Kompetenzzentren:
Tourismus und Verkehr
Regionalwirtschaft
Öffentliches Management
Dufourstrasse 40a
CH-9000 St.Gallen
Fon +41(71)224-2525
Fax +41(71)224-2536
http://www.idt.unisg.ch
Travel Market
Switzerland 2004
Basic Report and
Database Specification
Prof. Dr. Thomas Bieger
Prof. Dr. Christian Laesser
St. Gallen, May 2005
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
2
Contents
1
Abstract
6
2
General Overview
7
3
Results
3.1
Travel propensities overview: On the brink of decline, with growth
terminated
11
Travel ratios by socio-demographics: It is the older, well educated
and well off who travel
14
3.3
Duration of trips: 2 weeks trips loosing to shorter and longer trips
16
3.4
Choice of destination: Almost 90% of all trips go to Europe
18
3.5
Time of Travel: Trend of summer losing to spring and fall continues
20
3.6
Motivation: Gaining Time and Personal Relations in an Intact
Landscape
21
3.7
Type of Trip: Are classical beach vacations replaced by wellness trips?
23
3.8
Sources of information The WWW definitely takes over
25
3.9
Travel Organization: An increasing number of travellers become their
own tour operator
26
3.2
4
5
6
11
3.10 Modes of transportation: Cars and planes dominate
27
3.11 Type of Accommodation: Top hotels are on the rise
29
3.12 Holiday Homes: An underestimated type of accommodation
30
Market segmentation by motivation: Results of 1998 research
revisited
31
4.1
Introduction
31
4.2
Results
32
4.3
Discussion
36
4.4
Conclusions and implications
39
Overview over literature on the Swiss travel market by the
authors of this report
41
Variable Sets
43
6.1
Introductory Remarks
43
6.2
Households and person data (TMCH2004_Household_Persons.sav)
45
6.3
Travel file (TMCH2004_Travel_Persons.sav)
59
6.4
Destination and accommodation coding
86
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
3
Figures
Figure 1:
Key travel ratios
11
Figure 2:
Net travel propensity with regard to trips with 4+ overnight stays
12
Figure 3:
Gross travel propensity by WEMF region
13
Figure 4:
Gross travel propensity by type and size of municipality
(agglomerated)
13
Figure 5:
Gross travel propensity by size of household
14
Figure 6:
Duration of trips (1+ overnight stays)
16
Figure 7:
Duration of trips (4+ overnight stays)
17
Figure 8:
Choice of destination (1+ overnight stays)
18
Figure 9:
Choice of destination (4+ overnight stays)
19
Figure 10:
Month of departure (1+overnight stays)
20
Figure 11:
Travel motivation (1+ overnight stay)
21
Figure 12:
Travel motivation (1+ overnight stay; new extended item battery)
22
Figure 13:
Types of trips (share of cases 1+ overnight stays)
23
Figure 14:
Types of trips (share of entries 1+ overnight stays)
24
Figure 15:
Importance of sources of information before the trip decision
25
Figure 16:
Travel organisation (1+ overnight stays)
26
Figure 17:
Means of transportation to destination (1+ overnight stays)
27
Figure 18:
Means of transportation to destination (4+ overnight stays)
27
Figure 19:
Type of accommodation at destination (1+ overnight stays)
29
Figure 20:
Level of data and their suitability for travel behaviour analysis
43
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Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
4
Tables
Table 1:
Household size structure
9
Table 2:
Households: WEMF region
9
Table 3:
Persons: Population agglomerated
10
Table 4:
Persons: Gender
10
Table 5:
Persons: Age
10
Table 6:
Key travel ratios with regard to trips with 1+ overnight stays
12
Table 7:
2004 Travel ratios by socio-demographics
15
Table 8:
Distribution of duration of trips (1+ overnight stays):
Differentiation between domestic and abroad
16
Table 9:
Holiday homes: Selling and buying intentions
30
Table 10:
Final cluster centres
32
Table 11:
Demographic profile of the 4 clusters
34
Table 12:
Travel profile of the 4 clusters
35
Table 13:
Summary table (demographic and travel profile
37
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Abbreviations
ANZMAC
Australian New Zealand Marketing Academy
Cf.
confer, compare
E.g.
for example (exempli gratia)
CHF
Swiss Francs
VAR
variable
VFR
visiting friends and relatives (type of trip)
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
5
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
1
6
Abstract
In 2004, for the 16th time since 1972, a survey on the travel behaviour of the Swiss population
was conducted. The database resulting from this project (Travel Market Switzerland 2004) is
still the most extensive one on private trips of the Swiss population.
This
•
•
•
report gives an overview on
Method/ procedure of data collection (cf. chapter 2), and
Results (cf. chapter 3).
Furthermore, 1998 research on the clustering of travel situations based on motivation
factors was replicated as part of this report (Market segmentation by motivation: results
of 1998 research revisited). Please refer to chapter 4.
• To give insight into previous publications on Travel Market Switzerland, we made a
compilation of all related papers published by the authors of this report; please refer to
chapter 5.
• Finally, a list of all currently available variables gives an impression of data available for
research (cf. chapter 6).
A first descriptive analysis - presented in chapter 2 of this report - has shown, that with
regard to
• Travel propensities, Switzerland is potentially on the brink of stagnation or even
decline.
• The duration of trips, 2 week trips are increasingly replaced either by trips shorter than
1 week or longer than 2-3 weeks.
• The choice of destination, Switzerland remains the favourite destination, even with
market shares continuously declining.
• The month of departure, July remains the strongest month, followed by October and
September. The trend of the summer losing shares in favour of spring and fall continues,
with fall being the primary beneficiary this year.
• Types of trips, the fostering of social ties remains predominant (33% can be characterized by this determination); however, travellers tend to increasingly combine different
types of trips.
• Travel motivation, experience of landscape and nature, get away from it all, rest and
relaxation as well as time related issues are among the most prominent ones. A replication of an earlier study has revealed, that they are still 4 clusters of travel motives, ranging from Rest and Relaxation (34.5%), Family Holiday (34.7%), Curious Hedonism
(21.9%) to Social Matters (8.9%). However, clusters with push orientation outweigh the
ones with pull orientation, signalling an increasing market maturity.
• Sources of information, internet/ WWW has seized one of the most prominent positions in terms of importance. Only friends and relatives prove to be an even slightly
more important source of information when it comes to travelling. In contrast, all print
sources have lost significant shares.
• Modes of transport, cars and planes still dominate more than ever; however, the share
of trains has now been stabilised at around 14%.
• Type of accommodation, the hotel industry in general and 4-star and 5-star hotels in
particular have been consistently gaining market shares, whereas one star hotels tended
to lose towards the 2nd home industry. Holiday homes are still a favourite, as approximately 20% of all Swiss households either own one or have privileged access to one;
generating an overall 39 million overnight stays.
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
2
General Overview
Delimitation
Private Trips:
Private trips are defined/ delimited as all journeys by private
persons with at least one overnight stay outside their home and
away from everyday life. They include all leisure reasons. So,
when talking about private trips, one does not only talk about
vacations, holidays, fun, leisure trips, but also about visiting friends
and relatives, weekend trips, study tours, etc. (always including at
least one overnight stay).
Method:
The data collection took place by means of self-administrated and
structured written diary like interviews with a preselected number
of households and all their members, surveying all their private
trips. For that purpose, the participants were contacted 4 times
during 2004, reminding them of turning in their completed
questionnaires. For the first time, the option was offered to
complete those questionnaires either on paper (print version) or
online (Internet survey). Consequently, 31% of all trips were
recorded online.
Sampling:
All interviews stem from a representative sample of households,
located in the German- and French-speaking part of Switzerland
(consumer jury by IHA.GfK).
Size of sample
(non weighted)
The non-weighted sample consists of
- 1,540 households, including
- 4,081 persons, of which a large proportion undertook an overall
- 7,611 trips and
- 11,245 person trips (weighted per number of part.) respectively
Weighting:
The cases are weighted according to size of household, WEMF
region, size of municipality (agglomerated, gender, and age (cf.
Table 1 to Table 5 respectively). We have refrained from the
weighting of further demographic coefficients (due to the quality of
the sample and the missing relevance with regard to their determining influence). The total number of cases remains unchanged
(internal weighting only).
Representation:
The database is representative of 95% of Swiss and approximately
50% of foreign (assimilated) citizens in the German- and Frenchspeaking areas of Switzerland, i.e. for approximately
• 5.485 million Swiss citizens
• 0.714 million foreign citizens
• 6.199 million population in total
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7
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Extrapolation
of results:
(with regard to the
universe represented)
8
Based on the weighted data of 3'876 persons the extrapolation
coefficient for the weighted sample of 7'611 trips (with trip = 1
person taking 1 trip) person trips amounts to 1.599 (12.170 million
person trips).
For survey technical reasons, persons in collective households were
not registered. Persons older than 80 are underrepresented. Most of
foreign citizens in the survey come from the neighbouring countries
of Switzerland. Trips with a regular and homogeneous repetition
rate (for example to own holiday homes) are underrepresented (for
a complete corresponding list, please refer to the limitations
section).
Error terms:
With reference to results and their extrapolation, the sampling
allows for the calculation of confidence margins. Those depend on
the size of the sample and the distribution of results.
The error term for a 95%-significance level can be calculated by
means of the following formula:
p̂ ⋅ (1 − p)
N
ε: Standard Error Term
p: Share/ percentage of answers
N: Number of cases in sample
ε = p̂ ± 1.96
with
Limitations:
Due to the method chosen in general and consequently with regard
to the total number of trips, the following limitations have to be
taken into account: Comparisons with comparable data of the
federal census on the basis of the gross travel intensity show that in
Travel Market Switzerland, approximately 20% of all trips taken
have not been recorded. Among those trips are – with high
probability and depending on their degree of frequency – trips to
people's own holiday homes and trips to Switzerland and
neighbouring countries (with a high correlation between Switzerland and the location of holiday homes).
The differences reveal the widely discussed problem with regard to
the delimitation of tourism: Are frequent trips to people's own
holiday homes part of tourism activity or part of their daily living?
Thus, when it comes to the absolute extrapolation of data, there is
likely to be a systematic underestimation.
Work basis:
(Data basis)
The data is provided by means of 3 databases:
• Household data (TMCH2004_Household.sav), with case =
household
• Households and persons data
(TMCH2004_household_person.sav), with case = person
within a given household
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9
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
• Travel data (TMCH2004_Travel_Persons.sav), with case = 1
person trip
The variable sets are described in Chapter 6.
Approximate
price of Data:
Generally, the price of data is subject to negotiations. Nevertheless,
the approximate basis for the calculation is as follows:
• Prep Fee: CHF 500
Data Fee: CHF 0.013 per case per variable
• Data usage is only permitted inside a given organization. The
publication of data and data derivatives (such as deductive
and inductive results of data analysis) is strictly forbidden.
Possible terms of any publication (of and by whatsoever
means) are subject to special negotiations.
Citation (compulsory
upon publication):
Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2005): Travel Market Switzerland – Basic
Report and Database Specification, St. Gallen: Institute for Public
Services and Tourism.
The following tables give an overview of data specifics with regard to weighting. The figures
of Travel Market Switzerland are compared with those of the federal census, deriving a
corresponding singular weighting factor.
Table 1:
Household size structure
Group
Federal
Census
Travel
Market
Switzerland
Weighting
Factor
Share of households with 1 person
35.2%
12.9%
2.73
Share of households with 2 persons
32.8%
35.4%
0.93
Share of households with 3 persons
14.2%
16.7%
0.85
Share of households with 4 persons
12.7%
25.3%
0.50
5.1%
9.7%
0.53
Federal
Census
Travel
Market
Switzerland
Weighting
Factor
Suisse romande
23.6%
20.9%
1.13
Alps and prealpine areas
22.1%
24.7%
0.89
Western Midlands
22.4%
25.0%
0.90
Eastern Midlands
27.4%
29.4%
0.93
Share of households with 5 and more persons
Source:
GfK Vademecum (2004); Database Travel Market Switzerland
Table 2:
Households: WEMF region
Group
Source:
GfK Vademecum (2004); Database Travel Market Switzerland
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10
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Table 3:
Persons: Population agglomerated
Group
Federal
Census
Travel
Market
Switzerland
Weighting
Factor
Agglomeration; population of > 200,000
33.3%
34.0%
0.98
Agglomeration; population of 50,000 – 199,999
19.7%
26.1%
0.75
Agglomeration; population of 20,000 – 49,999
12.3%
10.0%
1.23
Agglomeration; population of 10,000 – 19,999
1.9%
1.5%
1.27
Municipality; population of 5,000 – 9,999
4.7%
4.8%
0.98
Municipality; population of 2,000 – 4,999
11.5%
10.0%
1.15
Municipality; population of 1,000 – 1,999
7.5%
6.8%
1.10
Municipality; population of < 1,000
9.1%
6.8%
1.34
Federal
Census
Travel
Market
Switzerland
Weighting
Factor
male
48.8%
49.7%
0.98
female
51.2%
50.3%
1.01
Federal
Census
Travel
Market
Switzerland
Weighting
Factor
< 5 years
5.3%
4.4%
1.20
5-14 years
11.7%
14.9%
0.78
15-24 years
11.8%
11.0%
1.07
25-34 years
13.5%
8.6%
1.56
35-44 years
16.4%
19.7%
0.83
45-54 years
15.4%
16.7%
0.92
55-64 years
11.7%
14.2%
0.82
> 64 years
14.2%
10.6%
1.34
Source:
GfK Vademecum (2004); Database Travel Market Switzerland
Table 4:
Persons: Gender
Group
Source:
GfK Vademecum (2004); Database Travel Market Switzerland
Table 5:
Persons: Age
Group
Source:
GfK Vademecum (2004); Database Travel Market Switzerland
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11
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
3
Results
In this section, a selection of results is presented. The unit of analysis is person trip (i.e. one
person taking one trip).
