nozzle back and forth at the base of the flames to disperse extinguishing agent. After
the fire is out, probe for remaining smoldering hot spots or possible reflash of flammable liquids.
Make sure fire is out.
Promptly report to your Supervisor the partial or complete discharge of a fire extinguisher. Fire
extinguishers are to be inspected, and this noted on an affixed tag, every six months by authorized
people. Once the seal is broken on extinguisher it shall be taken out of service or replaced by one which
is fully charged. The extinguisher shall be labeled that it is not to be used.
The most commonly used extinguishers are the 20 lb. (9 kg) dry chemical and carbon dioxide with a
stream reaching 5 - 20 ft. (2 - 6 meters). Discharge time is 10 - 25 seconds. Needs no protection from
freezing.
All exits and fire equipment shall be kept visible and free of obstructions. Do not pile or lean materials or
other objects against fire extinguishers; fire hoses, fire doors, or in the fire door exit openings.
IN CASE OF FIRE
1. Use the fire extinguishers strategically located throughout the plant.
2. All employees should be warned and your Supervisor immediately notified.
3. If it is obvious that a general alarm should be given, make certain the fire department is called.
For further information, refer to the Industrial Safety Regulations on Fire Protection under the
Occupational Health & Safety Act.
FIRST AID
Nova Scotia adopted new First Aid Regulations in January 1996 and are available for review, along with
other Occupational Health & Safety Regulations at The Shaw Group Limited.
February 2014
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
While The Shaw Group Health & Safety Program focuses on prevention of injuries, workers will get
scrapes/cuts, or perhaps a more serious injury, which requires first aid treatment. A record must be kept
regarding the treatment provided and the supplies used and will be part of every first aid kit. If you do not
visit the first aid Center, Treatment should be administered by a qualified first aider to ensure proper care
and record keeping. This record is important as it may be the only evidence to establish a WCB claim if
the injury becomes more serious in the future.
Anyone wishing to take first aid training should contact their Supervisor/Foreman. Training will be
arranged through The Shaw Group Management.
FORESTRY SAFETY
Employees and contractors employed by the company who are involved in forestry work as part of their
employment shall follow the contents of the Manual "The Professional At Work In Nova Scotia Forests"
(N.S. Department of Labour, 1984) which pursuant to Section 41(1) of the Occupational Health and
Safety Act is adopted as a Code of Practice in Nova Scotia.
The Code of Practice requires that:
1. The operator of any piece of equipment know how to operate it safely and can recognize defects or
unsafe conditions.
2. A periodic visual check is made of any employee working under hazardous conditions who might not
be able to get immediate help should an injury occur. Checks shall be made at a minimum of two
hour intervals.
3. Chain saw operators do not work in an operating area unless another employee is in the same area.
4. All personal protective clothing worn shall be CSA approved. Refer to Code of Practice for lists of
required protective clothing.
5. An employee working in an area where the sound level is above 85 decibels shall wear hearing
protection CSA Class A or B. As a rule, all saws and mobile equipment used in forest operations
create exposure to this level of sound (refer to procedure for hearing protection).
6. Each forest operation shall have adequate first aid supplies, a means of transporting injured workers
on a stretcher, and a qualified first aider at the job site.
7. Refer to the code of Practice for further information on:
- Operation of chain saw
- Standards for mobile equipment
- Correct logging procedures
- Wood roads
FORKLIFT AND LOADER SAFETY
Safety is an important consideration in operating a forklift. When operating a forklift, the following correct
operating procedure shall be carried out:
1. Only properly trained and authorized drivers should operate forklift trucks
Forklift operators must show competency by going through a training program.
2. Hardhats
Hardhats are required to be worn in all forklifts and loaders.
3. Before starting work, check the condition of the forklift truck
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
Stop and think safety before starting the day's work. No truck should be operated unless it is in good
working condition. Refuse to operate a forklift truck which is in your opinion unsafe. Trucks should
be inspected daily.
4. Immediately report to your Supervisor any obvious defects or required repairs
A defective forklift truck or one requiring repair should be taken out of service until it has been
restored to safe operating condition. These problems may include a leak in the fuel system,
overheating of the truck or parts, and other problems that pose some kind of danger. Do not operate
any forklift truck until it has been completely repaired. Remember, safe handling begins with a safe
forklift truck. Report all accidents involving personnel, building structures and equipment.
5. Don't Overload
Check load weights and handle only within the rated capacity of your forklift truck. Before picking up
a load, be sure of how much it weighs and where its load centre is located. Safe operation requires
understanding and observing the forklift truck's rated load capacity.
6. Always use the proper size pallet
Check the condition and safe loading capacity of the pallet. The sudden collapse of block stacking
often results from a faulty pallet.
7. Set the forks to a maximum possible width
Before picking up a load, make sure that the forks are as wide apart as the pallet or load will allow.
Wide fork spacing keeps the load stable.
8. Watch for loose loads
Handle only stable, safely arranged loads. If a load presents a hazard, use a safety guard such as an
overhead guard or a vertical load backrest extension. When using a safety guard or any other
attachment, take care in securing, manipulating, positioning and transporting the load. When
operating the trucks equipped with attachment, operate as if partially loaded even when not handling
a load.
9. Position loads evenly on the forks for proper balance
When handling wide loads, or off-centre loads that cannot be centered, operate with caution to
prevent tipping over the forklift truck. Also, use caution when handling long length of bar stock,
lumber, etc. Any load that may affect your truck's capacity, especially long or high loads, should be
adjusted.
10. Never elevate a load with the forklift truck on an incline
When on an incline always watch the condition of the surface. When operating on an incline with the
load lifted high, just a slight bump or hole in the floor would be enough to overturn the forklift truck,
and the tilting operation would affect the balance.
11. Do not permit anyone to stand between elevated forks
Never stand or pass, or permit anyone else to stand or pass, under the elevated forks, whether empty
or loaded.
12. Keep hands and feet out of the mast assembly
Never reach through the mast assembly for ANY reason. Just one small mistake could result in
serious injury.
13. Always use the load backrest extension and overhead guard for high stacking
Be especially alert for falling objects when high stacking. Make sure no loose articles are lying on top
of the load. The overhead guard will offer some protection from falling objects, but it cannot withstand
the impact of a massive load.
14. Do not elevate the load with the mast tilted forward
The mast should always be vertical or tilted backward when lifting a load, never tilt forward beyond
the vertical. An elevated load may be tilted forward only when putting it on the stack or directly over
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
the unloading area. Completely engage the load with the load backrest or other means. Carefully tilt
the mast backward or tiltable forks upward to stabilize the load. Caution should be used in tilting
backward with high or segmented load.
15. Carry loads as close to the floor as possible
Keep the forks low 150 to 200mm (6 to 8 inches) off the floor in most cases. Never travel with the
load raised higher than necessary for adequate clearance.
16. Keep the load against the backrest, with the mast tilted backward
When the inching pedal is used, the lift truck may be in slow motion when lifting or lowering loads.
The inching pedal is generally used for stock piling and loading vehicles. All other times when loads
are lifted or lowered the lift truck should not be in motion. And be sure that the full length of the fork is
under the load, with the load against the backrest.
17. Always look before starting
Before starting, first make sure that the direction lever is in the desired position of travel and then
make certain that the road is clear of both people and objects. Trucks should not be driven up to
anyone standing in front of the bench or fixed objects.
18. START g-r-a-d-u-a-l-l-y and stop s-l-o-w-l-y
Avoid quick or jerky starts and stops, particularly when loaded or when stacking. And never turn
sharply at high speed. Bring the forklift truck to a gradual full stop before reversing.
19. Keep your forklift under control at all times
Always drive at a safe speed considering all conditions. Observe all traffic regulations, including
authorized plant speed limits. No matter where you are working, be sure you can safely stop your
forklift truck. No one else but you knows what your limitations are.
20. Always keep a safe distance from other vehicles
Keep a safe distance (at least three truck lengths) behind other moving vehicles to allow sufficient
space for safe stopping under any condition.
21. Never overtake other vehicles
Never pass other vehicles moving in the same direction at intersections, blind spots and other
dangerous places. Always expect the unexpected!
22. Avoid stunt driving and horseplay
Safety is the matter of your own attitude. This is difficult to measure but quickly becomes evident
once you are behind the wheel. It is not your forklift truck.
23. Don't daydream! Stay alert!
Keep your eyes open while driving. Always watch where you are going.
24. Slow down for wet, slippery areas
You know how easy it is to lose control of your forklift truck on wet, slippery places. Driving a forklift
truck is not for winning a Safari Rally, in spite of similar road conditions.
25. Go slow and sound the horn at corners
Go slow wherever vision is limited or obstructed. If your plant has traffic mirrors, use them. Observe
stop signs, stop your forklift truck completely, sound the horn if necessary and then proceed with
extreme caution. When going around corners, slow down to a safe speed and turn the steering wheel
slowly and carefully. Always turn the steering wheel with a steady smooth motion, except when
operating at extremely slow speed.
26. Cross railroad tracks slowly and diagonally whenever possible
A railroad crossing can give a loaded forklift truck a real jolt. For smoother crossing, cross the
railroad diagonally so one wheel crosses at a time. Do not park closer than 8 feet from the centre of
the tracks.
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27. Avoid running over loose objects
Remove hazardous loose objects rather than driving over or around them. Avoid holes and bumps
that might disturb your load.
