University of Pennsylvania
ScholarlyCommons
History Digital Projects
1-1-2014
Interactive Map of Contraband Camps
Abigail Cooper
University of Pennsylvania
This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. http://repository.upenn.edu/hist_digital/1
For more information, please contact repository@pobox.upenn.edu.
Department of History
Interactive Map of Contraband Camps
Description
Map for "Lord, Until I Reach My Home": Inside the Refugee Camps of the American Civil War.
Keywords
emancipation, civil war
Disciplines
African American Studies | Military History | United States History
This other is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/hist_digital/1
Tags
Camp Nam Camp Nam Location Superinten Population Lat Long Camp Desc Additional
abandoned Hobb’s Hobb’s Alabama, DJ.W. Harris, August 186 34.601563,Established Union offic
contract labHuntsville, Huntsville, Alabama, HChaplain GeSeptember 34.7303688In the summ“By mid
recruitmen Stevenson Stevenson Alabama, S F.W. Lister 1864: Steve34.874102,Union arriv “Jan. 12
birth, readi Bethphage, Bethphage, Arkansas John Eaton unknown 36.691754, In her narra"I had a sist
woodyard Mouth of WMouth of WArkansas John Eaton
200 33.95150, -Eaton write“There
woodyards DuVall's BluDuVall's BluArkansas, DLt. W. Davis1500-2000 34.785017, DuVall’s“At DuV
Confederat Fort Smith, Fort Smith, Arkansas, F Samuel Tho1860: 681 b35.387619, In October For image o
impressme Helena, ArkHelena, ArkArkansas, HCapt. A.L. T January 18634.567645,Union ente For details
woodyards Helena Wo Helena Wo Arkansas, HJohn Eaton January 18634.567645,Chopping w“In the v
orphan homOrphan Ho Orphan Ho Arkansas, HMajor Sarg
60 34.567645,Orphan Ho “Orphan
dissuading The Home The Home Arkansas, HJohn Eaton “thousa34.5291253The houses "The camp
plantationsArkansas P Arkansas Pl Arkansas, HJohn Eaton 1870: 10,5034.529125, Some black For Eaton R
Camp DelivCamp DelivArkansas, HChaplain Fi
480 34.544459,Levi Coffin describes a
Camp Woo Camp Woo Arkansas, HChaplain Fi
490 34.515044,Levi Coffin describes a
Camp Colo Camp ColonArkansas, HChaplain Fi
250 34.519853,Levi Coffin describes a
Dinktown, sDinktown Dinktown Arkansas, inN/A
unknown (136.25867,-9EmancipateNote: Dinkt
log cabins, BrownsvilleBrownsvilleArkansas, L John Eaton unknown 34.746481, Brownsville“In the t
white refugLittle Rock, Little Rock, Arkansas, L Maj. W.G. S1864: ~150 34.7464809Eaton write“The
go
cabins, sha Lick Skillet Lick Skillet Arkansas, L John Eaton 1864: ~150 34.743803, John Eaton “In the t
“about Magnolia, AMagnolia, AArkansas, Mn/a
1860: 3,60433.276016, Former slavATTACH
Liz
health, pro The Home The Home Arkansas, P Capt. Malo ~800
34.216667, “Home “When
island, woo Island 63 Island 63 Arkansas, v John Eaton 300-400, m34.292679,During the “Colony
woodyard Old Island Old Island Arkansas, v John Eaton unknown (134.529125, There is a w“In the v
Florida
Cedar Keys Cedar Keys Florida, CedN/A
50 29.140392,Fifty contra“Arrived
schools
Fernandina Fernandina Florida, FerQuarterma
800 30.671581,Refugee ca See Deposi
white refugKey West Key West Florida, KeyRufus Saxto1860: 611 t 24.555789,Large numbSee attache
deserters a Levy Count Levy Count Florida, LevN/A
unknown 29.188135,Collection o“Many d
school
St. AugustinSt. AugustinFlorida, St. None
1860: 1,08529.893639,A refugee camp is repo
revival, Afr Fort Picken Fort Picken Florida, TowEnoch K. M unspecified30.328194,In March 1862, fugitive
migration, Atlanta, Ge Atlanta, Ge Georgia, At n/a
1860: 1,93933.748995, Thousands “SOLD A
island, imp Fort Pulask Fort Pulask Georgia, ChGen. Hunte1860: 15,5332.027222, Union arrived in Fort P
racial tensioColumbus, Columbus, Georgia, Conone
1860: 7,61832.460976, There was a“SOLD
A
self-sufficie Sapelo IslanSapelo IslanGeorgia, Sa none
400 31.511820, A colony of about 400
schoolhous Savannah, GSavannah, GGeorgia, San/a
1864: 1,35432.109333,Despite Em *Shermanâ
island, cropSt. Simonâ€St. Simonâ€Georgia, Se Rufus Saxto
600 31.163166,Refugee se For Susie K
labor, diseaVache IslanVache IslanHaiti, VacheWilliam Bra500-700 18.074715, Early 1864, For intervie
white refugCairo, IllinoCairo, IllinoIllinois, CairJ.B. Rogers; In governm 37.0053293In 1863, co "By 1865 R
dialect, wh Mound CityMound CityIllinois, Mo Laura Havil 1860: 39 (t 37.085721,A contraband camp
wa
colonizatio Camp Hunt Camp Hunt Kansas, Humboldt
“vast nu37.812089, Humboldt i For article o
Susan B. AnLeavenwor Leavenwor Kansas, LeaN/A
Fall 1862: 239.311888,A place wh “In this
ambiguous Columbus, Columbus, Kentucky, CJoseph Cad December 36.759779, In late 1862"There are
slave trade Henderson Henderson Kentucky, Henderson a1860: 9,43537.841512, Because of Kentuckyâ€
slave trade Hopkinsvill HopkinsvilleKentucky, Hopkinsville 1860: 10,0036.889506, Because of Kentuckyâ€
slave trade Louisville, KLouisville, KKentucky, LJohn Palme1860: 12,3138.252665, De facto slaFor descrip
recruitmen Camp NelsoCamp NelsoKentucky, nThomas Bu 13,322 (see37.786564, Naturally foFor Peter B
island, womPaw Paw Is Paw Paw Is Louisiana John Eaton 3000 (1500 32.435, -90Camps on i “In 1862
infirm farm DonaldsonvDonaldsonvLouisiana George HanMarch 186330.104296,Most of the contraban
woodyard, Omega Lan Omega Lan Louisiana (7John Eaton 180 at aban32.49681, -ContrabandOn Louisian
abandoned The RaleighThe RaleighLouisiana, 1none
150 32.782945,One of the many aband
autonomy, Bell PlantatBell PlantatLouisiana, 3Charles Hay
90 32.764759,One of the many aband
swamp, maSwamp 4 mSwamp 4 mLouisiana, 4N/A
30 (20 men 30.114590, This is no U ATTACH Oc
infirm farm The Savage The Savage Louisiana, aDr. H.H. LittMarch 186432.790738,One of the many aband
jubilee, impBaton RougBaton RougLouisiana, BGeorge HanDecember 30.459106,In
DecembeFrom journ
orphan homByrne PlantByrne PlantLouisiana, BN/A
unknown 30.081795,The place where 14-ye
lying to get Magnolia P Magnolia P Louisiana, Dunknown May 1865: 31.549594, Magnolia was one of th
home farm Home FarmHome FarmLouisiana, DLt. Ben F. C April 1865: 32.5438609Cluster of hOn Louisian
stealing liveThe Harrisâ The Harrisâ Louisiana, hJohn Dunha
200 32.649782,One of the many aband
black religioLake ProvidLake ProvidLouisiana, LChaplain La Spring 186332.8042966ContrabandDiary of Cy
leased plan Richland Richland Louisiana, nMr. Hubbar
279 30.984257, One of the many aband
abandoned Miles Taylo Miles Taylo Louisiana, nG.W. GraveMay 1863: 30.066681, One of the many aband
leased plan Noland Ble Noland Ble Louisiana, nnone
180 32.506759, Some of the many aba
leased plan Mound & K Mound & K Louisiana, nR.V. Monta
117 32.683182, One of the many aband
leased plan Benjamin PBenjamin PLouisiana, nH.B. Tibbet 400 (across 32.681020, One of the many aband
