Energy Efficiency requirements in
Building Codes and Energy
Efficiency Policies for New Buildings
Sustainable Buildings & Climate Index
UNEP SBCI, 10-11 September 2009, Paris
IEA, International Energy Agency,
Jens Laustsen
Senior Policy Analyst for Efficiency in Buildings
© OECD/IEA, 2009
IEA Comparison Building
Codes
• Comparison of building codes is difficult:
– Different ways to set requirements (prescriptive,
performance, model, balance)
– Climate has a large impact
• IEA compared efficiency in new buildings 2008:
– Prescriptive requirements (u-values)
– For countries in heating based climates
– All regions OECD
IEA Information Paper:
Energy Efficiency in Building Codes and Policies for Energy Efficiency in New
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Buildings
Building Code need to be adjusted to
local conditions
• Demands in California are
set based on the local
climatic conditions
(zone 1 – 16)
U-values for Ceilings
U-values for Ceillings
0,60
South of Europe
Max. U-value (W/m² s)
0,50
0,40
EUROPE:
North of Europe
0,30
IECC
Japan:
North America
North America
Australia, New Zealand
0,20
0,10
0,00
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
HHD 18°C Corr.
U-values for North America are relative low and homogenous.
This is due to the standards IECC and ASHREA.
Values for South Europe and Japan are diverse and high.
Large potential for improvements.
© OECD/IEA, 2008
U-values for walls
U-values for Walls
1,40
1,20
Max. U-value (W/m²s)
1,00
EUROPE:
0,80
IECC
Japan:
North America
0,60
Australia, New Zealand
0,40
0,20
Passive house
0,00
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
HHD 18°C Corr.
Compared to a passive houses or least cost optimum these
requirements can still be strengthened substantially
© OECD/IEA, 2008
U-values for floors
U-values for Floors
1,60
1,40
Max. U-value (W/m² s)
1,20
1,00
EUROPE:
IECC
0,80
Japan:
North America
Australia, New Zealand
0,60
0,40
0,20
Passive house
0,00
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
HHD 18°C Corr.
Again the same story:
Compared to a passive houses or least cost optimum these
requirements can still be strengthened substantially
© OECD/IEA, 2008
U-values for Windows
U-values for Windows
Australia, NZ, Japan
5,0
North America
4,0
3,5
Max. U-value (W/m² s)
Up to 5 - 7 times
4,5
Very large
potential for
improvements
3,0
EUROPE:
Europe
2,5
IECC
Japan:
North America
2,0
Australia, New Zealand
1,5
1,0
0,5
Passive house
0,0
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
HHD 18°C Corr.
• U-values for windows are generally lower in Europe than in
North
America and Japan. Especially in the Northern Part of Europe.
• In general the values© are
diverse even for similar regions.
OECD/IEA, 2008
Overall U-value for Building Codes
• There are different background for the values
• Some u-values support energy performance – some
stand alone
• So codes sets different values for walls, ceiling or
floors
• Other topics such as thermal bridges, sun
transmission
• Windows values might be dependent on window
area
• Not possible to compare the values for heating
systems, ventilation etc.
• I order to compare the overall requirements and
overall u-value is calculated:
Uoverall = Uceilings + Uwalls + Ufloors + 0.2 * Uwindows
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Overall U-value
Over All U-values
3,00
2,50
Max. U-value (W/m² s)
Ontario
2,00
EUROPE:
Scandinavia
IECC
1,50
Japan:
North America
Australia, New Zealand
1,00
0,50
Sweden
Passive house
0,00
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
HHD 18°C Corr.
IEA Information Paper:
Energy Efficiency in Building Codes and Policies for Energy Efficiency in New
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Buildings
Overall U-value
Over All U-values
Least lifetime costs
have to be estimated
for each country /
region individually
3,00
Max. U-value (W/m² s)
2,50
2,00
EUROPE:
IECC
1,50
Japan:
North America
Australia, New Zealand
1,00
0,50
Least lifetime
costs (estimated)
Passive house
0,00
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
HHD 18°C Corr.
IEA Information
Paper:
Saving
potentials
are substantial in all regions !
Energy Efficiency in Building Codes and Policies for Energy Efficiency in New
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Buildings
Recommendations
Heiligendamm
• Countries that do not currently have mandatory energy
efficiency standards for new buildings in Building Codes should
urgently set, enforce and regularly update such standards.
Those countries that currently have mandatory energy
efficiency standards for new buildings should significantly
strengthen those standards. Energy efficiency standards for
new buildings should be set by national or state government
and should aim to minimize total costs over a 30-year lifetime.