28. Always watch load and mast overhead clearance
Be sure of sufficient headroom under overhead installations such as lights, pipework, sprinkler
systems, doorway lintels, conveyors. Keep the mast as low as possible in all areas where overhead
clearances are limited.
29. Watch side clearance
Watch your side clearance, especially with wide loads. Where possible, drive in the centre of the
aisle to avoid endangering personnel or equipment.
30. Keep an eye on your distance from edges
Maintain a safe distance from the edge of ramps or platforms while working on an elevated dock or
platform. Make sure you can manoeuver your truck safely at all times. Do not use your truck to open
or close doors of any kind.
31. Keep hands and feet inside the truck
While driving, do not put your arms or legs outside the forklift truck. You only have one set of each.
Take care of them.
32. Watch rear end swing
Because the rear wheels steer your truck, the rear end swings wide when you turn. Use care in
aisles and other tight places.
33. Do not allow the fork tips to strike objects
Extreme care should be exercised when driving near anyone in front of any fixed object. And always
keep the forks down.
34. For better vision with bulky loads, drive backward
If your front view is obstructed by an extra wide load, drive in reverse so you can see where you are
going. Better still, have a co-worker guide you.
35. Observe floor loading limits
Never assume that any surface over which your forklift truck is to operate is strong enough to support
the weight - with or without a load. Make sure that the dockboards are securely fastened and are
strong enough to hold this moving load safely. At times you may need a fixed jack to support the
semi-trailer or supports for the floors of trucks, trailers, railroad cars.
36. Set brakes and place wheel blocks while loading and unloading
When working on a loading dock, make sure that the brakes of the truck, trailer or railroad care are
set and wheel blocks placed behind the rear wheels to prevent movement when you drive on. If the
truck should roll forward, a serious accident could happen. For certain jobs, fixed jacks may be
necessary to avoid upending.
37. Always drive on a ramp with the load facing uphill
Travel in the forward direction when going up and in reverse when coming down any grade in excess
of 10% to keep the load from falling off. Don't descend with the load in front. Drive an unloaded truck
with the bench in the downgrade position. Whether you are carrying a load or not, always go up and
down grades slowly. On all grades keep the load and load engaging means tilted back if applicable
and raised only enough to clear the road surface.
38. Use an assistant when going up or down a ramp with a bulky load
When driving forward up a ramp with a load so big you can't see ahead, get someone to guide you
and make sure the way is clear.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
39. Don't carry passengers
Again, don't use your forklift truck for moving loads for which it was not designed. There is NO safe
place on a forklift truck for a passenger to ride.
40. Shut off your forklift truck when leaving it unattended
Always park on level ground with the forks flat on the floor so no one will run into them. Make sure
that the brakes are set, the controls in neutral and the starter key or battery plug removed. If the truck
must be parked on an incline, place blocks behind the wheels.
41. No smoking while refueling
Turn off the engine when refueling the forklift truck or checking the battery - and don't smoke!
Remember, the driver's seat is not a smoking seat. Other safety tips to remember are: carefully
wash or wipe away any spilt oil or fuel and replace the fuel tank cap before restarting the engine, and
never use a match or lighter or any kind of open flame to check chemical and gasoline levels in
batteries and fuel tanks. Only use approved vehicles in places where there is danger of explosion
and fire.
42. Check the condition of your forklift truck after the day's work
Keep your forklift truck in the best of health by making sure it is clean, free of lint, excess oil and
grease. Use noncombustible cleaning solutions. Your personal care will prevent costly repairs and
reduce down time and make you safer as well as the people and equipment around you. Report any
faulty performance without delay.
43. Know your forklift truck and think safely
Make safety a matter of attitude. Expect the unexpected and use sound judgement whenever you
are behind the wheel.
44. Drive only in well lighted areas
Don't drive in places where it is dark or difficult to see. If the available light is less than 2 lumens per
square foot, be sure that your truck is equipped with auxiliary lighting so your working area is always
sufficiently illuminated.
45. Check for hazardous conditions before starting work
Look around you for conditions that may be dangerous or unsafe. All forklift trucks are not the same,
some have greater capacities than others. Make certain that your truck is suitable for the working
conditions at hand. Only use approved vehicles in places where there is danger of explosion and fire.
46. Approach elevators slowly and squarely
Be sure that the elevator car is level and steady before entering. While on the elevator, set the
controls in neutral, shut off the power and lock the brakes. When using motorized hand trucks, enter
the elevator or other confined areas with the front end forward.
47. Contact your manufacturer before altering or adding equipment
Written approval from the manufacturer must be obtained before any forklift truck can be modified in
which the capacity or safety is affected. Capacity, operation and maintenance instruction plates, tags
or decals must be changed after modifications are made. Furthermore, the position of parts should
not be altered nor should any part(s) be added or eliminated.
48. Clearly mark all attachments and nameplates
All attachments and nameplates should be in place and readily visible.
49. Properly identify forklift truck equipped with attachments provided by other manufacturer
If your truck is equipped with any attachments, such as front end attachment, that are not factory
installed, request that your truck be marked, identifying these attachments and noting other important
information such as the truck's adjusted weight, etc.
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50. Make repairs in safe locations, conditions
Be on the alert for potential fire hazards, for example, when fixing fuel and ignition systems. Also,
disconnect the battery before working on the electrical system.
51. Replace worn or broken parts with proper parts
Forklift trucks won't last forever but they will give you additional years of service if you replace old or
broken parts with parts that are comparable in safety and function with those installed by the factory.
52. Change or charge batteries in designated areas
Exercise caution when changing or charging batteries. the work area should have draining facilities
and adequate ventilation and be free of potential fire hazards.
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MOBILE EQUIPMENT DRIVERS' DAILY CHECK LIST
Truck No.:
Daily Hour Meter Reading
Sat.:
Next Service Hours:
Sun.:
Mon.:
Tue.:
Wed.:
Thur.:
Fri.:
DATE:
Sat.
Sun.
Mon.
Tue.
FLUID LEVELS ( - Okay; X - Needs Attention)
- Engine Oil
- Radiator
- Fluid Leaks
ELECTRICAL ( - Okay; X - Needs Attention)
- Oil Gauge
- Temperature Gauge
- Fuel Gauge
- Amp. Gauge
- Horn
- Lights
- Wipers
CHECK ( - Okay; X - Needs Attention)
- Tires and Wheels
- Mast and Carriage
- Neutral Start Switch
OPERATIONAL INSPECTION ( - Okay; X - Needs Attention)
- Listen for Unusual Noise
- Check Emergency Brake
- Lifting Control
- Tilt Control
- Forward Driving
- Accelerator
- Steering
- Braking
- Reverse Driving
- Accelerator
- Steering
- Braking
- Back-up Alarm
VISUAL INSPECTION ( - Okay; X - Needs Attention)
- Propane
- Relief Valve at 12 o’clock
- No Leaks
- Safety Straps
February 2014
Inspector’s Signature
Wed.
Thur.
Fri.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
Comments: Explain all items needing attention
All comments made in reference to any problems should be made on the back of this page in detail and
handed to the Supervisor immediately.
Caution: This is not a complete list of all items which may require attention. Operators are responsible
for ensuring that the lift truck is in proper working condition in accordance with the manufacturer’s
specifications. DO NOT operate lift truck if problem is detected. Report all problems to the Supervisor
immediately.
Date:
Truck #:
SHAW PIPE
MOBILE EQUIPMENT
WEEKLY CHECK LIST
Mon.
Wed.
Hours: M
W
F
Fri.
Comments
Engine Oil
Trans. Fluid
Hyd. Fluid
Radiator
Visual Check for Leaks
Horn
Visual Check of Tire & Wheel
Visual Check Mast & Carriage
Start and Listen for Unusual Noises
GAS CYLINDER HANDLING
PURPOSE
To ensure that all compressed gas cylinders are stored, handled and used in the safest possible manner.
RESPONSIBILITY
1. It shall be the responsibility of the receiving department to inspect all compressed gas cylinders for
dents, gouges, excessive rust and other physical damage.
2. It shall be the responsibility of operating and maintenance management to ensure that compressed
gas cylinders are stored, handled and used in accordance with these guidelines.
3. Applicable regulations regarding gas installations, licensing and general requirements shall be
followed. Refer to sources cited at end of policy.
REQUIREMENTS
1. When Handling Cylinders:
(a) Do not remove or change numbers or marks stamped on cylinders.
(b) Never move any cylinder unless the protective valve cap is securely in place.
(c) Cylinders should be transported on a hand or motorized truck; they may be rolled on the bottom
edge for positioning.
(d) Cylinders should be protected from cuts, abrasions and other physical damage.
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(e) Do not use slings when transporting cylinders to different levels. Carry them in a cradle or
suitable platform and take extreme care that they are not dropped.
(f) Do not use cylinders for rollers, supports, or any purpose other than to contain gas.
(g) Do not drop cylinders or let them strike each other violently.
(h) Do not tamper with safety devices on valves or cylinders.
(I) When empty cylinders are returned for recharging, they should be marked "Empty" or "MT" with
chalk. The valve should be closed and the valve protective cap should be securely in place.
(j) Always consider cylinders as full and handle them with appropriate care.
(k) Thaw fusible plugs with warm (1000) water. Do not use boiling water or direct flame.
2. When Using Cylinders
(a) Keep acetylene and oxygen in an upright position and secure against accidentally being knocked
over. Propane tanks should be carefully put into position on a forklift.
(b) Keep the protective cap in place when the cylinder is not connected for use.