leased plan Concord PlaConcord PlaLouisiana, nH.B. Tibbet 400 (across 32.687233, One of the many aband
leased plan Bodine PlacBodine PlacLouisiana, nH.B. Tibbet 400 (across 32.692073, One of the many aband
leased plan Benton Pla Benton PlacLouisiana, nH.B. Tibbet 400 (across 32.679214, One of the many aband
leased plan Adam’s Adam’s Louisiana, nMr. Read “a numb30.196202, In September 1863, 7 r
hospital, th Belle GroveBelle GroveLouisiana, nunknown
194 30.174918, Belle Groveattach phot
overcrowdi New OrleanNew OrleanLouisiana, NJ.W. Phelps September 29.951066, When the U“In Nov
sorrow, chuCarrollton Carrollton Louisiana, NGeorge H. HFebruary 1829.938275,At Carrollton, refugees
health, imp Goodrich LaGoodrich LaLouisiana, NLieut. MathJanuary 18632.804297, Goodrich LaFor descrip
chant, drea Camp Para Camp ParapLouisiana, nJ.W. Phelps 1862: 600; 29.964453,Many slave “1861: 3
displaceme Wilton PlanWilton PlanLouisiana, NR.V. Monta
100 32.844321, Wilton Plac “Wilton
abandoned Buckner, Al Buckner, Al Louisiana, NR.V. Monta 50 across a 32.880657, Some of the many aba
abandoned Old HickoryOld HickoryLouisiana, snone
54 sick
30.824480, Old HickoryAttach W.H
related to LMilliken's BMilliken's BLouisiana, t John Eaton
10,000 32.45995,-9Milliken’“Lieut. a
autonomy, The Hardin The Hardin Louisiana, t none
30 32.479194, An example"The Hardin
leased plan The “OuThe “OuLouisiana, t Henry JacksOctober 18 32.811010, The Outpost Plantation
school, mig Vidalia, LouVidalia, LouLouisiana, VLieut. Third 1860: 12,5631.568883,Sanitary Co For a descr woodyards Young's Po Young's Po Louisiana, wJohn Eaton 3000, of th 32.349948,Eaton repo On Louisian
concubinagWhite Cast White Cast Louisiana, WMr. Ricour 1860: 10,8630.166843, “White Castle”
wa
makeshift cPoint LookoPoint LookoMaryland, sGen. Henry Sept 1863: 38.050121, An informal contraban
hospital Parks CampParks CampMississippi John Eaton 1864: 250; 32.522052, Camp is est “In 1862
flooding Camp Dick Camp Dick Mississippi, John Eaton 2,000-3,00032.338391, Created when Island 10
camp brokeCamp abov Camp abov Mississippi, Eaton, John
500 32.3821, -9Camp is erected in May
abandoned Perkins’Perkins’Mississippi, none
unknown 31.858897,Union arrived at the es
family cam Sherman†Sherman†Mississippi, John Eaton 7,000 betw 32.435613,James Bryan reports th
Bolivar, MisBolivar, MisMississippi, N/A
March 186433.92513, -Union force“Our fo
family cam Corinth, MiCorinth, MiMississippi, 1863: Col. J 6,000; Apri 34.9342548The camp aFor Eaton In
home farm Davis Bend Davis Bend Mississippi, Capt. Norto1863-1865 35.0385148Davis Bend “Davis B
supply dep Holly SpringHolly SpringMississippi, Captain Hayapproximat34.7675967In Fall of 18Eaton comm
island, womIsland 102 Island 102 Mississippi, John Eaton 3000, 1500 32.523368,During the “Moreo
neo-slaveryMagnolia, MMagnolia, MMississippi, James H. M1860: 4,96131.145221, In 1865, a Fattach jame
railroad, sa Berglundto Berglundto Mississippi, N/A
unknown; ( 31.438037,Berglundto For Ann Dra
revenge, caNatchez, MNatchez, MMississippi, Lieut. Col. A5,000; 186 31.560444, Union ente For Laura H
plantation, Smead’ Smead’ Mississippi, J.A. Marsha
122 32.383019, There are 42 females a
women, plaSkipwith†Skipwith†Mississippi, n/a
January 18632.953337, Skipwith†“Efforts
freedmenâ Vicksburg, Vicksburg, Mississippi, JM Anderso1863: 8000 32.373583, The contrab“In 1862
Camp BirneCamp BirneMississippi, unkown unknown 32.352717, Housed a large Freedm
leaving and Blake's PlanBlake's PlanMississippi, John Eaton December 32.44361, Blake’s “…Sam
white refugPilot Knob Pilot Knob (Missouri, IrClinton B. F
220 37.621608,Pilot Knob w"Pilot Knob
slave trade New Madri New Madri Missouri, N Col. J. Ryan 1860: 1,79136.590033,Union arriv Note: Pron white refugSt. Louis, MSt. Louis, MMissouri, StSamuel W. 1860: 1,86538.650126, There were“The Su
hospital, sc Benton Bar Benton Bar Missouri, StSamuel W. January-Ma38.672073, The official “The Su
aid societie Camp EthioCamp EthioMissouri, StMaria R. M February 1838.632254, Camp Ethiopia was est
infirm farm Algiers, NewAlgiers, NewNew OrleanBureau of FFall 1865: 329.923101,There is an ATTACH L. C
fugitive col Raleigh, NCRaleigh, NCNorth Caro None
est. 8
35.772096, University o“We ha
no way to pBeaufort, NBeaufort, NNorth Caro Horace Jam1863: 1,50034.718217, Beaufort is Confederat
hotel, Unio Hatteras, N Hatteras, N North Caro Horace Jam1862: 1500 35.281501,Union troops arrive in
autonomy, Trent River Trent River North Caro Horace Jam1863-1865 35.078898, The refugee“Prior to
rape, distribNew Berne New Berne North Caro Vincent Co 1863: 7500 35.122155, There was a cluster of
Plymouth, Plymouth, North Caro Horace Jam1864: 860; 35.122155, Many slave Homer A. C
family, retuRoanoke Is Roanoke Is North Caro Horace JamMarch 186235.904068, Union arriv “A write
relocation, WashingtonWashingtonNorth Caro Horace JamMarch 186235.553178,The camp aNote: Wash
recruitmen Camp DelawCamp DelawOhio, CampN/A
unknown 40.284813, Military en For William
recruitmen Johnson’Johnson’Ohio, Johnsn/a
unknown 41.494435,Island cont For William
Cherokee, oFort GibsonFort GibsonOklahoma Tn/a
unknown 35.803614,Cherokee s Celia E. Nay
Tipton CamTipton CamSouth Caro Capt. E.W. Total at Sea Islands: NoMilitary encampment w
sea islands, Cane IslandCane IslandSouth Caro Henry Judd Total at Sea32.374742, Large part oFor Henry J
impressme Charleston Charleston South Caro Rufus Saxto 30,000 32.780211, Gen. Rufus “Genera
scripture, r Ladies IslanLadies IslanSouth Caro Rufus SaxtoJune 1862: 32.4435685
There are about 30 pla
sea islands, Barnwell Is Barnwell Is South Caro Henry Judd Total at Sea32.509183, Large part of black Sea
sea islands, Cat Island Cat Island South Caro Henry Judd Total at Sea32.934713, Large part oFor testimo
religious illeEdisto IslanEdisto IslanSouth Caro Rufus SaxtoFebruary 1832.487755,The Sea Island camps a
plantations Hilton HeadHilton HeadSouth Caro Barnard K. February 1832.216316, There are 1“Mitche
island, sea Port Royal Port Royal South Caro Rufus SaxtoJune 1862: 32.379084, 65 plantatio“Beside
island, churSt. Helena ISt. Helena ISouth Caro Saxton, RufJune 1862: 32.382426, 50 plantations on St. H relocation Camp ChelsCamp ChelsTennesee, John Eaton 1864: 1,60035.17437,-8Memphis, T"By 1866 Te
refusing to Fort DonelsFort DonelsTennesee, R.W. Barna Winter 186 36.560394,An unautho“The inc
hospital ContrabandContrabandTennesee, B. Cloak 1864: 420 36.161664,For refugeeJan 10, 186
New Africa New Africa New Africa,Tennesee, SJohn Eaton 5,000 in co 35.148688,There are f **Only Bob
first Contra Grand Junc Grand Junc Tennessee John Eaton Nov. 1862: 35.0489781This is the f For Grantâ€
