table of contents
advertisement
TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgements ..................................................................................... Chapter 1 iii Introduction 1. Basic Concepts and Rationale for Protecting Copyright............... 1 International Bureau of WIPO, “Basic Notions of Copyright and Related Rights” ................................................................................... Andrew Gowers, Review of Intellectual Property (Norwich, UK: HM Treasury, 2006) ............................................................................ Economic Council of Canada, Report on Intellectual and Industrial Property, (Ottawa: Industry Canada, 1971) ........................................ Industry Canada & Canadian Heritage, Framework for Copyright Reform (Ottawa: Industry Canada, 2001) ........................................... Canadian Heritage, The Economic Contribution of Copyright Industries to the Canadian Economy by Wall Communications Inc. (Ottawa: Industry Canada, 2004) ........................................................ 22 2. Judicial Perspectives on Protecting Copyright............................... 24 (a) Historical Perspective ................................................................ 24 Walter v. Lane, [1900] A.C. 539 (U.K. H.L.) ............................... MacMillan & Co. Ltd. v. Cooper (1923), 40 T.L.R. 186 (India P.C.) .............................................................................................. Ladbroke (Football) Ltd. v. William Hill (Football) Ltd., [1964] 1 All E.R. 465 (H.L.) .................................................................... Vigneux v. Canadian Performing Rights Society, [1943] S.C.R. 348, reversed [1945] A.C. 108 (Canada P.C.) .............................. Bishop v. Stevens, [1990] 2 S.C.R. 467 ....................................... BMG Canada Inc. v. John Doe, 2005 FCA 193 ........................... 24 (b) Modern Perspective.................................................................... United Artists Pictures Inc. v. Pink Panther Beauty Corp. (1998), 80 C.P.R. (3d) 247 (Fed. C.A.), leave to appeal allowed (1998), 235 N.R. 399 (note) (S.C.C.) ........................................... Théberge v. Galerie d’Art du Petit Champlain inc., [2002] S.C.R. 336 .................................................................................... Euro Excellence Inc. v. Kraft Canada Inc., [2007] 3 S.C.R. 20 ... SOCAN v. Bell Canada, 2012 SCC 36, (sub nom. Society of Composers, Authors and Music Publishers of Canada v. Bell Canada) [2012] 2 S.C.R. 326 (S.C.C.) ......................................... Reference re Broadcasting Act, S.C. 1991 (Canada), 2012 SCC 68 (S.C.C.).................................................................................... 2 11 16 21 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 44 50 51 vi COPYRIGHT CASES AND COMMENTARY Phonographic Performance Company of Australia Limited v. Commonwealth of Australia, [2012] HCA 8 (H.C.A.) ................ Eldred v. Ashcroft, 123 S.Ct. 1505 (U.S. Sup. Ct. 2003) ............. 51 52 3. Technological Neutrality ................................................................... 56 Entertainment Software Assn. v. SOCAN, 2012 SCC 34 (S.C.C.) ..... Rogers Communications Inc. v. SOCAN, 2012 SCC 35 (S.C.C.) ...... 56 58 4. International Treaties Related to Copyright/Copyright Territoriality ...................................................................................... 60 Harvard College v. Canada, [2002] 4 S.C.R. 45 ................................. SOCAN v. Canadian Association of Internet Providers, 2004 SCC 45 ......................................................................................................... Chapter 2 61 62 What Copyright Protects and Pre-Requisites to Protection 1. The Intangible Work ......................................................................... 73 Dickens v. Hawksley, [1935] Ch. 267 (Eng. Ch. Div.) ....................... 73 2. Copyright is a Creature of Statute................................................... 77 Compo Co. Ltd. v. Blue Crest Music Inc., [1980] 1 S.C.R. 357......... Bishop v. Stevens, [1990] 2 S.C.R. 467 .............................................. Reference re Broadcasting Act, S.C. 1991 (Canada), 2012 SCC 68 (S.C.C.) ............................................................................................... David Vaver, “Chocolate, Copyright and Confusion: Intellectual Property and the Supreme Court of Canada” (2008), 1 Osgoode Hall Rev. Law & Policy 5 ........................................................................... 78 80 82 3. Originality .......................................................................................... 98 (a) The Evolution of Originality ..................................................... 