(c) Ensure the threads on a regulator or union correspond to those on the cylinder valve outlet. Do
not force connections.
(d) Always open cylinder valves slowly.
(e) A pressure reducing regulator attached to the cylinder valve must be used, except where
cylinders are attached to a manifold, in which case the regulator should be attached to the
manifold header.
(f) "Crack" the cylinder valve for an instant to clear the valve opening of particles of dust or dirt.
Always point the valve and opening away from the body or other persons. Never crack a fuel gas
cylinder valve near any possible sources of ignition.
(g) Use regulators and pressure gauges only for gases for which they are designed and intended.
Do not attempt to repair or alter cylinders, valves, or attachments. This work should be done only
by the manufacturer.
(h) Do not attempt to stop a leak between the cylinder and regulator by tightening the union nut until
the cylinder valve has been tightly closed.
(I) Never use oil or grease as lubricants on valves or attachments of oxygen cylinders. Keep oxygen
cylinders and fittings away from oil and grease, and do not handle these cylinders, valves and
regulators with oily or greasy hands, gloves or rags.
(j) Never use oxygen as a substitute for compressed air.
(k) Never bring cylinders into tanks, unventilated rooms, or other confined spaces.
(l) Before removing a regulator from a cylinder valve, close the cylinder valve and release the
pressure from the regulator.
3. Storing Cylinders
(a) Cylinders should
area shall be dry
(b) Cylinders should
(c) Cylinders should
be stored in an area especially prepared and designated for that purpose. The
and well ventilated and shall have a fireproof and level floor.
not be exposed to any sources of excessive heat.
be stored at least 20 feet from highly flammable materials or sources of ignition.
4. Leaking Cylinders
(a) If a cylinder should develop a leak, immediately remove it from service. Close the valve and
move it to a well ventilated location outdoors away from ignition sources.
(b) Rope off the area twenty feet in all directions from the cylinder.
(c) Post "No Smoking" and "No Admittance - Authorized Personnel Only" signs.
(d) Contact the supplier for additional information.
Sources:
"Regulations Concerning L.P. Gas Installations and Equipment", made pursuant to the Nova Scotia
Fire Prevention Act by the Minister of Labour, February 1978
"Propane Installation Code", Canadian Gas Association, National Standard of Canada, April 1991,
CAN/CGA-B149.2M913
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
COMPRESSED GAS
CYLINDER STORAGE (I06)
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
CYLINDER HANDLING (I07)
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
SET-UP (I08)
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REGULATOR USE (I09)
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LEAKING CYLINDERS (I10)
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
GRINDING
General Precautions:
Severe injury may occur if proper protective equipment is not used and properly maintained.
1. Check the tool rest for the correct distance from the abrasive wheel, maximum 1/8” or 3mm.
2. Replace the grindstone when adjustment of the rest cannot provide 1/8” or 3mm clearance.
3. If the wheel has been abused and ground to an angle or grooved, replace the wheel with the
appropriate surfacing tool.
4. Protect your eyes with goggles or a face shield at all times when grinding.
5. Each time a grinding wheel is mounted, the maximum approved speed stamped on the wheel bladder
should be checked against the shaft rotation speed of the machine to ensure the safe peripheral
speed is not exceeded. A grinding wheel must not be operated at peripheral speed exceeding the
manufacturer’s recommendation.
6. The flanges supporting the grinding wheel should be a maximum of 1/3 the diameter of the wheel,
and must fit the shaft rotating speed according to the manufacturer’s recommendation.
7. Bench grinders are designed for peripheral grinding. Do not grind on the side of the wheel.
8. Do not stand directly in front of grinding wheel when it is first started.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
USE OF BENCH AND PEDESTAL GRINDERS (A04)
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GUARDS ON MACHINERY
1. Machines or equipment having exposed moving parts that constitute a hazard to workers shall be
equipped with guards which prevent contact with moving parts, or prevent access to the danger zone
during operations.
2. Guards shall be of a fixed or hinged design constructed, installed and maintained so that they are
capable of effectively performing the functions for which they are intended.
GUARDS - MACHINERY AND EQUIPMENT
PURPOSE
1. To prevent personnel from coming in contact with any revolving or moving power transmission
equipment or parts of machines such as belts, chains, flywheels, sprockets, gears, pulleys, shafts,
spindles, couplings, keys and screws.
2. To prevent personnel from coming in contact with any working part of a machine with creates a
shearing, cutting or crushing action which presents a pinch point, or could be a source of
entanglement.
3. To ensure that all dangerous power transmission equipment and moving parts of machines, so
located that a person can come in contact with them, are identified and properly guarded.
RESPONSIBILITY
1. It shall be the responsibility of management and operators
(a) to identify all parts of revolving or moving equipment or machines that create a contact hazard;
(b) to guard all such parts with effective protective barriers; and
(c) to maintain such protective barriers in a functional condition.
2. It shall be the responsibility of management and operators to ensure that dangerous equipment or
machines are not used or operated unless all hazards are properly guarded.
3. It shall be the responsibility of all operators, or users, to check equipment and machines before use or
operation and ensure that all guards are in place and functional.
REQUIREMENTS
1. All guards shall be substantial, adequately supported and securely fastened.
2. All guards shall be painted a safety color to facilitate identification and make them more visible.
3. All guards should be made with perforated or solid sheet metal, or wire mesh on a frame of angle iron
or iron pipe securely fastened to the floor or frame of machine. Size of angle iron, metal pipe or other
material used, will be the responsibility of the Supervisor and be adequate for the need.
4. All metal should be free of burrs or sharp edges.
HELICOPTER SAFETY
General - In preparation for any helicopter trip the employee shall ensure that he is wearing the proper
clothing and footwear for the time of the year and type of facility or terrain to be visited.
Approach:
1. Approach and leave the helicopter so that the pilot can always see you.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
2. Observe the path of the rotor blades while they are turning (keep an eye on the tip
and keep well under them.
3. Approach or leave the helicopter on the low side in uneven terrain.
4. Stay away from the tail rotor area.
CARRY LONG OBJECTS HORIZONTALLY
In
1.
2.
3.
of the blade)
IN UNEVEN TERRAIN, APPROACH OR DEPART ON THE
LOW SIDE
Flight
Do not disturb the pilot.
Keep seat belts fastened.
Do not leave your seat on landing until the pilot has indicated it is safe to do so.
necessary for the pilot to reposition the helicopter after initial touchdown.
4. Emergency exit release handles are painted red. Learn where they are and be
accidentally release them.
5. Do not throw any object from the helicopter in flight.
Frequently it is
careful not to
HOISTING PRACTICES
General:
Determine the weight of the object or load prior to a lift to make sure that the lifting
equipment can operate within its capabilities.
Balance Loads:
Estimate the center of gravity or point of balance. The lifting device should be
positioned immediately above the estimated center of gravity.
Landing the Load:
Prepare a place to land the load, lower the load gently and make sure it is stable
before slackening the sling or chain.
1. Select only alloy chain slings and NEVER exceed the working load limits.
2. Make sure the hoist or crane is directly over the load.
3. Use slings of proper reach. Never shorten a line by twisting or knotting. With chain slings, never use
bolts or nuts.
4. Never permit anyone to ride the lifting hook or the load.
5. Make sure all personnel stand clear from the load being lifted.
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SAFE WORK PRACTICES
6.
7.
8.
9.
Never work or walk under a suspended load.
Never leave a load suspended when a hoist or crane is unattended.
Inspect slings thoroughly at specified intervals and maintain in good condition.
Inspect each chain or sling for cuts, nicks, bent links, bent hooks, etc. before each use. If in doubt,
don’t use it.
10. Ensure that safety latches on hooks are in good working condition.
11. Ensure that the signaler (if required) is properly identified and understands techniques of proper
signaling.
12. Make sure a tag line is used to control the load.
HOT W ORK
This Safe Work Practice shall comply with the NFC of Canada.
Hot work is the application involving open flames or producing heat or sparks including, but not limited to,
cutting, welding, soldering, brazing, grinding, adhesive, bonding, thermal spraying and thawing pipes.
Training - Hot work shall be performed only by personnel deemed competent by management in the safe
use of hot work equipment.
Inspection - Hot work equipment shall be examined for leakage or defects prior to each use. Any defects
found in hot work equipment shall be repaired or replaced prior to use.
Equipment Not in Use - All valves shall be closed and gas lines bled when Class 2 gas hot work
equipment is not in use. Electrical hot work equipment shall be de-energized when not in use.
Prevention of fires
1. Hot work shall be carried out in an area free of combustible and flammable contents, with walls,
ceilings and floors of non-combustible construction or lined with non-combustible materials.
2. When it is not practical to undertake hot work in an area described in #1,
(a) Combustible and flammable materials within a 15m distance from the hot work shall be protected
against ignition by removing them from the area or by using non-combustible materials to protect
them (ie fire blanket).
(b) A fire watch shall be provided during the hot work for a period of not less than 60 minutes after its
completion
(c) A final inspection of hot work area shall be conducted four hours after completion of work.
3. When there is a possibility of sparks leaking onto combustible materials in areas adjacent to the area
where hot work is carried out, openings in walls, floors or ceilings shall be covered or closed to
prevent the passage of sparks.
4. Combustible materials or building surfaces that cannot be removed or protected against ignition shall
be thoroughly wetted where hot work is carried out.