hospital, ai MurfreesboMurfreesboTennessee Eaton, JohnWinter 186 35.846111, Camp was eThe Diary o
manna to mFort Pillow Fort Pillow Tennessee Maj. L.F. BoFall 1863: 335.663991,A contraba For accoun
island, self- Island No. 1Island No. 1Tennessee Samuel ThoWinter 186 36.462435,During the “Most o
board cabinBolivar, TenBolivar, TenTennessee, John Eaton March 186335.265592, The influx o“In June
supply dep Brentwood Brentwood Tennessee, John Eaton Total numb36.033116, A contraba “Eaton e
military inf Camp Cont Camp Cont Tennessee, J.E. MacGo start of the 35.060778, The camp housed both
jubilee, sha ChattanoogChattanoogTennessee, John Eaton 1860: 452; 35.022757,Union arriv “One of
contrabandLookout M Lookout M Tennessee, John Eaton January 18634.994285,Union capt From the D
self-sufficie Clarksville, Clarksville, Tennessee, Capt. W. Br Jan 1864: 3 36.529771, Clarksville, “Januar
Decherd, TeDecherd, TeTennessee, unspecified“thousa35.209553, After Secon“If cont
unsanitary Edgefield Edgefield Tennessee, John Eaton whole of N 36.174812, Overcrowd “Contra
hired out toGallatin, TeGallatin, TeTennessee, Capt. RalphSummer 1836.39144,-8A camp at Gallatin is es
abandoned Henderson Henderson Tennessee, James B. Ne1865: 700 (36.301569, R.W. Barna ATTACH im
hospital, re Jackson, TeJackson, TeTennessee, G.L. Fort Spring 186335.642789, Contrabands come into
recruitmen Knoxville, TKnoxville, TTennessee, John Eaton 1860: 2793 35.9606384RecruitmenFor details o
tents, hosp La Grange, La Grange, Tennessee, John Eaton March 186335.045475,In the fall of 1862, La G
population Memphis, TMemphis, TTennessee, Eaton, John1863: 2,50035.1495343Initially in MOn populat
family unitsCamp Holly Camp Holly Tennessee, Eaton, JohnSpring 186434.770243,Camp Holly For Levi Co
family cam Camp Fiske Camp Fiske Tennessee, Asa Severa 1863: 1400 35.121172,Camp Fiske “Of Cam
island, overPresident's President's Tennessee, Capt. Cole; Fall 1863: 135.163143,Camp on Pr“The fir
white refugThe MedicaThe MedicaTennessee, John Eaton unknown 36.167996, A medical c See Elvira J
unsanitary, Nashville, TNashville, TTennessee, John Eaton 1864: 500; 36.166667, The camp i “Contra
recruitmen Camp outsi Camp outsi Tennessee, John Eaton 7000 est.; ( 36.224409, The camp oInfo about
cabins, pickCamp near Camp near Tennessee, Joseph W. 300 (plus 9 35.194443, Walter Tott“Feb 26
orphan homOrphan’Orphan’Tennessee, John Eaton unknown; ( 35.163143,Eaton desc See Eaton R
women ma Pulaski
Pulaski
Tennessee, J.W. Harris, Winter 186 35.201025,A camp at Pulaski is est
rape, self-s Somerville, Somerville, Tennessee, John Eaton 21 (on aban35.252909,By 1864, th For letter e
family cam Camp Shilo Camp Shilo Tennessee, Eaton, John1863: 600; 35.1495343Families of “Contra
burned dowTunnel Hill Tunnel Hill Tennessee, J.W. Harris, Summer 1835.297635, The camp at Tunnel Hi
impressme Fort Pickeri Fort Pickeri Tennessee, Mother Bic December 35.124279,In 1862, MeATTACH ma
white refugNashville (aNashville (aTennessee, John Eaton 1865: 10,7436.166667, Nashville coFor details
abandoned De Graff PlaDe Graff PlaTennessee, N/A
21 35.329007, In August 1 For excerpt
holding on BrownsvilleBrownsvilleTexas, Brown/a
1860: 73 bl 25.917909,Before and For
Simon P
“away I Wharton, TWharton, TTexas, Wha?
1860: 2,73429.359436, Wharton is “ ’63
supply dep City Point, VCity Point, VVirginia (at Adelaide Sm1860: 48 fr 37.310106,In May 186 Note: The a
mass marri Sabletown Sabletown Virginia, a mGen. Isaac W
“500 ne 37.23149, -Dirty and u "Near the a
wedding, mCamp Ham Camp Ham Virginia, ac C.B. Wilder March 186237.014533, Camp Ham ATTACH PH
“slave pAlexandria Alexandria Virginia, AleAlbert GladNov 1862: 738.804836, Instead of c*Slave Pen:
ContrabandContrabandVirginia, AleAlbert GladAlexandria 38.807741, Two contra “Octobe
impressme Slave Pen, ASlave Pen, AVirginia, AleGladwin, Al“hundre38.809885, Before war See Julia W
unsanitary, Old School Old School Virginia, AleAlbert Glad150 (Alexan38.804836, The Old SchJulia Wilbur
swaying an Alexandria, Alexandria, Virginia, AleAlbert Glad 1862: 1230 38.813229,Government provides
infrastructuFreedmen'sFreedmen'sVirginia, Ar D.B. Nichol 1100; 1865 38.870567, Freedmenâ ATTACH JOS
makeshift cCamp SprinCamp SprinVirginia, Ar D.B. Nichol May 1863: 38.883216,One of manMay 18, 18
labor, quar Belle Plain Belle Plain Virginia, Belle Plain
unspecified38.360850, Located on the Potoma
supply dep Wilson’ Wilson’ Virginia, Ch Brig. Gen. E1860: 3,80337.307922, Union supp "There was
hospital, di Point of Ro Point of Ro Virginia, Ch Clara Barto Summer 1837.315223, Point of Rocks was the
reunion, poCraney Isla Craney Isla Virginia, Cr Orlando Br December 38.613172, Union army“One w
slave insurr Culpeper, VCulpeper, VVirginia, Culpeper
1860: 6,67538.488091, In October ATTACH new
black boy b Cumberlan Cumberlan Virginia, Cumberland Landing
37.560163, There is a union encam
new labor sEastern ShoEastern ShoVirginia, Ea Frank J. Wh1860: 12,7537.274053, Former slav“While W
“tents t Camp Ruck Camp Ruck Virginia, Fa Philip Fowl June 1863: 38.883951,One of many camps es
scurvy, orp Orphan Ho Orphan Ho Virginia, Fe Orlando Br
186 36.851604, Orphan hom“The M
jubilee, conFort MonroFort MonroVirginia, Fo C.B. Wilder October 18 37.002671, First contra “Of the
makeshift cGloucester Gloucester Virginia, GloJn. M. Gregestimate: 437.260665,Colony of f Mrs. Let Pa
home farm Poindexter Poindexter Virginia, GoOrlando Br est. 8-20 36.817324, Four familieFor descrip
home farm Baxter FarmBaxter FarmVirginia, GoOrlando Br
70 37.060771, Farm consisFor descrip
home farm Rolleston (HRolleston (HVirginia, GoC.B. Wilder 1863: 61; N36.821856, Freedpeop Henry Wise
distributingCamp MetcCamp MetcVirginia, Gr none
unknown 39.073872, Camp was tFor photog
impressme Hampton (GHampton (GVirginia, HaC.B. Wilder
7,000 37.027465,In September 1861, Co
“groani Harrison†Harrison†Virginia, Harrison’s 1860: 3,80337.317947, On Septem Sept. 24,
18
abandoned Camp Wad Camp Wad Virginia, La Philip Fowl June 1863: 38.946389, One of manD.B. Nichol
home farm Camp Beck Camp Beck Virginia, ne D.B. Nichol June 1863: 38.928568,Camp Beck ATTACH im
schoolhous Acretown Acretown Virginia, ne General Wi unkown (es37.231953, A small refu"...led to tw
hospital, re Newport N Newport N Virginia, NeOrlando Br Nov. 1862: 37.099003, In Novemb “Gen. Jo
reunion, fa Rope Walk Rope Walk Virginia, NoBrown, Orla
700 36.850769, Mostly elderly, women
jubilee, reu Hall’s JaHall’s JaVirginia, NoBrown, Orla1863: 26,1136.850769, Hall’s Ja“I wish y
first Contra Norfolk, VirNorfolk, VirVirginia, NoOrlando Br August 186 36.850769, Near the orAttached do
marriage Fort Norfol Fort Norfol Virginia, NoOrlando Br August 186 36.884513, Fort Norfol ATTACH Luc