98 Ladbroke (Football) Ltd. v. William Hill (Football) Ltd., [1964] 1 All E.R. 465 (H.L.) .................................................................... B.C. Jockey Club v. Standen Winbar Publications (1985), 66 B.C.L.R. 245 ................................................................................ Feist Publications Inc. v. Rural Telephone Services Co., 499 U.S. 340 ........................................................................................ Teledirect (Publications) Inc. v. American Business Information Inc. (1997), 221 N.R. 113............................................................. 95 99 103 106 114 (b) The Current Test for Originality .............................................. 118 CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada ................. CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada ................. 119 128 TABLE OF CONTENTS vii (2002), 212 D.L.R. (4th) 385 (Fed. C.A.), reversed 2004 CarswellNat 446 (S.C.C.)............................................................. CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada [2004] 1 S.C.R. 339 (S.C.C.) ...................................................................... IceTV Pty Limited v. Nine Network Australia Pty Limited, [2009] HCA 14 (H.C.A.) .............................................................. 151 4. Fixation .............................................................................................. 152 128 143 Canadian Admiral Corp. Ltd. v. Rediffusion Inc., [1954] Ex. C.R. 382 (Ex. Ct.) ........................................................................................ Gould Estate v. Stoddart Publishing Co. (1998), 39 O.R. (3d) 545 (Ont. C.A.) .......................................................................................... 156 5. Publication ......................................................................................... 158 Infabrics Ltd. v. Jaytex Ltd., [1982] A.C. 1 (H.L.) ............................. 158 6. Scope of Protection............................................................................ 163 (a) Idea/Expression Dichotomy ....................................................... 163 i. Distinguishing Idea from Expression .................................... 153 164 Nichols v. Universal Pictures Corporation, 45 F.2d 119 (2d Circ., 1930) ............................................................................ Designers Guild Ltd. v. Russell Williams (Textiles) Ltd., [2000] 1 W.L.R. 2416 (U.K. H.L.) ........................................ 169 ii. Procedures, Processes, Systems and Methods of Operation............................................................................... 171 164 Baker v. Selden (1879), 101 U.S. 99 (U.S.Ohio) .................. Moreau v. St. Vincent, [1950] Ex. C.R. 198 (Ex. Ct.) ........... Cuisenaire v. South West Imports Ltd., [1969] S.C.R. 208 ... The Bulman Group Ltd. v. Alpha One-Write Systems Ltd. B.C. Ltd. (1982), 16 B.L.R. 16 (F.C.) ................................... 171 176 180 (b) Merger ......................................................................................... 186 i. U.S. Merger Doctrine ............................................................ Morrissey v. Procter & Gamble Company, 379 F.2d 675 (1st Cir., 1967) ....................................................................... Herbert Rosenthal Jewelry Corp. v. Kalpakian, 446 F.2d 738 (9th Cir., 1971) ............................................................... 183 186 186 188 ii. Merger in Canada ................................................................. 192 Kilvington Bros. Ltd. v. Goldberg (1957), 16 Fox Pat. C. 164 (Sup. Ct.) ........................................................................ 192 viii COPYRIGHT CASES AND COMMENTARY Les Promotions Antiques v. Hardcraft Industries (1987), 13 C.I.P.R. 194 (F.C.) ................................................................. Apple Computer Inc. v. Mackintosh Computers Ltd. (1986), 28 D.L.R. (4th) 178 (F.C.T.D.), affirmed 18 C.P.R. (3d) 129 (Fed. C.A.), affirmed 30 C.P.R. (3d) 257 (S.C.C.) .................................................................................. Apple Computer Inc. v. Mackintosh Computers Ltd. (1990), 71 D.L.R. (4th) 95 (S.C.C.) ...................................... Delrina Corp. v. Triolet Systems Inc. (2002), 17 C.P.R. (4th) 289 (Ont. C.A.) ............................................................. (c) Stock Devices .............................................................................. i. 194 195 200 201 202 U.S. Scenes a faire Doctrine.................................................. 202 Cain v. Universal Pictures Co., 47 F. Supp. 1013 (S.D. Cal., 1942)...................................................................................... 202 ii. Stock Devices in Anglo-Canadian Law ................................. 