5. Any process or activity creating flammable gases or vapors, combustible dusts or combustible fibers
in quantities sufficient to create a fire or explosion hazard shall be interrupted where hot work is
carried out.
Fire Watch
The exposed areas described above shall be examined for ignition of combustible materials by personnel
equipped with and trained in the use of fire extinguishing equipment.
Working on Containers, Equipment or Piping
1. Hot work shall not be performed on containers, equipment or piping containing flammable liquids,
combustible liquids or flammable gases unless they have been cleaned and tested with a gas
detector to ascertain that they are free of explosive vapors.
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2. Hot work shall not be performed on a totally enclosed container.
3. Hot work shall not be performed on metal objects that are in contact with combustible materials
unless safety precautions are taken to prevent their ignition by conduction.
Fire extinguishing equipment
At least one portable fire extinguisher conforming to the proper standard shall be provided in the hot work
area.
HOUSEKEEPING
1. Clean-up - Keep your work area clean and safe at all times. Always keep yourself, the equipment
you operate or are using, and your place of work as clean as practicable.
2. Efficiency - Good housekeeping will reduce confusion on the project and will result more efficient
operation.
3. Electric Cords / Hoses - Do not allow extension cords, air hoses, welding leads or oxygen and
acetylene hoses to be placed when they create a tripping hazard.
4. Employee Facilities - Cooperate in keeping toilets, first aid and drinking facilities clean, and in sanitary
condition.
5. Nails - Protruding nails, screws or other materials in from lumber, boards, etc., immediately removed,
bent over or guarded to prevent puncture injuries.
6. Oily Rags and Wastes - Or other combustible debris shall be kept in metal containers provided for
that purpose.
7. Removal of Debris / Garbage - When cleaning up, do not throw or drop materials from upper levels
unless the area below is properly barricaded and proper warnings are posted.
8. Slipping Hazards - Clean up or eliminate slipping hazards such as grease, oil, water, ice, snow or
other liquids on walkways, ladders, stairways, scaffolds or other access ways or working areas.
9. Trash and Debris - Deposit trash, refuse, debris, lunch papers, and other waste in proper refuse
containers.
10. Tripping Hazards - Help keep the construction site, especially roadways, access ways, aisles,
stairways, scaffolds and ladders, clear of obstruction which may cause tripping or other hazards.
LADDER SAFETY
All fixed ladders must meet the ANSI standard A14.3-1992.
Inspect ladder for damage before climbing. Inspect feet, pawls, rungs, rails and halyard (rope). Ladders
with broken or missing steps, rungs, side rails, or other faulty equipment shall not be used.
Portable non self-supporting ladders shall, where possible, be used at such a slope that the horizontal
distance from where the top is supported to the foot of the ladder is 1/4 of the working length of the
ladder. The ladder shall be so placed as to prevent slipping, or it shall be lashed or held in position.
Ladders shall not be used in any horizontal position such as for a platform or scaffold.
Ladders shall not be placed on boxes, barrels or other unstable base to obtain additional height.
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Ladders shall not be spliced together to provide long sections.
Never work from the top three rungs. Always work from a comfortable height. Keep the body straight
with the wall.
Where a ladder must be used which will block a doorway - the doors shall not open towards the ladder
unless the door is blocked open, locked or guarded. Ladders shall not be placed against or supported by
sliding doors or doors opening away from the ladder. Use warning signs when working on a ladder in
doorways.
The pail shelf of step ladders shall not be used, under any circumstances, as a step.
Stepladders shall be fully opened with the locking device set before climbing.
Wood ladders shall be kept coated with a transparent finish such as varnish, shellac or clear preservative
in order that checks, cracks, splits and compression failures can be readily detected. Wood ladders
should not be otherwise painted.
Ladders which have been inspected and found to be defective shall be withdrawn from service for repair
or destruction, and tagged or marked as "Dangerous - Do Not Use".
For more information refer to CSA CAN3-Z11-M81 Safety Code for Portable Ladders.
LADDERS - PORTABLE
Ladders can be used safely if they are given the respect they deserve.
Before using any ladder, make sure that it is in good condition and is the right ladder for the job to be
done.
1. When setting up a ladder, secure the base and “walk” the ladder up into place.
2. The ladder should be set at the proper angle of one (1) meter to every four (4) meters vertical.
3. Before using a ladder, make sure it is secured against movement.
4. When in position, the ladder should protrude one (1) meter above the intended landing point.
5. Workers shall not work from the top two rungs of a ladder.
6. Do Not overreach while on a ladder. It is easier and safer to climb down and move the ladder over a
few feet to a new position.
7. Always face the ladder when using it. Grip it firmly and use the three-point contact method when
moving up or down.
8. The minimum overlap on an extension ladder should be one (1) meter unless the manufacturer
specifies the overlap.
9. Keep both metal and wood ladders, away from electrical sources.
LADDERS - STEP
As with all ladders, make sure that the step ladder is in good condition, and is the right ladder for the job
to be done. Step ladders are to be used ONLY on clean and even surfaces.
1. NO work is to be done form the top two steps of a step ladder, counting the top platform as a rung.
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2. The step ladder is only to be used in the fully opened position with the spreader bars locked.
3. Tops of step ladders are not to be used as a support for scaffolds.
4. Do Not overreach while on the ladder. Climb down and move the ladder over to a new position.
5. Only CSA standard ladders will be used.
LOADING/UNLOADING VEHICLES
Forklift operators or yard personnel shall use caution when loading and unloading vehicles. Unless the
operator of the vehicle has the proper personal protective equipment, the operator of the forklift or yard
personnel shall instruct the vehicle operator to remain in the vehicle. The following are safe work
practices to be used as a guideline for the various types of vehicles that may be loaded at any Masonry
Center or manufacturing site.
1. Company Vehicles - Whether or not they have been contracted for hire by The Shaw Group Limited
When loading product, drivers must keep back from the pallets of product until they are securely
placed on the unit and the lift truck has backed away. forklift operators should never approach a truck
or trailer too fast. Safety is more important than speed. Loads MUST be secured by means of sides,
sideboards, stakes, end gates, tie down assemblies, tarps or covers (N.B. law requires that all
commercial vehicles secure loads with tie down assemblies and the load MUST be covered). The tie
down assemblies used for securing loads against movement in any direction shall have an aggregate
working load limit equal to at least the weight of the article being secured. Shaw drivers or hired
trucks transporting secured loads shall check during a trip at a place off the traveled portion of a
highway, as often as/and in such a manner, as is necessary to maintain the security of the load. Any
vehcile operator not in possession of the proper equipment to secure or not wishing to comply with
the PPE or securing requires MUST not be loaded/unloaded. In addition, it is necessary that all
securing measures be accomplished BEFORE leaving Shaw property.
2. Contractor Vehicles/Public Vehicles
With safety being our first priority, the forklift operator or yard personnel must recommend to the
operator of the contractor/private vehicle any securing measures that are recommended. As we have
no direct authority for the contractor/private vehicle the decision of securing or not lies with the vehicle
operator and there is no other action required by the forklift operator.
METAL DRUMS
Metal Drums are often used around worksites and lunch areas as garbage bins for small scrap items.
They are provided by The Shaw Group for purposes of housekeeping. The drums serve the purpose well
- but only after the top is properly removed. Occasionally there are not enough drums for this purpose
and someone takes it upon himself to remove the tops form the closed drums lying around. The quick
method is to use a cutting torch. This is a highly dangerous practice and should never be used.
Unless a drum is completely purged with steam and/or chemicals there is a high risk of explosion
occurring as heat from the torch vaporizes the contents of the drum. When vaporized, even everyday
substances such as forming oil can be explosively lethal. All it takes is the right air-to-fuel ratio and the
flame from the cutting torch will set off a powerful bomb. Even without ignition, pressure can build up
inside the drum from heat of the torch and cause an explosion.
Drum tops can be removed safely by non-sparking mechanical devices which are specifically designed
for this purpose. Metal drums for good housekeeping, yes - but not at the risk of explosion.
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MITRE SAW S (E10)
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POLYMER MATERIALS
1. Polymer materials (plastics and rubber components) can, when heated, form compounds which are
dangerous to health and environment. Therefore, never weld close to parts made of rubber or plastic.
2. The following safety instructions should be followed:
(a) Do not weld or cut near polymer materials without first having protected them from the heat.
(b) Never burn polymer materials when scrapping them.
(c) Take care when handling machines which have burnt or been exposed to intense heat.
(d) Always use gloves, protective goggles and an approved respirator.
POW ER LINES/TELEPHONES
1. The Shaw Group and Subcontractor do site hazard assessment checking for overhead power and/or
phone lines.
2. Contact power and phone company to check for buried cables.
3. Mark all buried cables in the area to be excavated with stakes and/or orange spray paint.
4. Advise all employees of the location of buried cables.
5. Make all employees aware of power and phone lines. Stress to equipment operators that all
attachments on equipment must be lowered before traveling through site (ie. - dump boxes, excavator
booms, etc.)
6. Place warning signs at entrances and exits to site advising of overhead wires and to lower
attachments before traveling.
7. Brief all equipment operators (boom trucks, cranes, etc.) on safe operating distance from power lines.
NO employee is permitted to operate equipment closer than 10 feet to power lines,
8. If work requires equipment to enter the “Danger Zone” of 10 ft or less, the site supervisor must
contact the power contact power company to have power shut off to lines or have safety insulators
installed, prior to work commencing.