3.1
Travel propensities overview:
On the brink of decline, with growth terminated
Switzerland still belongs to a group of countries with comparably high travel propensities. In
general, however, a consolidation can be observed: over the past few years, all key travel
ratios have remained more or less stable or tend to decline.
Figure 1:
Key travel ratios
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
1990
1992
Net travel propensity (4+ nights)
1995
1998
Net travel propensity (1+ nights)
2001
2004
Multiple travel frequency (1+ nights)
In detail, net travel propensity has reached
• 70% with regard to trips with 4 or more nights (decreasing from 83% in 1990; cf. Figure
1 and from 75% in the eighties; cf. Figure 2 for the long term perspective);
• 77% with regard to trips with 1 or more nights (slightly decreasing from 79% in 1995; cf.
Table 6).
Growth starts to reach its limits, as multiple travel frequency and travel frequency are
declining. Overall, this results in a decline of gross travel propensity as well.
Four possible explanations for that development can be brought forward (all based on data of
this survey):
• Delimitation of trip: Due to an enlargement of people's personal environment (growing distances between workplace and residence, combined with a rise in commuting
time, multiple residences per household), an increasing number of trips are not interpreted as private trips anymore (but rather as an activity in the regular life environment);
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
12
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
• A consolidation of a two-thirds-society can be observed, with an increasing share of
persons having no or not sufficient financial resources (17%, up from 13 % in 2001) and
another part having no time or not enough time to travel (27% of all non-travellers bring
forward job-related reasons and time restrictions as reason not to travel; this number is
up from 16% in 2001!).
• With the increasing age of the population, a third major reason not to travel is health
related (10%).
• Finally, 10% of all non-travellers state that they are not interested in travelling.
Figure 2:
Net travel propensity with regard to trips with 4+ overnight stays
90%
85%
80%
75%
70%
65%
60%
55%
50%
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1990
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
Net travel propensity (4+ nights)
Gross travel intensity, in particular, still varies a great deal:
• For reasons of income and general living conditions, the German-speaking population in general and people living in cities in particular generate a higher number of
trips than French-speaking areas of the country and people living in the mountains and
in the countryside.
• For reasons of greater flexibility and generally higher per-capita incomes, smaller
households generate a comparably higher number of trips than larger households.
Table 6:
Key travel ratios with regard to trips with 1+ overnight stays
1995
1998
2001
2004
Net travel propensity
= share of population with at least 1 trip
79%
84%
77%
77%
Multiple travel frequency
=share of travellers with more than 1 trip in % of all travellers
72%
70%
73%
68%
Gross travel propensity
= number of trips per 100 persons
225
232
218
195
Travel frequency
= mean number of trips per travelling person
2.85
2.77
2.83
2.53
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13
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Figure 3:
Gross travel propensity by WEMF region
WEMF Region
French-speaking
Switzerland (Suisse
romande)
Alps, prealpine areas
Western Midlands
Eastern Midlands
0%
50%
100%
150%
2001
Size of municipality (agglomerated)
Figure 4:
200%
250%
2004
Gross travel propensity by type and size of municipality
(agglomerated)
Agglo. with population
=> 200'000
Agglo. with population
50'000 - 199'999
Agglo. with population
20'000 - 49'999
Agglo. with population
10'000 - 19'999
Mun. with population
5'000 - 9'999
Mun. with population
2'000 - 4'999
Mun. with population
1'000 - 1'999
Mun. with population <
1'000
0%
50%
100%
150%
2001
200%
2004
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
250%
300%
14
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Figure 5:
Gross travel propensity by size of household
1 person
Size of household
2 persons
3 persons
4 persons
5 persons
6 persons
0%
50%
100%
150%
2001
200%
250%
300%
2004
Along the timeline 2001-2004 one can observe however that in mid- and small size agglomerations/ communities gross travel propensity has increased as opposed to large agglomeration
where a relative decline has taken place. The difference with regard to the generating of trips
between cultural boundaries, as represented by the WEMF regions, has remained constant,
with all regions encountering small declines in gross travel propensities.
3.2
Travel ratios by socio-demographics:
It is the older, well educated and well off who travel
Table 7 gives an overview over travel ratios by socio-demographics for trip duration 1+ and 4+
overnight stays. Among the groups with the highest travel propensities are persons aged 35
and older, the well to highly educated, persons working in managerial positions as well as
commercial and technical employees. Not surprisingly, pensioners heavily participate in travel,
too. In contrast, persons committed to an own business (i.e. SME owners and managers, free
professions such as lawyers and medical doctors, farmers) as well as persons having below
average earnings (such as apprentices, workers, etc.) tend to participate in travel less often
than average. Furthermore, travel frequency of SME owners and managers is particularly low
with regard to trips lasting 4 nights and longer.
Assuming that the share of persons employed in free profession or portfolio work situations is
increasing, one can expect a further decrease in overall travel propensities. Hence, the reasons
discussed before on why people do not travel are somewhat supported by these results.
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15
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Table 7:
2004 Travel ratios by socio-demographics
Socio-demographic dimension
Net travel
propensity
1+ nights
Multiple
travel
frequency
1+ nights
Net travel
propensity
4+ nights
Multiple
travel
frequency
4+ nights
Gender
- male
- female
77%
78%
67%
69%
70%
71%
55%
55%
Age group
- less than 5 years
- 5-14 years
- 15-24 years
- 25-34 years
- 35-44 years
- 45-54 years
- 55-64 years
- 65+ years
65%
76%
60%
71%
80%
83%
86%
82%
55%
65%
56%
60%
72%
70%
71%
76%
60%
72%
56%
62%
74%
74%
77%
72%
44%
51%
47%
45%
54%
60%
58%
69%
Size of household
- 1 person
- 2 persons
- 3 persons
- 4 persons
- 5 persons
81%
87%
77%
77%
71%
67%
76%
71%
70%
63%
67%
78%
69%
71%
65%
56%
69%
54%
58%
45%
Highest completed education
- compulsory schooling
- Apprenticeship/ vocational school
- Vocational graduation
- Middle school/ High school
- Vocational master diploma
- Technical school
- Higher technical school
- University of applied sciences
- University
- other
69%
79%
68%
80%
81%
83%
84%
81%
81%
72%
58%
70%
64%
71%
68%
70%
70%
77%
71%
61%
62%
71%
65%
73%
72%
73%
79%
75%
74%
67%
47%
58%
55%
58%
50%
50%
60%
63%
59%
51%
Profession
- CEO/ Top Mgmt/ Chief publ. serv.
- SME director/ executive/ owner
- Farmer
- Free profession (lawyer, MD, etc.)
- Middle management
- Commercial/ technical employee
- Worker
- Pensioner
- Housework
- Unemployed, looking for job
- In apprenticeship
- In middle school
- Student at university
- none of the above
- In military service
- other
90%
77%
56%
71%
82%
81%
68%
83%
82%
70%
57%
81%
61%
75%
62%
67%
73%
65%
56%
58%
72%
70%
58%
79%
69%
49%
59%
66%
56%
65%
75%
59%
82%
72%
38%
63%
76%
73%
59%
74%
74%
59%
52%
76%
53%
72%
62%
62%
66%
45%
25%
46%
59%
57%
46%
69%
53%
38%
52%
25%
50%
52%
50%
46%
Please note:
bold denotes values higher than the median across all levels within an attribute/
dimension.
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16
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
3.3
Duration of trips:
2 weeks trips loosing to shorter and longer trips
Figure 6:
Duration of trips (1+ overnight stays)
Shares w/r to duration of trips
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1998
2001
2004
Year
1 overnight stay
8-14 overnight stays
2-3 overnight stays
15-21 overnight stays
4-7 overnight stays
more than 21 overnight stays
Over the past 7-8 years, the duration of trips has remained more or less stable. The statement
in the 2001 Travel Market Switzerland report, according to which the overall trend with regard
to the shortening of all trips seems to be over, can definitely be confirmed at this point in
time.
However, the descriptive analysis now clearly reveals that there is a trend of declining share of
2 weeks trips for the benefit of trips lasting 3 weeks and longer or then 1 week or less in total.
The long term development, including all trips with 4 or more overnight stays strongly
supports that statement (cf. Figure 7; data with regard to shorter trips are not available),
Table 8:
Duration
Distribution of duration of trips (1+ overnight stays):
Differentiation between domestic and abroad
Domestic
(Switzerland)
Abroad
Overall
1 overnight stay
15%
4%
9%
2-3 overnight stays
24%
15%
19%
4-7 overnight stays
36%
35%
35%
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17
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
8-14 overnight stays
15%
28%
22%
15-21 overnight stays
5%
10%
8%
more than 21 overnight stays
5%
8%
7%
That general trend does not contradict the statistically proven perception of many Swiss
destinations and hotel managers who claim that the average duration of all stays in
Switzerland is still declining. In that respect, one has to be aware that
• Approximately half of all overnight stays in hotels in Swiss destinations are generated by
guests residing in Switzerland. That share also includes business travel, a type of travel
not included in this survey.
• Two thirds of all domestic leisure trips (surveyed type of trip) last 7 nights or less, while
two thirds of all trips abroad last between 4 and 14 nights (cf. Table 8).
Figure 7:
Duration of trips (4+ overnight stays)
100%
90%
Shares w/r to
duration of trips
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1995
1998
2001
2004
Year
4-7 overnight stays
15-21 overnight stays
8-10 overnight stays
more than 21 overnight stays
11-14 overnight stays
Therefore, and from a destination's perspective, efforts towards the prolongation of stay
should be replaced by efforts towards attracting long haul long term international travellers in
general. Additionally, and shown by a study of Laesser (2003), incentives should be provided
to short haul travellers to increase their party travel size.
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
18
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
3.4
Choice of destination:
Almost 90% of all trips go to Europe
Figure 8:
Choice of destination (1+ overnight stays)
100%
Shares w/r to
choice of destination
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1998
2001
2004
Year
Switzerland
Scandinavia
Neighbouring countries
Eastern Europe
Southern Europe
Overseas
Northwestern Europe
Switzerland’s "pole position" with regard to the choice of destination remains unchallenged,
although a small but constant loss in market share has to be reported. Nevertheless: the choice
of destinations with regard to all trips remains quite stable.
With regard to the above, one can hypothesize that in the near future no significant shifts are
to be expected, mainly for two reasons:
• Travel behaviour in general has proved to be quite stable; deviations are of short-term
duration (and thus without long-term impact);
• The choice of destination (and the travel distance) correlates positively with the duration
of trips. Due to the stabilization of the latter, one key driver for destination choice
shifting is diminishing.
When looking at the long term development with regard to trips with 4 or more overnight
stays (cf. Figure 9), a further consolidation in the shares of destination can be observed. About
70% of all trips terminate in Switzerland and the neighbouring countries, 20% to the rest of
Europe and 10% can be considered as intercontinental travel.
It can be hypothesized that the trend towards a significant increase in long-haul travel is over.
Numerous travel limiting facts of travel support this hypothesis, such as time and duration of a
trip, financial resources and changing general preferences.
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
19
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Figure 9:
Choice of destination (4+ overnight stays)
100%
90%
Shares w/r to
choice of destination
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1995
1998
2001
Year
Switzerland
Neighbouring countries
Other european countries
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Overseas
2004
20
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
3.5
Time of Travel:
Trend of summer losing to spring and fall continues
Figure 10:
Month of departure (1+overnight stays)
100%
90%
Shares w/r to
month of departure
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1998
2001
2004
Year
January
August
February
September
March
October
April
November
May
December
June
July
In 2004, the favourite months for the Swiss population to travel were July (16%), October
(12%), September (10%), and February (9%).
Travel months tend to be quite stable. However, the possible/ potential shifts, which were
discussed in 2001 (summer losing towards spring and fall) can be confirmed at this point in
time. Although the changes are only quite small, they are consistent especially in terms of the
summer losing. Currently, the loss is primarily in favour of the fall season.
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
21
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
3.6
Motivation:
Gaining Time and Personal Relations in an Intact Landscape
Figure 11:
Travel motivation (1+ overnight stay)
Nightlife
Comfort, Pampering
Travel motivation
Time for partner
Time for family
Time for myself
Landscape and nature
Visiting sights, broaden knowledge
Spontaneous, flexible decisions
Beauty
Sports
Sun and Beach
Other
1998
2001
2004
Please note:
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
Values relative to mean
The values are standardized around a casewise mean of 1, with the highest value
representing the relative highest occurrence within a casewise set of items (et vice
versa). The original scales consisted of 4 points, ranging from 1 (not important at all)
to 4 (very important).
One major change in this year's survey consisted of an expansion of the item battery with
regard to travel motives. Figure 11 gives an overview of items surveyed in 1998, 2001, and
2004, whereas in Figure 12 a rank order of the items (with values indicating the relative
magnitude per item in relation to the overall mean of all items) of the entire travel motivation
battery is presented.
Over the past 6 years, experiencing landscape and nature, time related issues and the visiting
of sights in combination with the broadening of knowledge remain among the most important
travel motives. However, one can note a significant increase with regard to sports, beauty and
nightlife, whereas the wish to be able to make spontaneous, flexible decisions has been
decreasing.
Looking at the extended list of travel motivations, items such as experience landscapes and
nature, get away and regeneration from the daily routine, rest and relaxation, diversion, visit
and experience sights and culture, and time related issues are among the strongest motives to
get away from home. In contrast, the other side of the ranking is dominated by travel motives
such as search for esteem, prestige, risk, personal challenge, do something for my beauty, and
other. Interestingly, much personalised motives (such as the latter ones) tend to be less
important as general (generic) travel motives. Further research needs to be done into those
items to determine potential drivers for this distinction.
