Retrospective Theses and Dissertations
1943
Hybridization and embryology of Paspalum
dilatatum Poir
Hugh Wilbur Bennett
Iowa State College
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Recommended Citation
Bennett, Hugh Wilbur, "Hybridization and embryology of Paspalum dilatatum Poir " (1943). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations.
Paper 13212.
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HYBRIDIgATIOH I®.
©f
P^FiO^M DIUTATUM POIS,
if-
A
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for the Degre® csP
DOCTOR ©r mi^Off=ET
Mi|«f Subjects J
Plant Bjpeodijag
Plant Moi^ology
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ld4S
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INTRQDUCTIOH
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IMtryolo^ of JPaspalusi dilfetataaa
58
Wollmn
S4
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BISGUBS ION .
*••«••«••«»«••.«•••*««•••«•«»«#«
,»..*,. ,.*,• .•-*. », , .
Fl0e?erin|;
£ldbzyolo^
Chromosome Suiabera
Pollen Germimtioa
.
ft
•••«.*••• «««•
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A#****#-***'** *»*•*» ««•*•
fi
f4.
iif»iAar
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LITEMItl® ClflO
m
A^mmmmmwrn
ss
rie-fo
iiu
Of
l#
file A'wsmge Number of Flowers Blooming l^aoh
iiour ill 15 liifloreaeetioes of I^epalum VFrvillel
Baring
P^riM
if
The Awrag® Huuibor of Flowers Blocaming ±'i&«h
Hour in 15 lafloresoenc®s of P&spalaa dilatatum
Oaring Idte ll.9^sd.x% P«f>lM •***•.*«**«*.««»*•••••*
IS
fR%l# $«
Av»rage Masibsr of Flowers Bloming E&oh
Hoar 4tt IS laflos^seeaeft® of Ptopalta mla,**
©oi^^llm
t^e Blocming"''P'ertodrlit
fable
leiapaEutEurs and iiuuildit^- iieadijjtja at ikeh hour
jDuring th® Blooming Period of tlie fasp&lum sp»
i a f a b l « a I , t w r t S
*
»
.
.
faW® S.^
flowering Ou
]pi^i^r^xlX^^ OTx toil
ani lam Soistare
Awmg® of 10
laflor^seemt® ««•«•««#•»••»*»<•«*«*•«•»•.*••«•«•
liitoJte' i».
of
High, aad
. 2,0 Xaflor®«Q«ao*s
&%!# f*.
S»
f«&t# f»
m
%
dlla-faafeiai oa Soil at
•«««*•#•*«*«*««•«••«•••#**•#*
1?
Flosmring of Pasyatom mlaoophylliaa on Soil
at Hl^ mA IiW fcistor®
Awmg® of
10 I]Qfloreso0nces «••*«••*•*«.
fS
Temperature and Hujaidity Readings at Each HoiJi*
of 1310 Blocasijsg Period of Fagpalum sp. Before
and After Ohaagiag the Matural l<alatioa of
Light and Darkness to T&mperatur® and Huaidit?f»*
€1
The Av0i%ge Kuaber of Flowers Blooming ia 10
of ItoyalttM ®p« l«for® sad Af%»r
Chmsgixig the Hatural Eelation of lAght and I^rkn®t«
to Temperature and IMraiditjr, Atrerag© of 10
Xnflot«»0«m»is
it
''v.
y*g».
The jivereg© Number of Flowm Blooming in 10
Inflor«soenoes of I^spalAim 8p. with Constant
fmperature and VJier© ttie %lativ« Hmaidity T/as
Reversed in Its Borml delation to Light .»««»••
4S
faljl® 11*
Itoaidily Headii^g at Eeeh Hour of the BloojaiHg
Bsried of l!^sx:^3Mm ep. after Reversal to Its 'torrml
Itelsttion to lAght with fonponature CkHistent
(76® - 80*'' F) after th® oeoond Day
0
fafeji® IS*
Piwday Awrag© of Flowering of Paspalum sp«
at Constant I-fijniciS.tj'' and ¥ajyine Temperatai^s •!»
lltol# 11*
SX
Time (minutes) Hecjiiired for BlooEiing of
m
1k%l« M»
liifcl# IS#
fcfei#
It*.
tf»
Aimerag® P«r cent Pollen irerainatinn of Trio
Selections of Paepalim dilatatum in Solution
A^ut M®4ia- at S«p@mtewss irm 24 t® 39® C*
fS
Average Per cent Pollen wermiiiatifm of 1'«kj
Selections of Paspalum dilatattm in Solution ani
Agar Mo4ia at Sworose Oi^oentrationei frora 0*0
to 40.0 Par ount
if
Average Per cent Pollon n«rmlnation of Tte)
aeleotions of I'-fespalum dil&tatum in Solution arsi
Agar Msdia of 0, frtm ••4 to
If
Analysis of Varianoe on Pollen Cr«minat©d at
fmp&ratwrefi fr<m 24 to 5&® C. and pH from
4#4 to
Agar and Sucrose Oonstant
®8
%mf m nmm
9MM ' t
FiKUP® 1»
Figure 2.
Spikelets rmoved In purity determinations.
Spikslstfi containii^ ergot and withstandijog ftir
Figure 3, Cross»0eetion of 2
Figure 4* SpikeXets oontaini^^ seed
Figuim
GroM steoHdem ot 4
0, liwid fr»e frot gluMS
Vksam %
«j? flowering la « paaiele «••....*•.•
figwrtt &*
lewml flowsring by ho^j.rs
fipiw §.«
itsml, flweriig- %
?
f
?
f
7
?
IS
SI
# #*«••••• #•**« #«« «.»-
S8
,Wkmm I®* ^Flowring under high and Im soil laoxstortt*
IS
Mm ^'loiiejring by hours under high and low
soil moisture
Kgmm ti# Day revera&l,
Flomring by howre#
Pas^mluTn dilatatum
4$
Wlguim is. Day reversal, Flcwfering by h<:»irs»
Baspilm urrlllel •«•••«••««•#«••«»»*•••))••
M
.»gaf» M# Day re-yei^&l. FXotsering by hours,
Paspalum malacophyXltm ••,»•••••*«•.•••••••
4$'
•Ilpre IS# iGMrly
4f
'^y 'mmmmi
figam IB* film of initiation of flowering at
differerdi temperatures
SS
m.