9. Brief all employees on emergency procedures in the event a piece of equipment comes in contact
with power lines:
(a) Shut equipment off
(b) Remain on equipment (unless fire is a danger)
(c) If person must leave equipment - JUMP as far as possible and shuffle feet to safety, Do Not
Ground Yourself.
(d) Keep all persons and equipment away from live wires
(e) Contact power company and fire/police/ambulance as required.
PROPANE
Since propane is heavier than air and invisible, it is a special concern when it is used on the project site.
All installations and use of this product must comply with the Government Legislation set out for its safe
use.
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The supplier delivering the product or setting up the equipment at the site must be part of the safe work
practices.
1. Nylon slings must be used in a “choker” fashion when loading, off-loading or lifting propane tanks.
2. Lifting lugs provided on tanks are not to be used. Slings are to be wrapped around the shell of the
tank.
3. Tank valves and regulators are to be removed from the tank prior to any movement of the tank.
4. Crane hooks shall be equipped with a safety latch.
5. All trucks, cranes or equipment used to handle propane tanks must be equipped with a fire
extinguisher appropriate for the size and type of tank being handled.
6. Except in an emergency, any movement or repositioning of tanks shall be performed by a competent
worker.
7. Tanks are not to be heated to increase flow.
8. When in use, propane bottles are to be securely held in an upright position.
9. Tanks are not to be hooked up and used without proper regulators.
RIGGING
Rigging looks like an easy operation that requires no particular skill or experience. But if you have an
idea that just anybody can do it, you’re on the wrong track. Too many men have lost fingers or hands or
have suffered more serious injuries because they thought, “Anybody can do it”.
Here are some do’s and don’ts to remember:
1. Name one member of the crew to act as the signalman, and instruct the equipment operator to
recognize signals from that person only. The signalman must be careful not to order a move until he
has received the “all ready” signal from each member of the crew.
2. Each rigger must be sure he’s in the clear before he gives an “all ready” to the signalman. When you
have positioned the sling or choker you are using, release it, if possible, before you give the “all
ready’ signal.
3. If you must hold the sling or choker in position, be sure your hand is clear of pinch points. In fact,
your hand should be far enough away so there is no possibility of a frayed wire catching your glove or
jerking your hand into a pinch point. ( of course, frayed cables should never be used).
4. Watch out for the roll or swing of the load. Since it is almost impossible to position the hook exactly
over the load centre, there will almost always be a swing or roll. Anticipate the direction of the swing
or roll and work away from it.
5. Never place yourself between material, equipment or any stationary object and the load swing. Also,
stay away from stacked material that may be knocked over by a swinging load.
6. Never stand under the load, and keep from under the boom as much as possible. Chances are that
nothing will break, but something might.
7. Look over the place where the load is to be set. Remove unnecessary blocks or other objects that
might fly up if struck by the load.
8. When lowering or setting the load, be sure your feet and all other parts of your body are out from
under. Set the load down easily and slowly so that if it rolls on the blocking, it will be a slow shift that
you can get away from.
9. Identify the designated signalman by the use of distinctive vests, armlets etc.
10. Use tag lines to control the leads.
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SCAFFOLD - METAL
These are various types of metal scaffolds and they all have a right and wrong way to be erected. The
misuse of scaffolding is the cause of numerous serious injuries. Every worker who designs or constructs
a scaffold should be competent and know what the manufacturer’s specifications are for the type of
scaffold.
The scaffold type which will be best suited for the job and capable of withstanding the loads to be
imposed on it must be determined before the job begins.
Ensure That:
1. The scaffold you intend to use is the correct one for the job.
2. The location in which the scaffold is to be constructed is level or is capable of presenting secure
footing by use of mudsills or some other device.
3. The scaffold will be erected by a competent worker.
4. Legislative and manufacturer’s requirements have been complied with.
5. Safe access and egress to both the scaffold and the general work area has been provided.
6. Leveling adjustment screws have not been over extended.
7. Tower scaffolds have outriggers or are guyed and have all component parts secured in place (i.e. cross braces, pins, lateral braces).
8. Scaffold work platforms have perimeter guardrail:
Horizontal Rail - 0.92 m to 1.07 meters above the platform. (3’ to 3.5’)
Intermediate Rail - Midway between platform and top rail.
Toe Board - No less than 140mm in height above platform level.
9. Scaffold planks are the number one grade materials with maximum spans of 3.1 meters on light duty
and 2.3 meters on heavy duty with a maximum projection beyond the ledger of no more than 300mm.
SCAFFOLD - W OOD
The construction of wood scaffold is closely regulated by legislation. Materials and material dimensions
are specified in detail in the OHS Regulations.
Because the construction of these scaffolds can vary greatly as to use, shape, location and the type of job
to be done, they sometimes are built in a haphazard manner. To avoid this, the following Safe Work
Practices are minimum.
1. Construction, alteration, design and removal of wood scaffolds is to be done by competent workers.
2. The material used to construct these scaffolds should be sound, close grained and finished on all four
sides.
3. The scaffold must be capable of supporting four (4) times the load that might be imposed on it.
4. All component parts should be tight together and properly fixed to each other.
5. Proper perimeter railing must be set in place: Top rail - Intermediate Rail - Toe Board.
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6. Scaffold work platforms shall be at least 500 mm wide for light duty and 1 meter wide for heavy duty
scaffolds.
7. When used as a scaffold work platform, planks shall be secured from movement by cleats or by being
wired in place.
8. Safe access and egress is to be provided to all work platforms by the use of ladders.
9. Scaffold work platforms shall not span more than 3.1 meters on light duty scaffolds or 2.3 meter on
heavy duty scaffolds.
SPRAY PAINTING
1. Anyone conducting spray painting shall be trained to operate spray painting equipment safely.
Equipment used for spray painting shall be adequately maintained for safe operation.
2. Spray painting equipment shall be explosion proof and grounded. The equipment should be plugged
no closer than 6 meters (20 feet) from the area being sprayed.
3. There will be NO SMOKING while operating spray painting equipment.
4. High pressure sprays can penetrate the skin and cause serious injury. If the spray appears to have
penetrated the skin, seek Immediate medical attention. Do Not treat as a simple cut.
5. Where possible, use gloves or barrier creams to prevent skin contact with paints or solvents. Where
barrier creams are used, they should be applied to clean skin before work and then cleaned off and
reapplied every two hours afterwards.
6. During spray painting, the following protective equipment shall be worn:
(a) Coveralls
(b) Eye protection
(c) Hood to cover face and hair
(d) Respiratory protection
(e) Gloves
Note:
The trade practice of adding vanilla extract to paint may cover up the smell of solvents but the
harmful effects remain.
TOOL BOX MEETINGS
Toolbox meetings are an important part of The Shaw Group Limited. They shall be held weekly by every
Supervisor/Foreman with all employees in attendance. They are to be held on-site at a convenient time
and should last no longer than 15 minutes.
For safety meetings to be most effective, they should be scheduled at a time when employees are most
likely to give them their full attention. Scheduling a meeting at the end of a Friday is almost always a
mistake. (People want to go home). If possible, give your safety meeting the prominence they deserve by
scheduling them early in the week and early in the day. Their purpose is to do the following:
1. Provide Safety Information to all Employees
Management and Supervisors are responsible to ensure all employees have the information and
training necessary to perform their work safely. Safety meetings are considered a type of training as
they provide information and explain Project policies and procedures. Each week you must prepare
for your toolbox meeting by selecting a timely topic(s) to be focused upon and discussed with your
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crew. This could be a recent incident, new rules or regulations, or a review of project policies and
procedures. It is the responsibility of the Supervisor/Foreman to chair these meetings weekly with all
employees under your control.
2. Give all Employees an Opportunity to Express Safety Concerns
Employee participation is crucial to the success on any safety program. All employees must be
encouraged to ask questions, express concerns, report hazards and suggest action which should be
taken to improve safety. When health or safety problems develop on your crew, your toolbox meeting
provides an ideal time to deal with them. The knowledge and experience of your employees is a
valuable resource in reaching the best solution. At every toolbox meeting be sure to invite employees
to participate, listen to what they have to say and respect their opinions. Setting aside time during
every meeting for employee feedback is an extremely effective way to build your employees’ sense of
commitment to the overall health and safety effort.
3. Ensure Appropriate Action is Taken
Meetings and discussions are good but no improvement in accident prevention will occur without
action being taken. You and the employees under your supervision must decide and agree on action
to take in order to ensure a reduction in the level of risk at you worksite. Appropriate action might be
one of the following:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Everyone agrees to apply the information in their daily work
Concern to be referred to upper management or the safety committee for action.
Request for repairs or additional equipment
Change in schedule or procedure
4. Demonstrate Commitment to Safety
Well planned, organized and effective toolbox meetings will positively demonstrate your commitment
to safety. By setting aside a few minutes each week to specifically deal with safety concerns,
employees will be reminded that safety is important and an essential part of their daily duties.
Remember to acknowledge employees for their efforts and support of the Project Safety Program. A
pat on the back or a simple thank you helps a lot to build positive attitudes and proper safety
performance.
5. Document Safety Activities
Documentation of safety activities is essential to ensure an active, effective safety program and to
prove due diligence in the event of a serious accident. The report form must be filled out and signed
for every toolbox meeting.
Planning is important. These meetings are an important part of your responsibility as a supervisor.
Spend some time thinking about your meeting. Plan your objectives, what you intend to say, how you will
encourage employee involvement. Once the meeting starts, stay on track and keep everyone’s attention.