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Figure 12:
22
Travel motivation (1+ overnight stay; new extended item battery)
Experience landscapes and nature
Get away from it all (daily routine)
Rest and relaxation
Time for the family
Time for partner
Regeneration from daily home routine and job
Diversion; see and experience something new
Time for oneself
Visit and experience sights and culture; expand own horizon
Sports (active)
Liberation from obligations (and relations)
Enjoyment of comfort and pampering
0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50
Relative magnitude
Enjoyment of comfort and pampering
Sun and beach
Make contact with new people
Ability to make flexible, spontaneous decisions
other
Experience of nativeness
Challenge and stimulate oneself
Experience of exotic
Enjoy nightlife
Do something for my beauty
Experience of adventure and perhaps even risk
Termination/ conclusion of a phase in one's life by means of a trip
Search for esteem
Prestigious character of trip
0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90 1.00 1.10 1.20 1.30 1.40 1.50
Relative magnitude
Please note:
The values indicate the individual relative magnitude per item in relation to the
overall mean of all items of travel motivation. The original scales consisted of 4
points, ranging from 1 (not important at all) to 4 (very important).
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23
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
3.7
Type of Trip:
Are classical beach vacations replaced by wellness trips?
Share of cases
"great" and "core"
relevance
w/r to type of trip
Figure 13:
Types of trips (share of cases 1+ overnight stays)
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1998
2001
2004
Year
Beach holiday by an ocean or lake
Excursion/ sightseeing/ study trip
Holiday in the countryside
Health-oriented trip/ wellness trip
Sports holiday
Theme park trip
Visiting friends and relatives
Please note:
City trip
Cruise
Holiday in the mountains (not winter)
Winter holiday in the snow
Event trip
Shopping trip
Other type of trip
In 1998 and 2001, the typologies of trips were recorded dichotomously, whereas in
2004, a 4 point Likert-scale (ranging from no relevance at all to key/ core relevance)
was applied, including the top 2 labels (key/ core relevance and rather great relevance in the analysis.
Similar to the travel motivation, the item battery with regard to types of trip as well as the
scale has been adapted/ extended. In previous surveys, the test persons had to indicate on
the basis of a multinomial scale by what type of trip their own trip could be clearly characterised. In 2004 however, the scale was changed to a 4 point Likert scale (ranging from no
relevance at all to key/ core relevance), with the option for multi-classification. Therefore, a
comparison of results is limited, if not critical. Anyway, in Figure 13, the shares of cases are
presented; in contrast, Figure 13 (2004) gives an overview of the share of entries. In both
figures, only 2004 entries with rather great relevance and key/ core relevance were included in
the analysis.
Basically, 3 types of trips dominate the majority of travel. 15% of all trips are aimed at
fostering social networks (visit friends and relatives, family event/ reason), 13% at physical
activity (sports and health oriented; if beach vacations are included in this scheme, the share
amounts to 21%), and another 18% at experiencing and encountering new environments (city
trip, sightseeing trip, study tour, and language trip). When comparing the shares of 2004 to
2001 and 1998, one notices the loss (in terms of share of cases) with regard to beach vacation
in favour of health oriented trips, city trips, sports holidays and cruises. There is a set of
multiple reasons which might have led to that result: First of all, travellers tend to increasingly combine multiple types of trips (which leads to a relative decrease of certain
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
24
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
formerly predominant types; cf. Figure 14). Secondly, the great 2003 summer in Central
Europe might have resulted in less demand for a beach vacation some months later. Thirdly,
the strong growth of low cost airlines has set a favourable environment for city trips: The
non-stop establishing of new routes creates options which have not been existent at the
beginning of this century. The same seems to be true with regard to health oriented holidays:
In Central Europe, there is now an entire industry providing wellness/ health oriented
infrastructures and services, not only matching current demand but obviously generating
demand as well (substituting other types of trips, such as a classical beach vacation).
Figure 14:
Types of trips (share of entries 1+ overnight stays)
Beach holiday by an ocean or lake
City trip
Excursion/ sightseeing/ study trip
Cruise
Type of trip
Holiday in the countryside
Holiday in the mountains (not winter)
Health-oriented trip/ wellness trip
Winter holiday in the snow
Sports holiday
Event trip
Theme park trip
Shopping trip
Visiting friends and relatives
Other type of trip
1998
2001
2004
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Share of entries rather great and key/ core relevance
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25
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
3.8
Sources of information
The WWW definitely takes over
Figure 15:
Importance of sources of information before the trip decision
Brochures of destination (communal level)
Brochures of destination (region to country)
Accommodation guide of destination
Accommodation guide of national or international chain
Brochures of tour operators
Travel agencies
Rail service/ train stations
Tourist information at destination
NTO in Switzerland
Ads in newspapers and magazines
Travel guides, books, journals
Video, DVD, CD-ROM
Travel fairs and exhibitions
Broadcasts in TV and radio
Teletext
Internet/ WWW
Friends and relatives
Other sources of information
0.60
0.70
0.80
0.90
1.00
1.10
Relative importance 2001
Please note:
1.20
1.30
1.40
1.50
1.60
Relative importance 2004
before trip decision denotes the decision process stages leading to the first constraining consequences (such as bookings/ reservation, definite choice of destination and
accommodation, etc.). The values indicate the relative magnitude per item in relation
to the overall mean of all sources of information.
With regard to the importance of sources of information, the WWW has now seized the most
prominent position (apart from friends and relatives). In 2001 the importance of this media
and its content was average only, whereas in 2004 it is well above average. Recent studies by
the authors of this report (for the 2004 ANZMAC conference) have shown that there is a strong
link between that importance of the source WWW and friends and relatives: Personal peers
are not only an end by themselves when it comes to providing information but take moreover
the role of supporting and complementing the WWW information analysis process. However,
traditional sources of (print) information provided by the destination are still valued highly as
well, although their importance is on the decline.
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26
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
3.9
Travel Organization:
An increasing number of travellers become their own tour operator
Figure 16:
Travel organisation (1+ overnight stays)
100%
Shares w/r to
travel organisation
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1998
2001
2004
Year
Other Type of Package Tour
Group Package Tour/ Holiday without Travel Guide
Group Package Tour/ Holiday with Travel Guide
Single Package Tour/ Holiday (free travel date, no guides)
No Package Tour/ Holiday
An increasing number of travellers organise their trip themselves. However, one limiting factor
must be mentioned: In a world of modularized tour operating and retailing, often combined
with individual travel-preparatory steps, the task with regard to distinguishing between
packaging and non-packaging becomes more and more difficult. Thus, the above-mentioned
results have to be reconsidered accordingly.
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
27
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
3.10 Modes of transportation:
Cars and planes dominate
Figure 17:
Means of transportation to destination (1+ overnight stays)
100%
90%
Shares w/r to
means of transportation
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1998
2001
2004
Year
Car, mobile home, rental car
Figure 18:
Railway
Scheduled flight
Charter flight
Boat/ ship
Bus
Other
Means of transportation to destination (4+ overnight stays)
100%
Shares w/r to
means of transportation
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1972
1976
1980
1984
1988
1992
1995
1998
Boat, Ship
Bus
2001
Year
Car, Motohome, etc.
Railway
Plane
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
other
2004
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
28
Generally, modes of transport to the destination have been quite stable during the past 6
years, with the car dominating (approximately 60%), followed by plane (18%) and train (15%)
(cf. Figure 17).
When looking at the long term development though (cf. Figure 18), one can identify a
number of significant developments:
• Trains have been losing market shares all the way through the end of the 90ies. Ever
since, one can observe a consolidation and termination of this trend.
• Cars have been losing market shares in favour of planes until the mid 90ies; over the
past few years the car has recouped market shares basically at the cost of planes and
trains.
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29
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
3.11 Type of Accommodation:
Top hotels are on the rise
Figure 19:
Type of accommodation at destination (1+ overnight stays)
Shares w/r to
type of accommodation
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1998
2001
2004
Year
Hotel/ Club/ Motel ****-*****
Hotel/ Club/ Motel *
Private Room
Holiday Home at priviledged Rate
Camping, incl. Tent, Trailer, Mobile Home
Hotel/ Club/ Motel **-***
Friends and Relatives
Holiday Home by own proprietorship
Holiday Home at regular Rate
Other Category
The 2004 survey reveals a continuation of a trend already addressed in the 2001 report: The
hotel industry is regaining market shares. However, one can be more specific at this
stage, as the increase in hotel market share from a little more than 40% to almost 50% can be
explained by the increase of the market share of 4-star and 5-star hotels. Low star hotels (*)
have slightly but continuously lost market shares, likely to the 2nd home industry (which in
many cases provide better infrastructure at a similar price).
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30
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
3.12 Holiday Homes:
An underestimated type of accommodation
As explained earlier, as far as domestic trips are concerned, the choice of accommodation is in
favour of non-hotels, whereas with international travel, hotels are the preferred means of
accommodation.
Thus, for the second time in Switzerland, the special role of holiday homes was surveyed with
the help of a number of questions. The results reveal a large quantity of leisure travel yet
completely neglected. The following results reveal the top of an iceberg called holiday
residence travel:
• 9 % (down from 12% in 2001) of all Swiss households surveyed own or possess at least
one holiday residence (either a house or an apartment);
• 12% (up from 11% in 2001) of all Swiss households surveyed have regular, privileged access to someone else's holiday home (privileged in the sense of free access or
access at a strongly reduced rate, with a minimum of other obstacles of any kind).
Hence, in 2004 an estimated 650 thousand households enjoy really easy and convenient
access to a holiday home of some kind. The majority (2/3) of these are located in Switzerland;
other popular countries include Italy, France and Spain. The decline with regard to the
possession ratio as compared to 2001 can be partially explained by the willingness of the
surveyed households to sell their second residence; in 2001, this intention amounted to 2.9%
of households. In 2004, 3.7% of all households possessing holiday homes still planned to sell
their second residence, as opposed to 1.2% of households intending to buy one. Generally
(and likely due to low mortgage rates, a lack of attractive investment alternatives, as well as a
liberalisation towards home ownership by foreign citizens), in 2004 potential demand
surpassed potential supply (in terms of units owned by private persons).
Table 9:
Holiday homes: Selling and buying intentions
Share of owners
intending to sell
Share of non-owners
intending to buy
2001
2.9% (20 thousand)
0.7% (17 thousand)
2004
3.7% (24 thousand)
1.2% (37 thousand)
Those households (i.e. the ones either possessing a holiday home or having regular access to
one) in 2004 generated approximately 39 million overnight stays (-5% as compared to 2001)
of which a majority is generated in Switzerland as well. A majority (84%) did not rent their
holiday home to 3 parties (i.e. non friends or relatives). Consequently, the majority of holiday
home beds of Swiss origin are cold beds.
rd
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
4
Market segmentation by motivation:
Results of 1998 research revisited
4.1
Introduction
31
In 2002, the authors of this report published a paper in Journal of Travel Research, exploring
the suitability of travel motivations for segmenting travel situations (Bieger and Laesser
2002a). A short version of the results of this paper was also published in the Country Report
Switzerland of Switzerland Tourism (Bieger and Laesser, 2000c). In contrast to classical
segmentation approaches which segment buyers/ consumers, the situational approach does
not focus on the person alone but includes the consumption situation as a whole. So, a travel
situation is made up of one to numerous persons, described in terms of socio-demographic,
motivational, etc. factors, as well as the trip itself, described by choice of destination, duration,
choice of accommodation, etc.
Motivation for travel and tourism has been widely discussed and researched. Summarised,
three streams of approaches have emerged over time: (1) type of motive activation, (2) type
of cognitive establishment of travel motivations, and (3), the methodology of surveying
and analysing travel motivation. With regard to (1), numerous scholars stress that travel
motivation is either activated endogenously within a person, or exogenously (e.g. by means of
promotion). In that regard, two types of directions of action have been discussed: (1) push
and (2) pull. Turning to (2), a number of authors, especially from Germany, differentiate
between apparent (manifest, aware of) and non-apparent (latent, not aware of) motives.
(3) Finally, and with regard to the 3rd stream, some of these studies have used a priori
segmentation approaches, mainly because the segments were already known. Others have
made use of a posteriori segmentation strategies. While a priori segmentation is based on
the discretionary selection of variables, the a posteriori segmentation can be based entirely on
empirically delineated segments. This present case is about an a-posteriori segmentation.
Summarised, there is a significant inconsistency with regard to results of this type of research,
basically reasoned by the great diversity of the socio-cultural environment of the survey
respondents in each study, the difference with regard to degrees of item reduction as well as
the overriding effect generated by either taking an inbound or outbound perspective.
Methodologically, we followed the same procedure as with the 1998 data, with one
exception: To overcome a potential test-person driven systematic over- and undervaluation of
motivation items, a magnitude value was formed, calculated by the casewise ratio of the stated
importance of one motivation over mean across all 25 motivation values. Then, and as a first
step, a cluster analysis was performed on 10% of the cases (trips) to determine the number
of homogeneous groups formed by the data. This analysis employed an agglomerative
hierarchical technique. To order the objects, we used Ward’s algorithm; the squared Euclidean
distance served as the measure of proximity. Quick Cluster (k-Means Cluster), an algorithm
using the nearest centroid sorting method of clustering, was applied to form groups from the
entire sample using the magnitude values of the individual responses on motivations. Second,
differences among groups in terms of motivations associated with each group were identified
by using SPSS multiple discriminant analysis (MDA). This analysis with clusters as the
dependent variable was performed to define cluster membership and characteristics. Finally,
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
32
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
cross tabulations with chi-square were employed to profile the clusters demographically and
with regard to their travel behaviour.
4.2
Results
A cluster analysis was employed to identify groups of respondents based on a similar
motivation structure. An examination of the dendograms suggested that a 4-cluster-solution
would be the most appropriate.