Fiwm II*
Figure 17, J!;yf;ot® 8 hours after pollination x l®0
Figures 18, 19 and SO. ?ro«rfjryos 12 hmre after
polliiiation X S30
ftgrnm tl« Fro&v^rjo S4 houi^s after pollination shot?iag rounded mature x S?5
m-rn froasftjiyo beginning to leaa^tben S6 hours
after pollinaticox X 216
Fipaf# fSi Proembryo 48 hours after pollination#
Hot# cellular endosperm x 22S
R©i«l
ProeEtoryo 60 }xmra after pollimtion
K »0
Embryo 72 hoars after pollimtioa showiasg
a praliaiiaiary step in initiation of tlie
&asM % 200
I#* foar»day old ©isJaryo. fli© posterior lobe
has differentiated x 34S ••*•••»•«••«*••••
Figur® 27» SB4>ryo 5 days after pollination showing
distinet ooleoptile prlmordia and plunnjl©
growing point. The radicle begins to
differentiate at this stag® x SOO «•***.•«
S8* Embryo 6 days after polliimtion ahowxHig
mpid g;r<mth of ooleoptile and the distinct
8«edlir^ leaf primordia x 100 •«••*•«»««*•
ft* Msitare «aA>xyo 18 days after pollimtion
X 100
Croes-8©otion of a, 6 day «®bry© showing
soodliag lea-f and oolew)XJtile aiwind th«
plumule growing point x IIS
Cross-section of a 14 day old embryo shoaping tlie seedling; leaf and Idle iaitiation
of aiiother leaf primordiiaa 3C 90
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Piguire 1.
Figure 2*
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3*
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5.
6.
Spikelets remcured in purity determinations.
Spikelets containing ergot and withstanding
air blast.
GrOss-section of 2«
Spikelets containing seed.
Cross section of 4.
Seed free from glumes.
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lto»a
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pollen long©-?lty of S36 <^Rye in 'fi;TTi'h& latlfolta to oii«*4«,Xf hear i»
Seealit
. &;»« l» * 'tciMwoy -to
la -j^llwn lm$mwi%y
within m g«J3ius.
.••&•
.«fc«trti®t©iristio ®f gimp® p>ll«a it fey
M^ma^ iu^ fcrlan (2)
for only
r#p®i?t
10 minutes
itoo state that barley pollen. »xposefi to
lost its gerainatiTr® properties ©ompletely*
* prof»r rgmgm «f,
siast
fiB^0 of temperature and that the «t#r
»#
^b®y
witli a a#rft&ia
©f
pollen wMi
ttet It .»«*M %» iwaQily. killed ^ btepia^ iww.*»
wp* it» ttSii.
-ef th-ft fti?tlfi®itt.i g-«»iaa.tl« ©f l>*rley, psl-l^
BRteiif '^it t^««lo«s thftt
lima to
ia h^wiMM»Mm mm Am wiA nmm te
Msk #f mmp%ivi^ sf
®iey •
stat« MmU' tk© ^hysinml, im^m m& a«t gpeoifle a^festaawis &t ^
:^f©nBibl« f«r pollen
1»«
(67) -ms «ii3* to storo undisturbed barley pollen for If
iay# m m'^
»«
at 40° F.» and for U i&fs «t 50® F,
19
'gmttmrn. titfcea •fmm
"but poH#a .fww
th«
of" barley w5.th spikes cut from, tto® fJairt iutti jIs eed in
(02), -wiiag
p©il9a
««•% •few®#!®' ©f ti^psiro«a»-,» Jwaai
that viabili-^ ms lost by tSa® third ds^ after cutting.
als>o fouad ttaat
,
Meroado (fg)
BUgaroane pollen deoreased mpidljr in viability aj^f
hmm btttp by'fk»i»»-rrt»g
l» »ol«ti<m«:.* 'It#
able to bridg# th# differsnoes in flowerii*B iJitervals aad ii^bridiae
m mmO, fmmh *tis««s. m A
viabilil^.
tm
Uutt (30) and Vexsketraman (90) gi^e
f©ll«a
t© j«io» tl»* a
uiedim oaccfcainiae G«7 per o®nt agar and 26 per doe^
for
arttfisial ptttiittation
et m$mwimm
p»tl«»,
|* hm'%
Is w««d t»«li a
»iftod to t«at mrltti## aai pl&irbs as^ pa»».t«' ia -iBe&reaii®
a.i«i wtibod lww» •*!,»» biPM, ttsed to select
la
hwmi.ltm (?!)•
fe^'-es (70) tmwA, Itatt't -tt# b©st pollen g^fwlaati^a iftth rl«» «» a%
Ifc# M* of
&i« vi#if i« also E«M by aiW3i(l»ift:oi' (.at) itoe
gs^fl
i«. «ha,r&st»riai@<i by a, M-gk mtwr ii®»t«.afe aai
a »fi4 .tat# ^
'M
liw
fS® to
t® f&r cent).
p»i.i«a lo^prl.%' % wsaas ef
C.) end relati-vsly h'lgk 'himitlty' (8#
H® olass«i nrasses as bsslm^iag to a gmmf
sttgai*
pr^bly #r«a%» a
sawett® p«#»#ttr« for' a*%ifieial g-amimtlsaw
A
•&»
i® glws
fer »».*• » #f«el»s. m t© las#
w*
oonditioas for
•'oM.
germination of poXlss :£a vitro, storing*
All teKw
%m §mwaAmM.-mm
ei pollen •xo«pt l^at of wa&m*-
g9mm of pm»e@#, them
St^ fSai
•% al, (88), woriciag wi^ II
gmmimtitm 1 li««s &ft«r folli»tiea«,
IS t®,
pm- •§«%•
bflst tor thjs.
4a. •iilalNr «fiiy
gimsa poll®a, Ihi^
pxmm4
gtvm « Iw p®.r
•gfmiaftMeii Mw g**#« pollen#
B*tr ma-
|&| Iwr# <jb'1»'intd m moh m W f«r ©eat gitwiin*
*ti©ii <jf com pollen m « ffltttr4«a* a«iia®
^aal i®
fimy .fistibi limt tih# 'bgtow#^
e®®*
w&w «»i
•&« f
*
r
wty
of
«m#*t}iird ©stfossii to th« «lr
p»p
artlfiotal g®»ifflati®9a of
Itet. follstt f»'ia4»KtS.«n ©w %• «««i '«e»»«ftelly tw
the distinotioa of tit# speoies of
gmma Brassiea.
found that wiMi -m, increase in th« »msm ©ontent
A aB^s-4 iusw&WH*- tils
of b@rri0«»
ttfoa
ia iSm
Iwit
Best results were obtal»«i iii#m
« ^ o -thirae 3jabedd«d
#ib#r mmn ka?» %•«» *€« of
Si«SL fft)
f®r
to cause burstim^*
•«ai «t « teal4i%
^
cytoplasm should be slightly oa th® kyfo^tott#
Sid© »:© #111% tist f»llia
aot imflily
#•? ,|»r seat ugatr^
IfccDaaiels
Furr (5?)
