30 October 2015
Vol. XV
In this issue
1. Resumed Session of the 36th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group
(36OEWG) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete
the Ozone Layer and 27th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol
(MOP 27), 29-30 October and 1-5 November 2015 | Dubai, United Arab
Emirates (UAE)
2. OzonAction Events during the 27th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal
Protocol, 1-5 November 2015, Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE)
3. HFC Management: a Dedicated Webpage from the Ozone Secretariat
4. NASA Study Shows That Common [HFC] Coolants Contribute to Ozone
Depletion
5. Benefits of Leapfrogging to Super efficiency and Low Global Warming
Potential Refrigerants in Room Air Conditioning
6. World Set to Use More Energy for Cooling than Heating
7. Antarctic Ozone Bulletins no. 1-4 2015 Now Available from the WMO
8. Draft Decision XXVII/[…]: Potential areas of focus for the 2018
quadrennial reports of the Scientific Assessment Panel, the Environmental
Effects Assessment Panel and the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel
9. Thematic Meeting on Implementation of HCFC Phase-Out Management
Plans (HPMPs), Minsk, Belarus, 13-15 October 2015
10. Balkan Countries and Turkey on Track with the Phase-Out of OzoneDepleting HCFCs, Bucharest, Romania, 29 September -1 October 2015
11. Obama Administration and Private-Sector Leaders Announce Ambitious
Commitments and Robust Progress to Address Potent Greenhouse Gases –
Fact Sheet
12. Proposed Refrigerant Management Rule Signed by EPA Administrator
13. Final Preparations for UAE’s MOP 27 Hosting
GLOBAL
1. Resumed Session of the 36th Meeting of the Open-ended Working Group
(36OEWG) of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the
Ozone Layer and 27th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP 27),
29-30 October and 1-5 November 2015 | Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE)
The resumed session of the thirty-sixth meeting of the Open-ended Working Group (OEWG 36) of the Parties to
the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer will be held from 29-30 October 2015 in
Dubai, United Arab Emirates (UAE). The twenty-seventh meeting of the parties to the Montreal Protocol (MOP
27) will meet thereafter, from 1-5 November 2015.
The resumed session of OEWG 36 will continue and conclude its discussions under agenda item7, the outcome
of the intersessional informal discussions on the feasibility and ways of managing hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
The MOP 27 preparatory segment will take place from 1-3 November 2015. It is expected to consider the
outcome of OEWG 36, as well as, inter alia, issues related to exemptions under Article 2 of the Protocol,
including nominations for essential-use exemptions for 2016 and nominations for critical-use exemptions for
2016 and 2017 and issues related to ozone-depleting substances. The proposed amendments to the Protocol will
also be considered.
The MOP 27 high-level segment (HLS) will take place from 4-5 November 2015, and will hear presentations by
the assessment panels on their synthesis of the 2014 quadrennial assessments and by the Chair of the Executive
Committee of the Multilateral Fund (MLF) on the work of the Executive Committee, the MLF Secretariat and
the MLF’s implementing agencies. The HLS will also consider the decisions recommended for adoption by
MOP 27.
IISD Reporting Services, through its ENB Meeting Coverage, provides daily web coverage, reports,
summary and analysis report from the Resumed 36OEWG and 27th Meeting of the Parties to the
Montreal Protocol, taking place from 29 to 30 October and 1 to 5 November 2015, from Dubai, United
Arab Emirates (UAE).
2. OzonAction Events during the 27th Meeting of the Parties
to the Montreal Protocol, 1-5 November 2015, Dubai, United
Arab Emirates (UAE)
- Technical Forum on Research Projects for Alternative Refrigerants in High
Ambient Countries - Ballrooms F-D - 31/10/2015 - 9:00 AM - Agenda
The Forum will focus on presenting the findings and outcomes of three key
research projects addressed the issue of alternative refrigerants for A/Cs in highambient operating conditions i.e. PRAHA, AREP-II and US-High Ambient Project.
It will also offer chance to highlight ongoing related research/work on the high-
ambient issue. Contact for this event:
Ahmed Alaa Eldin Mohamed, ASHRAE Regional
Vice Chair GGAC, ASHRAE Falcon Chapter
Ayman Eltalouny, Programme Officer, UNEP
OzonAction CAP ROWA
- Management of ODS in Fisheries - Ballroom A - 1/11/2015, 1:00 PM - Agenda
The use of refrigeration technology is an essential requirement at all stages of the fisheries industry: from catch
to processing, to food plate. One of the most common refrigerants used in the fishing industry is
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC-22), a controlled ozone depleting substance (ODS) under the Montreal
Protocol (MP). The fisheries sector, both marine and on-land processing, has so far not been sufficiently studied
or engaged in the HCFC-22 phase-out processes. This data gap can have implications for both compliance with
the Montreal Protocol and the industry that is dependent on refrigeration technology.
- Sustainable Cold Chain - Ballroom A - 1/11/2015, 2:00 PM - Agenda
Refrigeration is crucial for cold-chain industry and food security which is one of the key post-2015 sustainable
development goals recently adopted by world leaders. The integration of food security, energy efficiency and
climate actions in combination with managing refrigerants and reducing emissions will be of great value and
high impact on economies especially in developing countries.
- Refrigeration Certification / National Certification Schemes for Refrigeration and Air- Conditioning
Servicing Technicians - Ballroom A - 2/11/2015, 1:00 PM - Agenda
The refrigeration and air-conditioning industry will increasingly have to adapt to both the technical and safety
issues concerning the alternative refrigerants. Certification is the best practical method to verify the competence
of personnel handling refrigerants and to ensure the correct installation, maintenance, repair and dismantling of
a refrigeration, air conditioning and heat pump systems.
The side event aims to better understand the importance of certification in ensuring the installation of
safe and reliable equipment and provision of quality services through adherence to applicable standards
leading to minimising of emissions and to demonstrate to service technicians and enterprises why it is in their
interest to participate.
- Launching of University Course for Engineers - Ballroom A - 2/11/2015, 2:00 PM - Agenda
UNEP cooperated with two academic institutes in West Asia in developing special course for ODS management
for engineering undergraduates. The course was offered to senior engineering students in the two universities i.e.
Kuwait University (KU) and the American University in Beirut (AUB) where it was successfully introduced for
few years. This year, UNEP in cooperation with the government of Lebanon decided to revise this course,
update it in accordance with the latest global policy and technological development triggered by the Montreal
Protocol. The university course will be ready for other engineering colleges/institutes early 2016.
For more information, please visit OzonAction Branch MOP 27 Webpage
See other MOP27 Side events
3. HFC Management: a Dedicated Webpage from the Ozone Secretariat
The Ozone Secretariat has created a dedicated page on the
management of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) on its website.