corporal puPortsmouthPortsmouthVirginia, PoOrlando Br “Hundre36.835426, Overcrowd “The ne
American MPrincess AnPrincess AnVirginia, Pr Orlando Br 1860: 3,38136.751814,Princess Anne County i
pass systemRichmond, Richmond, Virginia, Richmond
1870: 31,0337.544233, Capitol of t After the w
church, rituUniontown Uniontown Virginia, Su Corporal Sy
1320 36.753189, A notable c “Siege o
no compen Williamsbu Williamsbu Virginia, W CB Wilder “hundre37.276785, Military rec“The wh
governmenJohn Tyler FJohn Tyler FVirginia, W C.B. Wilder August 186 37.258211, In May 186 “During
slave pen, pWashingtonWashingtonWashingtonNichols, D.Bunknown; ( 38.898131, Washington City Jail op
prayer meeWashingtonWashingtonWashingtonDB Nichols, 1863: 4,93938.910805,In February Describes e
orphan homThe Colore The ColoredWashingtonMaria Man June 1863: 38.915281, The Colored Home was
school, landBarry's FarmBarry's FarmWashingtonFreedmen'sunknown 38.860028, The Freedm"In respons
tenements,Duff Green Duff Green WashingtonD.B. Nichol
400 38.890966, Duff Green For Harriet
prison, segrOld Capitol Old Capitol WashingtonWilliam P. W
Feb 1862: 238.890272, Refugees were sent he
white poor Campbell CCampbell CWashingtonMajor Thom582 in hosp38.916236, ContrabandFor Laura H
island, self- Mason’ Mason’ WashingtonD.B. Nichol June 1864: 38.897427, Because of July 1864 re
status dispuCamp BrighCamp BrighWashingtonD.B. Nichol unknown; ( 38.960477,Camp BrighCharles Har
abandoned Camp ToddCamp ToddWashingtonD.B. Nichol June 1863: 38.881671, One of many governm
smallpox, r Camp BarkeCamp BarkeWashingtonD.B. Nichol 4,939 in 18 38.914026, In 1862, co Between Ju
fortificationBattery Car Battery Car WashingtonD.B. Nichol (Total in D. 38.827222, On the outskirts of D.C
disease, maThe SlashesThe SlashesWashingtonN/A
3000 38.920388, Encampme Note: wher
Primary So Primary So Secondary Secondary Date_CreatUserName_Date_ModiUserName_URL1
James B. NeJames B. NeWTG-US 63WTG-US 63 ######## FileMaker P ########
Aaron Walters
Capt. R.J. H Capt. R.J. H Chandra M Chandra M ######## FileMaker
P ######## Abby Coop http://www
“A Journ“Diary oJohn Cimpr John Cimpr ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Cooper
Emma J. Ra Emma J. Ray Autobiography, Twice ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://docs
John Eaton Eaton Report (1864): 72
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Capt. J.A. S Capt. J.A. S Black Studi Black Studi ######## Abby Coop ########
Abby Coop http://www
John Eaton,Eaton RepoWTG-LS 38-John Cimpr ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://book
John Eaton Eaton RepoHelena A&PHelena A&P######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://civilw
John Eaton Eaton Report (1864): 88.
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John Eaton Eaton RepoBlack Studi Black Studi ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop https://arc
John Eaton Eaton RepoWTG-LS 24 WTG-LS 24 ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://civilw
Levi Coffin, Levi Coffin, Reminiscences (1880): ######## Abby Coop ######## FileMaker Phttp://book
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Emma J. Ra Emma J. Ra History of BBoone Cou ######## Abby Coop ######## Abby Coop http://docs
John Eaton,Eaton RepoBobby L. LoBobby L. Lo ######## FileMaker P ######## Abby Coop http://book
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John Eaton Eaton RepoBlack Studi Black Studi ########
Report of S Report of Samuel Thomas, Office o ########
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Camp BirneCamp Birney, Vicksburg, MS Freed ########
Samuel Shi Samuel Shi Janet HermJanet Herm ########
L.P. Brocket L.P. Brocke WTG-US 55WTG-US 55 ########
Liet. Col. R. R.A. Cameron to S. Colfax, May 11 ########
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Col. B. L. E. B. L.E. BonnWTG-US 42 WTG-US 42 1/1/2013
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Lt. Col. L. C L. Colburn tWTG-LS 37 WTG-LS 37 ########
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Testimony oTestimony Drew Pulle John Priest ########
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Testimony oTestimony Joe A. Mob Joe Mobley 4/6/2013
Testimony oTestimony Joe A. Mob Joe A. Mob ########
Testimony oTestimony Patricia ClicPatricia Clic 4/6/2013
Horace JamTestimony Adrienne D Adrienne D ########
William Jos William Jos The Ohio H The Ohio H 7/6/2013
William Jos William Joseph Nelson to Abraham 7/6/2013
Morris She Morris She Celia E. NayCelia E. Nay ########
where slaves in the Sou Rudi Keller, Rudi Keller, ########
Testimony oTestimony WTG-LS 96,WTG-LS
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al Rufus Saxton estimat Leslie Schw Leslie Schw ########
Edward L. PE.L. Pierce WTG-LS 96,WTG-LS 96
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Testimony oTestimony Yael Sternh Yael Sternh 4/5/2013
FSSP: L&L 4Edward
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“Facts c “Facts c WTG-LS 96,Yael Sternh ########
Davis TillmaDavis TillmaBobby LoveBobby Love ########
OR, ser. 1 X William P. LJohn Cimpr John Cimpr ########
“A Journ“Diary of Walter Totten Carpen ########
bby Lovett calls it a specBobby LoveBobby Love ########
John Eaton,Eaton, GranSteve Hahn Bobby L. Lo ########
“A Journ“A JournChandra M Chandra M ########
Laura Havil Laura Havil John Cimpr John Cimpr ########
Levi Coffin. Levi Coffin, John Cimpr Cimprich, S ########
Chaplain Jo J. Eaton Let WTG-LS 31JWTG-LS 31 ########
established the first conBobby L. LoBobby L. Lo ########
h refugees and black tro WTG-LS 376Bobby L. Lo ########
T.J. Wright, T.J. Wright, WTG-LS 263John Cimpr
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“A Journ“Diary oGary C. Jen Gary C. Jen ########
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“A Journ“Diary oBobby L. LoBobby L. Lo ########
“A View“A View of Decherd, Tennessee ########
band camps, at best, seBobby L. LoBobby L. Lo ########
Adj. Gen. LoAdj. Gen. LoJohn Cimpr John Cimpr ########
Liet. James B. Nesbitt t Bobby L. LoBobby L. Lo ########
Capt. G.L. F G.S. Fort to WTG-LS 625John Cimpr
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on Tennessee ContrabaBobby L. LoBobby L. Lo ########
Letter from Gen. W.S. S WTG-US, 31WTG-US, 3 ########
John Eaton Eaton RepoSee editoriaSee editoria ########
Levi Coffin, Levi Coffin, Black Studi Black Studi ########
General Or Eaton RepoWTG-US 82WTG-US 82 ########
John Eaton Eaton RepoNicholas Vr Nicholas Vr ########
Elvira J. PowElvira J. Powers, Hospital Pencilling 6/5/2014
Elizabeth L. Elvira J. PowLamon, Les Lester Lam ########
“A Journ“Diary of Walter Totten Carpen ########
“A Journ“Diary of Walter Totten Carpen ########