Table 10:
Final cluster centres
CL 1
34.5%
CL 2
34.7%
CL 3
21.9%
CL 4
8.9%
F-value
Diversion; see and experience something new
0.81
0.98
1.00
0.99
346.12
Get away from it all (daily routine)
1.58
1.25
1.60
1.09
311.39
Liberation from obligations (and relations)
1.04
0.99
1.00
0.87
31.46
Visit/ experience sights/ culture; expand horizon
0.80
0.94
1.94
1.02
2,987.77
Termination of a phase in one's life by a trip
0.61
0.79
0.74
0.82
347.59
Rest and relaxation
2.14
1.08
1.05
0.92
4,266.02
Do something for my beauty
0.69
0.80
0.71
0.82
152.52
Experience of exotic
0.67
0.82
0.81
0.81
201.57
Ability to make flexible, spontaneous decisions
0.75
0.94
0.86
0.86
187.34
Enjoyment of comfort and pampering
1.02
0.96
1.03
0.88
28.29
Experience landscapes and nature
1.59
1.24
1.74
1.12
400.29
Enjoy nightlife
0.67
0.83
0.77
0.86
261.78
Make contact with new people
0.73
0.94
1.02
1.01
276.41
Prestigious character of trip
0.61
0.75
0.69
0.80
605.00
Regeneration from daily home routine and job
1.49
1.20
1.06
0.94
382.81
Challenge and stimulate oneself
0.65
0.88
0.80
0.86
396.87
Sun and beach
1.02
0.98
0.81
0.82
129.94
Sports (active)
1.09
1.35
0.78
0.93
407.08
Search for esteem
0.60
0.78
0.69
0.82
814.21
Experience of nativeness
0.68
0.85
0.81
0.84
210.69
Experience of adventure and perhaps even risk
0.61
0.80
0.73
0.82
577.39
Time for partner
1.49
1.15
1.15
0.94
322.57
Time for the family
1.37
1.61
0.88
1.17
491.22
Time for oneself
1.39
1.13
0.99
0.89
385.69
other
0.63
0.73
0.72
3.02
17,446.31
Travel motivation (item)
Please note:
bold denotes values higher than mean + standard deviation per cluster;
underline highest magnitude per item
The means for each of the motivation factors for the members of each cluster were calculated,
thus forming a motivational structure represented by 4 clusters represented in Table 10. The
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
33
summarized information of the descriptive statistics revealed the importance of all factors for
leisure travel for members of each cluster.
The highest ratings of motivation factors relative to each cluster are as follows (in
parenthesis: share of trips taken)
• Cluster 1: Get away from it all, liberation from obligations, rest and relaxation, experience landscape and nature, regeneration from daily routine and job, sun and beach,
time for partner, time for oneself (34.5%);
• Cluster 2: Get away from it all, experience of exotic, experience landscape and nature,
challenge and stimulate myself, sports (active), experience of nativeness, time for family
(34.7%);
• Cluster 3: Diversion, see and experience something new, get away from it all, visit/
experience sights and culture; expand horizon, enjoy comfort and pampering, experience
landscapes and nature, make contact with new people (21.9%);
• Cluster 4: Termination of a phase in one's life by a trip, do something for my beauty,
enjoy nightlife, prestigious character of trip, search for esteem, experience adventure and
perhaps even risk, other (8.9%);
The F-Ratios indicate that all motivation factors were significant in discriminating between the
groups. However, the variables, which differentiated the clusters most were visit/ experience
sights and culture/ expand horizon, rest and relaxation, search for esteem, prestigious
character of trip, experience adventure and perhaps even risk. The variables the least useful
were enjoyment of comfort and pampering, liberation from obligation, sun and beach, ability
to make spontaneous, flexible decisions, i.e. rather generic travel motives.
Three discriminant functions were generated using MDA (available at the authors address
upon request). Function 1 with an eigenvalue of 5.337 explained 62.9%, function 2 with an
eigenvalue of 2.086 another 24.6% of the variation. Function 3 with an eigenvalue of 1.058
explained 12.5% of the remaining variation. The classification matrix revealed that 91.6% of the
cases were classified correctly.
A number of cross-tabulation calculations were performed to provide not only a demographic profile of each of the clusters (Table 11) but also to delineate findings on their
travel behaviour (Table 12). The chi-square statistic was utilized to determine whether
distribution differences were significant or due to chance variations. The results of the analysis
revealed that all profile variables differed significantly between the clusters. Although there are
determining interrelations between a respondent's profile variables and the affinity of that
traveller with a specific cluster, the importance/ relevance of that interrelation needed to be
differentiated. This was achieved on the basis of calculating a contingency coefficient. This
procedure revealed that from the socio-demographic point of view only age, profession, and
size of the household were of any significant relevance. In contrast, the interrelation with the
travel profile variables turned out to be slightly stronger (all variables proved to be significantly relevant).
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
34
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Table 11:
Demographic profile of the 4 clusters
Demographic profile variable
(Chi Square Value/ Significance Level/ Contingency coefficient):
Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster
1
2
3
4
Total
Gender (10.587/ .014/ .037)
- male
- female
49%
52%
51%
49%
46%
54%
49%
51%
49%
51%
Age group (583.532/ .000/ .267)
less than 5 years
5-14 years
15-24 years
25-34 years
35-44 years
45-54 years
55-64 years
65+ years
4%
14%
6%
8%
22%
19%
15%
12%
3%
17%
8%
9%
23%
17%
13%
10%
1%
5%
5%
8%
12%
19%
24%
27%
3%
10%
7%
11%
22%
14%
16%
19%
3%
12%
7%
8%
20%
18%
16%
15%
9%
31%
1%
8%
6%
6%
7%
7%
8%
18%
10%
31%
1%
8%
6%
5%
6%
7%
6%
20%
10%
34%
1%
9%
7%
7%
7%
8%
9%
7%
6%
31%
2%
9%
4%
8%
5%
11%
11%
15%
9%
32%
1%
9%
6%
6%
7%
7%
8%
16%
Profession (465.773/ .000/ .240)
CEO/ Top Mgmt/ Chief public servant
SME director/ executive/ owner
Farmer
Free profession (lawyer, MD, etc.)
Middle management
Commercial/ technical employee
Worker
Pensioner
Housework
Unemployed, looking for job
In apprenticeship
In middle school
Student at university
none of the above
In military service
other
3%
3%
1%
2%
13%
21%
4%
11%
16%
1%
2%
2%
2%
13%
0%
7%
4%
3%
1%
1%
11%
20%
5%
11%
16%
1%
3%
3%
2%
15%
0%
6%
3%
3%
1%
2%
12%
21%
4%
27%
15%
1%
1%
1%
2%
5%
0%
3%
5%
2%
0%
2%
12%
23%
3%
17%
14%
1%
1%
2%
3%
12%
1%
3%
3%
3%
0%
2%
12%
21%
4%
15%
15%
1%
2%
2%
2%
12%
0%
5%
Size of household* (491.727/ .000/ .246)
1 person
2 persons
3 persons
4 persons
5%
31%
18%
35%
7%
26%
15%
36%
14%
47%
15%
17%
10%
40%
14%
25%
8%
34%
16%
30%
Highest completed education (199.258/ .000/
.160)
compulsory schooling
Apprenticeship/ vocational school
Vocational graduation
Middle school/ High school
Vocational master diploma
Technical school
Higher technical school
University of applied sciences
University
other
* Please note:
bold denotes shares higher than median within each cluster
underline denotes shares higher than median across cluster
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
35
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Table 12:
Travel profile of the 4 clusters
Demographic profile variable
(Chi Square Value/ Significance Level/
Contingency coefficient):
Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster
1
2
3
4
Total
Destination (1,122.371/ .000/ .302)
Switzerland
Austria
Germany
France
Italy
Spain
Portugal
Greece
Former Yugoslavia
Benelux (Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg)
UK and Eire
Scandinavia
Eastern Euope
Americas
Africa
Asia
Oceania (Australia and New Zealand)
50%
8%
5%
10%
10%
8%
0%
2%
0%
0%
0%
1%
1%
1%
3%
3%
0%
46%
7%
7%
9%
8%
7%
1%
1%
1%
2%
1%
1%
1%
2%
3%
3%
1%
23%
7%
12%
15%
10%
5%
1%
1%
1%
2%
3%
3%
3%
5%
3%
6%
1%
47%
3%
17%
9%
7%
3%
1%
0%
0%
1%
2%
1%
3%
3%
1%
2%
42%
7%
8%
11%
9%
6%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
1%
2%
3%
3%
0%
Type of trip (Eta)
Beach vacation (.196)
City trip (.308)
Sightseeing tour with car, bus or train (.313)
Cruise (with cruise ship or house boat) (.191)
Vacation in the countryside (.144)
Vacation in the mountains (not winter in snow) (.180)
Health oriented vacation (Fitness/Wellness) (.186)
Regimen break (.185)
Winter vacation in the snow (.288)
Winter vacation in areas with warm weather (.207)
Sports vacation (.281)
Events trip (cultural, sports, etc.) (.199)
Theme park vacation/ trip (.215)
Study tour (predominantly private) (.201)
Language trip (predominantly private) (.234)
Shopping trip (.157)
Visit friends and relatives (.204)
Family event/ reason (e.g. wedding) (.219)
other (.174)
1.66
1.36
1.23
1.10
1.41
1.76
1.53
1.13
1.73
1.16
1.52
1.12
1.19
1.07
1.07
1.18
1.51
1.20
1.44
1.72
1.66
1.52
1.34
1.53
1.66
1.53
1.30
1.92
1.44
1.85
1.47
1.51
1.32
1.32
1.42
1.94
1.55
1.59
1.34
2.22
2.00
1.22
1.32
1.38
1.23
1.11
1.16
1.19
1.18
1.35
1.22
1.31
1.14
1.32
1.47
1.19
1.48
1.14
1.47
1.23
1.05
1.10
1.19
1.09
1.06
1.14
1.05
1.13
1.37
1.11
1.13
1.06
1.18
2.06
1.56
2.11
1.56
1.66
1.50
1.21
1.41
1.59
1.43
1.18
1.62
1.25
1.53
1.31
1.30
1.22
1.17
1.30
1.70
1.35
1.56
Beacon of travel decision making (Eta = .103)
with 1 = clearly by activities - 6 clearly by destination
3.9
3.5
4.3
3.6
3.8
18%
21%
2%
12%
5%
9%
8%
13%
7%
0%
1%
0%
1%
1%
0%
1%
16%
23%
4%
20%
3%
6%
4%
11%
6%
1%
3%
0%
1%
0%
0%
1%
26%
40%
5%
9%
4%
1%
1%
3%
3%
2%
2%
1%
2%
0%
1%
1%
11%
27%
6%
35%
1%
3%
1%
1%
2%
1%
7%
19%
27%
4%
16%
4%
6%
5%
9%
6%
1%
3%
0%
1%
0%
0%
1%
Type of accommodation (1,456.877/ .000/ .363)
Hotel/ Resort/ Motel ****-*****
Hotel/ Resort/ Motel **-***
Hotel/ Resort/ Motel *
Friends and relatives
B&B/ Private room (Residential stay)
Holiday residence owned by person from HH
Holiday residence, rented at preferred rate
Holiday residence, rented at regular terms
Camping 8tent, RV, Camper
Youth Hostel/ Backpacker
Hut, Camp
Farm stay
Ship/ Boat (Cruise)
Health resort/ Sanatorium
Plane, train, bus, or car
other
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
1%
0%
1%
2%
36
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Demographic profile variable
(Chi Square Value/ Significance Level/
Contingency coefficient):
Cluster Cluster Cluster Cluster
1
2
3
4
Total
HH members attending trip (1,112/ .000/ .305)
1 person
2 persons
3 persons
4 persons
10%
36%
16%
38%
15%
29%
17%
38%
24%
56%
8%
13%
29%
44%
9%
18%
17%
39%
14%
31%
Duration of trip (763.522/ .000/ .262)
1 night
2-3 nights
4-7 nights
8-14 nights
15-21 nights
more than 21 nights
3%
15%
39%
28%
8%
7%
10%
17%
36%
21%
8%
8%
10%
23%
34%
20%
7%
6%
25%
33%
23%
13%
4%
3%
9%
19%
35%
22%
8%
7%
* Please note:
4.3
bold denotes shares higher than median within each cluster
underline denotes shares higher than median across cluster
Discussion
We discuss the major result of this analysis along the summaries presented in Table 13. The
attributes/ items listed represent the combined highest shares within clusters (bold in previous
tables) and across clusters (underline in previous tables).
Cluster 1: Rest and relaxation: About one third of all travel situations are clearly driven by
push motivations. People within this cluster stem from mid-size households; they want to get
away and rest, get rid of obligations in order to generate time for themselves and quality time
together with their partner. In many cases, children are part for the travel party, as well. They
preferably spend 4 up to 14 nights in the countryside, the mountains, and/ or on the beach,
trying to regenerate in terms of physical and psychological health. They like to stay either in
very good hotels and resorts or in holiday homes. Preferred destinations to do so are located
in Switzerland, France, Italy, and Austria, as well as Spain and Greece (especially with regard
to beach).
Cluster 2: Family holiday: In another third of all travel situations, people clearly aim at
spending time with the family, often based on collective sports activities or a native/ exotic
experience. So, the travel motivations are activated both endogenously within a person and
exogenously by the destination's attributes. However, the push dimension outweighs the pull
dimension. Consequently, the most prominent types of trips in this cluster are winter vacation
in the snow and beach vacations, together with the entire family. Preferred destinations to
spend 4-14 days on this type of break include Switzerland, Austria and Spain; the preferred
types of accommodation are friends and relatives and holiday homes.
Cluster 3: Curious hedonism: About one fifth of all travel situations can be characterised by
curious hedonism. Travellers in this group are basically driven by a mix of pull- and push-type
motivations, with the first one outweighing the second one. Visit/ experience sights, experience
landscapes and nature, get away from it all (daily routine), enjoyment of comfort and
pampering, make contact with new people are incorporating a predominant position. Consequently, prominent types of trips lasting 2-7 days include city trips, sightseeing tours and
events- and shopping trips to the neighbouring countries of Switzerland, the UK, as well as the
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
37
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Americas and Asia (with longer duration). Travellers within this cluster predominately stay in
hotels, motels, B&B and backpackers. They normally stem from comparably small households
(three quarters without children), with retired persons dominating in terms of their professional position.