203 Collins v. Rosenthal (1974), 14 C.P.R. (2d) 143 (Fed. T.D.)....................................................................................... Hutton v. Canadian Broadcasting Corp. (1989), 41 C.P.R. (3d) 45 (Alta. C.A.) ............................................................... (d) News and History ....................................................................... International News Service v. Associated Press, 248 U.S. 215, 39 S. Ct. 68 (1918) ....................................................................... Deeks v. Wells, [1931] O.R. 818 (Ont. H.C.) ............................... Nash v. CBS, INC., et al............................................................... Baigent v. Random House Group Ltd., [2007] EWCA Civ 247 (Eng. C.A.) ................................................................................... Chapter 3 204 205 213 214 219 221 227 Subject Matter 1. Works and Related Subject Matter ................................................. 237 Cuisenaire v. South West Imports Ltd. (1967), [1968] 1 Ex. C.R. 493, affirmed (1968), 57 C.P.R. 76 (S.C.C.) ....................................... 238 2. Literary Works .................................................................................. 242 Hollinrake v. Truswell, [1894] 3 Ch. 420 (C.A.) ................................ Exxon Corp. v. Exxon Insurance Consultants International Ltd., [1981] 3 All E.R. 241 .......................................................................... The Bulman Group Ltd. v. Alpha One — Write Systems B.C. Ltd. (1980), 54 C.P.R. (2d) 171, reversed (1981), 54 C.P.R. (2d) 179 (Fed. C.A.) .......................................................................................... 242 245 251 TABLE OF CONTENTS ix 3. Artistic Works.................................................................................... 252 (a) What are Artistic Works? .......................................................... 252 Kenrick & Company v. Lawrence & Company (1890), L.R. 25 Q.B.D. 99 ..................................................................................... DRG Inc. v. Datafile Ltd., [1988] 2 F.C. 243 ............................... Lucasfilm Ltd v. Ainsworth, [2011] UKSC 39 (U.K. S.C.) ......... 253 256 262 (b) Works of Artistic Craftsmanship .............................................. 275 Cuisenaire v. South West Imports Ltd., [1968] 1 Ex. C.R. 493, 54 C.P.R. 1 (Can. Ex. Ct.) ............................................................ George Hensher Ltd v Restawile Upholstery (Lancs) Ltd., [1976] AC 64 ................................................................................ 278 (c) Architectural Works................................................................... 285 Hay & Hay v. Sloan (1957), 27 C.P.R. 132 .................................. Chancellor Management Inc. v. Oasis Homes Ltd. (2002), 19 C.P.R. (4th) 480 ............................................................................ 285 289 (d) Industrial Design ........................................................................ 293 Pyrrha Design Inc. v. 623735 Saskatchewan Ltd., 2004 CarswellNat 5920, [2004] F.C.J. No. 2084 (F.C.A.) .................... 294 4. Dramatic Works ................................................................................ 297 Kantel v. Grant, [1933] Ex. C.R. 84 .................................................... Hutton v. Canadian Broadcasting Corp. (1989), 27 C.I.P.R. 12 (Alta. Q.B.), affirmed (1992), 41 C.P.R. (3d) 45 (Alta. C.A.)....................... Green v. Broadcasting Corp. of New Zealand, [1989] R.P.C. 469...... FWS Joint Sports Claimants v. Canada Copyright Board, 36 C.P.R. (3d) 483 (Fed. C.A.), leave to appeal to S.C.C. refused (1992), 88 D.L.R. (4th) vi (note) (S.C.C.) ............................................................ 297 5. Musical Works ................................................................................... David Vaver, “Need Intellectual Property be Everywhere? Against Ubiquity and Uniformity” (2002) 25 Dal. L.J. 21 .............................. Gondos v. Hardy (1982), 64 C.P.R. (2d) 145 (Ont. H.C.) ................... EMI Songs Australia Pty Ltd v. Larrikin Music Publishing Pty Ltd., [2011] FCAFC 47 ............................................................................... Newton v. Diamond 388 F.3d 1189..................................................... 276 300 302 305 306 306 309 315 329 x COPYRIGHT CASES AND COMMENTARY 6. Sound Recordings, Broadcast Signals and Other Neighbouring Rights.................................................................................................. International Bureau of WIPO, “Basic Notions of Copyright and Related Rights” ................................................................................... Sound v. Motion Picture Theatre Associations of Canada, Re, 2012 SCC 38 (S.C.C.) .................................................................................. Reference re Broadcasting Act, S.C. 1991 (Canada), 2012 SCC 68 (S.C.C.) (pre-emption) ........................................................................ 