John Eaton Eaton RepoJohn Cimpr John Cimpr ########
Liet. James Liet. James WTG-US 37 WTG-US 37 ########
Capt. W.W. W.W. Dean Bobby L. LoBobby L. Lo ########
Louis Hugh Louis Hugh Bobby L. LoBobby L. Lo ########
Affidavit of Affidavit of WTG-US 38WTG-US 38 ########
Mary LivermMary LivermWTG-LS 629WTG-LS 62 ########
Elvira J. PowElvira J. PowBobby L. LoBobby L. Lo ########
Capt. W.W. Capt. W.W. Deane to Gen. Tillson, ########
Simon PrisbSimon Prisby to Hon. E.M. Staunto ########
Mary Arms Mary Armstrong, WPA narrative, i ########
Adelaide WAdelaide W“African“African ########
Letter fromLetter fromDarlene HinDarlene Hin ########
Arthur EmmArthur Emm“United “United ########
WTG-US 27 WTG-US 275-6,
299-301; Office of ########
MSS Coll. n Julia Wilbu Civil War WCivil War W ########
Julia Wilbu Julia Wilbu “Alexan “Alexan ########
Julia Wilbu Julia Wilbur Papers, MSS Coll. no. ########
WTG-US 27 WTG-US
27James Barb James Barb ########
Friends’Friends’Joseph P. R Reidy, “ ########
D.B. Nichol D.B. Nichols, “Official Report,â€########
Belle Plain, Belle Plain,Va. Camp of Negro labo ########
A.R. Arter l A.R. Arter l “Fort Po“Fort Po ########
Adelaide WAdelaide WVirginia TouVirginia Tou 8/9/2014
Lucy Chase CorrespondWTG-US 94 Thavolia
Gl ########
“TERRO “TERRO “A Viole“A Viole ########
Library of C Library of Congress (Call No. LC-B8 ########
Wilder lauded the succeWTG-US 80WTG-US 80 ########
Joseph R. JoJ.R. Johnson to O.O. Howard, Augu ########
A.A. Surg. CA.A. Surg. C. K. S. Millard to Surg. H 1/8/2013
A.R. Arter l A.R. Arter l Joe Martin Joe M. Rich ########
Letter of Le Letter of Mrs. Let Page, Nov. 1862 ########
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Testimony of Hon. F.W. Bird before AFIC, Dec ########
Testimony Testimony of Hon. F.W. Bird befor ########
Testimony oTestimony Louis Gerte Louis Gerte ########
R.W. Rock (R.W. Rock, History of the 11th Reg ########
Edward Pie Edward Pie WTG-US 97 Robert Eng
########
General McGeneral McKeith P. Wi Keith P. Wi ########
D.B. Nichol D.B. Nichols, “Official Report,â€########
D.B. Nichol D.B. Nichol Ron BaumgRon Baumg ########
Lucy Chase Lucy Chase, Dear Ones at Home, H ########
C.B. Wilder Report of S WTG-US 87 Hahn, A Na ########
Letters of T Letters of Teachers and Superinten########
Lucy Chase Lucy Chase Adele AlexaAdele Alexa ########
Lucy Chase J.B. Kinsma Cassandra NCassandra N########
Lucy Chase Lucy Chase, Dear Ones at Home: L ########
Lucy Chase Lucy Chase WTG-US 92, 106
########
s one of seven countiesCraig SimpsCraig Simps ########
Laura Havil Haviland, A Freedom D Freedom La ########
Testimony Testimony Ervin L. JordCity of Suff ########
Testimony oTestimony of Charles B. Wilder bef ########
the 1863 season, freedLouis Gerte Louis Gerte ########
perated as a Fugitive SlaSandra Fitz Sandra Fitz ########
OR Ser. 1, v “Facts c “Living
C“Living C########
First Annua First Annua Carlton FletCarlton Flet 8/8/2014
se to the critical housingConstance Constance ########
Harriet JacoHarriet JacoDavid Taft TDavid Terry ########
"Washingto"WashingtoWTG-US 24 WTG-US
24 ########
Letter by RoLaura Havil Jill L. NewmJill L. Newm ########
Maj E.H. Lu E.H. Luding Allan Johns Allan Johns ########
Charles HarCharles Harvey Brester, When This ########
Emily Howl D.B. Nichol “Camp T“Camp T 7/8/2013
Testimony o“Facts c Allan Johns Allan Johns ########
J.G. BarnardJ.G. Barnard“Battery“Living C 4/6/2013
“The Co “The Co Evelyn, DouPaul Dickso ########
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Dates of OpNotes on LaURL2
MArch 1864- December 1865
midsummer 1862-
Links of Int Notes on P Tags
Other Possible Names
WTG-US 47abandoned plantation, home farm, picking cot
“225”contract labor program, hired out to plantatio
January 12 recruitment center, tents, black soldiers separ
south.unc.edu/neh/rayemma/rayemma.html
birth, reading, trauma of family separation, â€
ks.google.com/books?id=NGN-tAqa3HoC&printsec=frontcwoodyard
"just arranged by Lieut https://play.google.com/books/re woodyards De Vall’s Bluff
w.encyclopediaofarkanshttp://www.encyclopediaofarkansConfederate raids, enlistment
ks.google.com/books/r https://arc http://civilwarhelena.cimpressment, overcrowded, unsanitary, orpha
warhelena.com/history http://books.google.com/books/r woodyards
ks.google.com/books/reader?id=NGN-tAqa3HoC&printsecorphan home, quakers
Battle of HeBattle of Hehttp://civilwhttp://www.helena-arkdissuading Fort Curtis
warhelena.com/history http://books.google.com/books?idplantations
ks.google.colat-long coordinate estimated; approx. 2 miles from Helena
ks.google.colat-long coordinate estimated; appLevi Coffin, Reminiscences, 640
ks.google.colat-long coordinate estimated; appLevi Coffin, Reminiscences, 640
1865 This is spec http://books.google.co1870 US ce Dinktown, self-made camp, jubilee, liberation
ks.google.com/books?idhttp://library3.tnstate.edu/library log cabins, shantytown
ks.google.com/books?id=NGN-tAqa3HoC&prin1400 white white refugees, log cabins, wood, dressing up
ks.google.com/books?idhttp://www.gutenberg.org/files/1 cabins, shantytown, log cabins
“about as white as white folks”
, jumping
1863-1865
http://bookhttp://wwwFor populathealth, protection, stealing wood, concentrati
ks.google.coLat/Long: I went on Google maps t Population island, woodyard, self-sufficiency, women maj
ks.google.com/books?id=NGN-tAqa3HoC&prinData from swoodyard
coordinate http://dsl.richmond.edu/emancipaFlorida
Deposition schools
w.nytimes.com/1863/0 http://cwe http://wwwfrom 1860 white refugees, island,
black majority, family s
ichmond.edlat-long coordinates are estimated by descriptdeserters and runaway slaves, swamp, self-ma
from 1860 school
ichmond.edu/emancipahttp://books.google.coL.G. Arnold revival, African Methodist Episcopal Church, p
oks.abc-clio.com/reader.aspx?isbn=978031309March to S migration, infanticide, jailing, orphan home
ry3.tnstate.WTG-LS 97
http://ww2Taken fromisland, impressment, limbo
wikipedia.org/wiki/Colu http://eboohttp://www.georgiaen racial tensions, clashes between black troops
"Already w self-sufficiency, island, blacks taking care of th
Dec. 1864-end of war
1,354 fig. frschoolhouse, Sherman’s march to the sea,
Spring 1862
Susie King Tisland, crop sales, women, relocation, displace
early 1864
AFIC, File N labor, diseaColored Colony on Vache Island, Ile
early 1863 Population white refugees, religious services, hospital, re
From 1860 dialect, white dialect, island, hospital
w.humboldt Google ma http://www.humboldt African Repcolonizatio Logtown
1863(?)-1865
Susan B. Anthony, Freedmen’s home, selfw.lastroadtofreedom.cohttp://www.southernhRev. S.G. Wambiguous status, family camp, recruitment c
From 1860 slave trade, impressment, jail, white soldiers p