Table 13:
Summary table (demographic and travel profile
Cluster #
Cluster denomination
Market share
Type of motive activation
Profile variables
Predominant motivation
(rank order within cluster)
Gender
Age (years)
Highest completed
education
Cluster 1
Rest and
relaxation
34.5%
PUSH
Cluster 2
Family holiday
Rest and
relaxation
Experience
landscapes and
nature
Get away from it
all (daily routine)
Regeneration
from daily home
routine and job
Time for partner
Time for oneself
Liberation from
obligations (and
relations)
Sun and beach
Time for the
family
Sports (active)
Get away from it
all (daily routine)
Experience
landscapes and
nature
Ability to make
flexible,
spontaneous
decisions
Challenge and
stimulate oneself
Experience of
nativeness
Experience of
exotic
Male
< 14
35-64
Compulsory
schooling
Other
Female
< 14
35-64
Other
34.7%
RATHER PUSH
Profession
Middle management
Housework
Non specified
CEO/ top
management/
chief public
servant
Worker
Housework
Non specified
Size of household (persons)
Destination
(rank order within cluster)
3+
Switzerland
France
4+
Switzerland
Austria
Cluster 3
Curious
hedonism
21.9%
RATHER PULL
Cluster 4
Social matters
Visit/ experience
sights/ culture;
expand horizon
Experience
landscapes and
nature
Get away from it
all (daily routine)
Enjoyment of
comfort and
pampering
Make contact
with new people
Other
Enjoy nightlife
Termination of a
phase in one's
life by a trip
Experience of
adventure and
perhaps even risk
Do something for
my beauty
Search for esteem
Prestigious
character of trip
Female
> 35
n.a.
> 35
Compulsory
schooling
Apprenticeship/
vocational school
Technical school
University of
applied sciences
University
Pensioner
University of
applied sciences
University
1-2
France
Germany
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
8.9%
PULL
CEO/ top
management/
chief public
servant
Commercial/
technical
employee
Pensioner
Student at
university
1-2
Switzerland
Germany
38
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Cluster #
Cluster denomination
Market share
Type of motive activation
Profile variables
Type of trip/ vacation
(rank order within cluster)
Beacon of travel decision
making (activity vs.
destination)
Type of accommodation
(rank order within cluster)
HH members attending ttrip
(persons)
Duration of trip (nights)
Please note:
Cluster 1
Rest and
relaxation
34.5%
PUSH
Cluster 2
Family holiday
Italy
Spain
Austria
Greece
Vacation in the
countryside and
mountains (not
winter)
Beach vacation
Health oriented
vacation (fitness/
wellness)
Spain
Africa
Asia
leaning towards
activity
34.7%
RATHER PUSH
Visit friends and
relatives
Winter vacation
in the snow
Sports vacation
Beach vacation
Vacation in the
countryside and
mountains (not
winter)
Family event/
reason
leaning towards
activity
Cluster 3
Curious
hedonism
21.9%
RATHER PULL
Cluster 4
Social matters
Italy
Asia
Americas
UK and Eire
City trip
Sightseeing tour
with car, bus or
train
Events trip
Shopping trip
Eastern Europe
Americas
8.9%
PULL
Visit friends and
relatives
Family event/
reason
Events trip
leaning towards
destination
leaning towards
activity
Hotel/ Resort/
Motel ****-*****
Holiday
residence, rented
at regular terms
Holiday residence
owned by person
from HH
Holiday
residence, rented
at preferred rate
Camping 8tent,
RV, Camper
B&B/ Private
room (Residential
stay)
3+
Friends and
relatives
Holiday
residence, rented
at regular terms
Holiday residence
owned by person
from HH
Camping 8tent,
RV, Camper
Holiday
residence, rented
at preferred rate
Hotel/ Resort/
Motel **-***
Hotel/ Resort/
Motel ****-*****
Hotel/ Resort/
Motel *
B&B/ Private
room (Residential
stay)
Youth Hostel/
Backpacker
Friends and
relatives
Hotel/ Resort/
Motel **-***
Hut, Camp
Hotel/ Resort/
Motel *
other
3+
1-2
1-2
4-14
4-14
2-7
1-3
Except with regard to motivations (i.e. cluster determinants), the attributes represent
the combined highest shares within (bold in previous tables) and across clusters
(underline in previous tables).
Cluster 4: Social matters: The predominant motivation of travel within this cluster is Other,
in terms of items not assessed in the survey. The types of trips characterising this cluster are
socially driven, with visit friends and relatives and family event/ reason in paramount position.
Hence, this cluster is more or less pull driven, i.e. travellers are exogenously attracted. The
trips, preferably to Switzerland and Germany, are normally quite short. Consequently, the
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
39
preferred type of accommodation is friends and relatives and occasionally one to two-star
hotels and motels.
4.4
Conclusions and implications
The clustering of motivations proved to be a valuable means of segmenting markets. The
socio-demographic situation of individual travellers seems to be least relevant. It is more the
anticipated travel profile (including the attraction of a certain destination) which determines
travel behaviour. Therefore, it is not the individual’s needs or benefits sought in travelling
which become important but the total structure of the travel group. Time as a scarce good is
intensifying that basic situation. Under these circumstances, the decision-making process
concerning the selection of activities and of an appropriate destination becomes very difficult.
When segmenting the Swiss market (where travellers usually take more than one trip a year),
marketers end up differing on the basis of either (1) distinctive offers in the case of Curious
Hedonism and/ or (2) the creation of activity options aiming at the clusters Rest and
Relaxation and Family Holiday. With regard to the 4th group, Social Matters, marketers have
to aim at commercialising the F&R vacation, again by creating activity options, in this case
especially for residents and their visitors.
What do destinations have to pursue in detail?
In any case, they have to ensure the potential visitor's awareness towards the destination.
Apart from that, and related to the difference between clusters, the following approaches seem
to be promising:
• Due to the prevalent push situation, the choice of destination in the case of Rest and
Relaxation is likely driven by the availability of products desired by the travellers. From
a destination's point of view, efforts should clearly be made towards improving the
product in terms of creating new options, with communication serving as a means to an
end to sell those new offers.
• Family Holiday as well is determined rather by a push-situation. Also in this case, the
choice of destination is driven by the availability of products desired by the travellers.
Hence, from a destination's point of view, efforts should clearly be made towards improving the product in terms of creating new options, with communication serving as a
means to an end to sell those new offers.
• Due to the pull-driven travel motivations, for Curious Hedonism, the choice of
destination is likely a constraint rather than a result of the travel decision process. One
can assume that a provisional/ preliminary travel decision has likely been made already
in advance. So, the options communicated by the destination on the basis of products
and services are of value in themselves, not only because they enable the traveller to
outline his individually relevant needs but more because they facilitate the travel group’s
travel preparation process by providing an optimal mix of individually necessary options.
• Finally, Social Matters again can basically be influenced rather by suitable products
and services rather than communication. Exchange between locals and their friends and
relatives can for example be enhanced by means of events, not only within a given social group but also within a destination. So, a destination can either contribute to that
type of tourism in terms of setting up own events or by providing a variety of support
services for events within a private social network.
Summarised, the results implicate a continuous maturation of the Swiss market (the
majority of market subjects are sophisticated and experienced travel shoppers, the share of
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
40
frequent travellers is higher than 50%, their domestic buying environments are highly evolved,
they are price and quality savvy and aware of brands, and growth is little to non-existent).
Today, a majority of travel situations seems to be push-driven (70 percent) with 30
percent remaining pull-driven. In 1998, this ratio was close to 50/50. At this point we only can
hypothesize that the Swiss population increasingly seems to travel not because they are
attracted by a destination but because they want to pursue either specific activities (which
often can be independent from the choice of destination) or because they are pushed away in
order to regenerate and regain full physical and psychological functionality.
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
41
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
5
Overview over literature on the Swiss travel market
by the authors of this report
Data of Travel Market Switzerland was used on a number of scientific and popular papers.
This chapter lists a selection of those papers.
Bieger, Th., P. Beritelli & Ch. Laesser (2004a). The Role of Friends and Relatives (F&R) in
Tourism Marketing – The Case of Swiss International Travellers. Paper presented at 2004
Annual ANZMAC Conference in Wellington (New Zealand), November 29 – December 2, 2004,
and published in conference proceedings.
Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2004b). The market entry of low cost airlines: Implications for
mode choice between Switzerland and Germany. Paper presented at 4 Swiss Transport
Research Conference, Ascona (Switzerland), March 25-26, 2004, and published in conference
proceedings and on STRC.ch.
th
Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2004c). Information sources for travel decisions: Towards a
source process model. Journal of Travel Research, 42(4), pp. 357-371.
Bieger Th. & Ch. Laesser (2003a). Tourismustrends - eine aktuelle Bestandesaufnahme.
In: Bieger Th. & Ch. Laesser (Hrsg./ Eds.): Jahrbuch der Schweizerischen Tourismuswirtschaft
2002/ 2003 St. Gallen: IDT, pp. 13-38.
Laesser, Ch. (2003). Die Ausgaben für Reisen – das Fallbeispiel Schweiz. Eine Analyse auf
Basis des hedonischen Ansatzes. Tourismus Journal, 7(3), 307-329.
Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2002a). Travel Segmentation by Motivation – The Case of
Switzerland. Journal of Travel Research, 41 (1), pp. 68-76.
Bieger. Th. & Ch. Laesser (2002b). Swiss Travel Market – Aspects of consumer behaviour
in an ageing travel market. In: Tourism Review, 57 (4), pp. 23-27.
Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2002c). Future Living Conditions and Mobility: Travel Behaviour of Alpine Tourists. Paper presented at „Leisure Futures“, Innsbruck, April 11 – 14, 2002,
and published in: Weiermair, K. & Ch. Mathies (2004): The Tourism and Leisure Industry:
Shaping the Future, New York/ London/ Oxford: The Haworth Hospitality Press, pp. 253-264.
Laesser, Ch. (2001) Verkehrsmittelwahl der Schweizer im Fernverkehr: Resultate einer
Untersuchung auf Basis des Situationsansatzes. In: Kaspar C., Ch. Laesser & Th. Bieger
(Hrsg./ Eds.): Jahrbuch der Schweizerischen Verkehrswirtschaft 2000/ 2001, St. Gallen: IDT,
pp. 103-124.
Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2001). The role of railways with regard to mode choice in
medium range travel. Tourism Review, 56 (1&2), pp. 33-39.
Laesser, Ch. (2001). Familientourismus in der Schweiz: Empirische Evidenz einer
vielversprechenden strategischen Stossrichtung. In: Bieger Th. & Ch. Laesser (Hrsg./
Eds.): Jahrbuch der Schweizerischen Tourismuswirtschaft 2000/ 2001, pp. 103-124, St. Gallen:
IDT.
Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2000a). Segmenting Travel Situations on the Basis of Motivation and Information Collection by the Traveller. Tourism Review 55 (2), pp. 54-65.
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
42
Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2000b). Segmenting travel on the sourcing of information.
Paper presented at the 2 Conference of the American Association of Consumer Psychology in
Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure, Vienna, July 6-8, 2000, and published in: Mazanec, J.A., G.I.
Crouch, J.R.B. Ritchie & A.G. Woodside (Eds.): Consumer Psychology of Tourism, Hospitality
and Leisure, Volume 2, Wallingford: CABI, pp. 153-168.
nd
Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2000c). Segmentierung Reisemarkt Schweiz auf der Basis von
Motiven. In: Schweiz Tourismus (Hrsg./ Eds.): Länderbericht Schweiz, Beilage.
Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2000d). Reisetrends 2000: Vertrauen als Erfolgsfaktor im ECommerce-Zeitalter. St. Galler Tagblatt 23.03.2000.
Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2000e). Reisen: Auch ein Geschäft mit Informationen. Travel
Manager 5/ 2000, pp. 16-18.
Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2000f). Informationsverhalten der Schweizer Reisenden Ergebnisse einer Clusteranalyse. In: Bieger Th. & Ch. Laesser (Hrsg./ Eds.): Jahrbuch der
Schweizerischen Tourismuswirtschaft 1999/ 2000, St. Gallen: IDT.
Bieger, Th. & Ch. Laesser (2000g). Information sourcing by Swiss travellers: A market
segmentation approach. Tourism Analysis, 5 (2-4), 2000, pp. 125-131.
Laesser, Ch. (2000). Ferienland Schweiz: Unterwegs zu neuen Ufern. Zeitschrift der
Handelskammer D-CH, 2/2000, S. 12-16
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
43
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
6
Variable Sets
6.1
Introductory Remarks
Travel market Switzerland 2004 consists of 3 databases:
• Household data (TMCH2004_Household.sav), with case = household
• Households and persons data (TMCH2004_household_person.sav), with case = person
within a given household
• Travel data (TMCH2004_Travel_Persons.sav), with case = 1 person trip
The variables are recorded on different levels, according to the following structure:
TMCH2004_household_person.sav,
with the following perspectives:
• HH: data recorded for an entire
household, not its members
• P: data recorded for a single person in
a given household
• PANEL: Data recorded for the panel
person in a given household
TMCH2004_Travel_Persons.sav,
with the following perspectives
• TRIP: data recorded for a trip (of 1 to
numerous members of a given household)
• PERSONTRIP: data recorded for each
travelling person, or valid for each
travelling person in a given travel party
Travel behaviour analyses are based on TMCH2004_Travel_Persons.sav. However, depending
on the availability of data of the traveller, restriction with regard to extrapolation of results
might apply. Figure 20 summarises those restrictions; they basically stem from different depths
of data of the persons surveyed.