The web page contains key documents and information resources on
HFC management produced over the past two years and new material
is featured under “New!.” Currently, the new material include updated
technical fact sheets that provide background information about the use
of HFCs and the low-GWP alternatives that can replace them. These
are updates to the technical fact sheets from the Workshop on HFC
Management held in April 2015.
Another resource under “New!” is the latest, corrected schematic table
that presents some of the key elements of the four amendment
proposals submitted by Canada, Mexico and the United States (North
American proposal), India (Indian proposal), the European Union and
its member States (European Union proposal) and some island States
(Island States proposal).
The dedicated page on HFC management will be updated regularly with relevant documents and information
material.
UNEP, Ozone Secretariat, October 2015
4. NASA Study Shows That Common [HFC] Coolants Contribute to Ozone
Depletion
A class of widely used chemical coolants
known as hydrofluorocarbons (HFC)
contributes to ozone depletion by a small
but measurable amount, countering a
decades-old assumption, according to a
new NASA study.
The paper, published Oct. 22 in
Geophysical Research Letters, a journal of
the American Geophysical Union, is based
on the results of a NASA-derived
atmospheric chemistry climate model that
projected the impacts of HFC gases on the
atmosphere by the year 2050.
This narrated video provides an overview of the study findings and features NASA scientist Margaret Hurwitz.
Credits: NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
The ozone layer comprises a belt of ozone molecules located primarily in the lower stratosphere. It is
responsible for absorbing most of the sun’s harmful ultraviolet radiation before it reaches Earth’s surface.
Research in the 1990s showed that HFCs, which have replaced more powerful ozone-depleting chemical
coolants in recent years, destroy a negligible amount of ozone. But that conclusion was reached by examining
only the gases’ ability to break down ozone molecules through chemical reactions that take place following the
breakdown of these molecules in the atmosphere.
The new study, which focused on the five types of HFCs expected to contribute the most to global warming in
2050, found that the gases indirectly contribute to ozone depletion. HFC emissions cause increased warming of
the stratosphere, speeding up the chemical reactions that destroy ozone molecules, and they also decrease ozone
levels in the tropics by accelerating the upward movement of ozone-poor air. According to the model, their
impact is such that HFCs will cause a 0.035 percent decrease in ozone by 2050.
HFCs’ contribution to ozone depletion is small compared to its
predecessors. For example, trichlorofluoromethane, or CFC-11, a once
common coolant that is no longer used, causes about 400 times more
ozone depletion per unit mass than HFCs.
“We’re not suggesting HFCs are an existential threat to the ozone layer or
to ozone hole recovery, but the impact isn’t zero as has been claimed,”
said lead author Margaret Hurwitz, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's
Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. “HFCs are, in fact,
weak ozone-depleting substances.”
In the study, scientists also found that HFCs have a nearly linear impact
on stratospheric temperature and ozone change. For example, reducing
HFC emissions by 50 percent would decrease the ozone change by a
comparable amount. Such a direct relationship will prove useful for evaluating the impacts of emerging HFCs,
Hurwitz said. “We can provide policy makers with an estimate of the stratospheric impacts of new HFC gases.”
HFCs have been adopted as replacements for chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC)
in refrigerators and in home and automobile air conditioners. CFCs were largely responsible for the ozone
depletion first observed by scientists in the 1980s, most notably the ozone hole above Antarctica, which
continues today. CFC molecules contain chlorine atoms, and each atom can destroy thousands of ozone
molecules. Under the auspices of the Montreal Protocol treaty signed in 1987, CFCs were officially phased out
of production worldwide in 2010.
While HCFCs contain chlorine atoms, they are less damaging to the ozone layer because they also contain
hydrogen atoms, which causes them to break down in the atmosphere faster. HCFCs are currently being phased
out in favor of HFCs, which do not contain chlorine.
The study adds nuance to the discussion around HFCs and their full impact on the ozone, according to David
Fahey, a research physicist and director of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s Earth
Systems Research Laboratory, who was not involved in the study.
“What the paper demonstrates is that when you put this much of an infrared radiation-absorbing material in the
stratosphere, even though it nominally does not destroy ozone in the same way that mainline ODSs [ozonedepleting substances] do, it’s going to make a difference—it’s going to start changing things,” Fahey said. “It
adds a new dimension of thinking that stratospheric scientists need to be aware of as they discuss these matters
with policy makers.”
While HFCs are only weak ozone-depleting substances, they are, like CFCs and HCFCs, strong greenhouse
gases. If production trends continue, projections show that, by 2050, the amount of global warming by all HFCs
could be as large as 20 percent that of carbon dioxide.
Work is also underway to analyze the HFC impacts on surface climate. “We’ve taken a major step towards
understanding the effect of HFCs on the stratosphere and the ozone layer,” said Paul Newman, a co-author on
the paper and chief scientist for Earth sciences at Goddard. “Our next step is to use a more complex type of
model so we can begin to look at the impact of these compounds on land and ocean temperature, rainfall and sea
ice.”
Related Link: Geophysical Research Letters article: "Ozone Depletion by Hydrofluorocarbons"
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 22 October 2015
5. Benefits of Leapfrogging to Super efficiency and Low Global
Warming Potential Refrigerants in Room Air Conditioning
Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) emitted from uses such as refrigerants and thermal insulating
foam, are now the fastest growing greenhouse gases (GHGs), with global warming
potentials (GWP) thousands of times higher than carbon dioxide (CO2). Because of the short
lifetime of these molecules in the atmosphere,1 mitigating the amount of these short-lived
climate pollutants (SLCPs) provides a faster path to climate change mitigation than control
of CO2 alone. This has led to proposals from Africa, Europe, India, Island States, and North
America to amend the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer
(Montreal Protocol) to phase-down high-GWP HFCs…
1
HFCs, methane, black carbon, and tropospheric ozone are classified as “short-lived climate pollutants” (SLCPs) because they have relatively short
lifetime in the atmosphere - a few days to a decade and a half for the most commonly used HFCs.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, October 2015
6. World Set to Use More Energy for Cooling than Heating
Rising demand for air conditioning and refrigeration threatens to make planet hotter and undermine pledges to
rein in emissions The world faces a looming and potentially calamitous “cold crunch”, with demand for air
conditioning and refrigeration growing so fast that it threatens to smash pledges and targets for global
warming…
The Guardian, [UK] 26 October 2015
7. Antarctic Ozone Bulletins no. 1-4 2015 Now Available from the WMO
The Secretariat of the World Meteorological Organization issues bulletins
containing information on the state of the ozone layer in Antarctica and surrounding
regions at roughly two week intervals from August to November. The bulletins are
based on data provided by WMO Members which operate ozone monitoring
stations in the southern hemisphere and satellites to observe ozone globally.
Meteorological data and model results are also used to assess and interpret the
observations.