%|r' -artif isial g«mi»tlon mi
Wi^lmW (Si)
wttei^
.airf s#St.t$ig
of tftigrs aad
fruit mm%
18.,
i:« Mom
m to
atell4%' to-
la
oviltur© im wlation to abiiitjr to aff«@sfe fortiliaatioxi,
»tat@s
pollaa my hm able to
in
-Aai, 'yvt hm
&&
it i».
t© fwnalaRt#* teer
®a ti30 ©at®-r liwai# 'b«3.i0»«« •Uiftt
ftmttimw CsS) used both
loag«irl%- ©f
orolss,
RHi artificial mtiia in testing %l»
Uliam p0ll»a»
Pa««#ok«r C-»f> gi*r«» 'ia-ia ftm %m
tm) ^of psasis-# &»1 mm of p3m»
Tmrim^km mi
«»0i«*]pttHi»at»i#
w#w s»,lfv a«il
is it
g#r?!5inatioa
l)t«-1i0W»a
if*#- p«llea t#
lg»««ter (M),
p«fcit.%o,
(it)#
l»t !»»% l%s f^r t®-
artificially i» ftill eapabl® mt
i#
#f
Wi^mm C«Oj f«ai thftt pollsa mm ¥«
used for fertiliz&tioa m long
setting#
EaowltGa (41)
fiwtt
gewixtrntiaf th«
of
th9\ ability ef tl» p®l'l©» t© gfi«im1» in. yit»
of tl» to
grow in mw to
ittrt@3ri» .CfS) ,f«0»atly re-p©r^4 «mt
p&ltea ftr® rmry
dwl®*
m-UMmm of 6«li«
' aai ooaeentration wi»t hm exact bafor© germin,-
mti«a tafe®#- pMmm
H® et&t«s tfe&t
iwm ftmr. .to^ Bmmn
ability of siij^aroane pollen
isys to^ fertilii# efa-ow® tlmt ge'raiaatloa
m
ajftlflelAl asdiw i« a test ctf tli« abiltty of 8«.|p.r«eMB pellaa t©
Hoiwjallyte*
ttot hm
1# finds Ifcat ig#wiii»tl©JB
ea©' iay my
with -Ml* Si«* ©owdition® of' eoaceatration, t»^p®a«tar#^,
fS, «A twml'Wty*. Vm gi-w-s -wiaely Taryiag f«re«atag«8 ®f gwraimtioii
#f sag&roM® fN&H#a».
(66),
ef Qya^la #|N#®:i@#,^ taw fwai
that In hybrid plants differences in pollen procMatida mfy wil^ th#
genetic constitution of this hybrids, tfc»
f«rrtilte g»ii©tie cors*
sti-feitioas possessing Mgher proportions «f g:Oiai' ptlMa
fertile o onatitutions •
mm
Ha mde pollen studies
im- fertility,
3?hi»
tiw
hybrids
tfe» 'likis.iag^ sf
ltt3E^#.r geiisratioms %y reducing lit® required eytolop;icftl eawiimtions,
Milford (§9) JRwaiA a® ooarrolatioa between per cent "good® f»llea aai
ia
i« t©.
wswlAtisa
however, aiaete this grawF #f' p.laa%t •mmm: t© hm «
utiEtttsw
©f pollen g-«aiw
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pr©iww3f (SS*-!.?)
»»##»
-mm ®ls«tew mew th®
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S* pl&t#* mm -timn fii&mi la
ia
of relative humildi^ mm
ttrf wftt«r la
proportions as listed by
ffi- pfer «»at
-wlfttri© aeM"
Stoall (Si) to
Ha-I#®
mm .a«fc, pift'SWi aM©r varying fawniiditieg,
stedt#* iaeM-iM
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t»gttia#a% afpr©xlmt®|y i hmm
^&««i^»@int8 of spike lets mfm^
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liiwmgfc^'
liwrly mmw^. mi ftowssr ttBa»r
A-mrngQ
mm giws la f»1jl#» l# 3
fl:gttwi i*'
®lt«w
It will b® nm^i ^m%.
Tlgoarousl^ betws«a t#®:
tt#' mximm. •«* iaOa a.m., at wtiich
^
myyillal
-Sifl© Um*^ mmMm
mm- mt#/ fe«®ta» to
l>«g.liMi- %©• flmmr
lio«r
hmf&m 4mmt^ mM mmekm it» mximMm. within m kmf aflw-amrto.
%#f i«» a«fiig#r f Iwwir-tog
«.•««»'WftAilg' tite «£S«ia. between 6|CX);
4sO# »*m#. &»i ttCXJ
«ai f»CO »•**
hmm^ lyPfeKf Hi* WKfiMt. of P. unrillei
&t y«
throe Mtwp®- mfimt
iaM'^wtiag tta%
wmm ««jisitive to
3^*.
i«
•®»a to light# ^ fli« mximm Qf flew«i4ag
lijrwi: lwO:»
'fei# sfettit# mods some period of
•twicss plao<^.
Sti# i#
--itow "wM laoi.liftst® «»%•
%#*#»• ia*«.a»iw tlmmrim
The avemge te!iap©mtu»
mm twm vf' f.
iislaMiTii lw^<4i%
©f f lewsri^
%%m «*»• 'te •§# f« m 9m
(»!#: *)..•
frsM tl fe^r ®«iJt at SsOO ***,, to ®1- par seat
*t t«0O •»•»•
®» «»11 ra:^» ia
iadio&t««. feat
!»8t
wsi. tewiAlty
Ibttflf
m«s«. .*»«»#.#
•
t«
Day
t
lairig«r. of i^aemm, opmUm
of i
bloom-J
a«i
^
^
The Averag® Nuiaiber of Plo^aers Biocmixig Each
Hour in 15 Inf Xorescsnces of Baspalum ITrrillei
During the Blocaaiaf Period
t
t
s S-4 i
hmm*
«
4-S
1
t
S-6
J
fl-7
t
f
7-8
8-^
iby days
1
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li'
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71
s
s
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8
164
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Ti
138
If
ti
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Total
by houi^
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.1:
A. A
t fotai
m
1
f
i
f
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t«S
t
«
1ft
ff
1
m
m
m
1
fill
tfl
m
m
»
imt
fh© Average Nusaber of Flowers Blooraiag moh
Hour in 16 Inflor®aeenfi®8 of Pasp&lua dilateiaiiK
Burir^ th© Elocsaiiog period
'
I
of j
Illoosa-J
l33^ I
1
, ,
21*^
I
I
S«"4
of
:t
:i, .
opsttti^
initcftted boors*
, |.
t
f
# ^
t total
I IH6 t jw? t 7»S
8«»9 tbi'
s
.
t
s
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41
•4
fit
%
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iff
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g
f
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s
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m
fSi
i«
Day t
of I
bloos-:
The Anrerage Niaabep of Fltmer# Bloojaisig Kaoh
Hour in 15 "Infloreaoenees of P&spaluBs ®alaoop]^il««
fiariitjg th© Blocming Period
.
' lumbfiy of ttmmm opoaiag &% iadioatea
't
:f
t
• 1
:i
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2<-S t 3»4 i
.t 6*^ t 6^7 t 7«»8 g
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8*9
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143
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" 11
Total
by houw
Si
•S0S
a
IS
t
S
t
=|t
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T
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f
11
loti
so.
full# #•
Day 1
of t
bloom-*:
im
i
a
t
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H
T
H
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H
t
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t
a
femperature and Humidity Headiiags at Each Hour
IXiring tJi© Blooming Period of the Faspalm sp,
in Tables 1, E and 3
1
t *
m
m
n
m
n
80
74
78
71
78
a8
81
70
80
70
70
84
70
84
7X
®3i
70
Bleadings at hours indicated.
