1
3
A family of battery technologies that use Li-Ions to store energy
2 Lightweight, rechargeable, high energy density batteries
Sealed batteries that retain their charge capacity for thousands of complete charge and discharge cycles 1
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Four times lighter and three times smaller
Higher power capability
$
Tolerates high shock & vibration environments
No maintenance
Higher initial cost
(4-5x more)
Possibility of thermal runaway
Longer run times Higher cycle life
BMS
Safety depends on good pack design
Requires a battery management system
(BMS)
Can be left partially discharged
Fast charge capable
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Prices should continue to drop with maufacturing economies of scales and incremental technologies improvements. Li-Ion is currently 4-5x more expensive than lead-acid but has a better total cost of ownership (TCO) in some applications.
Material Handling fast charge, multishift environments
Powersports & Scooters performance, range, low weight Powersports and material handling industries have started to adopt Li-Ion batteries because of their need for fast charging and range
Utility Vehicles range, long life, low weight
Aerial Work Platforms
& Scissor Lifts performance, reliability, run time
Floor Care Machines size, run time, low weight
Integration of Li-Ion batteries in the following industries is poised for rapid growth
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This infographic is brought to you by Delta-Q Technologies. Contact us for more information on lithium battery chargers solutions.
Cathodes
In approximate order of decreasing energy density, material cost, and safety risk
Cobalt Oxide (LCO)
Nickel Cobalt Aluminum Oxide (NCA)
Nickel Manganese Cobalt (NMC)
Manganese Oxide (LMO)
Iron Phosphate (LFP)
Titanate (LTO)
Cell Structures
Cylindrical
Prismatic
Laminate/Pouch
The level of quality and safety of a Li-Ion battery depends on its manufacturer
CELL QUALITY
Not all Li-Ion batteries are equal. The cathode material used in Li-Ion batteries gives them their unique temperament. High quality, low variability manufacturing controls must be used for cell assembly
PACK INTEGRATION
A holistic risk management approach to the battery pack will design in safety at every level of integration. Consider cooling, interconnects, electrical insulation and packaging
BATTERY MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM (BMS)
Use and approve a BMS that can disconnect the cells or stop their charge/discharge
BMS
= A SAFER OVERALL SYSTEM
Consists of well made cells, a battery management system, and an intelligent charger. How do you do that? See below.
SAFE AND SMART
CHARGER
By choosing a flexible charger, you will have the ability to use the same charger even if the battery type changes
(lead-acid to Li-Ion)
Delta-Q’s IC Series Industrial Battery
Chargers are capable of charging both lead-acid and Li-Ion battery packs. Delta-Q works with major battery manufacturers to ensure safe operation of the battery and charger systems. Additional capabilities include support for CAN bus communication and customizable charging algorithms for motive applications.
BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS)
Functions of a BMS
BMS
1.
2.
3.
2.
An electronic system that prevents Li-Ion batteries from going outside their safe operating conditions and, in the worse case, experiencing thermal runaway.
Measure
Pack current and voltage, every cell voltage, and subset of cell temperatures
Monitor
For over-voltage, under-voltage, over-temperature, and over-current
3.
2.
Control
Balance cell state of charge, sends power and current limits to the machine, and derate or shut down the battery pack if needed
An appropriately designed
BMS is a necessity when lithium-ion is involved.
3.
- Toby Gooley 2
Senior Editor, DC Velocity
3.
IC Series
Charger
1
Pick a charger as reliable as your batteries
Sealed, ruggedized chargers will survive.
2 Pick a charger that will accurately recharge the batteries
Voltage accuracy means you always get to 100% charge.
Control accuracy means the charger responds appropriately to given commands.
3 Pick a charger as smart as your batteries
Batteries are getting smarter with integration of CAN bus,
USB, Modbus, and more. A charger that can connect to a
BMS will form a robust system. Working together, the charger and BMS will keep you informed on your machine’s performance.
Li-Ion
Battery
B+ B-
BMS
References 1 RenewableEnergyWorld.com: “Lead-acid Batteries - Merely a Launch Pad for Something Better?” 2 DC Velocity: “The Allure of Lithium-ion”
Delta-Q Technologies makes innovative battery charging solutions for lead-acid and lithium-ion battery chemistries. www.delta-q.com