Read/Download: The Antarctic Ozone Bulletin no. 1, no. 2,
no. 3 and no. 4 2015
Contact: Dr. Geir O. Braathen, Senior Scientific Officer
Atmospheric Environment Research Division (AER) Research Department (RES), The World
Meteorological Organization
EUROPE AND CENTRAL ASIA
8. Draft Decision XXVII/[…]: Potential areas of focus for the 2018 quadrennial
reports of the Scientific Assessment Panel, the Environmental Effects Assessment
Panel and the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel
Submission by the European Union and Switzerland
The Twenty-seventh Meeting of the Parties decides:
To note with appreciation the excellent and highly useful work conducted by the Scientific Assessment Panel,
the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel and the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel in preparing
their 2014 assessment reports, including the 2015 synthesis report;
To request the three assessment panels to update their 2014 reports in 2018 and submit them to the Secretariat
by 31 December 2018 for consideration by the Open-ended Working Group and by the Thirty-first Meeting of
the Parties to the Montreal Protocol in 2019, noting that the panels should continue to exchange information
during the process of developing their respective reports in order to provide consistent information to the
parties; a synthesis report should be presented at the same time;
To encourage the assessment panels to more closely involve relevant scientists from Article 5 countries, to
achieve gender, and regional balance , as far as possible, [in line with decision [XXIV/8 para 2.1.1]] in the work
of producing the updates;
To encourage the assessment panels to use consistent units and consistent terminology throughout for better
comparability;
To request the assessment panels to keep the parties to the Montreal Protocol informed of any important new
developments;
To request the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel, in drafting its 2018 report, to consider the most recent
scientific information regarding the effects on human health and the environment of changes in the ozone layer
and in ultraviolet radiation, together with future projections and scenarios for those variables, taking into
account, among other things, the expected impacts of climate change, including of clouds, aerosols and solar
flux; including:
a) The effects of ultraviolet radiation reaching the biosphere and how such effects relate to
physical, biological and environmental processes, including interactions with the effects of
climate change;
b) The effects of ultraviolet radiation on:
(i)
Human health, including cancers, eye damage and infectious and other diseases,
and the beneficial effects of ultraviolet radiation;
(ii) The biodiversity and functioning of ecosystems, including the delivery of
ecosystem services, such as food production;
(iii) Materials, including materials used in construction;
c) The risks to human health and the environment posed by substances that affect the ozone
layer, their alternatives and their respective degradation products;
To request the Scientific Assessment Panel to include in its 2018 report, among other matters:
d) An assessment of the state of the ozone layer and its future evolution, including in
respect of atmospheric changes from, for example, or accelerated Brewer Dobson
circulation;
e) An evaluation of the Antarctic ozone hole and Arctic winter/spring ozone depletion and
the predicted changes in these phenomena, with particular focus on temperatures in the polar
stratosphere;
f) An evaluation of trends in the concentration in the atmosphere of ozone-depleting
substances and alternatives to ozone-depleting substances and their consistency with
reported production and consumption, together with available emission data relating to such
substances and the likely implications for the state of the ozone layer and the climate;
g) An assessment of the interaction between changes in the ozone layer and climate change;
including factors such as the effect of polar ozone depletion on tropospheric climate and vice
versa;
h) An assessment of the effects of ozone-depleting substances, very-short-lived substances
and non-controlled substances with ozone depletion potential, including potential
replacements for such substances, and respective degradation products, on the ozone layer
and on the atmosphere, marine, fresh and ground water, including a consolidated list of such
substances, their ozone-depletion potential, their global-warming potential and their relative
abundance in the atmosphere;
i) Estimates of the levels of ozone layer depletion attributed to the remaining potential
emissions of ozone depleting substances. An assessment of the level of global emissions of
ozone depleting substances below which the depletion of the ozone layer could be
comparable to various indicators such as the natural variability of global ozone, its secular
trend over decadal timescale, and the 1980 benchmark level;
j) The identification and reporting, as appropriate, on any other threats to the ozone layer,
including an assessment of the effect of recent volcanic activities and of possible
geo-engineering;
To request the Technology and Economic Assessment Panel, in its 2018 report, to consider the following topics,
among others:
k) The impact of the phase-out of ozone-depleting substances on sustainable development;
l) Technical progress in the production and consumption sectors in the transition to
alternatives and practices that eliminate or minimize emissions to the atmosphere of ozonedepleting substances;
m) The resulting impacts on the environment, in particular where relevant to support the
work of the SAP and EEAP, and including climate-relevant emissions;
n) Technically and economically feasible choices for the reduction and elimination of
ozone-depleting substances in all relevant sectors, including through the use of alternatives,
taking into account their performance and their impact on the environment, including on
climate, and technically and economically feasible alternatives to ozone-depleting
substances in consumption sectors, taking into account their overall performance;
o) The status of banks containing ozone-depleting substances and hydrofluorocarbons,
including those maintained for essential and critical uses, and the options available for
handling them;
p) Accounting for the production and consumption in various applications and relevant
sources of ozone-depleting substances, including hydrofluorocarbons.
UNEP, Ozone Secretariat, October 2015
9. Thematic Meeting on Implementation of HCFC Phase-Out Management Plans
(HPMPs), Minsk, Belarus, 13-15 October 2015
Minsk, Belarus, 15 October 2015 – Countries with Economies in Transition and Article 5 countries joining
hands to meet their respective reduction targets for ozone-depleting HCFCs: Montreal Protocol focal points and
refrigeration & air-conditioning (RAC) experts shared highlights, challenges and lessons learnt from the
implementation of their respective HCFC phase-out strategies during the thematic meeting on the
implementation of HCFC refrigerant management plans in Minsk, Belarus, 13-15 October 2015.
Georgia briefed the participants about their educational programme and training curricula for refrigeration
experts which consists of 13 modules which are taught during a period of 18 months. Trainees receive
certificates or diploma once they obtained a sufficient number of credits.
Armenia and Kyrgyzstan joined the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) in 2015 and they are currently
harmonizing their legislation for ozone depleting substances with that of the EEU including trade restrictions
and import bans for HCFC equipment and products. Kyrgyzstan also banned the import of disposable cylinders
and aims to phase-out their HCFC consumption by 2020 (with a 2,5% service tail until 2013) – 10 years earlier
as normally required by the Montreal Protocol in developing countries.
Georgia also informed of their pilot system for ODS destruction using plasma technology. However, this system
is not suited for destruction of actual quantities of ODS waste. Therefore, Georgia had exported 1.5 tonnes of
ODS waste to France for destruction.
Armenia has collected 0.5 tonnes of ODS waste and is looking for appropriate disposal options. They would be
interested in a list of countries with destruction facilities which would allow the import of ODS for destruction.
In addition, the provisions of the Basel Convention would need to be respected.