© OECD/IEA, 2008
Frankfurt/M Germany Sophienhof
FAAG/ABG Frankfurt Architect Fuessler
Blocks of Flats
160 dwellings
14 767 m²
Passive House Technology
15 kwh / m² per year (27 kWh / m²)
Extra construction costs
= 3-5% of the total costs
Payback = 9 – 10 years
© OECD/IEA, 2009
Zero Energy / Zero Carbon
BedZet, London, UK
The way to Zero Energy Buildings in US, DOE
Zero Carbon
Plus Energy
2006
Residential
2019
2015
Development of UK
Buildings Codes
Non
residential
Zero Carbon B.C.
Solar Siedlung Vauban
Freiburg, Germany
© OECD/IEA, 2009
Active and intelligent buildings
kWh per m² per year
How does this become mainstream ?
© OECD/IEA, 2009
Going new ways
 There is a large potential
• But we have to go new ways
 Training of architects, engineers, installers,
constructors is essential
• Energy efficiency needs to be at the front page !
© OECD/IEA, 2009
Integrated / Intelligent Design
The basic steps of Integrated Design Process (IDP):
• consider right building size and use;
• consider building orientation, form,
thermal mass;
• specify a high-performance building
envelope;
• maximize passive heating, cooling,
ventilation and use of day-light;
• use renewable energy sources as
much as possible;
• install efficient systems to meet
remaining loads;
• ensure that individual energy-using devices are as
efficient as possible, and properly sized; and
• ensure proper commission of systems & devices
© OECD/IEA, 2009
Generic Architecture
Windows
Misr University for Science
and Technology, Cairo
No windows !
No windows !
Windows
Source Proffessor Ahmed Abdin,
Cairo Technical University
Old solutions –
generic architecture
used in new ways
© OECD/IEA, 2009
Generic Architecture
Misr University for Science
and Technology, Cairo
Source Proffessor Ahmed Abdin,
Cairo Technical University
Old solutions –
generic architecture
used in new ways
© OECD/IEA, 2009
Generic Architecture
Protected against the sun !
Misr University for Science
and Technology, Cairo
Source Proffessor Ahmed Abdin,
Cairo Technical University
Old solutions –
generic architecture
used in new ways
But using sunlight !
© OECD/IEA, 2009
Book on energy efficient buildings
Development in the 9 regions
World
120000
100000
Draft version !
80000
Savings New
60000
Savings Existing
New Buildings
40000
Existing Buildings
20000
0
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
2020
2030
2040
2050
Calculations shows reduction on more than 75 % could be possible
only leaving ¼ of the consumption in 2050, compared to BAU
If best practices and policies were implemented fast, in large scale,
globally (existing technology and solutions).
- New buildings need to reach zero – around 2030
- Massive savings in existing buildings also needed - by refurbishment !
Recommendations
Heiligendamm
• Countries that do not currently have mandatory energy
efficiency standards for new buildings in Building Codes should
urgently set, enforce and regularly update such standards.
Those countries that currently have mandatory energy
efficiency standards for new buildings should significantly
strengthen those standards. Energy efficiency standards for
new buildings should be set by national or state government
and should aim to minimize total costs over a 30-year lifetime.
© OECD/IEA, 2008
25 energy efficiency policy recommendations across 7 priority areas
1. Across sectors
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Measures for increasing investment in energy
efficiency;
National energy efficiency strategies and
goals;
Compliance, monitoring, enforcement and
evaluation of energy efficiency measures;
Energy efficiency indicators;
Monitoring and reporting progress with the
IEA energy efficiency recommendations
themselves.
2. Buildings
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Building codes for new buildings;
Passive Energy Houses and Zero Energy
Buildings;
Policy packages to promote energy efficiency
in existing buildings;
Building certification schemes;
Energy efficiency improvements in glazed
areas.
3. Appliances
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
Mandatory energy performance requirements
or labels;
Low-power modes, including standby power,
for electronic and networked equipment;
Televisions and “set-top” boxes;
Energy performance test standards and
measurement protocols.
4. Lighting
4.1 Best practice lighting and the phase-out
of incandescent bulbs;
4.2 Ensuring least-cost lighting in nonresidential buildings and the phase-out
of inefficient fuel-based lighting.
5. Transport
5.1 Fuel-efficient tyres;
5.2 Mandatory fuel efficiency standards for
light-duty vehicles;
5.3 Fuel economy of heavy-duty vehicles;
5.4 Eco-driving.
6. Industry
6.1 Collection of high quality energy
efficiency data for industry;
6.2 Energy performance of electric motors;
6.3 Assistance in developing energy
management capability;
6.4 Policy packages to promote energy
efficiency in small and medium-sized
enterprises.
7. Utilities
7.1 Utility end-use energy efficiency
schemes.
© OECD/IEA, 2009
Thank you
For more information:
www.iea.org
www.iea.org/G8/2008/G8_EE_recommendations.pdf
Contact:
Jens.Laustsen@iea.org
Efficiencyinfo@iea.org