from 1860 slave trade
July- September 1865
1860 and 1 slave trade, mass marriage, religious services,
Spring 1864http://wwwhttp://ebooks.library.cornell.edu/ recruitmen Ariel
ks.google.coPopulation: This figure is total for woodyards island, womPau Pau
WTG-LS 36 infirm farm, fort, refusing to be hired out to p
ks.google.com/books?id=NGN-tAqa3HoC&prinPopulation woodyard, plantations
abandoned Raliegh Place
Maj. Julian autonomy, abandoned plantation
Lat-Long is Google Map hit for St. James Paris swamp, makeshift camp, self-made camp, fug
“160”infirm farm, self-sufficiency, contrabands sell c
1863
“600”jubilee, impressment, smallpox, “day of jub
“Bayou Teche, LA”from information fromorphan home, children, family
w.travelchanCoordinates given on whttp://wwwTestimony lying to get more rations, abandoned plantatio
Population home farm, self-sufficiency
Maj. Julian stealing livestock, theft, abandoned plantation
early winter & spring 1863
CNN namedNotes on p black religioEast Carroll Parish, LA
coordinates listed on wikipedia pa W.H. Wilde leased plantation, lying to get more rations fo
w.lib.lsu.eduestimated phttp://scriphttp://boarS.W. Cozze abandoned Scattery Plantation, Taylor Place
est. point above Milliken’s Bend near Omeleased plantation, home farm, picking cotton
http://eastcarrollparishleased plantation, picking cotton, Confederate
est. point near Transylvania, LA
leased plantation, home farm, picking cotton,
est. point near Transylvania, LA
leased plantation, home farm, picking cotton,
est. point near Transylvania, LA
leased plantation, home farm, picking cotton,
est. point near Transylvania, LA
leased plantation, home farm, picking cotton,
estimated point near White Castle
leased plantation, stealing livestock, theft
w.historic-st Coordinate http://bellegroveoflou W.H. Wilde hospital, th Andrews’ Place, Andrews’ P
April 1862
From T.W. overcrowding, tents, retribution, orphan hom
ks.google.com/books?id=DhlT0z9DX3cC&print John W. Elasorrow, church, suicide, tents, chant, dreadloc
1863- Jan 1865
http://wwwhttp://wwwWTG-LS 50 health, impressment, chant, religious frenzy, s
1862180-230 fig chant, dreadlocks, hair cut, suicide, sorrow, rit
“Location is Northwhttp://eastcarrollparishdisplacement, leased plantation, neglected, pi
“northwest East Ca http://eastcarrollparishabandoned plantation, neglected, Confederat
w.louisianadFrom Wikipedia National Register W.H. Wilde abandoned plantation, infirm farm, dysentery
- January 18This is nearly precise location, deduced from hrelated to Lake Providence, family camps, imp
autonomy, picking cotton, abandoned plantat
“Octobeleased plantation, home farm, picking cotton
From 1860 school, mig Ralston Plantation
ks.google.coThis is nearly precise location, ded This is tota woodyards
w.nottoway.com/pdf/bohttp://wwwhttp://www.historicho concubinagNottoway Plantation
“During makeshift camp, hospital
est. point on MS Valley
In Black Stuhospital
estimated point in rear of Vicksburg
flooding
May 23 186went to Google maps, selected plaCharts fromcamp broken up
w.civilwaralb30-50 south of Vicksbu http://www.rootsweb.abandoned Perkins Landing, Somerset Plantat
James Brya family camp
south.unc.edu/fpn/hughes/hughes.html
WTG-LS 798
organized NLat Long: hthttp://wwwhttp://lastr WTG-LS 62 family
camp, autonomy, church,
hospital, self- “1863-1865: 3,000-map in Hermann, 102 home farm Palmyra or Palmyra Bend
ends Dec 20, 1862
Note on po supply depot, racial ambiguity
This is nearly precise location, deduced from hisland, women’s work, woodyards
neo-slavery, black codes, brutality, New Zion B
an-nativeamlat-long est http://ebooks.abcclio.c1860 and 1 railroad, saw mill, Baptist, church
ks.google.coPopulation: “5000”Eaton Report, p. 10; ârevenge, catharsis, cruel punishment, unsanita
estimated point near Vicksburg
plantation, books
http://mississippi.hometownlocat A. McFarlanwomen, plantations, wood-chopping, disease,
Lat Long: Cite of Vicksburg NationaRG 105 Pre freedmen’s store, black lessees, abandone
coordinates for Prentiss House at 1010 Monroe St, because there was a freedman’s hosp
kofagen.pbwExecutive Friend’s Report, 1864-65, p. 7 leaving and returning, abandoned plantation,
w.battleofpi “Pilot K http://www.gutenberg.org/files/2 white refugFort Davidson
May 1863 coordinates for New Madrid, MO 1860 and 1 slave trade, officers protest treatment of cont
w.usgennet.org/usa/mohttp://wwwhttps://arc St Louis Cit white refugees, hospital, impressment, church
w.usgennet. “A contraband camp of former WTG-US 55hospital, school, aid societies, barracks, crossFebruary 181500 figure in WTG-US 572500 fig 500 contra aid societie Missouri Hotel
w.oldalgiersmainstreet.org/history.html
Wm. E. Douinfirm farm, employment depot, insufficient ra
“... all it fugitive colony
w.northcarolinahistory.ohttp://www.c-spanvideVincent Co no way to provide for families, impressment, c
August 186 coordinate http://emehttp://wwwVincent Co hotel, Unio Hotel De’Afrique
w.northcaro near New Bern, on Go http://wwwHorace Jamautonomy, James City
March 14, 1862 Union http://blogs.lib.unc.edu/civilwar/i rape, distribNew Bern, Newberne
March 14, 1862 Union http://wwwhttp://www.northcarolinahistory.org/encyclopedia/723/entry
w.roanokefreedmensco http://books.google.co“March family, return, sense of home, autonomy, scho
w.northcaro coordinates are for prehttp://civilwVincent Co relocation, northern outcry
Summer 18Lat -long identified by Ohio Historical Society recruitment, impressment, prison, rendezvous
recruitment, impressment, prison, island, brea
early 1862
Cherokee, overcrowding, running from the Un
w.columbiatribune.com/news/local/years-ago-Sea Islands figures: Sternhell, Routes of War, 96
Google hit for Cane Island, Beaufo Sea Islands sea islands, so many wives, polygamy, bigamy
om
Leslie Schw impressment
1259 figure scripture, religious meeting, sea islands
Google map hit for Barnwell IslandSea Islands sea islands, so many wives, polygamy, bigamy
Google map hit for Cat Island, Mt. Sea Islands sea islands, so many wives, polygamy, bigamy
“Februareligious illegitimacy, political exclusion becau
w.islandpacket.com/201http://www.lowcountrJune 1862: plantations, church, sea islands, island, black d
Nov. 1861 Union military occupation begins 1909 figure island, sea islands, recruitment, prayer, church
hive.org/str Google maps first hit
2,721 figureisland, church, Baptist
nesseeencyclopedia.net/entry.php?http://wwwBobby Loverelocation
w.nps.gov/h Fort Donelson National Battlefield Cimprich, 5refusing to Fort Donaldson
warnashvilleHospital on Broad St (nhttp://histoJan 9 1864 hospital
w.tnvacation.com/civil-whttp://tennhttp://ww2.tnstate.ed New Africa