Kyrgyzstan established an agreement with the customs training center providing Montreal Protocol related
training to customs officers on a monthly basis as part of the ongoing customs training curricula. In addition, the
Ozone Center conducted the training of environmental inspectors. Since there are no border controls between
the member countries of the EEU, the responsibility of monitoring trade within the EEU moved to the finance
police. Therefore, the training of finance police officers will become a priority in the future.
Several countries highlighted the importance of close cooperation with national stakeholders and relevant
Ministries including Environment, Education, Economy, Industry, Finance (Customs) etc. Some countries hold
regular Steering Committee meetings with representatives of relevant Ministries and national stakeholders such
as refrigeration & air-conditioning associations.
Moldova explained the downwards adjustment of its HCFC baseline which resulted in a reduced funding level
for their HCFC phase-out management plan. Nevertheless, the efforts to harmonize the ODS legislation with the
European Union regulations are ongoing, the number of imported HCFC equipment is decreasing and that of
equipment using alternative refrigerants is rising.
Belarus is confident to meet the 90% reduction below their HCFC baseline consumption in 2015 partly due to
their strengthened ODS legislation which introduced bans in the import of ODS equipment / products, import
fees for ODS of USD 4.5 per kg, record-keeping for equipment with more than 3 kg refrigerant charge and
higher penalties including fines up to USD 5000 and prison sentences up-to 12 years. The import of disposable
refrigerant cylinders will be banned starting from 1 January 2016. The new ODS legislation was shared with the
new members of the EEU – Armenia and Kyrgyzstan.
The Belarussian RAC association “Microclimate & Cold” adjusted their approach to training refrigeration
experts after having visited the training facility at Centro Study Galileo in Italy providing practical and
theoretical training, assessment and certification under the European Union regulation on fluorinated
greenhouse gases (F-gases).
Azerbaijan completed a survey on ODS and alternatives in the foam sector in cooperation with GIZ and is
expecting the approval of a project. At the same time, they are facing challenges in terms of changes in staffing
and there is no RAC association or vocational training school which could support the training of RAC experts.
Russia informed that the criminal code might be applied in case of ODS smuggling resulting into fines and
prison sentences. The introduced new labelling and reporting requirements and highlighted the importance of
the informal Prior Informed Consent (iPIC) system.
The participants visited the premises of the Belarussian refrigeration association “Microclimate & Cold” and
became acquainted with their activities, publications, membership structure and statutes. Members of the
associations agree to comply with the code of conduct of the association and participate in the voluntary
certification for RAC companies. Such voluntary certification provides a competitive advantage when
participating in tenders. A mandatory 1-week training and certification is planned for RAC experts working in
the building sector. The “Microclimate & Cold” magazine might evolve into an online publication with
dedicated “Montreal Protocol” pages and be disseminated to interested experts in the ECA network countries.
The State Mechanics and Technology Vocational and Technical College of Belarus demonstrated their training
and laboratory facilities equipped with practical work stations and recovery & recycling equipment recently
purchased under the GEF-funded HCFC phase-out project. They are currently elaborating new training
standards and curricula.
Tajikistan intends to update their ODS legislation and recommended participants to visit the websites of the
Ministry of Environment, the RAC association “Artificial Cold” and the technical college. They have a
certification system for RAC experts in place and apply penalties in case they work without valid license.
Turkmenistan explained the downwards adjustment of their HCFC baseline which did not affect the funding
level for their HCFC phase-out management plan. However, since their institutional strengthening (IS) projects
has been incorporated into the HCFC phase-out management plan, the country is unlikely to benefit from the
25% increase in IS funding. A revised ODS legislation including bans on import / export of HCFC equipment
has been submitted to Parliament for approval and close cooperation has been established with the national
standardization committee. In addition, the National Ozone Unit is advising the organizers of the Asian Games
in 2017 on how to avoid the installation of HCFC-systems. They also briefed the participants on illegal imports
of R11, R22 and R404a which were originating from China, Iran and Turkey. These cases might be nominated
for the ECA Ozone Protection Award for Customs & Enforcement Officers.
Uzbekistan is also revising their ODS legislation and explained their regional approach to training RAC
technicians. The trainers are travelling to the regions to conduct the decentralized training locally. They
highlighted the importance of joint inspections by the environmental inspectors and the Ministry staff. The
country also seized 1020.4 kg of illegally imported R12 which is currently stored at customs and awaiting
destruction.
Ukraine informed about their cooperation with Belarus, Tajikistan and Centro Studi Galileo in Italy in terms of
technician training and their study tour to Belarus with customs officers. They expect to establish the recovery
& recycling center by end of 2015. There has also been evidence of illegal imports of R22 air-conditioning
(AC) systems which were mis-labelled as non-ODS such as R410a. In response, they improved their risk
profiling system for import of AC systems.
For the first time, UNEP’s branch on Sustainable Life Styles, Cities and Technologies presented the concept of
public procurement policies to promote environmentally sound technologies. The objective of such policies is to
develop criteria to evaluate tenders which go beyond the price and minimum quality requirements. The focus
should be on the most important goods and services procured in the public sector and air-conditioning, foam
insulation and fire-fighting systems in public buildings are relevant. Existing procurement systems need to be
amended accordingly. It was agreed to include this topic in the agenda of future network meetings.
At the end of the meeting, the results of the survey on the priorities of the ECA network were presented and
discussed. The participants confirmed that key priorities of the network include the annual network and
thematic meetings and the continued involvement the RAC experts in selected network activities. Some
countries emphasized that the cooperation with customs officers remains important.
The meeting was opened the Deputy Minister Mr. Igor Kachanovsky, Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environmental Protection of the Republic of Belarus who congratulated the participants to 30 years of
successful implementation of the Vienna Convention. The representatives of UNDP and UNEP OzonAction
welcomed the international participants and highlighted the importance of close cooperation, continued capacity
building and the important role of the RAC associations in training & certification. The meeting was organized
as part of the work programme of UNEP’s Regional Ozone Network for Europe & Central Asia in close
cooperation with the Ministry, the Belarussian refrigeration association “Microclimate & Cold”, UNDP and
UNIDO.
Contacts
Andrei Pilipchuk, Head of Department, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of
Belarus
Halvart Koeppen, Regional Network Coordinator (ECA), UNEP DTIE OzonAction, Compliance
Assistance Programme
10. Balkan Countries and Turkey on Track with the Phase-Out of OzoneDepleting HCFCs, Bucharest, Romania, 29 September -1 October 2015
Bucharest, Romania, 29 September 2015 - Montreal Protocol focal points and refrigeration & air-conditioning
(RAC) experts shared highlights, challenges and lessons learnt from the implementation of their respective
HCFC phase-out strategies.
Albania explained how they improved their legislation on ozone-depleting substance (ODS) and fluorinated
greenhouse gases (F-gases) in line with the requirements of the Montreal Protocol and in view of their future
accession to the European Union and highlighted their close cooperation with the RAC associations and the
vocational training institutes.
