Energy Technology Fact Sheet
! Heating,)Ventilation)&)Air)Conditioning !
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Optimize)heating)and)cooling)systems!
During!winter!(heating!season)!heat!your!building!to!a!maximum!of!70°F!when!occupied,!61°F!when!
unoccupied!Heating!and!cooling!set!points!must!be!set!3°!C!5°!F!apart!(referred!to!as!a!“deadband”)!so!
that!the!cooling!system!does!not!cycle!(turn!on!and!off)!frequently.)
• Start!the!morning!temperature!warmCup!with!outside!air!dampers!closed!so!that!the!building!is!at!
65°F!when!occupants!arrive.!Complete!the!warmCup!during!the!first!hour!of!occupancy.!Similarly,!
begin!temperature!set!back!during!the!last!hour!of!occupancy;!
• During!summer!(cooling!season)!cool!your!building!to!no!lower!than!75°F!when!occupied.!Avoid!
mechanical!cooling!when!it!is!unoccupied,!unless!necessary!for!morning!preCcooling.!Start!
morning!preCcooling!so!that!the!building!is!78°F!when!occupants!first!arrive;!!
• Keep!the!outdoor!air!damper!closed!during!the!morning!warmCup!in!winter!and!fully!open!
during!the!summer!season!preCcooling!startCup;!!
• Where!applicable,!install!adjustable!speed!drives!on!fans,!chilled!water!and!heating!pumps;!!
• Maximize!the!use!of!outdoor!air!for!space!cooling!using!existing!system!capabilities!(economizers)!
and!flush!the!building!during!the!night!with!cooler!outdoor!air.!
Adjust)controls)to)energy<efficient,)comfortable)levels!
• Electronic!programmable!thermostats!automatically!adjust!your!buildingVs!temperature!at!night!
and!on!weekends!and!are!very!reliable.!Lock!your!thermostat!to!maintain!proper!settings;!
• Ensure!that!the!waterCheating!equipment!setting!is!at!least!115°F!and!not!above!130°F.!Shut!down!
domestic!hot!water!circulating!pumps!with!a!time!clock!during!unoccupied!hours;!!
• Water!heating!temperature!controls!(outdoor!resets)!vary!the!temperature!of!supply!water!to!the!
space!in!direct!response!to!the!outdoor!temperature!and!can!increase!comfort!in!your!building;!
• Periodically!calibrate!all!thermostats!and!gauges,!adjust!controllers!and!dampers!for!tight!closure!
and!test!all!controllers!for!proper!operation.!
Minimize)heat)loss!
• Office!areas!in!highCceilinged!areas!like!warehouses!need!their!own!ceilings,!not!just!wall!
partitions.!Warm!air!rises!to!the!high!ceiling!causing!the!heating!system!to!run!more!often.!For!
ceilings!higher!than!10!feet,!consider!installing!ceiling!fans!to!force!the!warm!air!down!to!the!
occupied!level.!As!the!temperature!gradient!is!minimized,!the!heat!loss!will!be!reduced;!!
• In!loading!areas,!install!a!relay!switch!on!your!heating!system!so!that!the!heat!goes!off!when!
doors!are!opened!or!consider!partitions!and!radiant!heaters!for!staff;!!
• Bare!pipes!and!ducts!running!through!unconditioned!space!should!be!insulated!to!curb!heat!
loss/gain!and!deliver!heating!and!cooling!to!the!target!space.!
Shut)down)equipment)when)not)needed!
• Use!pumps,!fans!and!electrical!water!heaters!at!optimal!times!only;!!
• Shut!down!nonCcritical!equipment!during!peak!demand!period;!!
• During!the!cooling!season,!turn!off!reCheating!equipment!and!coils!(if!practical);!!
• Shut!down!chiller,!chilled!water!pumps,!condenser!water!pumps!and!cooling!tower!fans!at!the!
earliest!time!possible!in!the!evenings!and!on!weekends.!
Heat)and)cool)only)as)necessary!
• Reduce!heating!&!cooling!in!spaces!used!only!for!short!periods.!If!possible,!reduce!temperature!or!
shut!off!heating!in!vestibules,!stairwells,!lobbies!and!unused!spaces;!!
• To!reduce!cooling!energy,!shut!off!all!unnecessary!lights,!as!well!as!cooking!and!office!equipment;!!
• When!the!building!is!unoccupied,!turn!off!exhaust!fans!in!washrooms!and!kitchens!with!a!timer.!
Shut!off!outdoor!air!dampers!and!the!supply!air!fan!one!hour!prior!to!the!end!of!occupancy.!
Keep)HVAC)components)clean!
• To!maintain!unrestricted!airflow,!keep!condenser!coil!face!clear!of!all!debris;!!
• Keep!the!cooling!tower!clean!to!minimize!both!air!and!water!pressure!drops.!Clean!intake!strainer!
and!inspect!spray!nozzles!for!proper!performance;!!
• Clean!air!inlet!screen,!spray!nozzle!and!pump!screen!to!ensure!they!are!not!clogged;!!
• Regularly!clean!waterside!chiller!and!boiler!tubes;!!
• Clean!refrigerant!and!water!coils!with!a!highCpressure!mixture!of!water!and!detergent!to!allow!
for!maximum!heat!transfer.!
Inspect)and)repair)HVAC)components!
• Inspect!all!ductwork!(including!flexible!connections)!for!air!leaks.!Seal!leaks!by!taping,!caulking!
or!replacing!flexible!connections;!!
• Insulate!all!bare!ducts!and!pipes!that!carry!conditioned!air!and!chilled!or!hot!water;!!
• Inspect!and!repair!or!replace!all!dampers,!blades,!edge!seals!and!linkages!as!necessary;!!
• Inspect!inlet!vane!damper!linkage!for!smooth!operation!and!control!of!airflow;!!
• To!ensure!proper!seating!for!minimal!leakage,!inspect!air!valves!in!dual!duct!mixing!boxes;!!
• Repair!any!(air,!water,!steam)!leaks!from!pipes,!faucets,!pumps!and!control!valves;!!
• Replace!air!filters!at!regular!intervals!or!at!preCdetermined!pressure!drops;!!
• To!insure!precise!operation,!adjust!variable!air!volume!boxes!so!they!operate!properly;!!
• Where!applicable,!install!adjustable!speed!drives!(ASDs)!on!fans,!chilled!water!pumps,!and!
heating!pumps;!
Consider)an)Energy)Management)System!
Consider!installing!an!energy!management!system!(EMS)!to!control!all!facets!of!your!buildingVs!
operation!and!identify!maintenance!issues.!An!EMS!is!a!centralized!control!system!that!takes!over!
manually!controlled!functions.!It!can!be!a!simple!unit!connected!to!one!or!two!pieces!of!equipment,!or!it!
can!be!more!complex!and!control!lights!and!equipment!throughout!your!facility.!
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Some!of!the!key!benefits!of!an!EMS!are:!
• Can!monitor!total!building!loads!and!turn!on!or!off!appropriate!equipment;!
• Can!analyze!outside!and!inside!temperatures!and!regulate!the!HVAC!system!in!your!building;!
• Can!save!5C30%!in!energy!costs,!and!can!reduce!your!demand!charges;!
• Have!a!payback!of!two!to!four!years!depending!on!the!hours!of!operation!used,!type!of!system!
and!equipment!controlled.!
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