It is not too much to ask for everyone to spend a few minutes each week in a serious safety meeting.
Make sure the majority agrees on what action should be taken. Once the items have been covered,
adjourn the meeting and return to work.
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TRUCKING
AIR-RIDE TRAILERS
Drivers using trailers equipped with air-ride suspension shall remember that when the trailer is to be
unhooked from the tractor, all air pressure shall be discharged from the system by way of the control
valve mounted inside the control panel on the left-hand side of the trailer. When all pressure has been
discharged, dolly legs can be lowered and tractor unhooked. If this procedure is not followed, it can result
in damage to the dolly legs. If someone is around the trailer and the pressure is discharged either by
accident or intentionally, this could result in injury to that person. For these reasons, all drivers are to
discharge air pressure when unit is parked for a length of time such as overnight or for a week-end.
BLACK BOX ELECTRONIC TRIP RECORDERS
Company trucks are equipped with either a black box recorder or a tachograph. It is the responsibility of
the driver to properly record the daily operations.
When using a silent 1000 black box, a driver shall record all pertinent information such as driver number
and log "in" and "out" time. Drivers will put all information into the main computer at a regular prescribed
time for office monitoring and recording.
When using a tachograph, drivers shall install a tach card at the beginning of a work shift and remove the
card at the completion of the shift. A dummy card will be left in the tach for prevention of damage to the
tach and the card used for the driver's shift will be turned in to the Supervisor. Defects with either type of
recorder will be reported immediately to your Supervisor.
Drivers are also required to complete a log book recording the daily activities. These log books are
monitored. Accurate driver recording is mandatory by the company and government under the National
Safety Code.
BOOMS, UNIT LIFTS & PIPEMASTERS
These are specialized types of equipment and the operator shall fully understand the proper operation
and limits of this equipment.
Booms shall never be used for lifting until stabilizers are down and unit is secured to prevent movement.
Drivers should never attempt to lift more than the boom is rated for. The hydraulic components of a boom
truck shall also be inspected on a regular basis. All defects shall be reported and repaired. This could
prevent a serious accident and spills of hydraulic fluid onto customer property. Drivers should avoid
operating a boom in a restricted area, due to obstructions such as power lines. Loads should never be
lifted over an area where anyone is working. If you encounter this problem, ask these people to move
away from the area until you have completed unloading. Loads such as cubes of brick or block should
not be lifted onto stagings that are not solid enough to support the weight of the material. In the event of
an oil spill should occur, a driver is responsible to control the leak and either clean up spilled fluid or call
the dispatcher who in turn will have someone assist in the clean up. Drivers and dispatchers should refer
to the Emergency Contact List. Federal and provincial laws state that all contaminated property shall be
removed and replaced. This is the responsibility of the company and these clean-ups can be very costly
as well as hazardous to the environment.
A unit lift is another type of unloading equipment that requires regular inspections and repairs. Drivers
shall inspect these units for defects such as bent rail extensions, work chains and sprockets, frayed
cables and defective slings and pins. Failure or breakdown of these components can cause serious
accidents and damage to materials being handled.
The third piece of unloading equipment is the pipemaster. A driver shall, when possible, position the
trailer on level ground before unloading. No one other than the driver should be permitted to stand near
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the trailer or pipemaster while the driver is unloading. The control valve on the pipemaster should be
preset before unloading and closed off completely once the trailer has been unloaded. The pipe on the
trailer shall be chocked properly to prevent movement and drivers shall always work from behind the pipe
and not ahead in the direction the pipe is to be unloaded. To ensure fewer problems unloading, the driver
should ensure pipes are loaded straight on the trailer before leaving the pipe yard. Before leaving a job
site, drivers should block pipe to prevent accidents or injuries after you leave. All accessory equipment
such as chains, hooks, forks, pins or other specialized equipment shall be inspected on a regular basis.
Any defective equipment shall be repaired or replaced. Drivers who use this equipment are responsible
for their own safety and the safety of others who may be working near them.
BRIDGE CRANES
Heavy concrete products are often loaded directly onto a trailer by a bridge crane. When involved in this
type of loading, drivers are required to:
1. Use a guide to back into the loading area.
2. Ensure other employees are aware of the loading operation and keep away from that area until unit is
loaded.
3. Have visual contact with the crane operator at all times while crane is in operation.
4. Familiarize yourself with proper hand signals to communicate with the crane operator.
5. Position yourself in a safe area away from the travel path of the object being loaded.
6. Instruct crane operator where to position load on unit. Drivers know where the load shall be
positioned to properly scale loads.
HITCH HIKER EQUIPMENT
The hitch-hiker is a specialized piece of equipment and to ensure your safety and the safety of others, the
following rules shall be followed at all times:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Do not overload forks (loads shall not exceed 3500 lbs - 1588 kgs).
Do not use forks as a standing platform.
Use this unit to lift and transport stable loads only.
Do not allow riders.
Always use stabilizer when picking up or dropping loads beyond the front of the unit.
Always carry loads low and close to the driver for maximum stability.
When parked, always use parking brake to prevent runaway.
Do not use parking brake as a service brake.
When transporting, secure unit with tie rods and retention chains. Ensure trailer and hitch-hiker
lighting systems are connected and working properly.
10. Drivers shall perform a pretrip inspection on the hitch-hiker daily as they would their tractor and trailer.
11. The seat belt shall be worn at all times while operating the hitch-hiker.
(Truck Hook Up and Hitchhiker - 3 pages follow)
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LOAD SECURITY
Every commercial motor vehicle or combination of vehicles carrying a load on the highway shall ensure
that the load will not shift, move or fall from that vehicle in transit. Loads shall be secured by means of
sides, sideboards, stakes, end gates, tie down assemblies, tarps or covers. Drivers transporting secured
loads shall check during a trip at a place off the traveled portion of a highway, as often as and in such a
manner as is necessary to maintain the security of the load. Tie down assemblies used for securing
loads against movement in any direction shall have an aggregate working load limit equal to at least the
weight of the article being secured.
LOADING TRUCKS & TRAILERS
Truck drivers and forklift operators shall use caution when loading. The truck driver shall not stand in an
area where he/she cannot be seen by the forklift operator. If this occurs, the operator shall stop and have
the driver move to an area where he/she is both safe and in view of the operator. When loading product
such as brick or concrete blocks, drivers shall keep back from the pallets of product until they are securely
placed on the unit and the lift-truck has backed away. Pallets of this type should be placed on the truck
by the forklift so the driver can properly chain or strap down the load, Forklift operators should never
approach a truck or trailer too fast and expect to stop smoothly without spilling or moving the product on
the pallet. Employee safety is far more important than the speed at which units are loaded.
LOADING & UNLOADING DUMP TRAILERS
Drivers should pay close attention to the loading of dump trailers. The load should be evenly distributed
as not to cause problems when unloading. A driver shall also check the tailgate to ensure it is working
properly to prevent leakage and jamming when unloading. When unloading, dump trailers shall always
be setting level with tractor and trailer positioned straight. Units shall never be jack-knifed when
unloading. This position is not stable and will cause rollovers. Drivers shall remain in their units at all
times when unloading. This is for the driver's safety and in the event of a problem during unloading.
Added weight is applied to the rear axle in the dump position; therefore, the ground on which the rear tires
rest shall be capable of supporting the added load.
TRANSPORTATION OF DANGEROUS GOODS
All employees of The Shaw Group Limited who have responsibility for handling, offering for transport, or
transporting dangerous goods, shall be trained to perform his or her duties relating to dangerous goods
under the respective acts. The Shaw Group Limited will issue certificates of training to employees who
successfully complete the course including a written examination. Should employees receive instruction
from an outside source, the employee shall successfully complete an The Shaw Group Limited
examination before a certificate is issued.
Employees will be instructed with the aid of materials and manuals as supplied by The Shaw Group
Limited. "Certificates of Training" are issued for three years at which time the employee is to be retrained.
Employees will not be permitted to transport or offer to transport dangerous goods until they are trained.
The Canadian Trucking Association Booklet "Dangerous Goods: A Trucker's Guide" will be issued to
trained employees. This booklet shall be kept on or near their person while on duty.
In the event of a spill, release, incident or accident in transit, the drivers are to do the following procedure:
(a) Call the local police and inform them of the facts immediately;
(b) Call their dispatcher immediately.
The dispatcher will:
(a) Immediately call the local police, if the driver is unable to do so, and inform them of the facts.
(b) Call the owner-shipper of the dangerous goods using the telephone number on the shipping
documents.
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(c) Inform the manager of the details and action taken.
The manager will:
(a) In the event of a major accident, inform the O.H.&S. office and CEO.
Our responsibility in general and in addition to the above, is to do everything which we are immediately
capable of doing to deal with the spill, to contain it, to clean it up in an acceptable fashion and to restore
the environment as well as to reduce the impact of loss to third parties and to ourselves.
Employees of The Shaw Group Limited are to be instructed in conjunction with this written policy. The
safety coordinator will prepare or follow a training schedule which will allow for training of:
(a) Previously untrained employees,
(b) New employees
(c) Employees who change jobs within The Shaw Group and will require additional training.
Training schedules are to be prepared in cooperation with each manager. Managers will retain copies of
certification at an employee's normal place of employment.