hive.org/stream/grantlihttp://bookhttp://gjcontrabandcamfirst Contraband Camp area,
model camp, unio
w.c-spanvideo.org/program/298412-1
Cimprich, 5hospital, aid societies, school
1863- April 1864
Cimprich, 5manna to my soul, reunion, husband-wife, grie
1862 - JuneThis is nearly precise location. Island no longe island, self-sufficiency, “manna to my soulâ
end of 1862Samuel W. Sawyer
board cabins, hospital, religious, rape, Union a
nesseeencyclopedia.net http://ww2http://tennesseeencyc supply depot
w.civilwaralbum.com/chhttp://wwwhttp://ww2Civil War A military infrHill City
Nov. 1863 -To get lat-lohttp://wwwhttp://wwwBobby Lovejubilee, shantytown, whites refugees, sod huts
January 1864
http://wwwhttp://tennJanuary 15 contrabandLookout Valley
1864
http://ww2Cimprich, 5 self-sufficiency, impressment, supply depot, p
ry3.tnstate.edu/library/DIGITAL/dohttp://ww2.tnstate.ed unsanitary
WTG-US 38hired out to plantations, contract labor progra
nesseehistoriclandscapehttp://librahttp://ww2.tnstate.ed abandoned estate
Cimprich, 5hospital, reenslaving women
ry3.tnstate.edu/library http://ww2http://ww2.tnstate.ed recruitment center, tents, shantytown, no wo
steach.org/dlat-long taken from LaGrange HistoCimprich, 5tents, hospital, coming in as a family, superstit
nesseeencyclopedia.net http://books.google.cosee attachepopulation growth, family unit, refusing to rel
ks.google.cocoordinates are Holly Springs, MS
family units, religious services, self-protection
ks.google.com/books/reader?id=N http://lastroadtofreed family camp, self-protection, relocation
Fall 1863http://books.google.coCimprich, 5 island, overCamp Dixie
1865: 10,74white refugees, hospital, “poor white trash
ks.google.com/books?id=abNOAAAAMAAJ&vq=negro&dq unsanitary, stockyard, postwar, women’s w
estimated point in the countryside“coloredrecruitment, smallpox, cabins, schools, family
Estimated point, could be four mil Diary of Wacabins, picking cotton
ks.google.com/books/reader?id=NGN-tAqa3HoCimprich, 5orphan home, island
WTG-US 47women ma John Phillips Place
w.tngenweb.org/recordhttp://librahttp://ww2Letter fromrape, self-sufficiency, castration, plantation
ry3.tnstate.edu/library/DIGITAL/dohttp://ww2.tnstate.ed family camp, self-protection, log cabins, churc
December coordinates for Tunnel Hill Rd in CoWTG-US 47burned down, Confederate attacks, abandone
mid-1863 https://archive.org/str 1200 is fromimpressment, “we defy Egypt”
, hospital,
ks.google.com/books?idhttp://librahttp://ww2.tnstate.ed white refugees, dialect of white refugees, stoc
w.tngenweb.org/records/madison/misc/freedmen/fbwtn- abandoned plantation, self-sufficiency, self-m
From 1860 holding on hope, going to Texas to bring dead
exact location of refugee camp un From 1860 “away I goin’ to find my mamma”
, fam
w.encyclopediavirginia.ohttp://wwwhttp://www“Civil W supply depoHopewell
Google hit for Yorktown, then went 1 mile inlmass marri Slabtown
w.civilwararchive.com/Uhttp://artichttp://www.bethelhamwedding, marriage, African Methodist Episcop
andriava.gov/uploadedFiles/historic/info/archaeology/AR “slave pen”
, church, swaying and moanin
wardc.org/maps/flex/
http://civilwardc.org/maps/flex/
w.virginiameAlexandria, VA
Julia Wilbu impressment, prison, unsanitary, cruel punish
Oct 1862
unsanitary, unburied dead, swaying and moan
harvard.edu/urn-3:FHCL.HOUGH:8308381
swaying and moaning, cruel punishment, bible
1862-1890
http://wwwhttp://wwwHarlem Wo infrastructure, model community, self-sufficie
begun May 18, 1863
http://dclawD.B. Nichol makeshift camp, abandoned plantation, tents
eb2.loc.gov/service/pnp/cwpb/00300/00343v.jpg
labor, quartermaster dept, tent town
1864 National Rehttp://encyclopediavirginia.org/m
supply depoWIlson’s Wharf, Fort Pocahont
w.virginia.org/Listings/HistoricSites/PointofRocksParkCivilW
hospital, dialect, voodoo, superstition, rabbit f
contrabands there Novhttps://archive.org/str WTG-US 94 reunion, polygamy,
husband-wife, death, auto
w.encyclopediavirginia.ohttp://wwwhttp://cwemancipationslave insurrection, claiming freedom, jubilee, t
1862
black boy between legs of white soldier
White’s system begins Nov. 1864
From 1860 new labor system, contracts
established lat-long is t http://herbhttp://dclawD.B. Nichol “tents t Major Nutt’s Farm
From Orlan scurvy, orp Marine Hospital
May 24, 1861http://www.accessiblesee attachejubilee, conFreedom Fortress, Fortress Monro
coordinates for Gloucester Point, Gnote on po makeshift cSlab Richmond
est. latlong near Fort Monroe, on 4 men on fahome farm, self-sufficiency
est. lat long near Fort Monroe, neaWTG-US 17home farm, self-sufficiency
ks.google.coestimated data point on east bank in 1863, thehome farm, self-sufficiency, aid societies, chur
hive.org/str “The camp was originally located about twdistributing camp
1861 - evolves into the http://www.dailypress.com/featu impressme Slabtown, Grand Contraband Cam
w.beyondthecrater.com/news-and-http://wwwFrom 1860 “groani Harrison's Landing, Berkeley Planta
w.nytimes.com/1863/08https://arc http://dclawD.B. Nichol abandoned plantation, home farm, self-suffici
May 30 1863 http://dclawyeronthecD.B. Nichol home farm
1864
Sabletown schoolhous Acreville
Google maps first hit
506 in tota hospital, relocation, school, farms, impressme
Norfolk surrenders May 10, 1862
reunion, family, jubilee, husband-wife, hymns
jubilee, reunion, reunion as bitter as sweet, si
1861-1865
http://issuuhttp://wwwNov. 29 186first Contraband Camp area, impressment, pu
Lucy Chase gives map in Introduction to Dear marriage
Portsmouth “on the south side H.S. Beals lecorporal punishment, mothers beating childre
coordinate https://archive.org/str Moving thr American Missionary Association, school, aid s
yclopediavirginia.org/Refugees_During_the_Civil_War#sta pass system, protests, naming practices, orpha
w.suffolkva.us/files/741encyclopediavirginia.org/map
church, ritual, jubilee singers, religious service
is Google Maps: “Williamsburg, VA”
Testimony no compensation, school
Coordinates for John Tyler Lane in WTG-US 95government farm
http://civilwhttp://civilwardc.org/mslave pen, p"Blue Jug" or "Slave Pen"
erparkhisto From NPS âhttp://wwwhttp://opin D.B. Nichol prayer meeting, “gwine home to glory”
,s
erparkhisto Originally a http://www.burleith.o “June 1 orphan homThe National Colored Home,
The N
plepastandpresent.org/http://grea http://civilwardc.org/dschool, landHillsdale, Potomac City
south.unc.edu/fpn/jacobs/support5http://civilwardc.org/dtenements, segregation, smallpox
wardc.org/dCarroll Row found at inhttp://civilwardc.org/mprison, segrCaroll
Row
1864-1985 “In 1864http://wwwhttp://jay.t According t white poor Campbell Army Hospital, Freedme
May 1864-June 1865