337 337 339 345 7. Computer Programs and Video Games .......................................... 359 (a) Computer Programs................................................................... 359 Apple Computer Inc. v. Mackintosh Computers Ltd., [1987] 1 F.C. 173 (Fed. T.D.), varied (1987), 44 D.L.R. (4th) 74 (Fed. C.A.) per MacGuigan J. (C.A.), affirmed [1990] 2 S.C.R. .......... Apple Computer Inc. v. Mackintosh Computers Ltd., [1988] 1 F.C. 673 (Fed. C.A.) ..................................................................... Apple Computer, Inc. v. Mackintosh Computers Ltd., [1990] 2 S.C.R. 209 .................................................................................... Computer Associates Intern., Inc. v. Altai, Inc., 982 F.2d 693 (2d Cir., 1992) .............................................................................. 366 (b) Computer Screen Displays and Video Games ......................... 395 Harmony Consulting Ltd. v. G.A. Foss Transport Ltd., 2012 FCA 226 (F.C.A.) ......................................................................... Lotus Development Corp. v. Borland International Inc., 49 F.3d 807 (1st Cir. 1995)........................................................................ Navitaire Inc. v. Easy Jet Airline Co. Ltd., [2004] EWHC 1725 .............................................................................................. Nintendo Co. Ltd. v. Golden China TV-Game Centre (1993), 28 I.P.R. 313 (Sup. Ct. S. Africa) ................................................. Nova Productions Ltd v. Mazooma Games Ltd, [2007] EWCA Civ 219 (CA (Civ Div), 2007)...................................................... Chapter 4 359 372 373 395 398 404 407 418 Authorship 1. Authorship ......................................................................................... Ateliers Tango Argentin Inc. v. Festival d’Espagne d’Amerique Latine Inc. (1997), 84 C.P.R. (3d) 56 .................................................. John Maryon International Ltd. v. New Brunswick Telephone Co. Ltd. (1982), 24 C.C.L.T. 146 (N.B. C.A.) ........................................... Hager v. ECW Press Ltd., [1999] 2 F.C. 287, 85 C.P.R. (3d) 289 (Fed. T.D.) ........................................................................................... 437 437 440 447 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2. Joint Authorship ................................................................................ Neudorf v. Nettwerk Productions Ltd. (1999), 3 C.P.R. (4th) 129 (B.C. S.C.) ........................................................................................... Neugebauer v. Labieniec, 2009 FC 666 (F.C.), reversed 2010 CarswellNat 3299 (F.C.A.).................................................................. Aalmuhammed v. Lee, 202 F. 3d 1227 (9th Cir. 2000) ....................... 3. Authorship in Computer Aided/Computer Generated Works ..... Express Newspapers Plc v. Liverpool Daily Post & Echo Plc, [1985] 3 All E.R. 680 (Ch. D.) ....................................................................... Payen Components South Africa Ltd. v. Bovic Gaskets Co. (1995), 33 I.P.R. 406 (S.Africa C.A.) .............................................................. Telstra Corporation Limited v. Phone Directories Company Pty Ltd., [2010] FCAFC 149 ............................................................................. Chapter 5 454 455 471 481 489 490 493 499 Moral Rights Theberge v. Galerie d’art due Petit Champlain, 2002 SCC 34 ........... Morans and Co. v. LeSueur (1911), 45 S.C.R. 95............................... Snow v. The Eaton Centre (1982), 70 C.P.R. (2d) 105 (Ont. H.C.) .... Prise de Parole Inc. v. Gvérin, éditeur Ltée (1995), 66 C.P.R. (3d) 257 (F.C.T.D.) ..................................................................................... Nintendo of America Inc. v. Camerica Corp. (1991), 34 C.P.R. (3d) 193, (Fed. T.D.), affirmed (1991), 36 C.P.R. (3d) 352 (Fed. C.A.) ..... Chapter 6 xi 508 517 519 520 522 Ownership, Assignments and Licenses 1. Works Made in the Course of Employment and by Contractors ........................................................................................ University of London Press Ltd. v. University Tutorial Press Ltd., [1916] 2 Ch. 601 (Ch. D.) ................................................................... Beloff v. Pressdram Ltd. [1973] 1 All E.R. 241 (Ch. D.) .................... 671122 Ontario Ltd. v. Sagaz Industries Canada Inc., [2001] 2 S.C.R. 983 (S.C.C.) ............................................................................. Hannis v. Teevan, (1998), 81 C.P.R. (3d) 496 (Ont. C.A.), additional reasons at (1998), 81 C.P.R. (3d) 496 at 514 (Ont. C.A.) ................... 