TRUCK SAFETY EQUIPMENT
During a pretrip inspection, drivers are required to inspect all accessory safety equipment to ensure they
are in place and in serviceable condition. Each truck will be equipped with the following:
1. 1 fire extinguisher
2. 1 first aid kit
3. 3 flares
4. 3 triangular reflectors
Please ensure that all missing or defective equipment is reported and replaced by the Maintenance
Department.
UNLOADING PROCEDURES FOR PNEUMATIC TANK TRAILERS
1. Check with customer to see that the silo is clear to unload as individuals could be inside performing
maintenance or inspections.
2. Hook up blower and discharge hoses.
3. Start blower and pressurize tank to 12 - 15 PSI or less depending on product being unloaded.
4. Open air regulator valve approximately half way and open either centre or rear hopper valve.
5. When tank pressure starts to drop, open next hopper valve and close previous valve.
6. Follow same procedure for front hopper.
7. When front hopper cleans out, clean out other hoppers allowing pressure to drop to 5 lbs. each time.
8. When tank is empty, shut off blower and open blowdown valve. Carefully remove discharge and
blower hoses.
9. No person should operate a tank until they have received proper instructions or training.
10. No person should ever be on top of a tank or around hatch covers when tank is pressurized.
11. If leaks should occur in lines or around hatch covers, all pressure shall be drained off before
investigating.
12. Never allow tank pressure to exceed 15 PSI. Pressure relief valves shall always be operational on
both blower and tank.
W INTER DRIVING
Safe winter driving is largely the application of basic facts. Since a driver has to be on the highway in bad
weather, the driver shall always expect the unexpected. Adjust your driving to the conditions ahead and
remember that other drivers on the highway may not be as knowledgeable when driving in adverse
conditions.
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Weather conditions such as rain, snow, sleet, fog or icy roads have never caused an accident. They are
only contributing factors in the final analysis. Drivers who fail to adjust their driving to these conditions
are the number one cause of accidents.
The careful driver keeps the following safety points in mind:
(a) When starting out, get the feel of the road by trying your brakes while traveling slowly, before you
enter the traffic flow on highways.
(b) On wet, snowy or icy roads, reduce speed so you can stop when faced with an emergency.
(c) On slippery roads, apply brakes lightly and intermittently to prevent lock-up which reduces control of
your vehicle.
(d) Danger has to be seen and recognized to be avoided. Keep your windshield and windows clean to
improve visibility.
W ELDING & CUTTING
The following procedure provides minimum requirements and recommendations for the protection of
persons from injury and illness and the prevention of damage to property arising from the installation,
operation and maintenance of equipment used for welding, cutting and allied processes.
Welders shall have knowledge of and follow safe welding and cutting procedures as described in CSA
Standard "Safety in Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes" CAN/CSA - W117.2-M87 and Industrial
Safety Regulations under the Occupational Health and Safety Act.
RESPONSIBILITY
The employer shall:
-Ensure equipment is in safe working order and is properly maintained.
-Conduct hazard assessment.
-Implement engineering controls wherever possible.
-Ensure personal protective equipment, as required, is used.
-Conduct health monitoring where required.
-Conduct training in health and safety procedures.
-Conduct inspections of welding work areas.
The employee shall:
-Operate welding equipment in a safe manner.
-Use personal protective equipment provided.
-Report unsafe conditions or equipment to Supervisor.
-Become knowledgeable in welding health and safety procedures.
HAZARDS
Welding and cutting present certain potential hazards to welding personnel which can result in short
and/or long term health effects. The potential hazards include:
Electric Shock
-Radiation (ultraviolet, visible light and infrared)
Burns
Fumes, Gases
Noise
1. Electric Shock
Arc welding power units are protected by C.S.A. standards. The welding machine shall be in a dry
location. Cables shall be in good conditions and properly connected. Neglect of such precautions
could cause electric shock.
Periodic checks of equipment for loose or corroded connections, cable damage, dirty or defective
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jaws of electrode holders and ground clamps is a practical habit to ensure good welding and safe
conditions. The electrical equipment shall be well grounded.
The clamp at the end of the "ground lead" shall be attached to "the work" or piece of work being
welded. This connection shall be as close as possible to prevent stray current damage to electrical
equipment, bearings, etc.
Other than routine adjustments, leave repairs to the electrical equipment to qualified electricians.
Gasoline or diesel-driven equipment shall be operated only when the engine fumes can be vented
outdoors. Carbon monoxide from such a source can be fatal. Never switch the polarity of a gas
driven electric welder in operation. Shut the machine off to make the change.
2. Burns
(a) Radiation - The electric arc welding processes transmits both ultra-violet, visible light and
infrared rays. These are the same rays transmitted by the sun but are much closer and can
damage eyes and exposed skin quickly.
Appropriate eye and face protection shall be selected in accordance with CSA Standard Z94.3
and shall bear some permanent distinctive marking to identify the manufacturer, shade number
and whether glass or plates are impact resistant. During arch welding and arc cutting with open
arcs, helmets or safety goggles with filter lenses and cover plates shall be used by welders,
welding personnel and others viewing the arc. Contact lenses shall not be worn by welders, or
welding personnel because of the potential for serious eye injury (CSA Standard Z94.3).
(b) Other Types of Burns - Burns not associated with the arc radiation can result from contact with
hot parts or welding sparks and spatter. Clothing material shall protect skin from sparks, spatter
or radiation. Woollen clothing is less easily ignited than cotton. Coveralls should be of flame
resistant or flame retardant material (see Body Protection). Welders shall wear flame resistant
gauntlet gloves and aprons or leggings to protect against sparks and radiant energy. Capes or
shoulder covers shall be worn during overhead welding or cutting. Fire resistant skull caps may
be worn under helmets. Sleeves and collars shall be kept buttoned. Trousers shall overlap
shoes to prevent spatter from entering boots. Flammable or combustible materials (ie - butane
cigarette lighter) shall not be carried on a person where sparks or spatter may come in contact.
3. Fumes & Gases
For welding and cutting operations on non-ferrous or galvanized metals, extra ventilation will be
needed. Some circumstances, it will be necessary to provide the operator with a mask or respirator.
The closer the operator is to the job, and the more confined the space, the greater is the danger of
fume inhalation.
Exposure to zinc fumes arising from galvanized metal will result in metal fume fever or "zinc chills".
Cadmium and lead fumes (e.g. from rust proof coatings, lead coverings or lead paint) are definitely
dangerous. The masks and respirator filters shall be approved for use with these fumes.
Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) is the most common arc welding process. It is a consumable
electrode which melts as it maintains the arc. The electrode is fed into the arc as fast as it melts to
maintain a constant arc length. The electrode is coated with a complex mixture of chemical
compounds which perform important functions in the welding process.
The major types of metals that are welded are:
mild steel (an alloy of iron, carbon, silicon, and small percentages of molybdenum or manganese)
Stainless and high alloy stick (containing iron, nickel, chromium, and occasionally cobalt,
vanadium, manganese, and molybdenum)
Aluminum (either pure or as an alloy also containing magnesium, silicon, and occasionally
chromium)
Galvanized steel (steel that has been coated with a layer of zinc to prevent corrosion
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Welding fumes are very small and can be easily inhaled. While in the respiratory system, some fume
particles may dissolve in the lungs and be transported by the blood to other parts of the body, where
they may have toxic effects. Irritation of the nose, throat and lungs can result from inhalation of
welding fumes containing cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, nickel, molybdenum, titanium and
zinc.
Gases are air-like substances with physical properties resembling air. In welding, gases come from
the action of heat or radiation from the welding arc on the surrounding air, action of heat or radiation
on contaminants in the surrounding air, decomposition of electrode coatings, and shielding gas used
in some arc welding processes.
The major gases generated during welding of unprimed metals include ozone, nitrogen oxides,
carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide.
4. Noise
Air carbon arc cutting and gouging and plasma arc (PA) processes (except submerged PA cutting)
generates significantly high noise levels.
Where required, hearing protection shall be provided and worn (refer to procedure for Hearing
Protection).
BACKFIRES & FLASHBACKS
A backfire occurs when the flame burns back into the tip, usually accompanied by a loud popping sound.
Backfires usually are caused by touching the top against the work or by using gas pressure too low.
Flashback is a more serious matter. Flashback is caused when the flame burns back inside the torch with
a squealing or hissing sound. This can be very dangerous and when it happens, turn off the oxygen torch
valve immediately, then turn off the acetylene. After the torch valves have been shut off, close the
cylinder valves. Shutting off the oxygen first is considered safer. If the acetylene torch valve is shut off
first, the higher pressure of the oxygen could suck the torch flame back through the hoses with the
possibility of an explosion. "Shut Off The Oxygen First!"
Repeated flashbacks point to serious trouble in the equipment and shall be eliminated before re-using.
When lighting any oxy-acetylene equipment, never use matches. Always use a spark lighter. Gas-filled
lighters should not be carried by welders because of their explosive nature if penetrated by a spark.
Flashback arrestors are required when performing this work.
For further information refer to:
CSA: "Safety in Welding, Cutting and Allied Processes" CAN/CSA - W117.2-M87
NIOSH Criteria for Standard - "Welding, Brazing and Thermal" Cutting - April 1988
Canadian Center for Occupational Health & Safety - "Control of Exposure to Welding Fumes and
Gases" - P85-7E, May 1985
CARE OF CYLINDERS IN W ELDING
When moving cylinders, the valve protective cap shall be in place. Never hoist a cylinder by the
protective cap.
Avoid dropping cylinders on the ground. They could burst or the valve might be broken off or damaged.