http://civilwWTG-US 25island, self- Analostan Island; later Theodore R
ks.google.coalong 13th http://gjcontrabandca D.B. Nichol status disputes
Spring 1863estimated http://civilwardc.org/dD.B. Nichol abandoned plantation, hospital, log cabins, aid
summer 1862 - 1864 https://arc http://civilwardc.org/d smallpox, r McClellan’s
Barracks
September “Southehttp://wwwhttps://ww D.B. Nichol fortifications, abandoned military installations
Jan. 12, 186data point is today’s Kalorama From “Tdisease, makeshift camp, self-made camp
tton, school, mass marriage, homes, “bress de lord,”glory!, rape, children with their own children
ons, women majority
rated from their wives, mistreatment, women not allowed in camp, marriage, brothel, women in camp
€œreaping fruit of faith and prayer”
, jubilee, liberation from Egypt, Abraham Lincoln is Abraham in the
an home, Industrial School, Quakers, relocation, female missionaries, health, hospital
from Egypt
for church
over the broom, marriage, naming yourself, burying money, superstition, psychic, prophesy, marking bab
ion camp, home farm
jority, women’s work
separation, refusing to leave families, coming in without shoes,
ade camp
payment disputes, fugitive slave informants
and Union, racial violence
hemselves
, stealing property
ement, self-sufficiency, blacks taking care of themselves
e a’ Vache
location, hired out to plantations, barracks
-sufficiency, trauma, impressment
enter
protesting black enlistment, segregation, return to masters of own accord, family separation
marrying for freedom, impressment, labor conscription
lantations, smallpox
gitive colony
crops, hospital, school
bilee was come, hallelujah”
, infirm farm, petition, no distinction between free blacks and contrabands
on, home farm, voodoo, ritual, engraved headstones, curse
n, home farm
r contrabands, relocation, concubinage
e raids
leaving and returning, infirm farm
leaving and returning, infirm farm
leaving and returning, infirm farm
leaving and returning, infirm farm
Plantation
e, sugar industry
cks, hair cut, suicide, ritual, sacredness, retribution, mourning, dirge
spiritworld, payment disputes, picking cotton
tual, sacredness, retribution, church, cemetery, mourning, dirge
icking cotton, Confederate raids
e raids, sickness
y, living skeletons, no clothing, water
pressment
tion, self-sufficiency, survival
ion
-supporting, schools, praying and singing, religion, self-protection
Baptist Church, baptized in the river, spirit, superstition, exorcism, ghost, graveyard, “a shoutin’ M
ary, terror
, women’s work
ed plantations, owning land
pital at Prentiss House
disease, unsanitary, hog pens
trabands, reluctant to return slaves, “slave catchers instead of soldiers”
, conjure, voodoo, slave hea
h, relief effort, hotel, women’s work, aid societies, schools, cross-cultural encounter, tensions betwee
-cultural encounter, tensions between Mississippi and Missouri blacks, regional superiority
ations, supply depot, survival, concubinage, drunkenness, theft, police harrassment
complaints of freedpeople
ool, church, smallpox, religious frenzy, “hellfire and brimstone”
, the shout, women’s work, mass
s, breaking up families
aking up families
nion
y, licentiousness, morals, emotional religion, church chastises adultery, eating together as a family, marri
y, licentiousness, morals, emotional religion, church chastises adultery, eating together as a family, marri
y, licentiousness, morals, emotional religion, church chastises adultery, eating together as a family, marri
use of religious practices, sea island, relocation, displacement, “we want homesteads”
, desiring hom
dialect, portable water
h, Baptist, so many wives, polygamy, bigamy, licentiousness, morals, emotional religion, church chastise
on depot, model camp, marriage is impossible
ef, bible, relocation, displacement, massacre, vengeance, retribution for slaughtering black soldiers
”
, husband-wife, reunion, tents
abuse of freedpeople
s, supply depot, religious independence
production of clothing and shoes, schools, black women teachers, orphan home
am, school, recruitment center, impressment, hymn, singing
rk without assured wages, aid societies, post-war settlements
tion, Union headquarters
ocate
, Baptists, Methodists, believing in heaven and hell
h!”
work, burial practices
camps, aid societies
ch, school
ed plantation, women majority, picking cotton, relocation, school, picking cotton
orphans, smallpox, convalescent camp, birth-date confusion, age
ckyard
ade camp
son home, mothers looking for sons, hospital, military brutality, disturbing religious services, disease, si
mily reunion
pal church, schools
ng, smallpox, “wound of the past”
, barracks, bible chapters, smallpox, aid societies, relocation, forcin
ment, slave pen
ning, “born in a big time”
, “wound of the past”
e chapters, smallpox, funeral, aid societies, “wound of the past”
ency, industrial school, hospital, church, schools, eviction
tas
foot, incantation, “I’s a comin’ Lawd!”
, the shout, glory!, eyes rolling, singing, dancing, fire, r
onomy, sense of home, schools, impressment, rape, prostitution, sex
taking freedom into your own hands
oe
rch, abandoned plantation, Methodists
p
ation, James River, Virginia
ient
ent, Zouave gangs
, bible sayings, glory! glory!
nging jubilee
nishment for rape, jubilee, glory! glory!, church, reunion, Zouave gangs, the shout, church, a new order
en, impressment, family separation, overcrowding, sickness, smallpox, breaking up families, hospital, Zou
societies
an home
e, prayer
swaying, “thar’s a day a-comin’!”
, divine justice, ecstasy, swaying and gyrating, prayer meetin
National Home for Destitute Colored Women and Children
n’s Hospital
Roosevelt Island (earlier in 1600s it was called both “My Lord’s Island”and “Barbadoes”
)
d societies
s become settlements
signify brothel and disorder, sexualizing black women, prostitutes, family, separation
bible
bies with beer,
Methodist,”“kunger”(conjure),
lth, emancipation, “thank god almighty we’re free at last”
, Ku Klux Klan, Union mistreating black
en Mississippi and Missouri blacks, regional superiority
s marriage, colonization, sawmill
iage ceremonies, concubinage
iage ceremonies, concubinage
iage ceremonies, concubinage
me
s adultery, eating together as a family, marriage ceremonies, concubinage
ickness, medicinal remedies, Agate Americana, desire for books, literacy
ng, mistreatment
rhythm, rapture, “the heavenly walk,”ecstasy, meeting, religious frenzy, worship
uave gangs
ng, let my people go, rage, abuse, nuclear family, model camp, put women to work, colored home, orpha
ks, age exaggeration, dead children, “waitin’ for the Good Lord to come take me home”
an home, crossing the river