529 530 533 543 547 2. Crown Copyright .............................................................................. 550 R. v. James Lorimer & Co. (1983), 77 C.P.R. (2d) 262 (Fed. C.A.) ... David Vaver, “Copyright & The State in Canada and the U.S.” 10 I.P.J. 187 (1996) .................................................................................. Reprographic Reproduction 2005-2014, Re, 2013 FCA 91 (F.C.A.)................................................................................................ 551 557 563 xii COPYRIGHT CASES AND COMMENTARY 3. Copyright Assignments ..................................................................... Downing v. General Synod Church of England in Canada, [1943] 3 D.L.R. 553 (C.A.) ............................................................................... Lakeview Computers plc v. Steadman, [1999] E.W.J. No. 6192 (Eng. C.A.) .......................................................................................... Fisher v. Brooker, [2009] UKHL 41 (H.L.) ........................................ 574 575 581 585 4. Licenses and Implied Licenses ......................................................... 591 Ray v. Classic FM Plc [1998] EWHC Patents 333 ............................. Robertson v. Thomson Corp., [2006] 2 S.C.R. 363 ............................ Acohs Pty Ltd. v. Ucorp Pty Ltd. [2012] FCAFC 16 (F.C.A.) ........... Kraft Canada Inc. v. Euro Excellence Inc., 2007 SCC 37 (S.C.C.) .... 592 604 608 624 5. Registration........................................................................................ 635 Circle Film Enterprises v. Canadian Broadcasting Corp., [1959] S.C.R. 602 ........................................................................................... Drolet c. Stiftung Gralsbotchaft, 2009 FC 17 (F.C.) ........................... Kelley Estate v. Roy, 2002 CarswellNat 2421, [2002] F.C.J. No. 1258 (Fed. T.D.) .................................................................................. Chapter 7 636 639 640 Exclusive Rights and Infringement of Copyright 1. Introducing Infringement................................................................. 651 (a) Structure of Rights in Section 3(1)............................................ 651 Entertainment Software Assn. v. SOCAN, 2012 SCC 34 (S.C.C.)......................................................................................... 651 (b) Copyright is a Negative Right ................................................... 652 JT International SA v. Commonwealth, [2012] HCA 43 (H.C.A.) ........................................................................................ 652 (c) Territoriality And Copyright..................................................... 653 SOCAN v. Canadian Assn. of Internet Providers, 2004 SCC 45 (S.C.C.) at p. 628 .......................................................................... Public Performance of Musical Works, Re, 2010 FCA 348 (F.C.A.), leave to appeal refused 2011 CarswellNat 4155 (S.C.C.)......................................................................................... Lucasfilm Ltd v. Ainsworth, [2011] UKSC 39 (U.K. SC 2011) .. 664 670 (d) Onus of Proof .............................................................................. 689 Harmony Consulting Ltd. v. G.A. Foss Transport Ltd., 2012 FCA 226 (F.C.A.) ......................................................................... 689 653 TABLE OF CONTENTS xiii 2. Reproductions.................................................................................... 691 (a) What is a Reproduction? ........................................................... 691 Théberge v. Galerie d’Art du Petit Champlain inc., 2002 SCC 34 .................................................................................................. Francis Day & Hunter Ltd. v. Bron (Trading as Delmar Publishing Co.), [1963] 2 W.L.R. 868 (C.A.) .............................. The Cartoon Network LP v. CSC Holdings, Inc., 536 F.3d. 121 (2nd Cir. August 4, 2008) ............................................................. (b) Reproduction of Collective Works and Compilations............. 692 708 718 723 Allen v. Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd., (1997), 78 C.P.R. (3d) 115 (Ont. Div. Ct.) ....................................................................... Robertson v. Thomson Corp., [2006] 2 S.C.R. 363 ..................... Grisbrook v. MGN Ltd., [2010] EWCA Civ 1399 (CA (Civ Div), 2010) ................................................................................... 743 (c) Translations................................................................................. 