Bosnia and Herzegovina announced the creation of their national RAC association as part of the Chamber of
Commerce to support the phase-out of HCFCs and introduced a ban on the import products / equipment using
or containing HCFCs.
As a new member of the European Union, Croatia is the first country which completed its HCFC phase-out
project funded by the Multilateral Fund. For training purposes, they imported conditioning (AC) units using
hydrocarbons as refrigerant for their vocational training institutes. Their RAC expert also briefed the
participants on the results of a mapping study on the potential use of ground source heat pumps in Croatia.
Montenegro trained their environmental inspector on the identification of refrigerants to prevent illegal trade as
well as the verification of RAC systems that they comply with national legislation.
The Romanian General Refrigeration Association (AGFR) presented their training & certification activities and
explained their approach to certification of technicians in mobile air-conditioning (MAC) sector in line with the
European Union regulation EC 307/2008. Their certification specifies that it is valid for the MAC sector only
and which activities the certified technicians are allowed to execute. AGFR also highlighted the importance of
company certification and that certified companies must have a technical manager / supervisor and at least one
certified technician in order to purchase refrigerants (ozone-depleting substances (ODS) or fluorinated
greenhouse gases (F-gases). The only exception might be one-person companies which understandably cannot
afford in addition such technical manager / supervisor. According to AGFR’s certification regulation (RCAGFR), such a one-person company is to be certified for the categories III and IV for stationary refrigeration
and categories II or I for mobile air-conditioning systems.
Serbia reported two seizures of ODS at the Serbian border and incorporated the informal Prior Informed
Consent for imports of ODS and F-gases as a part of procedure of the licensing system. They also issue import
licenses for products / equipment containing or relying ODS as well as F-gases and might introduce quota / bans
for some products and/or equipment containing or relying on ODS. The Serbian RAC association KGH also
introduced the e-learning course on the F-gas regulation in Serbian language.
Turkey up-dated its ODS legislation and drafted a national F-gas regulation both of which are awaiting official
approval.
The Macedonian (FYR) delegation presented their approach to the registration of RAC equipment with more
than 3 kg refrigerant charge, equipment logbooks, labelling, leakage checking and training of equipment
owners, service technicians and environmental inspectors. They demonstrated the equipment database with
various report functions and the guide for equipment recording and labelling which is available from the
Ministry website. Penalties for non-compliance with the legal requirements as well as an online reporting
facility might be introduced in the future. The disposal of end-of-life RAC equipment remains a challenge to be
resolved.
The second meeting day started with a practical exercise on the drafting of an action plan to establish new
legislation on equipment labelling and logbooks. This was followed by technical site visits of Carrefour
Romania supermarkets with trans-critical carbon dioxide (CO2) refrigeration systems and the visit of Daikin
Romania facility to demonstrate the equipment labelling, logbook keeping and leak-testing of RAC systems
containing more than 3 kg refrigerant.
The last meeting day was dedicated to the concluding session of the ECA destruction project for ODS. The
participating countries Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Montenegro shareed the achievements and lessons
learnt. In addition, Turkey presented on the progress of its national ODS destruction project. For the first time,
there was a presentation on the establishment public procurement policies to promote environmentally sound
technologies.
The meeting was opened the Ms. Anne-Rose Marie Juganaru, State Secretary of the Ministry of Environment,
Waters and Forests of Romania who emphasized that despite the successful implementation of the Montreal
Protocol, a lot of concrete action is still required until the ozone layer will have recovered in the second half of
the century. The representatives of the Romanian General Refrigeration Association (AGFR), UNIDO and
UNEP OzonAction welcomed the international participants and highlighted the importance to close
cooperation, continued capacity building and the important role of the RAC associations in training &
certification. The meeting was organized as part of the work programme of UNEP’s Regional Ozone Network
for Europe & Central Asia in close cooperation with the Ministry, AGFR and UNIDO.
Contacts:
Gratiela Tarlea, President, Romanian General Association of Refrigeration (AGFR)
Claudia Dumitru, Waste and Hazardous Substances Management Unit, Ministry of Environment, Waters
and Forests of Romania
Halvart Koeppen, Regional Network Coordinator (ECA), UNEP DTIE OzonAction, Compliance
Assistance Programme
See also: Secretarul de Stat Anne JUGĂNARU a participat în această dimineată la Întâlnirea regională
pentru implementarea planurilor naționale conform Protocolului de la Montreal privind substanțele care
depreciază stratul de ozon, eveniment organizat de AGFR împreună cu MMAP
Invitation of Nominations for the ECA Ozone Protection Award for
Europe & Central Asia 2016 (4th edition)
The Europe & Central Asia (ECA) network is inviting the customs & enforcement community to submit
nominations for the 4th edition of the ECA Ozone Protection Award. It is a regional award for the ECA network
& associated CEIT countries as well as their trade partners. The award ceremony is scheduled in Ashgabat,
Turkmenistan in May 2016.
The nomination including a detailed description of the case, any evidence and photographs should be submitted
to Halvart Koeppen, UNEP DTIE OzonAction Programme, Email: halvart.koppen@unep.org using the
nomination form included in the info note on the seizures and iPIC, as soon as the information is available but at
the latest by 30 April 2016.
The ECA Ozone Protection Award for Customs & Enforcement Officers aims to provide incentive and
recognition to customs and enforcement officers and their respective organizations, who successfully prevented
illegal / unwanted trade of substances, equipment or products relevant for the implementation of the Montreal
Protocol. It contributes to raising awareness about the Montreal Protocol and promotes cooperation between
national customs services and ozone units.
Contact: Halvart Koeppen, Coordinator Europe & Central Asia, UNEP OzonAction Compliance
Assistance Programme
NORTH AMERICA
11. Obama Administration and Private-Sector Leaders
Announce Ambitious Commitments and Robust Progress
to Address Potent Greenhouse Gases – Fact Sheet
President Obama believes that no challenge poses a greater threat to future
generations than climate change, and his Administration is committed to taking
responsible steps to ensure that we leave our children a planet that is not
polluted or damaged. Today, the White House announced a suite of new private-sector commitments and
executive actions that will reduce the use and emissions of the potent greenhouse gases known as
hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). In addition, the White House recognized the robust progress that has been made
against the private-sector commitments and executive actions that were announced in September 2014 to
address HFCs. In the past year, a series of actions have been taken that will cut consumption of HFCs by the
equivalent of more than 100 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) through 2025. Moreover, the privatesector commitments and executive actions announced to-date will slash U.S. reliance on HFCs and reduce
cumulative global consumption of these greenhouse gases by the equivalent of more than 1 billion metric tons
of CO2 through 2025. This is equivalent to taking 210 million passenger vehicles off the road for a year.