1
»
-i
•f
, $
m
80
72
80
72
80
7S
78
71
78
68
81
69
80
70
82
70
04
70
84
71
80
@§
82
32
72
72
s
4
74
80
7S
78
72
BO
72
78
71
7B
6S
81
69
(K)
70
80
70
84
70
84
71
80
69
81
7g
80
si
76
80
73
75
78
80
«
ft
n
m
it
81
80
70
W
70
m
n
m
n
»
n
m
ft
»
I
S
78
80
74
70
74
70
76
&6
74
72
70
80
70
80
70
80
70
84
78
80
ft
78
72
70
72
70
i
t
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so­
ft
fS
it
fi
-ii«o
§#•
fi
fi
-t
Q t
m
70
80
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82
SO
84
56
88
50
78
62
7S
72
74
72
71
se
w
78
?i
f#
74
ft
64
m
m
m
78
70
84
SO
84
t
90
64
88
«
»
44
SO
92
44
80
60
78
6&
•ft
w
n
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
Floi sr®
5<C„
unrillei
malacophyllum
dilatatum
04
6-7
5-6
Normal Plow^^ring
Figure 8.
By Hours
7-a
8-9
1%
b«r
la «iai
@f mmy ef
-nay
hmm hma fmllf -mpeimi At ^h» &«»•• -of tet
^•mm aofe fclly
^k» m^m-
.p«.a;&.ii; arid •blioi'efore tk#
MwlJ^ .ep»ae4*.
FlpmpiM
In Bsa^ of •Ih»
m
«# not
^VO' mmwmi,
-iRa feoar- fr»vt<«a«
flitt mM
tl» same for ail
%at it ijsiloates that tl»»
of flemwi^
mmwmf
imtai wlfeta a sMrter time in ».|«!0l#« •ttoat mm highly
by light*
»© ##«©nd&ry perioi «f flfjwiriag liM^ b»«i
mi th® Wimm
in «£^
»twdi@d.
&« tliat
tm? «H
m»mm» %».
of tii#;
©^» mfl«« i-owfitat with tfeg sli#
th# Mflmmmmm "imt. $mmgm
W i*ys fey y« t^rrilleiy 11 4«ys for y«,
&ai 9
for
y# dllatatum*
im f%w» f»
35ie sat® #f flowering by lay* ,i»:
«f
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102
184
123
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60
SPECIES AND TREiVTHEST
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•alaeoj^UoB - nonal
unrlllel noi
unrlUei - irrigated
dilAtatuB - irrigated
dilatatun - nonal
4)0
ao
Hour
2-3
-J
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Kownno BT mas inrau HIM iXD UM son Moisnn
Figure 11.
41
BtfbSe §»
Day
of
t
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femperatui^ and Rmnidity Headings at Be oh Ilour
of tiie Blocffising Period of Paspalum sp. Before
and After Changing the Natural Relation of
Li^t and iferkness to fempei^ture and Huiaidity*
f •
1
f®
'
m
m.
n
fAU 'f. The Av®mge Muiaber of Flowers Bjooialng in 10
Irtflorescences of Fa.spalvoB sp. Before end After
Changino; the f;atural Relation of Light and DarkttW#
to Temperature ond HxtmifJity,
Average of 10
Infloresoenoes,
i my
P, dilatatum
t
i of j^Nuiaber of flowers 05
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Figure 12.
I
6 1 2
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J
6
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6
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Figure 13
6
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6
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pa.qptT.TH^ tlBV-nTli-T
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DAT RETORSAI.
12
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Figure 14
12
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47,
SPECIES
3(0.
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dilatatum
nnalacophyllum
Hour 5-6
6-7
7-8
8-9
HOURLY FLCTZ/ERING AFTER DAY REVERSAL
Figur® 15
9-10
4M*
lO#
The Average ffeisnber of Flovj©rs Blooraitig in 10
lafloresoeaoes of Baspaluia sp, with Coiistaiit
fesiperature and ftliere th® liaiati-w Huaildity Was
EeTTsrsed in Ite Hormal Relation to Light
MuB>b«r oi
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#,-ff m, wide#0f Hi# liifl#3«ai®»«er««' *f». A-wm tsa. flgum f*
%» tiw»^
required for th« proeeus of blooaing in tli® individual t%om% mi ^km
on SO florets of each speeies for fiw
required for blooming in 100 florets at each
Ihl#
atura imterval.
tt»»'
Intervals of S® F. w©r© wed frcea 6S® to 85® f»
la all sfBftioo- mm-
fsr
1i» mm
msmvt tlwt 1310 abrupt iiKsrease in the tt»# required for bloast^ ttt
?•
«>i
iiuu"rnii>'i«iaalaoo|^ylli-im
mii.i' •<H'ij»nM««i"i »i'n«ffiSn,inaf'i »i .'i"'i i'ri im i<i
#
«ni 'xF»
unowiln'murrllloi
iwmmminwUMuamnjrajiiwriM«' ooourred at •« twperature S
W* tow®#
The ti«»: required fti" Wm bioomiag «f i©0
P. dilatatua*
y» dilatatuBi at eaeh temperatiir® ar® ah<}WB ia ^ follcwlsg
Time (mimtsa) 'Req-aired for Blooming of
100 Florets of Paspaltaa dilets.turn.
*
'
•
0^g»tMi y» t
55
@0
65
?0
7S
«
«
' '
261-447
164-348
67-180
47-104
38- 98
S6- 63
ZSm 44
.
' t
.1
f
Warn
362.08
260,00
142^74
77,01
64,4&
48«38
S8*S@
f
t
t.
' f
stmnd&rt
•§
#CT-0g . ; ,»:.
45.57
59.M
E0.§4
18.54
8.6g
S.77
S.90
S1^d®r4
©iror
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pum I I ,
Figum •
m SS&*
%i©t* S hears- At-ber
Pigar«» 18,,. %9 &b4. Mm
frmAtf&m 1-2 hmm
pallitmMim % W&*
,f4gu»» i.l» ftweiaibryo
24 hoiir» af1s»r polliuatioa sliwri.^
»turo X 276.
BPOembryo beginning to
fi-gts» ti,,
48 hour®
225,
» &«»rS «#%«# folliwRtisa
polltaatloR*
Hot# ©tilwlar'
fi^nm M-*
Pr#«ato*f® 60
flgtir# 25.
iitobryo 72 hours after poliirtatie® sfcewiag &
step ia iaaltiutiou of ttie a^iis x SSMS»
t®#
Four-day old embryo.
differentiated x 246.
a S€»,
Bi# foet«rii»r Isb# hm
Figure 27,
Erabrj'-o 5 days after pollination showing distiaet ®ol®»ftU#
prijnordia and plmaile growing point. fee
b#glal
to diffsrentiat® at this stage % ZOO,
Rgntm iS*
I&foryo 6 days after pollination showing lupid growth ©f
coleoptile and the distinct seedlisg leaf primordia x ItJO#
figusrt ^1,
Mature os&irym IS i«|rs after |>ollin&t4-0a x l.®3»
fi.g«i-r»
Cross-seoti<« ®f -a S Smy mmhiyiB skmis^. sea-dilug l®«if a-aiooleoptil© ar<Miii the
*. .HS»
H.ga»
a 14
enflsryo showing tb® seedling
leaf meA tfa© initi&tiott ««P «nother leaf primordim x 90,
60.