748 Keatley Surveying Ltd. v. Teranet Inc., 2012 ONSC 7120 (Ont. S.C.J.), additional reasons 2013 CarswellOnt 2587 (Ont. S.C.J.) 748 (d) Establishing Infringement ......................................................... 750 724 729 Francis Day & Hunter Ltd. and Another v. Bron and Another, [1963] 2 W.L.R. 868 (C.A.) ......................................................... IBCOS Computers Ltd. v. Barclay’s Mercantile Highland Finance Ltd., [1994] F.S.R. 275 (Ch. D.) ..................................... Designers Guild Ltd. v. Russell Williams (Textiles) Ltd., [2000] 1 W.L.R. 2416 (U.K. H.L.)........................................................... JHP Ltd. v. BBC Worldwide Ltd., [2008] F.S.R. 29 at 726 (Ch.) ............................................................................................. 765 (e) What is a Substantial Part? ....................................................... 766 Hawkes & Son (London) Ltd. v. Paramount Film Service Ltd., [1934] Ch. 593 (C.A.) .................................................................. Ladbroke (Football) Ltd. v. William Hill (Football) Ltd. [1964] 1 W.L.R. 273 (H.L.) ..................................................................... U & R Tax Services Ltd. v. H. & R. Block Canada Inc. (1995), 62 C.P.R. (3d) 257 (Fed. T.D.) ..................................................... Prism Hospital Software Inc. v. Hospital Medical Records Institute (1994), 97 B.C.L.R. (2d) 201 (B.C. S.C.) ...................... CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada, 212 D.L.R. (4th) 385 (Fed. C.A.) ........................................................ France Animation, s.a. c. Robinson, 2011 QCCA 1361 ............... 752 762 764 768 772 773 777 778 783 xiv COPYRIGHT CASES AND COMMENTARY (f) Non-literal Copying .................................................................... King Features Syndicate (Inc.) v. Kleemann (O. & M.) Ltd., [1941] 2 A.C. 417 (H.L.) .............................................................. Preston v. 20th Century Fox Canada Ltd. (1990), 38 F.T.R. 183 (Fed. T.D.), affirmed (1994), 53 C.P.R. (3d) 407 (Fed. C.A.) ...... Baigent v. The Random House Group Ltd., [2006] EWHC 719 (Ch.) ............................................................................................. Delrina Corp. v. Triolet Systems Inc. (2002), 17 C.P.R. (4th) 289 (Ont. C.A.)............................................................................. 797 797 800 806 819 3. Perform in Public .............................................................................. 828 (a) What is a Performance? ............................................................ 828 Canadian Cable Television Association v. Canada (Copyright Board) (1993), 46 C.P.R. 3(d) 359 (Fed. C.A.) ............................ 829 (b) What is a “Public”? .................................................................... 833 Canadian Admiral Corp. Ltd. v. Rediffusion Inc., [1954] 14 Fox Pat. C. 114 (Can. Ex. Ct.) ............................................................. Canadian Cable Television Assn. v. Canada (Copyright Board) (1993), 46 C.P.R. (3d) 359 (Fed. C.A.) ........................................ 843 4. Communicate Works to the Public by Telecommunication .......... 852 (a) What is a “Communication”? ................................................... 852 Composers, Authors & Publishers Assn. of Can. Ltd. v. CTV Television Network Ltd. (1966), 33 Fox Pat. C. 69 (Ex. Ct.), affirmed (1968), 68 D.L.R. (2d) 98 (S.C.C.)................................ SOCAN v. Canadian Assn. of Internet Providers, 2004 SCC 45 (S.C.C.)......................................................................................... Entertainment Software Assn. v. SOCAN, 2012 SCC 34 (S.C.C.)......................................................................................... (b) What is “To the Public”? ........................................................... CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada 2004 SCC 13 ......................................................................................... Rogers Communications Inc. v. SOCAN, 2012 SCC 35 (S.C.C.)......................................................................................... WNET, Thirteen v. Aereo, Inc., 2013 WL 1285591 (2d Cir., 2013) ............................................................................................ 834 853 856 860 887 888 890 911 (c) Making Available Right ............................................................. 939 Capitol Records Inc. v. Thomas (D Minn. Sept 24, 2008), 2008 WL 5423133 (D. Minn.)............................................................... 