Figure 20:
Level of data and their suitability for travel behaviour analysis
Data on traveller
Not available, i.e.
there is only data
with regard to travel
items
Panel data available
Household data
available
Suitable type of analysis
internal structure of
trips and travellers;
no extrapolation on
universe possible
internal structure of
trips and travellers;
no extrapolation on
universe possible
No restriction;
extrapolation on entire
universe possible
Data on travel
(perspective)
Travel group
from HH
travelling
Filter: none
Weighting: w_sdpart
Filter: paneldata
Weighting: w_sdpart
Filter: persondata
Weighting: W_sdpart
Person from
HH traveling
Filter: none
Weighting: w_sdpers
Filter: paneldata
Weighting: w_sdpers
Filter: persondata
Weighting: w_sdpers
The following 2 chapters describe the variables recorded, differentiating between
• Households and persons data (TMCH2004_household_person.sav)
• Travel data (TMCH2004_Travel_Persons.sav)
For each variable, the following information is provided:
• Variable Name (Variable) sets the name coding for a given variable
• Level informs on the level of recording (see above)
• Variable Label gives more detailed information on a given variable
• Measure presents the scale of each variable (metric, interval, ordinal, nominal)
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
• Values show the coding of variables (w/r to interval, ordinal and nominal variables)
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
44
HH
P
HH, P
HH, P
P
P
P
P
P
kd_nr
kd_pers_nr
q1
q2
q3
q4
q5
q5_cat
q6
q6: Foreign citizenship
q5_cat: Age group of person
q5: Year of birth
q4: gender
q3: Person answering questionnaire
q2: Number of persons in household
q1: ZIP code of residence
pers_nr: Person number (clear identification number)
kd_nr: Customer number
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Households and person data (TMCH2004_Household_Persons.sav)
Variable
6.2
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Metric
Nominal
Nominal
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Measure
=
=
=
=
=
oldest
2nd oldest
3rd oldest
4th oldest
n.a.
=less than 5 years
= 5-14 years
= 15-24 years
= 25-34 years
= 35-44 years
= 45-54 years
= 55-64 years
= older than 64 years
destination listing (see separate chapter)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 = male
2 = female
1
2
3
4
5
none
none
none
none
Values
45
P
P
P
P
P
HH
HH
P
q7
q8
q9@1
q9@2
q9@3
q10a
q10b
q11a
q11a: Does HH member have access to car?
q10b: If household possesses car: Number of cars in HH
q10a: Does household possess car?
q9@1: Type of public transport pass: Zone Ticket
q9@1: Type of public transport pass: Half Price Pass
q9@1: Type of public transport pass: General Pass
q8: Profession
q7: Highest completed education
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Metric
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Compulsory Schooling/ very basic training
Apprenticeship/ Vocational school
Vocational Graduation
Middle/ High school, Gymnasium, Comm. school
Vocational master diploma
Technical school
Higher technical school
University of applied sciences
University
0 = no
1 = yes
none
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
1 = CEO/ Top Management/ Chief Public Servant
2 = SME director/ owner
3 = Farmer
4 = Free Profession (Doctor, Lawyer, Consultant, etc.)
5 = Middle Management
6 = Commercial/ technical Employee, Public Servant
7 = Worker
8 = Pensioner
9 = Housework
10 = Unemployed, looking for a Job
11 = In Training/ School: Apprenticeship
12 = In Training/ School: Middle School
13 = In Training/ School: Student at University
14 = None of the above mentioned Professions
15 = In Military Service
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Values
46
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
HH
HH
q11b
q12
q13_01
q13_02
q13_03
q13_04
q13_05
q13_06
q13_07
q13_08
q13_09
q13_10
q13_11
q14_01
q14_02
q14: Living and housing conditions: Furnishing
q14: Living and housing conditions: Amount of Space
q13: Reason for non-travel: Reasons stated at all
q13: Reason for non-travel: other reasons
q13: Reason for non-travel: No interest in travelling
q13: Reason for non-travel: Age related reasons (too old)
q13: Reason for non-travel: Time related reasons/ time scarcity
q13: Reason for non-travel: Family related reasons
q13: Reason for non-travel: Small children (restricting travel)
q13: Reason for non-travel: Health related reasons
q13: Reason for non-travel: Job related reasons
q13: Reason for non-travel: Needed money for other (urgent) matters
q13: Reason for non-travel: No money/ tight budget
q12: Participation in travel activities between January 1 and December 31 2004
q11b: Does HH member have access to car by means of car sharing?
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = yes
1 = no
0 = no
1 = yes
Values
47
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
q14_03
q14_04
q14_05
q14_06
q14_07
q14_08
q14_09
q14_10
q14_11
q14: Living and housing conditions: Public transportation connection/ accessibility
q14: Living and housing conditions: Length and duration of commuting
q14: Living and housing conditions: Possibilities for designing the exterior area
q14: Living and housing conditions: Exterior area (garden, playground, etc.)
q14: Living and housing conditions: Location, Quarter
q14: Living and housing conditions: Quality of air
q14: Living and housing conditions: Noise isolation within building
q14: Living and housing conditions: Noise immission
q14: Living and housing conditions: Costs
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
1 = not satisfied at all2 = rather not satisfied3 = rather
satisfied4 = very satisfied
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Values
48
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
q14_12
q14_13
q14_14
q14_15
q14_16
q15a
q15b
q15c
q15d
q15e
q15f1
q15f2
q15g@1
q15g: Motivation for holiday home ownership: Increase of flexibility
q15f: Country code of own or regularly accessed holiday home
q15f: Zip code of own or regularly accessed holiday home
q15e: Number of person-nights in own or regularly accessed holiday home
q15d: Holiday home: Intention to sell holiday home within 12-24 months
q15c: Holiday home: Intention to buy holiday home within 12-24 months
q15b: Holiday home: Not owner, but regular access to holiday home
q15a: Holiday home: Owner
q14: Living and housing conditions: Overall evaluation
q14: Living and housing conditions: Recreational facilities
q14: Living and housing conditions: Shopping facilities
q14: Living and housing conditions: Parking availability
q14: Living and housing conditions: Children suitability
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Metric
Nominal
Metric
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
0 = no
1 = yes
destination listing (see separate chapter)
none
none
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Values
49
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
q15g@2
q15g@3
q15g@4
q15g@5
q15g@6
q15g@7
q15g@8
q15h
q15i
q15j
q15k@01
q15k@02
q15k@03
q15k: Measures to increase readiness to rent: Maintenance by professional companies
q15k: Measures to increase readiness to rent: Contract masterbatch
q15k: Measures to increase readiness to rent: Calculus masterbatch
q15j: Holiday home: Affinity/ readiness to rent holiday home to third parties
q15i: Holiday home: Number of nights of rentals to no3rd parties
q15h: Holiday home: Rent out object to 3rd parties (i.e. no friends and family)
q15g: Motivation for holiday home ownership: other
q15g: Motivation for holiday home ownership: Inheritage
q15g: Motivation for holiday home ownership: Home ownership determines personality
q15g: Motivation for holiday home ownership: Sports
q15g: Motivation for holiday home ownership: Relaxation/ wellness
q15g: Motivation for holiday home ownership: Investment property/ financial investment
q15g: Motivation for holiday home ownership: Family meeting point
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Ordinal
Ordinal
Ordinal
Nominal
Metric
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
=
=
=
=
very low
rather low
rather high
very high
1 = best measure
2 = 2nd best measure
...
10 = 10th best measure
1 = best measure
2 = 2nd best measure
...
10 = 10th best measure
1 = best measure
2 = 2nd best measure
...
10 = 10th best measure
1
2
3
4
none
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
Values
50
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
P
q15k@04
q15k@05
q15k@06
q15k@07
q15k@08
q15k@09
q15k@10
q16_01
q16: I describe my self as a “down to earth person"
q15k: Measures to increase readiness to rent: Marketing by the destination (ads, Internet,
direct marketing
q15k: Measures to increase readiness to rent: Classification and acquisition of potential
tenants
q15k: Measures to increase readiness to rent: Special treats by the destination
q15k: Measures to increase readiness to rent: Information materials (destination)
q15k: Measures to increase readiness to rent: Information events
q15k: Measures to increase readiness to rent: Information, communication and marketing
platform
q15k: Measures to increase readiness to rent: Professional administration and accounting
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Ordinal
Ordinal
Ordinal
Ordinal
Ordinal
Ordinal
Ordinal
Measure
1
2
3
4
5
=
=
=
=
=
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
1 = best measure
2 = 2nd best measure
...
10 = 10th best measure
1 = best measure
2 = 2nd best measure
...
10 = 10th best measure
1 = best measure
2 = 2nd best measure
...
10 = 10th best measure
1 = best measure
2 = 2nd best measure
...
10 = 10th best measure
1 = best measure
2 = 2nd best measure
...
10 = 10th best measure
1 = best measure
2 = 2nd best measure
...
10 = 10th best measure
1 = best measure
2 = 2nd best measure
...
10 = 10th best measure
Values
51
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
q16_02
q16_03
q16_04
q16_05
q16_06
q16_07
q16_08
q16: I am very realistic/pragmatic person
q16: I am very good at organising my work and time
q16: Physical comforts/pleasures are very important
q16: I like very much the tangible/concrete things in my life
q16: I value strongly material possessions/things
q16: The pleasures of food/eating (gastronomy) are very important in my life
q16: I am a very practical person
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
Values
52
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
q16_09
q16_10
q16_11
q16_12
q16_13
q16_14
q16_15
q16: Understanding the reasons why things happen is very important
q16: I am very logical type of thinking person
q16: Experience is more valuable than ideas/theory
q16: I am good in producing emotions and feelings
q16: I am very able/good with my feelings/emotions
q16: I am very much a doer/action person
q16: I am a very self-sufficient person
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
Values
53
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
q16_16
q16_17
q16_18
q16_19
q16_20
q16_21
q16_22
q16: I am generally very perceptive person
q16: I have a very lively/active imagination
q16: I am very sensitive to atmosphere
q16: I am very good at thinking/coming up with new ideas
q16: I am too much of a thinker and too little of a doer
q16: New ideas and innovations fascinate me
q16: I am a very objective person in my thinking^
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
Values
54
P
P
P
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
q16_23
q16_24
q16_25
q17a_1
q17a_2
q17a_3
q17a_4
q17a_5
q17: Travel decision 2004 (interval): Quality expectation with destination(s)
q17: Travel decision 2004 (interval): Booking availability with destination(s)
q17: Travel decision 2004 (interval): Image/ reputation of destination(s)
q17: Travel decision 2004 (interval): Availability of packaged offer(s)
q17: Travel decision 2004 (interval): Level of prices with destination(s)
q16: I am very good at visualising things
q16: I enjoy daydreaming
q16: My imagination sometimes makes me sick
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
not correct statement at all
rather not correct statement
neutral
rather correct statement
absolutely correct statement
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not important at all
rather not important
rather important
very important
not important at all
rather not important
rather important
very important
not important at all
rather not important
rather important
very important
not important at all
rather not important
rather important
very important
1 = not important at all2 = rather not important3 = rather
important4 = very important
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Values
55
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
HH
q17b_1
q17b_2
q17b_3
q17b_4
q17b_5
q18_1
q18_2
q18_3
q18_4
q18_5
q18_6
F18.3 Travel intentions in the forthcoming 2-3 years: Intention
F18.2 Travel intentions in the forthcoming 2-3 years: Intention
F18.1 Travel intentions in the forthcoming 2-3 years: Intention
F18.3 Travel intentions in the forthcoming 2-3 years: High likelihood intentions
F18.2 Travel intentions in the forthcoming 2-3 years: High likelihood intentions
F18.1 Travel intentions in the forthcoming 2-3 years: High likelihood intentions
q17: Travel decision 2004 (ordinal): Quality expectation with destination(s)
q17: Travel decision 2004 (ordinal): Booking availability with destination(s)
q17: Travel decision 2004 (ordinal): Image/ reputation of destination(s)
q17: Travel decision 2004 (ordinal): Availability of packaged offer(s)
q17: Travel decision 2004 (ordinal): Level of prices with destination(s)
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Ordinal
Ordinal
Ordinal
Ordinal
Ordinal
Measure
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
most unimportant domain
2nd most unimportant domain
neutral
2nd most important domain
most important domain
most unimportant domain
2nd most unimportant domain
neutral
2nd most important domain
most important domain
most unimportant domain
2nd most unimportant domain
neutral
2nd most important domain
most important domain
most unimportant domain
2nd most unimportant domain
neutral
2nd most important domain
most important domain
destination listing (see separate chapter)
destination listing (see separate chapter)
destination listing (see separate chapter)
destination listing (see separate chapter)
destination listing (see separate chapter)
destination listing (see separate chapter)
1 = most unimportant domain2 = 2nd most unimportant
domain3 = neutral4 = 2nd most important domain5 = most
important domain
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Values
56
PANEL
PANEL
PANEL
PANEL
PANEL
PANEL
PANEL
PANEL
gender
birth
hhsize
plz_gfk
wemf
canton
agglo
nonagglo
nonagglo: Size of municipality of panel person non-agglomerated
agglo: Size of municipality of panel person agglomerated
canton: Canton of panel person
wemf: WEMF region of panel person
plz_gfk: PLZ of panel household
hhsize: Household size of panel person
birth: Birth of panel person
gender: Gender of panel person
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
STRING
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
=
=
=
=
=
Western Switzerland
Alpine and pre-alpine areas
Western Midland
Eastern Midland
Ticino
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
200,000 ++
50,000 - 199,999
20,000 - 49,999
10,000 - 19,999
5,000 - 9,999
2,000 - 4'999
1,000 - 1,999
less that 1,000 population
200,000 ++
50,000 - 199,999
20,000 - 49,999
10,000 - 19,999
5,000 - 9,999
2,000 - 4'999
1,000 - 1,999
less that 1,000 population
none
1
2
3
4
5
none
1 = male
2 = female
Values
57
PANEL
P
P
P
P
P
P
income
w_hhsize
w_wemf
w_agglo
w_gender
w_age
w_total
w_total: Total weight
w_age: Weight "age group"
w_gender: Weight "gender"
w_agglo: Weight "Agglomeration of household"
w_wemf: Weight "WEMF area of household"
w_hhsize: Weight "size of household"
income: Income of panel person
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Measure
none
none
none
none
none
none
0 = not known
1 = 0 - 2,449 CHF
2 = 2,450 - 3, 249 CHF
3 = 3,250 - 4,4049 CHF
4 = 4,050 - 4,849 CHF
5 = 4,850 - 5,649 CHF
6 = 5,650 - 6,449 CHF
7 = 6,450 - 7,249 CHF
8 = 7,250 - 8,049 CHF
9 = 8,050 - 9,649 CHF
10 = more than 9,650 CHF
99 = not recorded
Values
58
TRIP
HH
PERS
PERSTRIP
HH
HH
PERS
HH
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
intnum
kd_nr
pers_nr
kd_pers_nr
ver
spc
persdata
paneldata
qa
qplz
qba01
qba02
qba03
qba04
qba05
qba06
qba07
qba08
qba09
qba10
qba11
qba12
ba12: Destination #12
ba11: Destination #11
ba10: Destination #10
ba09: Destination #9
ba08: Destination #8
ba07: Destination #7
ba06: Destination #6
ba05: Destination #5
ba04: Destination #4
ba03: Destination #3
ba02: Destination #2
ba01: Destination #1
plz: post code of Swiss destinations
a: Major destination
paneldata: Panel data (from IhA.GfK) available
persdata: Personal data (from HH questionnaire) available
spc: Language demanded for survey
ver: Version of questionnaire used
kdpers_nr: Travel-Person-Number(kd_nr.pers_nr) (clear identification)
pers_nr: Person-number (# according to questionnaire
kd_nr: Customer number
intnum: Interview number
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Travel file (TMCH2004_Travel_Persons.sav)
Variable
6.3
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Measure
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
none
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
1 = German
2 = French
1 = paper questionnaire
2 = online questionnaire
none
none
none
none
Values
59
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
qba13
qba14
qba15
qba16
qba17
qba18
qba19
qba20
qbb01
qbb02
qbb03
qbb04
qbb05
qbb06
qbb07
qbb08
qbb09
qbb10
qbb11
qbb12
qbb13
qbb14
qbb15
qbb16
qbb17
qbb18
qbb19
bb19: Dest #19: Number of overnight stays
bb18: Dest #18: Number of overnight stays
bb17: Dest #17: Number of overnight stays
bb16: Dest #16: Number of overnight stays
bb15: Dest #15: Number of overnight stays
bb14: Dest #14: Number of overnight stays
bb13: Dest #13: Number of overnight stays
bb12: Dest #12: Number of overnight stays
bb11: Dest #11: Number of overnight stays
bb10: Dest #10: Number of overnight stays
bb09: Dest #9: Number of overnight stays
bb08: Dest #8: Number of overnight stays
bb07: Dest #7: Number of overnight stays
bb06: Dest #6: Number of overnight stays
bb05: Dest #5: Number of overnight stays
bb04: Dest #4: Number of overnight stays
bb03: Dest #3: Number of overnight stays
bb02: Dest #2: Number of overnight stays
bb01: Dest #1: Number of overnight stays
ba20: Destination #20
ba19: Destination #19
ba18: Destination #18
ba17: Destination #17
ba16: Destination #16
ba15: Destination #15
ba14: Destination #14
ba13: Destination #13
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
none
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
destination listing (see separate chapter 6.4)
Values
60
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
qbb20
qbc01
qbc02
qbc03
qbc04
qbc05
qbc06
qbc07
qbc08
qbc09
qbc10
qbc11
qbc12
qbc13
qbc14
qbc15
qbc16
qbc17
qbc18
qbc19
qbc20
qc
qd@1
qd@2
qd@3
d@3: Participating members of household - #3
d@2: Participating members of household - #2
d@1: Participating members of household - #1
c: Number of previous trips to main destination in the past 10 years by members of HH?