HFCs are factory-made chemicals that are primarily used in air conditioning, refrigeration, and foam insulation,
and they can be up to 10,000 times more potent than carbon dioxide in contributing to climate change. Absent
ambitious action to limit their use, emissions of HFCs are expected to nearly triple in the U.S. by 2030.
When the President launched his Climate Action Plan, he pledged to reduce emissions of HFCs through both
domestic and international leadership. This past July, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
finalized a rule under the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program that will prohibit the use of
certain HFCs where safer and more climate-friendly alternatives are available. Simultaneously, EPA also listed
as acceptable additional climate-friendly alternatives in order to expand the options for businesses to use
chemicals that are less harmful to the environment.
As a complement to those regulatory measures, today’s commitments and progress demonstrate that U.S.
companies are at the cutting edge when it comes to developing the next generation of safe and cost-effective
alternatives to HFCs and also incorporating these alternatives into American cars, air conditioners, refrigerators,
foams, and other products. These announcements come from a diverse set of companies – including producers
of the chemicals, manufacturers of equipment that use HFCs, and end-users – which demonstrates that
companies throughout the HFC supply chain are stepping forward to phase out or phase down the use of HFCs
and transition to alternatives with lower global warming potential (GWP).
Today’s announcements also highlight U.S. leadership in addressing HFCs in advance of the Meeting of the
Parties to the Montreal Protocol in Dubai in two weeks (November 1-5). The U.S. has been working to
negotiate an amendment to the Montreal Protocol to phase down the production and consumption of HFCs
globally, and our bilateral announcements with China, India, Brazil, and others recognize the need to advance
progress on managing HFCs through the Montreal Protocol. With strong international action on HFCs, up to
0.5°C of warming could be avoided by the end of the century, substantially furthering our goal to limit global
temperature rise. […]
The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, 15 October 2015
See also: White House puts 'super pollutant' HFCs in crosshairs with new initiative, The Guardian, 15
October 2015
12. Proposed Refrigerant Management Rule Signed by EPA Administrator
USEPA Administrator Gina McCarthy signed “Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Update to the Refrigerant
Management Requirements under Section 608 of the Clean Air Act.” This proposed rule would more fully
implement the prohibition under section 608 of the Clean Air Act against knowingly venting, releasing or
disposing of ozone-depleting and substitute refrigerants by updating and then extending, as appropriate, the
existing requirements under section 608 that currently apply for ozone-depleting refrigerants to non-ozonedepleting substitute refrigerants, such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
A pre-publication version of the proposal and a fact sheet can be found at http://go.usa.gov/3SYMT
A press release describing the proposal, this year’s GreenChill award winners, and other announcements
from a White House HFC event can be found at http://go.usa.gov/3SYMm
A White House fact sheet describing the event can be found at http://go.usa.gov/3SYMA
WEST ASIA
13. Final Preparations for UAE’s MOP 27 Hosting
The Ministry of Environment and Water recently held a meeting to discuss the latest
updates on the UAE’s final preparations for the 27th Meeting of the Parties (MOP 27) to the
Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, which will convene from
November 1 to 5, 2015 at the Concorde Hotel, Dubai. H.E. Dr. Rashid Ahmed Bin Fahad,
Minister of Environment and Water, was briefed about the progress being made to ensure
the successful hosting of MOP 27 as well as a series of related international meetings set to
take place from October 28 to 31, 2015 in the emirate.
H.E. Bin Fahad said the UAE’s hosting of MOP 27 demonstrates the country’s commitment to the Vienna
Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, Montreal Protocol, and other regional and international
environmental agreements. He said the high-profile gathering will significantly boost the UAE’s pivotal role
in protecting the ozone layer. The Minister is confident that the meeting will produce important results to
bolster global efforts aimed at eliminating the use of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) by 2040. The
international gathering is also expected to find economical, environment-friendly and highly efficient
alternative energy resources for arid countries to reduce the effects of global warming and achieve their
respective sustainable development agendas.
Since joining the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol, H.E. Bin Fahad said the UAE has deployed
regulations to control the import and export of ozone-depleting substances (ODS). The Emirates also
successfully implemented the total ban on chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons in 2010 and HCFCs
in 2013. This year, it has already started the gradual reduction of ozone-harming chemicals by setting common
standards and limits for industrial companies using ODS, including the imported substances. The Minister
further commended the efforts of the private sector and the industry segment for their commitment to the
Montreal Protocol.
A delegation from the Ozone Secretariat of the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol made a four-day
visit to the UAE in early October of this year to look into the UAE’s logistics preparations and get updates on
the ongoing plans for the MOP 27. The delegates commended the progress made by the UAE to ensure the
event’s success.
Learn more about the MOP 27
AlBawaba, 25 October 2015
FEATURED
OZONE SECRETARIAT

Browse through the Ozone Secretariat “In Focus” to learn about latest updates.
This year marks the 30th anniversary of the Vienna Convention for the
Protection of the Ozone Layer, an important milestone in the protection of the
ozone layer. The theme for the celebration of the anniversary and this year’s
International Day for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer to be marked on 16
September is, “30 Years of Healing the Ozone Together.” The theme is
supported by the slogan, “Ozone: All there is between you and UV.”
The theme celebrates the collective efforts of the parties to the Vienna
Convention and the Montreal Protocol in protecting the ozone layer over the
past three decades, and the supporting slogan highlights the importance of the
ozone layer in protecting life on Earth from the harmful effects of UV
radiation.
As part of the commemorative activities, the Ozone Secretariat conducted a smart digital campaign that entails
the dissemination of powerful communications products such as interactive videos, animations, infographics,
posters and social media messages through various outlets to celebrate the many successes achieved under the
ozone protection regime over the past 30 years. ... Read More
Montreal Protocol Meetings Dates and Venues

Methyl Bromide Technical Options Committee 2014 Assessment Report

Medical Technical Options Committee 2014 Assessment Report
Progress & Quadrennial Assessment Reports:

Environmental Effect Assessment Panel (EEAP)

Scientific Assessment Panel (SAP)

Technology and Economic Assessment Panel (TEAP)
Halon Technical Options Committee Reports:

Halons Technical Options Committee 2014 Assessment Report (Volume 1)

Halons Technical Options Committee 2014 Supplementary Report #1 - Civil Aviation (Volume 2)

Halons Technical Options Committee 2014 Supplementary Report #2 - Global Halon 1211, 1301, and 2402
Banking (Volume 3)

Technical Note #1- Revision 4 - Fire Protection Alternatives to Halon - 2014

Technical Note #2 - Revision 2 - Halon Emission Reduction Strategies - 2014

Technical Note #3 - Revision 2 - Explosion Protection - Halon Use and Alternatives - 2014

Technical Note #4 - Recommend Practices for Recycling Halon and Halocarbon Alternatives - 2014

Technical Note #5 - Halon Destruction - 2014
THE MULTILATERAL FUND FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MONTREAL
PROTOCOL
The Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund 74th meeting took place in
Montreal, Canada, 18 - 22 May 2015. The related documents are available here
The 75th meeting of the Executive Committee is scheduled to take place in Montreal, Canada from
16 to 2 November 2015 and the 76th meeting in Montreal from 9 to 13 May 2016.