940 TABLE OF CONTENTS (d) Who is Responsible for Acts of Infringement .......................... SOCAN v. Canadian Association of Internet Providers, 2004 SCC 45 ......................................................................................... RecordTV Pte Ltd v. MediaCorp TV Singapore Pte Ltd., [2010] SGCA 43 ...................................................................................... National Rugby League Investments Pty Ltd v. Singtel Optus Pty Ltd., [2012] FCAFC 59 (F.C.A.) ........................................... xv 943 943 952 978 5. Authorizing Infringement ................................................................ 1001 CBS Songs Ltd. v. Amstrad Consumer Electronics TLC, [1988] A.C. 1013 (H.L.) ................................................................................. 1002 De Tervagne v. Beloeil (1993), 50 C.P.R. (3d) 419 (F.C.T.D.) ........... 1006 CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada [2002] 4 F.C. 213, 18 C.P.R. (4th) 161 (Fed. C.A.), reversed 2004 CarswellNat 446 (S.C.C.) ........................................................................................ 1016 CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada, 2004 SCC 13 ......................................................................................................... 1019 6. Joint Liability for Copyright Infringement .................................... 1023 CBS Songs Ltd v. Amstrad Plc, [1988] 2 All ER 484 at 495 (H.L.) ... 1023 MGM v. Grokster, Ltd., 125 U.S. S.Ct. 2764 ..................................... 1026 7. Enablement and Liability for Infringement in the Internet Context ............................................................................................... 1052 SOCAN v. Canadian Association of Internet Providers, 2004 SCC 45 ......................................................................................................... 1052 Cooper v. Universal Music Australia Pty Ltd., [2006] 156 FCR 380 ....................................................................................................... 1054 Roadshow Films Pty Ltd v. iiNet Ltd., [2012] HCA 16 (H.C.A.) ...... 1063 8. Secondary Infringement ................................................................... 1096 (a) Selling or Distributing Copies ................................................... 1096 CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada, 2004 SCC 13 (S.C.C.) ........................................................................... 1097 (b) Importing .................................................................................... 1098 Kraft Canada Inc. v. Euro Excellence Inc., 2007 SCC 37 (S.C.C.)......................................................................................... 1099 xvi COPYRIGHT CASES AND COMMENTARY Chapter 8 Defences to Infringement 1. Fair Dealing and Public Interest ...................................................... 1111 Hubbard v. Vosper (1971), [1972] 1 All E.R. 1023, [1972] 2 Q.B. 84, [1972] 2 W.L.R. 389 (Eng. C.A.) .................................................. Beloff v. Pressdram Ltd., [1973] F.S.R. 33 (Ch. D.) ........................... R. v. James Lorimer & Co. Ltd., [1984] 1 F.C. 1065 (Fed. C.A.)....... Allen v. Toronto Star Newspapers Ltd. (1997), 36 O.R. 201 .............. CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada (1999), 2 C.P.R. (4th) 129 (Fed. T.D.), additional reasons 2000 CarswellNat 168 (Fed. T.D.), reversed 2002 CarswellNat 1000 (Fed. C.A.), reversed 2004 CarswellNat 446 (S.C.C.) ............................................ CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada (2002), 212 D.L.R. (4th) 385 (Fed. C.A.), reversed 2004 CarswellNat 446 (S.C.C.) ............................................................................................... CCH Canadian Ltd. v. Law Society of Upper Canada, 2004 SCC 13 ......................................................................................................... SOCAN v. Bell Canada, 2012 SCC 36 (S.C.C.) ................................. Alberta (Minister of Education) v. Canadian Copyright Licensing Agency, 2012 SCC 37 (S.C.C.) ........................................................... 1160 2. Fair Use .............................................................................................. 1172 Campbell v. Acuff-Rose Music, Inc., 510 U.S. 569 (1994) ................ Perfect 10 v. Google, Inc., 487 F.3d 701 (9th Cir. 2007) .................... 1172 1189 3. Private Copying ................................................................................. 1199 Canadian Private Copying Collective v. Canadian Storage Media Alliance (2004), 36 C.P.R. 289 (C.A.) ................................................ 1199 4. New Defences in Copyright Modernization Act ............................. 1206 1112 1116 1125 1127 1131 1133 1143 1152 (a) Exceptions for Network Service Providers and Search Engines ........................................................................................ 1206 (b) New Exceptions for End-Users.................................................. 