PLATE II.
Embryology of Paspalum dilatatum.
ajnali apio&l o®ll «ai. ist m»h liupg®r %*Sa,i •©•El*.
oeear, bat-
mmlsl a» 'fw®.
hmvB after
(flgaf# 21,)*
tk* f»wabryo %««•«»« r«39i«€
'&« €i£tmmmm hm^m
%mrim "bm&l mllm is mtm
»a»il
pr«aa«fl#i
9mS»&p»m aa.®l»i ooatim# t#
fmw hmm
MpM
•«®i1b9E aai th#
If»lt«ur
%«%
f rs®.
ti#-
^«a%^
mnlmlm fmm '«4ght t®-
cells Eurf' rai3®#s imm B$ %9 ^ ttt#f©as to
%#g,ti3*- t# lfl®^4i»a «.% I® hmmrn
Thm pro*
©»: ftftml «»tl«
%« b# mmUar than th© basal o^lls (Figure 22).
W«l®t
'Wm
tlw
to divide T/it3iout th® fomatio® #f s»Il mli««
Rirttiar l®ngtfe©siiag aasi
:«t 48 hmm (figum ti|»
«0S:
of
pwm^rym Is
fii# 4if£@mmm in
9$m of ti» stptflgtl.
•©»lls hmwmgm «r»
th® «a€®sf««
A » &©«»
^•giai
-t© it-
It®
S4) ^ -wbiryo few
fSt
*pto*l e#H« ©f th® eteb-shmpti #rib'.sy© e-(m%in» t« 'fe#
tfe«a tl»
e0lls,
I© organ primordia are «irta<6a^ •.% tteis s-tastga#
hmgim duriag. tb# •gmtiiOt twm ^ ^ t% 'hmm*
M Mmomm. la tli# r«t# of cell divisioa tm m. mterxor
mgtm
& slight protuberance (Figwre 8S),
Is * pwlSa-towiy- ttsf la •'ft# imltimtlsa ©f
parallel -wl-tti tk« «i» ef
th® #«« ®,iis« m M
p»g«brjo»
i>«fO'r«.* .
«!«,
^his
and
|g n<^
Sfe® «rt>ryo i«- •«pproxli».t®ly
I
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Si
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•p
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9*
A
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Tsibl^ 14,
t
,
Mea I
. s#». 1
11-48 Solutio3a pH S.8
«
"
W, moTom
«
pH S.8
••
*
U% suerose
«
t
I»
Awrag® Per cent Pollen termination of Two Salectioits «f
Faspal'uin Sllatatim in Solution and Agar Media at
f®ii^'rit«re8" 'ff^m 8% t© 8^® 0,
•
m&t pollen -gerEaination at
ia
. ^ .
•
a»gr®»j> muU-smAm
•«
t
»
i
f
'» • ' f •
•
li t 8?. i if- « » t SI i M 1 SS .» ii
2.76
3.96
S.0 8
3.07
S*S5
4.gS
3.85
4»3§
2,9S
4.11
4.14
5.65
S»4^
g.65
S,70
5.19
2.44
4.06
S.^
4.53
2,95
2.45
4.1?
4.17
3.81
3.58
2.97
5.^
3.20
3.02
S.58
4.08
.1"
•
i if
2.54
S.50
2.17
5.17
t
t Awri &&•
»
2.58
3.48
3.91
3.47
S.OO
S.28
3.50
4.29
S.52
if*lf
»
«
«
Solution pK S.8
«
1S?5 8uero««
M^&r pB 5.8
"
15;^ suoros®
4.16
3.94
3.74
2,38
4.S4
3*12
3.11
4.53
S,61
3.49
3.21
5.74
3.74
2.90
3.60
6.22
3,64
4.56
3.87
3.52
S.72
2.88
4.93
3.36
3.48
S.92
3.36
3.41
2.76
5.01
3.72
3.05
2.84
4.08
3.09
3.86
S.48
8.64
2.86
3.08
3.51
5.4S
3.§§
3.92
i
*
ii* A^rag© Per oant Pollen Germimtiisi ©f fw© ftf
Paspalvaa dil&t&tua in Solution fcni
.leila iRt Suoros®
Conceatratioae £r<m 0*0 to ^.0 P«i? t#at»
•t
Seleo-J
tion :
»©• •
i
W»M.^
s
•S
0,.0
S,0
Sa©r^« 0oaeeixtrRtion la p#r e#at
s
*
# •
f
1
« 10*0 t IS.O s E0*0
1: 20,0 t 30«0
1 '
i
1,
t 40.0
1 A»®3e^"
» M.#
ll»«48: Solutioa pU f»S
«
Igar p3 S»8
5.0t
s,7a
s,.if
5,40
4,09
3.SS
4,34
S,67
4.29
3,30
3,48
2,11
4,28
2,S7
2,39
2,12
3,80
2,98
3,84
§6-17 Solution pH 5,8
n
%itr pH 8,8
3,68
3,52
3,53
4,04
4.S3
3,93
S.87
2,91
4,06
2.81
4.00
3,55
2,63
3,68
3,14
2.98
3.S5
3,33
Table 16,
•
2,73
Awrage Par cent Pollen rrermimtion. of Two Selections of
•Faspaluss dil&tataai in Solution and ^ar lledia of pH from
•*4''
p8 of itildift
Seleo-t
i
5,2
4!»4
s
t
a
f 7.S
f
5.6
t
6.0
6.4
« .
t
. t
MHS
sucros®
iptr ISfX 8\ioro««
S.5S
§,84
S*ti
4.4i
3.67
4.88
S,20
5,29
S,S5
4,09
3,57
4.69
3.09
4,S6
2.91
4,22
3,17
5,87
3.30
4.27
fe6«-17 Solution 1^
sucrose
»
Ig*l*
suero«»
S*04
4*4t
fmSf
#»&4
3,42
4.52
3.40
3,80
3,85
4.18
5.25
S.9S
3,60
3.83
3,83
3,82
3.14
S,S1
3.37
4.12
«
68.
ft' f®«»' mtA wMeb tlioHi m
SrII# If #
fari»tl.©»
t«
«r»r«:
Axmlysie of l/arisRoe on Follen S®rmiMa.-te4
at Teaperatares frcsa E4 to 38° C« and
pH from 4,4 to 7»8 -with %«r «ad Suoros»
Constant,
f
•t
1
1
;t
t
$.
D#f.
Total
Total
PH
Temp*
IS X T®mp.
Sarapliaf, error
UmB\*
3§9
1.90
24.68
3.16
8.14
130
^ relatien t©
%im
•a®o»ssftiy t#
S.OS*!'
tm
' h%0. ••rr©r. It tM aot s««h
&^rmtttr» »latio» iwir®. frntd t© glvm
.tigalfteaat
ia ^ studies,
If ie tm mm ©f
'Ihe waists ©f
•xfs.riiata'^ ia
frw ai® ^ S# 0« aatf ^
•Ai»-1© mifiag gB
?
amlysis for all ©oirtititw »ai»r wliloli .|»o|.l»a
wr©
•tti« oae j»r ©sti^
'1
.