bc20: Dest #20: Category/ type of accommodation
bc19: Dest #19: Category/ type of accommodation
bc18: Dest #18: Category/ type of accommodation
bc17: Dest #17: Category/ type of accommodation
bc16: Dest #16: Category/ type of accommodation
bc15: Dest #15: Category/ type of accommodation
bc14: Dest #14: Category/ type of accommodation
bc13: Dest #13: Category/ type of accommodation
bc12: Dest #12: Category/ type of accommodation
bc11: Dest #11: Category/ type of accommodation
bc10: Dest #10: Category/ type of accommodation
bc09: Dest #9: Category/ type of accommodation
bc08: Dest #8: Category/ type of accommodation
bc07: Dest #7: Category/ type of accommodation
bc06: Dest #6: Category/ type of accommodation
bc05: Dest #5: Category/ type of accommodation
bc04: Dest #4: Category/ type of accommodation
bc03: Dest #3: Category/ type of accommodation
bc02: Dest #2: Category/ type of accommodation
bc01: Dest #1: Category/ type of accommodation
bb20: Dest #20: Number of overnight stays
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Metric
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Metric
Measure
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
none
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
accommodation listing (see separate chapter 6.4))
none
Values
61
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
qd@4
qd@5
qe_0
qe_1
qe_2
qf
qf_cat
qg1
qg2
qg3
qh1
qh2
qh3
qh4
h4: Type of trip: Cruise (with cruise ship or house boat)
h3: Type of trip: Sightseeing tour with car, bus or train
h2: Type of trip: City trip
h1: Type of trip: Beach vacation
g3: Year (date) of departure
g2: Month (date) of departure
g1: Day (date) of departure
f (cat): Categories of duration of trip in terms of nights
f: Duration of trip in terms of nights
e2: Number of travel companions (children < 14)
e1: Number of travel companions (total)
e0: Number of travel companions from household
d@5: Participating members of household - no information
d@4: Participating members of household - #4
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
=
=
=
=
=
=
1 night
2-3 nights
4-7 nights
8-14 nights
15-21 nights
more than 21 nights
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
1 = 2003
2 = 2004
none
none
1
2
3
4
5
6
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
Values
62
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
qh5
qh6
qh7
qh8
qh9
qh10
qh11
qh12
qh13
h13: Type of trip: Theme park vacation/ trip
h12: Type of trip: Events trip (cultural, sports, etc.)
h11: Type of trip: Sports vacation
h10: Type of trip: Winter vacation in warm areas with warm weather
h9: Type of trip: Winter vacation in the snow
h8: Type of trip: Regimen break
h7: Type of trip: Helath oriented vacation (Fitness/Wellness)
h6: Type of trip: Vacation in the mountains (not winter vacation in snow)
h5: Type of trip: Vacation in the coutryside
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Measure
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
Values
63
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
qh14
qh15
qh16
qh17
qh18
qh19
qi1
qi2
qi3
i3: Motivation: Liberation from obligations (and relations)
i2: Motivation: Get away from it all (daily routine)
i1: Motivation: Diversion; see and experience something new
h19: Type of trip: other
h18: Type of trip: Familiy event/ reason (e.g. wedding)
h17: Type of trip: Visit friends and relatives
h16: Type of trip: Shopping trip
h15: Type of trip: Language trip predominantly private)
h14: Type of trip: Study tour (predominantly private)
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Measure
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
no relevance at all
rather no relevance
rather great relevance
key/ core relevance
Values
64
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
qi4
qi5
qi6
qi7
qi8
qi9
qi10
qi11
qi12
i12: Motivation: Emjoy nightlife
i11: Motivation: Experience landscapes and nature
i10: Motivation: Enjoyment of comfort and pampering
i9: Motivation: Ability to make flexible, spontaneous decisions
i8: Motivation: Experience of exotic
i7: Motivation: Do something for my beauty
i6: Motivation: Rest and relaxation
i5: Motivation: Termination/ conclusion of a phase in one's life by means of a trip
i4: Motivation: Visit and experience sights and culture; expand own horizon
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Measure
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
Values
65
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
qi13
qi14
qi15
qi16
qi17
qi18
qi19
qi20
qi21
i21: Motivation: Experience of adventure and perhaps even risk
i20: Motivation: Experience of nativeness
i19: Motivation: Search for esteem
i18: Motivation: Sports (active)
i17: Motivation: Sun and beach
i16: Motivation: Challenge and stimulate oneself
i15: Motivation: Regeneration from daily home routine and job
i14: Motivation: Prestigous character of trip
i13: Motivation: Make contact with new people
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Measure
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
Values
66
m1_03: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Accommodation guide of destination:
Duration of study in minutes
m1_02: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Brochures of destination (region to
country): Duration of study in minutes
m1_01: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Brochures of destination (communal
level): Duration of study in minutes
l: Driver of decision (beacon)
k4: HH member #4: Share of influence with regard to travel decision
k3: HH member #3: Share of influence with regard to travel decision
k2: HH member #2: Share of influence with regard to travel decision
k1: HH member #1: Share of influence with regard to travel decision
j: Number of weeks between final decision to take trip and departure
i25: Motivation: other
i24: Motivation: Time for oneself
i23: Motivation: Time for the familiy
i22: Motivation: Time for partner
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
TRIP
qm1_03
PERSTRIP
qk3
TRIP
PERSTRIP
qk2
qm1_02
PERSTRIP
qk1
TRIP
PERSTRIP
qj
qm1_01
TRIP
qi25
PERSTRIP
TRIP
qi24
TRIP
TRIP
qi23
ql
TRIP
qi22
qk4
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Metric
Metric
Metric
Interval
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Measure
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
1
2
3
4
5
6
=
=
=
=
=
=
clearly by activities
rather by activities
non decisive; leaning towards activities
non decisive; leaning towards destination
rather by destination
clearly by destination
none
none
none
none
none
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Values
67
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
qm1_04
qm1_05
qm1_06
qm1_07
qm1_08
qm1_09
qm1_10
qm1_11
qm1_12
qm1_13
qm1_14
qm1_15
qm1_16
qm1_17
qm1_18
qm1_19
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Measure
m1_19: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Other sources of information:
Duration of action in minutes
m1_18: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Friends and relatives: Duration of
interaction in minutes
m1_17: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Internet/ WWW: Duration of targeted
browsing in minutes
m1_16: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Teletext: Duration of study in minutes
m1_15: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Broadcasts in TV and radio: Duration
of viewing and listening in minutes
m1_14: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Travel fairs and exhibitions: Duration
of visit in minutes
m1_13: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Video, DVD, CD-ROM: Duration of
viewing in minutes
m1_12: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Travel guides, books, journals:
Duration of study in minutes
m1_11: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Ads in newspapers and magazines:
Duration of study in minutes
m1_10: Information sources ahead of trip decision: NTO in Switzerland: Duration of
interaction in minutes
m1_09: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Tourist information at destination:
Duration of interaction in minutes
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
m1_08: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Rail service/ train stations: Duration of Metric
interaction in minutes
m1_07: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Travel agencies: Duration of
interaction in minutes
m1_06: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Brochures of tour operators: Duration
of study in minutes
m1_05: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Guide on homogenous group of
offers (e.g. ski. diving, etc): Duration of study in minutes
m1_04: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Accommodation guide of national or
international chain: Duration of study in minutes
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Values
68
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
qm2_01
qm2_02
qm2_03
qm2_04
qm2_05
qm2_06
qm2_07
qm2_08
qm2_09
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Measure
m2_09: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Tourist information at destination:
Valuation of cognition
m2_08: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Rail service/ train stations: Valuation
of cognition
m2_07: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Travel agencies: Valuation of
cognition
Interval
Interval
Interval
m2_06: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Brochures of tour operators: Valuation Interval
of cognition
m2_05: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Guide on homogenous group of
offers (e.g. ski. diving, etc): Valuation of cognition
m2_04: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Accommodation guide of national or
international chain: Valuation of cognition
m2_03: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Accommodation guide of destination:
Valuation of cognition
m2_02: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Brochures of destination (region to
country): valuation of cognition
m2_01: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Brochures of destination (communal
level): Valuation of cognition
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
Values
69
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
qm2_10
qm2_11
qm2_12
qm2_13
qm2_14
qm2_15
qm2_16
qm2_17
qm2_18
m2_18: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Friends and relatives: Valuation of
cognition
m2_17: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Internet/ WWW: Valuation of
cognition
m2_16: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Teletext: Valuation of cognition
m2_15: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Broadcasts in TV and radio: Valuation
of cognition
m2_14: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Travel fairs and exhibitions: Valuation
of cognition
m2_13: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Video, DVD, CD-ROM: Valuation of
cognition
m2_12: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Travel guides, books, journals:
Valuation of cognition
m2_11: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Ads in newspapers and magazines:
Valuation of cognition
m2_10: Information sources ahead of trip decision: NTO in Switzerland: Valuation of
cognition
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Measure
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
Values
70
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
qm2_19
qn1_01
qn1_02
qn1_03
qn1_04
qn1_05
qn1_06
qn1_07
qn1_08
qn1_09
qn1_10
qn1_11
qn1_12
qn1_13
qn1_14
qn1_15
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Interval
Measure
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
n1_15: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Broadcasts in TV and
radio: Duration of viewing and listening in minutes
n1_14: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Travel fairs and
exhibitions: Duration of visit in minutes
Metric
Metric
n1_13: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Video, DVD, CD-ROM: Metric
Duration of viewing in minutes
n1_12: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Travel guides, books,
journals: Duration of study in minutes
n1_11: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Ads in newspapers
and magazines: Duration of study in minutes
n1_10: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: NTO in Switzerland:
Duration of interaction in minutes
n1_09: Information sources ahead of departure/ trip decision: Tourist information at
destination: Duration of interaction in minutes
n1_08: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Rail service/ train
stations: Duration of interaction in minutes
n1_07: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Travel agencies:
Duration of interaction in minutes
n1_06: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Brochures of tour
operators: Duration of study in minutes
n1_05: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Guide on homogenous Metric
group of offers (e.g. ski. diving, etc): Duration of study in minutes
n1_04: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Acccommodation
guide of national or international chain: Duration of study in minutes
n1_03: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Acccommodation
guide of destination: Duration of study in minutes
n1_02: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Brochures of
destination (region to country): Duration of study in minutes
n1_01: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Brochures of
destination (communal level): Duration of study in minutes
m2_19: Information sources ahead of trip decision: Other sources of information:
Valuation of cognition
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
Values
71
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
qn1_16
qn1_17
qn1_18
qn1_19
qn2_01
qn2_02
qn2_03
qn2_04
qn2_05
qn2_06
qn2_07
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Measure
n2_07: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Travel agencies:
Valuation nof cognition
n2_06: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Brochures of tour
operators: Valuation of cognition
Interval
Interval
n2_05: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Guide on homogenous Interval
group of offers (e.g. ski. diving, etc): Valuation of cognition