1208 i. Format Shift Exception.......................................................... 1209 ii. Time Shifting Exception ......................................................... 1209 Sony Corp. of America v. Universal City Studios, Inc., 464 U.S. 417 (1984) ..................................................................... 1211 iii. User Generated Content Exception....................................... 1215 Stephanie LENZ, Plaintiff v. UNIVERSAL MUSIC CORP., Universal Music Publishing, Inc., and Universal Music Publishing Group, Defendants. ............................................. 1217 TABLE OF CONTENTS xvii iv. New Fair Dealing Exceptions ............................................... 1221 Michelin & Cie v. CAW-Canada (1996), 71 C.P.R. (3d) 348 (Fed. T.D.) ............................................................................ 1222 Productions Avanti Ciné-Vidéo Inc. c. Favreau (1999), 1 C.P.R. (4th) 129 (Que. C.A.), reversing (1997), 79 C.P.R. (3d) 385 (Que. S.C.) ............................................................. 1230 Canwest v. Horizon 2008 BCSC 1609 [Aff’d 2009 BCSC 391]........................................................................................ 1234 v. Exceptions for Interoperability, Computer and Security Assessment, and Technological Processes ............................ 1236 Public Relations Consultants Association Ltd. v. Newspaper Licensing Agency Ltd. [2013] UKSC 18 (U.K. S.C.) ........... 1238 Chapter 9 Remedies 1. Damages and Accounting of Profits................................................. 1247 Mansell v. Star Printing & Publishing Co. of Toronto, [1937] A.C. 872 (P.C.)............................................................................................. 1248 R. v. James Lorimer and Co. Ltd., [1984] 1 F.C. 1065 (Fed. C.A.) .... 1250 Pro Arts Inc. v. Campus Crafts Holdings Ltd. (1980), 28 O.R. (2d) 422 (Ont. H.C.) ................................................................................... 1254 Prism Hospital Software Inc. v. Hospital Medical Records Institute, [1994] 10 W.W.R. 305 (B.C. S.C.) ...................................................... 1262 2. Statutory Damages ............................................................................ 1268 Microsoft Corp. v. 9038-3746 Québec Inc. (2007), 57 C.P.R. (4th) 204 (F.C.T.D.) ..................................................................................... 1268 3. Declaratory Relief ............................................................................. 1272 Research in Motion v. Atari (2007) 61 C.P.R. (4th) 193 (Ont. S.C.J.) .................................................................................................. 1272 4. Permanent Injunction ....................................................................... 1276 R. v. James Lorimer and Co. Ltd., [1984] 1 F.C. 1065 (Fed. C.A.) .... 1276 Navitaire Inc. v. Easy Jet Airline Co. Ltd. (No. 2), [2006] R.P.C. 4 (Ch. D) ................................................................................................ 1277 Prism Hospital Software Inc. v. Hospital Medical Records Institute, [1994] 10 W.W.R. 305 (B.C. S.C.) ...................................................... 1280 5. Interlocutory Injunctive Relief ........................................................ 1283 Universal Studios Inc. v. Zellers Inc. (1983), 73 C.P.R. (2d) 1 (Fed. T.D.) .................................................................................................... 1283 xviii COPYRIGHT CASES AND COMMENTARY 6. Anton Pillar Orders .......................................................................... 1289 Celanese Canada Inc. v. Murray Demolition Corp., 2006 SCC 36..... 1289 Vinod Chopra Films Private Ltd. v. John Doe, 2010 FC 387 (F.C.) ... 1300 Sharman License Holdings Pty. Ltd. v. Universal Music (Australia) Pty. Ltd., [2004] F.C.A. 183 ................................................................ 1317 7. Identifying Infringers ....................................................................... 1322 BMG Canada Inc. v. John Doe, 2005 FCA 193 .................................. 1322 Chapter 10 Technological Protection Measures 1. Introduction and Background ......................................................... 1335 2. New Protections for TPMs and RMI ............................................... 1336 What the Copyright Modernization Act Says About Digital Locks Fact Sheet ............................................................................................ 1336 3. TPMs and User Rights ...................................................................... 1340 Universal City Studios, Inc. v. Corley, 273 F.3d 429 (2d Cir., 2001) U.S. Court of Appeals Second Circuit, November 28, 2001 .... Appendix 1342 Copyright Act....................................................................... 1357