*
179
17
9
153
iasspsatioa ©f
fr«i
4*4 to
f*S.:
M
temiewfter^s' «»«» mri:«4
Signlfl^t
mmm obtRinwft f«r fewt
tfe« lat»r»«%.S«i of fii m®i
at
the.
-mm not
slgnlfl'stfflt .liiwii t#tt#4 «gAt»t samplii® «3Prer»
I^l3.#a ai»:» mriAA wi?y lltti#*
P. itl&t&tum «?r@ras«€ ,S4fif
.i®d' .tti#ii»
Bi# #^»rl«wA p»il.®a .g.r«l3mi of
•^mm of ttrtri3,lol
p. imlaoophylliiBa 3S«4 mioroaa*
8S«6 wiorsasji
o
o>
f
t
•©>
i
1
«
«
i
2
o
«•
fit
f
I
r
#
---s
fS fe*«
f
fr
•m..
IS
Msi
14:)
show that
til* fkm
tlmmtimg*
ta iarka«e:*
«is0 a
light eondition#
factor
ta g«*»rmiag;
fi# fl^wriag ©f y.« aalitgophjllMa
3.4)
iif »#®rsal* ««« #a ^ 4#.f ®f tl» ©I»i3ge.»
indicates ttait teiaperatur®
is tl» raor®
inporfcai^ factor, although li,^t
€ii ahaag® it# flwuwring
mam- a®iml fl«w»riag of ?«
urvlliei shmm l&iit, species t© be slightly more isensitiv© t#
9m m.mmmry
light &.wA
Mm
b«for« i%.
ligfc^}*
,,©» taiiiW. rt«» in flowering of P. dilatattan (Vi^m 12) after lightlug
«ii«w» thi
of light on this speoi&s,
Flgttr««. M0. IS -^mai It
1
©f
m. •eswiissfsiybl#
th®-®#
»» iaatrstt## i-ja. th» «««»t ^ l%ht mmmsmsf %©
t«mp®ratur«#
of light for
flo«f«ri33g at considerably higher temperatures (figetw 11)
suggests that differeitfc
ia th® 4iff®r«at
i&ftowi# i»
It) «ai tlwi'' ase#s»i%
the
physiolof.iostl
tfc»-
»pwd'ttetioa
proeessee Htay control the
,pwf»rti« ©f liffet aM
premsmm mt
mt^mm m^amA «f
speeie® shomli
laoeiii-
lih* f|L®«i'f4«g
pr«s«si !»i 'b:* -afii^liied fey•, light thoald also be ttudi^a,
posaihl©
-to
mmm ifetse-
period#
of
th» p«rl«4i' 0i tlmmwim
flooring
^
In mm-
iiii*
!%• *tgWI
«i' p«ri®i-aui
24-h
mfmim
Smr%m (22) <i0lay0d flowBtlt^ ia F. dila^-toB by encloaing fsai#!®* in
#«iM »Bt'.
i«f
t»s|»ra'tw»« w#» higher#
mme.t flwwariag la'to®* ia 'tt*
il» f^pertwi
wittowt-
or -amsttriBwafe#.,.
•mm pmrn im
1# •«!«© ttforted
1511% «i«.t
-wmM »o%
i^rnmm hlmm€ ia
M#%wfs^
bags,
•«»
^ fewliity
wltfetn *1^ »tag#s
«»«» t® hm
fm Baiaoo^yllma tlommA at high haaiiditie# l3«t w«lA mot fjowr'iafii^
m ml'&t.
luyton (33) found
no
blocaaiag,
iM
"W-S
gmmAmm or in "Kb® mis.*.
•ililw# ia
CHpiawt H ai^ fabi® 6) &r
twmming
isAjri.,!^ » mia#
tmMm^h « #©13.
dt
tta
4a»fca®»® t© t«^#,pftture and hu»iidity
(fmhlm
i|
to aff©«% fliwar«rl»g
tt -mmM. -mpprnm ttR.% i&.» fslMag- •»# mim m ima
1» %lit«
mt@r #*«Ptoi M
•Mps&im of fttsp&lqffl mm
fl0wr^»
a»
%taa% »m^
immi ia %m
«i®ag
iA#» h«l44% is ^»»HSually higlft daring %fee- 'iamm-
flowwti^- .mA mm^
fe3.@«8 durtag mia# would t®ai %o., Wi?4f^ tfe#'
#f3Pt-e%
liglit .aai-
ii0^il% mp» fliOwriiag i» a^^Mgibl®*
mm bett mh^mrml durls^ liaa^ or
tewidHif aaf %«• ta» %»
that
'fcigfe'te.
w^^iar iftmi
«t«erib«t ^•
«f oth«*
Sh# %m^ 'of
iaflusaoit of Inmidity oa %!» fIcwsring «f Paapaltam «p» l»8 t3««a fstttti
tw;« -wltfe, nlM»r «:f®9i»8 -e^ g»a»#«« |34.» if# 8S#, '®S).*
fhe present studies show that,
a defiai-te 1»»p©ratur»
m»i aiader a norrafi.! aiunml alteraatioaj, %«Bperatur® is
f*"8ter-»
Light, @r ptrtois ©f ligitt
factor sesenda-jy to te*p®»tai»;.
*«t iaif©rl»rt
mpp»Am- to h» -m,
m
I
1
IL*
ff'T
f*4
a
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1
<«
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•wf
fS#
(a) jaaib»r
M^imm.
9» •*SA@»«^ •ef
frm "tt-is wm^bm^ wm tcaxM in these species or %h@ir hybrids, wiltto
other sp®ol»e reported by ATrdulo-v and Tito* (§)•
ai#W' «««. t« %« m mrmlmW-m.
otifsa®®#®#® iemA0X',
eluKjae««» awf5^#l«^,g. •ia^, warplioiogioal
mt mmm .a^tet##*-
a# emm ^ wpyftloijioal dlffereiaces b#-^.«m ^#«« #p«.©i#« *#t
itt© % hiiiwiitssbl© eh&j^etere*
Sp©ele» ©f -Wi® g«Bu» ^^gpalum
to iH'fetfgmde (24), whether by hybridisaitle® ©r l>y revertitjg to
jPe«p ms& tti#
8p»«t#« Mpfmr to b» ©'te^iy
the
#*ii»3£* %ap»i«S,# »i«tl«ighipe «i.- ^ «xlBtene« #f polyplol(fy wi^la
tM» g«*» al#t%
f»»##»iMi
stiidi»i do 13W#
Siw»»*«r# ^<i«3«4«
dafittite
Poll«n Gerrainatiott
p®r cNBat of
g«»»d.8»M« #a
1*- C&bl® 14)»
«i poH«i •&t
P« dtlft%&ta» mm- a#t»l isai polle-n »1si.dt.@«. -wllli
'mm
»»ii«
«f ®ms#.
wrlfied«
mi tlii«
Is mvf sMf% ll^.»