Use a cylinder truck or chain cylinders to a firm support so they cannot topple over.
Never strike an arc on a gas cylinder.
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Keep cylinders well away from open flames or excessive heat of any kind. Even exposure to the hot sun
for long periods of time can cause a dangerous rise in gas pressure within a cylinder.
Always check carefully and eliminate gas leaks at cylinder valves, regulators and torch connections. Use
soapy water to detect leaks. Never use an open flame.
Ensure that the cylinder valve threads are free of oil, grease or dirt. Then "crack" each valve for an
instant to blow dirt from the nozzle. Never use oil of any kind on threads. Always stand beside or behind
the valve nozzle, never directly in front.
Oxygen regulators and hoses are green in color and have right hand threads. Acetylene regulators and
hoses are red in color and have left hand threads.
Before opening cylinder valves, release the regulator pressure adjusting knobs by turning counterclockwise. Slowly open the oxygen valve until maximum pressure is reached. The oxygen valve has two
seats - one closed seat and one open seat. It should be opened all the way. Turn the pressure adjusting
screw on the oxygen regulator to desired pressure. Always purge both lines by opening torch valves
before lighting torch. Open the acetylene cylinder valve not more than one full turn.
The use of reverse flow check valves on regulator outlet and torch inlet connections is required to reduce
the possibility of mixing gases in the hose and regulators. They are designed to REDUCE the possibility
of reverse flow of gases but shall not be relied on to justify careless handling of oxy-acetylene equipment.
They can become damaged or inoperative during use.
Acetylene cylinders are equipped with fusible metal safety plugs which melt at about 1000C or 2120F; the
boiling point of water. These plugs, usually of hexagonal shape, are threaded into the cylinder head and
bottom on most cylinders. Do not tamper with these plugs or permit a torch flame to come in contact with
them. Keep cylinders away from overhead welding and cutting operations which would permit hot slag to
drop onto the cylinder head and melt the plugs. The same precautions shall be taken to prevent the build
up of sparks or slag at floor level and not melt the bottom plugs.
CONFINED SPACES & EMPTY VESSELS
Welding and cutting in confined spaces calls for additional safety measures. It is sometimes necessary to
weld or cut on or in vessels which may have contained oils or paints or other substances likely to give off
explosive or inflammable vapors. Even if such vessels are considered to be empty, and have been for
some time, it shall be remembered that residues are likely to remain as a thin surface film. These
residues will be evaporated by the heat of the process, with the possibility of forming an accumulation of
dangerous vapors.
Whenever work is stopped and the operator leaves the space, all welding and cutting equipment shall
also be removed. Fire extinguishing and first aid equipment shall be available at a moment's notice and
provision shall be made to call for help should it be needed.
Refer to procedure for Confined Space Entry.
COMPRESSED GASSES
Acetylene is a highly flammable hydrocarbon fuel which, with oxygen in the oxy-acetylene process,
produces industry's hottest flame (5900oF) (3255oC). Acetylene is very unstable and can become
dangerously explosive if compressed above 15 psig in the free state. Acetylene cylinders, therefore, are
packed with porous material that is saturated with acetone in which the acetylene is dissolved. Acetylene
can thus be safely stored and transported at a pressure of 250 psig. Never use acetylene above 15 psig.
Oxygen is non-flammable and yet, nothing could burn without it. Oxygen is the element in air (21%) that
supports normal combustion. In its pure state, and combined with acetylene and some other gases, it
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burns fiercely at great speed.
Because pure oxygen under pressure can cause spontaneous combustion when in contact with grease or
oil, it is extremely hazardous to bring these substances together. Never permit oil, grease or any other
combustible substances to come in contact with cylinder valves, regulators, gauges, hose or fittings. Do
not handle cylinders etc. with oily hands or gloves. Never use oxygen as a substitute for compressed air.
Oxygen cylinders are filled to a pressure of about 2000 lbs. per square in. If toppled over, and the valve
on top is broken off allowing the gas to escape, the cylinder will take off like a balloon will when the air is
released. This can be very dangerous considering the size and weight of the cylinder.
Clothing will become oxidized when exposed to pure oxygen and becomes very explosive. It can be
ignited by static electricity caused by the friction between clothing and body hair. The end result is very
serious burns. Operators should be encouraged to refer to gases by their proper names and not use the
words "gas" or "air".
Refer to "Gas Cylinder Handling".
FIRE PREVENTION
Owing to the high temperature involved in welding and cutting processes, and the production of hot metal
and sparks, it is most essential that fire prevention precautions are rigorously observed. Obviously such
precautions are necessary when working around combustibles. In the average welding shop, fire
precautions are part of the normal safety routine. Special care is necessary when portable equipment is
employed in places where welding and cutting are unusual.
Welding and cutting shall never be permitted where explosive gases or vapors, inflammable liquids, or
highly combustible materials are in the near vicinity. Combustible materials shall be moved as far away
as possible. Combustible materials that cannot be removed shall be protected.
Electrode stubs may be dangerous if thrown on a wooden floor or dropped from a structure to
combustible materials beneath.
Keep fire extinguishing measures at hand and ready for use. When work is finished, the area shall be
observed for some time looking for signs of fire. The area shall be thoroughly inspected before leaving.
W EST NILE VIRUS (W NV)
It is more important than ever to protect yourself from mosquito bites due to the rapid spread of the West
Nile Virus (WNV) in North America.
In the USA, health officials say that they are concerned for two reasons.
First, the onset of illness in the year 2002 occurred relatively early in the summer; second, the illness
seems to be afflicting a younger population than in previous years since the virus's detection. These facts
have raised concern that the virus may have mutated into a new and more virulent form, but that remains
to be proven.
To date, Health Canada has reported a total of 394 (80 probable, 314 confirmed) human cases of the
WNV in Canada. In Ontario and Quebec, thirteen deaths have been attributed to it. So far, no WNV
activity has been identified in New Brunswick; however WNV infected birds have been found in the
jurisdictions of Nova Scotia, Quebec and the State of Maine.
While everyone should know the facts, if you're an outdoor worker in particular, you should take steps to
protect yourself.
PROTECT YOURSELF!
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If infected mosquitoes or infected dead birds have been reported in your area, take the following
precautionary steps:
1. Minimize time outdoors at dawn and dusk, when mosquitoes are most active.
2. Whenever possible, wear pants and long-sleeved tops when outside. Also, light-coloured clothing is
less attractive to mosquitoes.
3. Use an insect repellent containing DEET (follow directions carefully).
4. Make sure that door and window screens fit tightly and are free of holes.
5. Mosquitoes need pools of standing water to breed. Take steps to reduce mosquito populations in
your area.
Recommended Preventive Action
Here is what Health Canada tells us:
I . The West Nile virus is spread to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito. Mosquitoes transmit the
virus after becoming infected by feeding on the blood of birds that carry the virus.
2. While anyone exposed to mosquitoes - in an area where the virus has been detected - is at risk of
infection, your chance of being bitten by an infected mosquito is small. Studies have shown that even
in areas where mosquitoes carry the virus, less than I% of them can transmit it.
3. New research shows that human-to-human transmission is possible through blood transfusion, organ
donation, and breast milk.
4. Most people who become infected have no symptoms at all, or may experience only mild flu-like
symptoms.
5. Certain people, including seniors, the young, and those with weak immune systems, are at greater
risk for serious health effects, including meningitis or encephalitis and sometimes death. In these
cases, symptoms could include the rapid onset of severe headache, high fever, stiff neck, vomiting,
drowsiness, confusion, muscle weakness, and loss of consciousness. Anyone who experiences the
sudden onset of these symptoms should seek immediate medical attention.
6. There is no specific treatment, medication, cure, or vaccination for illness due to WNV. However,
many of the symptoms and complications of the disease can be treated, and most people infected
with WN virus recover.
W ORKPLACE HAZARDOUS MATERIALS INFORMATION SYSTEM - W HMIS
ALL EMPLOYEES MUST BE CERTIFIED IN WHMIS TRAINING
WHMIS stands for W orkplace Hazardous Materials Information System. It is a Canada wide system
developed to make it easy for workers to find out about hazardous materials in their workplace. A
hazardous material is any substance which can cause illness, disease, or death to unprotected people.
There are thousands of materials and chemicals that are used in the workplace which can be dangerous
to people when handled without care. The problem is:
1. How do we know which ones are dangerous?
2. How can we protect ourselves?
WHMIS is a system that’s based on a law which says everyone has a right to know. W HMIS helps
everyone to get this information in an easy way. Suppliers and employers must identify hazardous
materials and make sure worker are aware of them.
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Each worker must use the system to protect against harm by:
1. Recognizing labels.
2. Checking the hazards.
3. Following the recommended procedures.
WHMIS uses three main things to help workers identify and handle hazardous materials safely:
1.
Labels:
These alert everyone about the danger of a product and tell where to find out about it.
2.
MSDS:
These Material Safety Data Sheets contain detailed information on the dangers and how to
handle the Material safely.
3.
Worker Education:
Employers must provide instruction to each worker on how to use W HMIS, what hazardous
materials are on site, and how to handle them properly.
W ORKING ALONE
1. Any employee required to work alone must be First Aid Trained.
2. The employee must have a form of communication with the Supervisor or other members of the crew.
(ie. - cell phone, two way radio, etc.)
3. Any problems related to performing the task are to be reported to the Supervisor prior to starting the
task.
4. The “Buddy System” must be used in high risk areas.
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