Learn more
OZONACTION
UNEP, OzonAction highlights
New Publications Launched by OzonAction During the OEWG-36:
THE MONTREAL PROTOCOL AND HUMAN HEALTH - This booklet summarizes how the successful
implementation of the Montreal Protocol has protected human health. It describes how ozone depletion would
have led to increases in UV radiation and, based on current understanding of the mechanisms by which UV
affects biological processes, how that would have led to a dramatic increase in skin cancers, cataracts and affected
human health in other ways. It also covers recent progress in understanding the ‘World Avoided’ – that is the
world we would have lived in without a successful Montreal Protocol. Read/Download
FINANCING THE CLIMATE CO-BENEFITS OF THE HCFC PHASE-OUT - A guide for Low Volume
Consuming Countries - Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) are being phased out worldwide under the Montreal
Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The Parties to this treaty encouraged countries to promote
the selection of alternatives to HCFCs that minimise environmental impacts, in particular impacts on climate. The
Protocol’s Multilateral Fund encourages developing countries to explore potential financial incentives and
opportunities for additional resources to maximise the environmental benefits from HCFC Phase out Management Plans
(HPMPs). This booklet explains how Ozone Officers in low volume consuming countries can explore such opportunities
for climate co-benefits. Read/Download in English | French | Spanish
INFORMAL PRIOR-INFORMED CONSENT (iPIC) - Supporting Compliance Through prevention of Illegal
and Unwanted Trade in ODS - The ‘informal Prior-Informed Consent’ (iPIC) mechanism was launched in 2006
by the UNEP DTIE OzonAction as part of its work in providing assistance to developing countries to fulfil their
commitments under the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. This initiative was
developed in order to better manage trade in ozone depleting substances (ODS) that are controlled under the
Protocol. iPIC has become a global voluntary initiative used by 113 like-minded states who wish to strengthen the
implementation of their national licensing system for ozone depleting substances (ODS). In 2014, of the reported 141 iPIC
consultations, 68% resulted in approved trade amounting to 2,257 metric tonnes of ODS. Rejections or cancellations of
requests following iPIC consultations prevented unwanted trade in more than 545 metric tonnes of ODS including
hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) and halons. More recently iPIC is also being used to screen shipments of
hydrofluorocarbons (HFC), which are not ODS. This short booklet briefly describes how the iPIC system works and its
advantages, it provides some information on results and successes from iPIC in 2014 and encourages countries which are
not yet members to join and to begin to reap the benefits of this initiative. Read/Download
SAFE USE OF HCFC ALTERNATIVES IN REFRIGERATION AND AIR CONDITIONING - An Overview
for Developing Countries - Many of the alternative refrigerants to hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) have
particular characteristics in terms of toxicity, flammability and high pressure which are different from those used
previously. It is therefore important that the refrigeration and air-conditioning industry adapts to both the
technical and safety issues concerning these refrigerants. This publication provides an overview of the
alternatives, their general characteristics and their application in the context of the safety issues. It provides guidance for
National Ozone Units (NOUs) and other interested parties in developing countries on how they can advise and assist their
national stakeholders in the selection and implementation of alternative refrigerants. Read/Download
PHASING-OUT HCFCS IN SMALL AND MEDIUM-SIZED ENTERPRISES - This booklet aims to assist foam
enterprises, especially SMEs, to better understand policies on HCFC phase-out, access to assistance from the
Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal Protocol and access alternative technologies in different
foam applications taking into account challenges in converting to alternative technology. It also discusses some
tips on how to identify enterprises that may use HCFCs and verify the HCFCs consumption of enterprises.
Read/Download
INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS IN REFRIGERATION AND AIR-CONDITIONING - This guide provides
an introduction and simple overview of the issues related to international standards in the refrigeration and airconditioning sector and how they can be useful in the context of the phase-out of hydrochlorofluorocarbons
(HCFCs) in developing countries as required by the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone
Layer. Read/Download in English | French | Spanish
UNEP, OzonAction, July 2015
Other recently Launched Publications:
Guide on Good Practices: Phasing out HCFCs in
the Refrigeration and Air-conditioning Servicing
Sector -
Phasing out HCFCs in Small and Medium-sized Foam
Enterprises
Publications/ Factsheets Launched During MOP-26:
Financing the Climate Co-benefits of the HCFC Phase-out
UNEP OzonAction CAP Achievements 2014
OzonAction Special Issue 2014: New Responsibilities under the HCFC Phase-out
Demonstrating the feasibility of
R-290 based AC
manufacturing: China’s Midea
and Meizhi case
Low-GWP Alternative for
Small Rigid PU Foam Enterprises
Learn more about
OzonAction publications
and events throughout the
MOP-26
EVENTS
2015
Indian Cold Chain Expo, 17- 18 November 2015, Zirakpur, Chandigarh, India, India’s first
Refrigerated Warehousing, Cold Storage Construction, Refrigerated Logistics and Refrigerated
Transportation Event.
Salon Energies Froid, 2 - 3 Décembre 2015, Nantes, France.
India Cold Chain Show 2015 Conference (ICCS), 16 - 18 December 2015, Goregaon (east),
Mumbai, is the leading exhibition and conference for cold chain, cold logistics, temperature
controlling, refrigeration, storage, distribution and cold supply chain sectors...
View details | are you attending?
2016
Aqua-therm Prague, 1 - 4 March 2016, Prague, Czech Republic, 21st International Trade Fair
for Heating, Ventilation, Air Conditioning, Measuring, Regulation, Sanitary and Environmental
Technology
Call for speakers AIRAH’s Solar Heating and Cooling Workshop, 17 March 2016, Melbourne,
Australia
12th Fumigants & Pheromones Conference, 6-9 March 2016, Adelaide, Australia
China Refrigeration, Trade Fair, 7- 9 April 2016, Beijing, Republic of China
ATMOsphere Europe 2016, 19 - 20 April 2016 at the Crowne Plaza Barcelona Fira Center in Barcelona, Spain
Call for Papers 2016 Purdue Conferences Refrigeration and Air Conditioning,
Compressor Engineering, High Performance Buildings, 11-14 July 2016, West Lafayette,
Indiana, USA
12th IIR Gustav Lorentzen Natural Working Fluids Conference, 21 - 24 August 2016,
Edinburgh, Scotland. World experts gather in Edinburgh to discuss the future of natural
working fluid…
READING
Twenty Questions and Answers About the Ozone Layer, presents complex science
in a straightforward manner. It complements the 2014 Scientific Assessment Report
of Ozone Depletion by WMO and the U.N. Environment Programme.