1@ g^ftetrntioa mm-
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s|s©tJi0». "ijf tfce prpfBT mtiiimlftticm of ^tspwrn^m mA
'ft® »sfsrlwtt1»l mntrel of flow^rlag lia« »€« f««aib.l®
hybridigatlcm ©f Pm dilatatum with
urvillei iaai
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a« tta# Idfetfml • !»»%»•«» .pollinRtiw siii fertilisatian, of
.y» ft-wmg#
#«»«»*• eoaiiti«asj, i» %#%*« f •»ai: IB
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mm •!»« f«r Wtn ft#
ftmi It t-.o 4S
fkmm t« n© ««ai#is%®at awimgwiaat ®f
of cells la the proeiabryo.
Initiatioa of
ool®optilQ'«-radicl@
li«w«
lj«gla« fip« SO •%© ft
^ «i@ «3A'S^ im
«pi4
^ wi I# «tw«turally
tiw mtew w^ry-m hm «« f^liags toaf
root oitf *
Im 14 io IS isy#*.
bM m itatimt
, nuafcer® ta ifes
p©ll«a ©f P»
mm4 is 40«
ii sti#rb-li'*wi,, Wlioly Tai^/iag
f®-p®©at«f«8 of poll«a g«-jraiaft%i©B i»r®
"10^ f, aai
a
S^t» i» no ©pibl&st.
•a®- diploid
fei
thm
,
temi^rstwr## of
#pp#*t't® l}»
A¥%ifxoial pollen g#»lfi!3,tion ms:
%0 1»' ttnreliabls
I*®!® fiMf t«#€ se3.ectioa in Baspalum dilata'tea-*
« a
io.
.felisrson,, AJa, 15®veXopmeiit of i^e fsraale gasjetojiijrt® &xA
ia
&i»l
J. ligr. B®s. 34a001-ldlS, 1927.
8*
S,, and Jlariari, H*¥,
J, igr. l®s, lSsS25-§36.
OerairmMm of fcftrl®y p®llea«
1920.
S»
Aiwstroag, S.F. British grasses as^ their ewployment ia
agrioulturs#
Cembridge, Eng., Univ. Press. 1937.
4*
Arlisohissiger, E»» &nd Braiade®,
and Starret, R,C,
Develop-*
ment of flcmer and seed ot earn varieties of sugarcane.
J» Afc<r. lies. 3Sil*30» 19E9»
i*
Ateaasoff, J3, ^rgot of graiae aiwi §m.mmw
Bur. PI. Ind. 1920. ieeULiitao.
fi»
Avdulov, H.P. aad Titovft, S.II*
Additional chrorMJsojues in
fti.spalt»i
Boses.
ttuiiy
Bot. 8*aet»#
X
• """''(3nim "Xp^7 Bot*
aad Plast Br^edlsg)
Esl65«*172, 19?>g.
In loiissian. English aiiaroary,
pp. 171-17S.
f«
Aveiy
G.s. The ooleoptil© of Zqa Mays «ni
Bot. Gaz. 86a07-110. 1928.
D«pt« Ag.r»
gWyi##**,
Com^rati-ff©
«»! aorphology of nwtofyos
, stud see&iings of asaise, #«t» «tt4 ifeeat. Bot, Ga«.
89j1«S9. 1930.
i». B*ir, R.A.» and Locaais, YJ.K.
Soi. 948168-16??. 1941.
!§• Seal, W.J.
18S6.
&»§««« ©f fcir
2 vols,
Bi#
ef mim p©li«a*
¥«!%#. 1« la4,% «al 0©,-
jtl«
Beok, P», and Kojrton, J.S, Microsporogenesis and embiyogeny
in certain species of BrMas.
Bot, Gas. 03t42"54. l@St#
|i»
Broker, C,A« Studies of pollen geraination in certain speeies
and interspscific hybrids of Prujsjs.
Mxer. Coo* Hort, Proe,
29a22ol26. 1932.
ISb
B##30!sfs,
S«®d setting and flowariEg ia mriotts gm«e®»,
Bui, Vfelsh Plant Breeding Sta. oar. ii, 12t5-»99. 1331.
!#• Btaaett, H.W, F«age crop hmiaMMgm M««, igr.
Rpt, l$38s 8»
»*
IS*
if»
IS*
lf»
i®#
il.«.
8i#
W$*
S-^*
» Variations in Johnson «.nd Itellis gras8»
Aasoc» Sou, Agr. Workers Proo, 4Xi85"86, 1940,
Brink, II.A, Phj!'siolof';y of pollen. I, EeqitirerM-at*- f»r.
Amer. J. Bot. lls21G-828, 1924.
• B^siology of pollen. II, Rtrther consideration
aregardiag the requirements for growth.
Mmr, J. Bot.
UiI2«««S4. ItM.
ireim# E,D,, and Porter, R.K, In inproved msthod of testiaag
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A«soc»
Seed .toal, lorth A'scr, Proo, 27{44«4S, 1958,
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Has * Agr.
ISIS.
Bftswsa* n,B. Life history and poisoiKJus propertie# of
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J. igr. Kes, 71401-406, 1916*
1, Ber
Vlmr&
Burton, G,',;, A ayt0l0i:i0ai study of soia® speoies in the
gems B&spalvua,
J, Agr. i^e, 60«l,93-i97, 1940,
• \
Observations on the floTfiering hat its of tmw
Ba-Spalum species,
isjer* J. Bot. 2§t843»847* If48»
Mtm
IJhese, A, The Worth Ajasrioan speoies of Pasp&luta,
U.S. Hatioml Herberitsn 28(1)il«*310« 1029,
Contrlb,
iS»
taiur^i, a^'Lt ivfeiotio pliencatem tn certain gramteeae,
21» Jtetioeae and
Bot»"Sas*''"WidlSi-ftl#
19^ •
ii» Cooper,
Vitamines ast
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§«%» &«a, 100«884'-3S2, 1939,
if»
Groas, D,0. A revision of the PaepaluTs grasses.
Bept* Agr. Bml, ralT™"
]S,S.
iS«
Ifeiliker, W.B, Vitamin 8 fcM "ttte ^min&%i«a of pellea*
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Si,
if»
®@*so8h0nko, A.V. Physiology Ojf POXX67X«
P^XlcX«
Smiet.ji i Sel(^ (Bui, Appl* Bot. G®nat,, and Plant
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la Ettssias JSbsti^eted
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ift»
Cutt* M,L., and .^yar, G*G, Semimtlm of sugarcane pollen
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Bnglebert,
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C. Bot. Soi. lStl34-144. 1941.
P#.
i»as, M,W.
Agron.
li*
i4(«
The fXcmeriag habits ®f toothy.
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The life histcr^r of timotiy. IT*S.»
lapt. Bui. 1450. 1927,
S®o.,#
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m»
aafmrd, H.I. Ih#:
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ftf*
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Of<^aimegburg, S. Africa# Cetntral le-sm Agency Ltd. 1936«
8 TOl»»
lltehoook, A.s, Tfeiual of 1:21,0 grasses of tli®
tJ,S* E^pt* ,%r, fliae. Piib. tOO. 1S85.
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Uni-y* Cftlif. Publications in BotaiK^, lS{17&-204. 1926.
•iS* fijeaart,
W.O.