Reducing global health risks through mitigation of short-lived climate pollutants
WMO Antarctic Ozone 2015 Bulletins - The World Meteorological Organization
Secretariat issues bulletins containing information on the state of the ozone layer in
the Antarctic at roughly two week intervals from August to November. The bulletins
are based on data provided by WMO Members which operate ozone monitoring
stations in the southern hemisphere and satellites to observe ozone globally.
The EU F-Gas Regulation Handbook, a free online resource for climate media and
other concerned parties, just published by the London-based Environmental
Investigation Agency (EIA).
Alternative
Refrigerant
Evaluation
for
High-Ambient-Temperature
Environments: R-22 and R-410A Alternatives for Mini-Split Air Conditioners
GUIDE+ Directory of Natural Refrigerant Businesses in China 2015, detailing
the activity of over 200 companies in China by province. The publication is a
supplement to shecco's 'GUIDE to Natural Refrigerants in China - State of the
Industry 2015', launched in May, 2015. The GUIDE+ Directory includes: Business
Heat Map showing the distribution of 201 companies across China by province. A
brief analysis about the Chinese market complements the map Listing of 201
companies active in offering and advancing natural refrigerants-based solutions, incl.
contact information (address, URL, phone, email), natural refrigerants used, areas of
activity.
AREA Guidance on minimum requirements for contractors’ training &
certification on low GWP Refrigerants - AREA has updated its Guidance on
minimum requirements for contractors’ training & certification on low GWP
Refrigerants. The revision includes an Annex II, which lists training facilities in
AREA countries. The list provides website addresses and information on the type of
training (theoretical and/or practical) by type of low GWP refrigerant.
Free guide to F-gas changes The European contractors association AREA has
produced a timely guide to the F-gas regulations which clarifies the new rules, their
impact and their practical application…Read more
The recent Alternatives to HCFCs/HFCs in developing countries with a focus on
high ambient temperatures” study carried out by Öko-Recherche for the European
Commission stresses that the refrigerant and blowing agent demand is expected to
triple by 2030 in developing countries as a result of economic growth. A sector by
sector analysis shows that a climate-friendly replacement for current and future of
HCFCs and high GWP HFCs is possible in most applications …
Primer on Hydrofluorocarbons, Fast action under the Montreal Protocol
can limit growth of HFCs, prevent up to 100 billion tonnes of CO2-eq emissions by
2050, and avoid up to 0.5°C of warming by 2100. IGSD, January 2014, Lead authors:
Durwood Zaelke, Nathan Borgford-Parnell, and Danielle Fest Grabiel. Contributing
authors: Stephen O. Andersen, Xiaopu Sun, Dennis Clare, Yuzhe Peng Ling, and
Alex Milgroom.
Flammable Refrigerants Safety Guide, AIRAH - Many of the refrigerants
traditionally used in refrigeration and air conditioning systems in Australia have been
non-flammable, non-toxic, synthetic greenhouse gases (SGGs) that have a high
global warming potential (GWP). These were typically synthetic refrigerants
including CFCs, HCFCs and HFCs. Due to the growing national and international
concern regarding the resulting atmospheric effects of SGGs, the use of alternative
low GWP refrigerants is increasing. …
Recent Trends in Global Emissions of Hydrochlorofluorocarbons and
Hydrofluorocarbons: Reflecting on the 2007 Adjustments to the Montreal
Protocol. S. A. Montzka *†, M. McFarland ‡, S. O. Andersen §, B. R. Miller †∥, D. W. Fahey †, B. D.
Hall †, L. Hu †∥, C. Siso †∥, and J. W. Elkins †
† Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States ‡ DuPont Chemicals &
Fluoroproducts, Wilmington, Delaware 19805, United States § Institute for Governance & Sustainable Development, Washington, D.C. 20007, United
States∥ Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
Geothermal Heating and Cooling: Design of Ground-Source Heat Pump
Systems- ASHRAE
Principles of Heating, Ventilating and Air-Conditioning, 7th Ed. ASHRAE
A first edition, the IIR guide “CO2 as a Refrigerant” highlights the application of
carbon dioxide in supermarkets, industrial freezers, refrigerated transport, and cold
stores as well as ice rinks, chillers, air conditioning systems, data centers and heat
pumps. This guide is for design and development engineers needing instruction and
inspiration as well as non-technical experts seeking background information on a
specific topic. Publication, IIR Technical Guide, 2014.
GUIDE to Natural Refrigerants in China - State of the Industry 2015 - Launched
by shecco - is the first-ever in-depth report on the use of natural refrigerants - carbon
dioxide (CO2), hydrocarbons (HCs), ammonia (NH3), water (H2O) and air - in China.
The GUIDE done in collaboration with the Chinese Association of Refrigeration
(CAR) identifies market trends, business opportunities, policy drivers, and outlines
suitable applications for natural refrigerants in the country’s cooling, heating and
refrigeration sectors…
Chlorofluorocarbon
2014 – 2020
Market:
Global
Industry
Analysis
and
Forecast
Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Market – Global Size, Share, Industry Segments
Analysis and Forecast to 2020, by Persistence Market Research
New Theories and Predictions on the Ozone Hole and Climate Change,
Author: Qing-Bin Lu, University of Waterloo, Canada
Making History: Negotiating a Global Agreement on HFCs under the Montreal
Protocol, analysing the current amendment proposals for an HFC phase-down. A
report launched by the Environmental Investigation Agency (EIA) during the recent
OEWG 36.
Research Report on Cold Chain Logistics Industry in China, 2014-2018
Air-Conditioning, Heating, and Refrigeration Institute (AHRI) Low-GWP Alternative
Refrigerants Evaluation Program (Low-GWP AREP) - TEST REPORT #44 System
Drop-in Tests of Refrigerant R-32 in Single Packaged Vertical Heat Pump
(SPVH)
FREE HVAC Optimisation Guide released by AIRAH and the NSW Office of
Environment & Heritage outlines 20 HVAC optimisation strategies and how they can
be applied to the vast majority of commercial systems, both in older and modern
buildings…
MISCELLANEOUS
Sustainable development quiz: what do you know about the global goals?
ARB releases plan to slash short-lived climate pollutants - Reductions of potent heat-trapping gases will deliver
health and economic benefits …
CFC Practice Exam (100 Questions) – A 100 Questions quiz produced to test knowledge of safe
refrigerant handling and EPA regulations regarding the HVAC industry.
The Montreal Protocol Who's Who
See the latest nominations /
Nominate Ozone Layer Protection Champion
From Your Country /Region >>
http://www.unep.fr/ozonaction/montrealprotocolwhoswho
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Montreal Protocol community. Since its inception in January
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Protocol, to stimulate discussion and promote cooperation in
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exception of items written by UNEP and occasional
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The views expressed in articles written by external authors are
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