S00dlin^ d0*v^0lopx!^^nt of
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>l««icin, T,J.
"5Sr^
1927.
The artifloial hybridisation of grasses.
Welsh Pl&aft B«f#diag Sta, Bui. £©r. I£»
liS4:«.
as*
Kats, E. tjber die Banktion der Marb® bei i«tr iftiasBBg i«s
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HjoimflUilgkext uxui dae Beohstum der Pollensohlauche^
Mgew Bot* lS(&)i36S»418* 1930* Original not s«m«
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imn,
• aBd Seng, Ii«F« The relation of teiapoaratur® t#
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4f» felshmsmtay,
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Beih» Hot, Ebl, 60il-56» 1940.
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1042*
m*
lalue, C.D., and Aveiy, Jr.*
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U«l. Torr. Bot, Club 6Ssll-21. ISSS*
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8tt#
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Si*
I#<wais, 'u.a. and Shull, C*A. ^tiiods in plartfe f%-»iolo^.»
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•SI*
li#l3ani©ls# Xi.Ii.
B^Arrjt
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upon title gersttimtion of tiie pollen and the set of fruit
of t^ie apple. N<T. {Cornell) Af,r, %f» Sta. Bui, 499. 1930,
i$» fcirehal,
h, Secherohes sur les variations mmeriq^ues des
ehromosoms dens la eerie v^gi&tale,
Koy» Belgique.
CI, des Sei. ijsm. (2), 4j1*108, Coll. inBvo. 1^00*
84
JicCall,, M*A« &«Telopiiien.taI
J» Agr. E®s. 48!2e3*5ai.
aai
1934*
la
fS#
lircade:^^ T, Sfcidy of thf; flowerinp;
«»!i flow®!* ohii»e%)ir»istics of thre-e -mriotles c.f siif.:a.r©«s##
Fhi.l» igrie#
15s-181-19S, 1926.
Si*
M©rry» J, Studies on th« eirfcry® of Hordeua s&tiwm» X, The
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1841*
f?* 1®Jo»;oo, G, £ool0gio0.1 and physiological studies In the
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F,!,, Poll« studies in otirysmxtHxemms with ref©]£»«»#
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lohaea^ S. Experimental st-adies oa
Jap. J. Bot» 2»l-33, 1924,
0# sow tolix,
" ^
«1*
^mor, G, Scibryoentwiokelung tfi»r ®»Mtwfea»
2S7-263J 273-3^4* 18a1.
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if*
itrfeffift,
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St.
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a
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#f»
Po|», M,N. Viability of pollen of b&rley affciJ*
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ss«..
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Itaallan millet* I, ikithesis aad pollimtion. X:[^iaii
J. Agr, Soi, 3j5gl-571. 1933,
70#
Myea, 0»1.
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fl#
k simple method of rnaktag germinatioa t«#t«
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n*
fi«.
Gemination of the pollen of rice ajaj ^ll«a
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Tha
w
morphologioal eignifleaner of the
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?-4«: Sas®ir
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?kc, Agron. Vat,, VniVt n. Aires 2*41-43. 1941. Original
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,N. Die Z/jtolOi-ii© Bar Blutoapflanssji*
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ff.»
Sha.dowalcy, A.E, B@r antipodal® Appssmt
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ft*. Sllv»u#,
Texas.
?i»
f«ma gra««»*
1§33«
% wtlioiP*.
&a
Si6a> M. Germination expsr^onts \v3.th pollen of nmssica»
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<Jap. J. Gen. bt304«206, 1933. Original not seen,
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•$&» t*,!!# J.I. *aus.l of
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SI#
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h-y
Smith, P.P. Studies on the growth of pollen mth r®sp©et to
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Amer.
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•
Satth, '0., and Cochran,
.Sffeet of -te^perftter# -m pollen
gemination and tub© «;rcwth in the towa%#«
1ȴ#, (Cornell)
Ssp* Ste.
19^.
®l* SwAegss, H, ^Ssftjryogezde des Graminees. Derelopaent de I'em*
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L,
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IfS##
S%irtf0ns, F»L« &i»t Hall, J.8, Hiree intei^stlng 8g»ol®s «f
Clavioepa^
Bot, G&z» 60i^Q»46S, 1910»
if,. it#\rer, E »L» Rie e®bryo sao of Bragroetis oilianensls (All*)
Lirik, A new %p0 embryo sao and a suronar^^r of grass embryo
»ac invest!{Rations, Ohio J, Sol, 37jl72-181« 1937.
n
it* fabata, K,, Kikutu, E» and Sasaki, Z, Uber die KeiimingsTersuehe
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4ii@4*?6» 1029* Original r^iit «een« ^straoted in Biol*
i^s.
19SS,
##
Van Tisghess, F, Morpholor;i9 de l^erabryon et 1# la flaate.!#
ohes les Graminees ©t le® 0j?'pe3ra«s©8. toa*
Set# Sat* •
Bot, 3t259-309. 1B9?,
I©.#
¥enkats«jBi6n, l,ii» Gemination and presesnrntion of sugmmmm
pollen, Indian. J, Age, £joii,l?«127»132, 1922,
81,
Tinallj, H,H,, and Hein, M,A, Breeding miscellaneous grass#®»
U.S. Dept. .^^r, y©ari>ook Agr, 1937x1052-1102, 19S7,
ff$0. fleller* B»M, Pollen studies,
pollen in cult\ire r»dia,
368, 1940,
II, Genainatiwa ©f sugar oao©
Hanmiian Pla»%&r§ Bee, S4jSS1,«'
93,
WilkiiiB, T,E, inatomioal isteidies of eei*tain rTrajRi»e«»*
Ann, Bot. 4E*g05-Sl6. 1928,
f4*
Winkler, A,J, The effect of dormant pruning Qn the oarbohydrat®
asstabolism of Vltis vinifera, Hilgardiyji. 4il53"17S, 1929,
Sf.
fS# lodehous#, S*P, Pollen grainsf their
aad sigaifiean©® in science aad i»ii©|jie,
1935.
ftS%
idsntifieationg
J&sGra-s»>-aill Co.
T.H* Observations on the bloosaing of Orohard grass
flowers, ij5!©r. Soc» %ron.. J. 17j605-618, 1935•
VIorsddll,
Mbrpholof.y of the nonoootyledonous einbryo
and tifiat of the gr&s® In particular. Ann. Bot. 30t
60©-524. 1916,
81,
wi'ter te.
M» «4a®#w*- Ap|r©#t«ibi®a
.Doctors J.li* Mms and (3,?, falsi© for tb®lr
•'btltad#
sad spirit of eoas-bruotiv® oritieisja daMi^ Mim• pmpssmtim ei"
Ml# sMittSorlpt,
fh« wi?lt»r al»© wisli®# t©
M» helpful mmmmsmm% «»i a#rlc« ttireaghoat
Iffl I# also iBdebtod to Director Glareno#
ap# 8«»# f©r
««»»« ^
of tti#
Usstft^iffi ,|igj?ioultu3ml «cp©ri:.ieiit ^i-taticss. lb# ftimn©ial
«•#
»ii# tti#
#tet%