n2_04: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Accommodation guide
of national or international chain: Valuation of cognition
n2_03: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Accommodation guide
of destination: Valuation of cognition
n2_02: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Brochures of
destination (region to country): Valuation of cognition
n2_01: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Brochures of
destination (communal level): Valuation of cognition
n1_19: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Other sources of
information: Duration of action in minutes
n1_18: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Friends and relatives:
Duration of interaction in minutes
n1_17: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Internet/ WWW:
Duration of targeted browsing in minutes
n1_16: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Teletext: Duration of
study in minutes
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
Values
72
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
qn2_08
qn2_09
qn2_10
qn2_11
qn2_12
qn2_13
qn2_14
qn2_15
qn2_16
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Interval
Measure
n2_16: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Teletext: Valuation of
cognition
n2_15: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Broadcasts in TV and
radio: Valuation of cognition
n2_14: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Travel fairs and
exhibitions: Valuation of cognition
Interval
Interval
Interval
n2_13: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Video, DVD, CD-ROM: Interval
Valuation of cognition
n2_12: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Travel guides, books,
journals: Valuation of cognition
n2_11: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Ads in newspapers
and magazines: Valuation of cognition
n2_10: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: NTO in Switzerland:
Valuation of cognition
n2_09: Information sources ahead of departure/ trip decision: Tourist information at
destination: Valuation of cognition
n2_08: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Rail service/ train
stations: Valuation of cognition
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
Values
73
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
qn2_17
qn2_18
qn2_19
qo
qp
qq
qr
qs
qt1@1
qt1@2
qt1@3
qt1@4
t1@4: Ways and means for booking of package = fax; FILTER: Booking of package = yes
t1@3: Ways and means for booking of package = letter; FILTER: Booking of package =
yes
t1@2: Ways and means for booking of package = face-to-face conversation; FILTER:
Booking of package = yes
t1@1: Ways and means for booking of package = telephone; FILTER: Booking of package
= yes
s: Time span (weeks) between booking of transport service and departure; FILTER:
Booking of transport service = yes
r: Time span (weeks) between booking of accommodation and departure; FILTER:
Booking of accommodation = yes
q: Time span (weeks) between package booking and departure; FILTER: Booking of
package = yes
p: Booked elements of trip
o: Type of organisation of trip
n2_19: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Other sources of
information: Valuation of cognition
n2_18: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Friends and relatives:
Valuation of cognition
n2_17: Information sources ahead of departure/ past trip decision: Internet/ WWW:
Valuation of cognition
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Interval
Interval
Interval
Measure
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
no package at all
Individual package (no fixed date)
Group package w/ travel guide
Group package wo/ travel guide
Other type of package
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
not important
rather not important
rather important
important
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
none
none
none
1 = no booking at all
2 = yes: booking of package
3 = yes: individual booking of single elements of trip
4 = yes: booking of accommodation
5 = yes: booking of transport
6: yes: booking of other elements of trip
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Values
74
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
qt1@5
qt1@6
qt1@7
qt1@8
qt2@1
qt2@2
qt2@3
qt2@4
qt2@5
qt2@6
qt2@7
qt2@8
qt3@1
qt3@2
qt3@3
qt3@4
qt3@5
t3@5: Ways and means for booking of transport service =E-Mail; FILTER: Booking of
transport service = yes
t3@4: Ways and means for booking of transport service =fax; FILTER: Booking of
transport service = yes
t3@3: Ways and means for booking of transport service = letter; FILTER: Booking of
transport service = yes
t3@2: Ways and means for booking of transport service = face-to-face conversation;
FILTER: Booking of transport service = yes
t3@1: Ways and means for booking of transport service = telephone; FILTER: Booking of
transport service = yes
t2@8: Ways and means for booking of accommodation = n/a; FILTER: Booking of
accommodation = yes
t2@7: Ways and means for booking of accommodation = other; FILTER: Booking of
accommodation = yes
t2@6: Ways and means for booking of accommodation = online/ Internet; FILTER:
Booking of accommodation = yes
t2@5: Ways and means for booking of accommodation = E-mail; FILTER: Booking of
accommodation = yes
t2@4: Ways and means for booking of accommodation = fax; FILTER: Booking of
accommodation = yes
t2@3: Ways and means for booking of accommodation = letter; FILTER: Booking of
accommodation = yes
t2@2: Ways and means for booking of accommodation = face-to-face conversation;
FILTER: Booking of accommodation = yes
t2@1: Ways and means for booking of accommodation = telephone; FILTER: Booking of
accommodation = yes
t1@8: Ways and means for booking of package = n/a; FILTER: Booking of package = yes
t1@7: Ways and means for booking of package = other; FILTER: Booking of package =
yes
t1@6: Ways and means for booking of package = online/ Internet; FILTER: Booking of
package = yes
t1@5: Ways and means for booking of package = E-mail; FILTER: Booking of package =
yes
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
Values
75
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
qt3@6
qt3@7
qt3@8
qu1@1
qu1@2
qu1@3
qu1@4
qu1@5
qu1@6
qu1@7
qu1@8
qu2@1
qu2@2
qu2@3
qu2@4
qu2@5
qu2@6
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
u2@6: Contact for accommodation booking = with accommodation; FILTER: Booking of
accommodation = yes
u2@5: Contact for accommodation booking = with transport company; FILTER: Booking
of accommodation = yes
u2@4: Contact for accommodation booking = with tourist info at destination; FILTER:
Booking of accommodation = yes
u2@3: Contact for accommodation booking = with rail service; FILTER: Booking of
accommodation = yes
u2@2: Contact for accommodation booking = with travel agency; FILTER: Booking of
accommodation = yes
u2@1: Contact for accommodation booking = with tour operator; FILTER: Booking of
accommodation = yes
u1@8: Contact for package booking = n/a; FILTER: Booking of package = yes
u1@7: Contact for package booking = other; FILTER: Booking of package = yes
u1@6: Contact for package booking = with accommodation; FILTER: Booking of package
= yes
u1@5: Contact for package booking = with transport company; FILTER: Booking of
package = yes
u1@4: Contact for package booking = with tourist info at destination; FILTER: Booking of
package = yes
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
u1@3: Contact for package booking = with rail service; FILTER: Booking of package = yes Nominal
u1@2: Contact for package booking = with travel agency; FILTER: Booking of package =
yes
u1@1: Contact for package booking = with tour operator; FILTER: Booking of package =
yes
t3@8: Ways and means for booking of transport service = n/a; FILTER: Booking of
transport service = yes
t3@7: Ways and means for booking of transport service = other; FILTER: Booking of
transport service = yes
t3@6: Ways and means for booking of transport service =online/ Internet; FILTER:
Booking of transport service = yes
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
Values
76
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
qu2@7
qu2@8
qu3@1
qu3@2
qu3@3
qu3@4
qu3@5
qu3@6
qu3@7
qu3@8
qv1@1
qv1@2
qv1@3
qv1@4
qv1@5
qv1@6
qv1@7
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
v1@7: Type of URL used for information collection = n.a.
v1@6: Type of URL used for information collection = other
v1@5: Type of URL used for information collection = travel portal (e.g. travel.ch)
v1@4: Type of URL used for information collection = other transport company
v1@3: Type of URL used for information collection = airline (e.g. swiss.com)
v1@2: Type of URL used for information collection = destination (e.g. londontown.com)
v1@1: Type of URL used for information collection = hotel chain (e.g. holidayinn.com)
u3@8: Contact for transport booking = n/a; FILTER: Booking of transport = yes
u3@7: Contact for transport booking = other: FILTER: Booking of transport = yes
u3@6: Contact for transport booking = with accommodation; FILTER: Booking of
transport = yes
u3@5: Contact for transport booking = with transport company; FILTER: Booking of
transport = yes
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
u3@4: Contact for transport booking = with tourist info at destination; FILTER: Booking of Nominal
transport = yes
u3@3: Contact for transport booking = with rail service; FILTER: Booking of transport =
yes
u3@2: Contact for transport booking = with travel agency; FILTER: Booking of transport =
yes
u3@1: Contact for transport booking = with tour operator; FILTER: Booking of transport =
yes
u2@8: Contact for accommodation booking = n/a; FILTER: Booking of accommodation =
yes
u2@7: Contact for accommodation booking = other; FILTER: Booking of accommodation
= yes
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
Values
77
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
qv2@1
qv2@2
qv2@3
qv2@4
qv2@5
qv2@6
qv2@7
qw@01
qw@02
qw@03
qw@04
qw@05
qw@06
qw@07
qw@08
qw@09
qw@10
w@10: Tour operator (company) = Helvetic Tours
w@09: Tour operator (company) = Frantour Suisse
w@08: Tour operator (company) = Falcon Travel
w@07: Tour operator (company) = Eurotrek
w@06: Tour operator (company) = Esco & Escolette
w@05: Tour operator (company) = Dornbierer Reisen
w@04: Tour operator (company) = Coop Reisen
w@03: Tour operator (company) = Carib Tours
w@02: Tour operator (company) = ACS/ TCS
w@01: Tour operator (company) = self organised
v2@7: Type of URL used for travel booking = n.a.
v2@6: Type of URL used for travel booking = other
v2@5: Type of URL used for travel booking = travel portal (e.g. travel.ch)
v2@4: Type of URL used for travel booking = other transport company
v2@3: Type of URL used for travel booking = airline (e.g. swiss.com)
v2@2: Type of URL used for travel booking = destination (londontown.com)
v2@1: Type of URL used for travel booking = hotel chain (e.g. holidayinn.com)
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
Values
78
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
qw@11
qw@12
qw@13
qw@14
qw@15
qw@16
qw@17
qw@18
qw@19
qw@20
qw@21
qw@22
qw@23
qw@24
qw@25
qw@26
qw@27
w@27: Tour operator (company) = Rotunda Tours
w@26: Tour operator (company) = Reisen Netto
w@25: Tour operator (company) = Railtour Suisse
w@24: Tour operator (company) = Pronto Reisen
w@23: Tour operator (company) = Private Safaris
w@22: Tour operator (company) = Popularis
w@21: Tour operator (company) = Plus Reisen
w@20: Tour operator (company) = Passpartout Reisen
w@19: Tour operator (company) = Parikos
w@18: Tour operator (company) = Opus Tours
w@17: Tour operator (company) = M-Travel
w@16: Tour operator (company) = Marti Reisen
w@15: Tour operator (company) = Manta Reisen
w@14: Tour operator (company) = Kuoni Reisen
w@13: Tour operator (company) = Interhome
w@12: Tour operator (company) = Imholz
w@11: Tour operator (company) = Hotelplan
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
Values
79
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
qw@28
qw@29
qw@30
qw@31
qw@32
qw@33
qw@34
qw@35
qw@36
qx
qy@01
qy@02
qy@03
y@03: Means of transport at/ within main destination = scheduled flight
y@02: Means of transport at/ within main destination = railway/ train
y@01: Means of transport at/ within main destination = car (own/ rental), motor home
(own/ rental)
x: Major means of transport from home to the destination
w@36: Tour operator (company) = n/a
w@35: Tour operator (company) = other
w@34: Tour operator (company) = Club/ school/ employer
w@33: Tour operator (company) = Wettstein
w@32: Tour operator (company) = Wagon Lits Tourisme
w@31: Tour operator (company) = Voegele Reisen
w@30: Tour operator (company) = TUI Suisse
w@29: Tour operator (company) = Sky Tours
w@28: Tour operator (company) = Sierra Mar Tours
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
1 = car (own/ rental), motor home (own/ rental)
2 = railway/ train
3 = scheduled flight departing from Swiss airport
4 = scheduled flight departing from non-Swiss airport
5 = charter flight departing from Swiss airport
6 = charter flight departing from non-Swiss airport
7 = ship/ cruise
8 = bus
9 = motor bike, motor cycle
10 = bicycle
11 = other
12 = n.a.
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
Values
80
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
qy@04
qy@05
qy@06
qy@07
qy@08
qy@09
qy@10
qy@11
qy@12
qy@13
qz_01
qz_02
qz_03
qz_04
qz_05
qz_06
qz_07
qz_08
qz_09
qz_10
qz_11
z_11: Sports: sailing
z_10: Sports: surfing/ windsurfing
z_09: Sports: diving/ snorkelling
z_08: Sports: swimming/ bathing
z_07: Sports: mountain biking
z_06: Sports: bicycling
z_05: Sports: gymnastics/ vita parcours
z_04: Sports: mountaineering
z_03: Sports: jogging/ wagging
z_02: Sports: trekking/ tramping
z_01: Sports: walking/ hiking
y@04: Means of transport at/ within main destination = n.a.
y@04: Means of transport at/ within main destination = other
y@04: Means of transport at/ within main destination = taxi
y@04: Means of transport at/ within main destination = subway/ underground
y@04: Means of transport at/ within main destination = mountain railway/ chairlift,
cableway, etc.
y@04: Means of transport at/ within main destination = ship/ boat
y@04: Means of transport at/ within main destination = bicycle
y@04: Means of transport at/ within main destination = motor bike/ motor cycle
y@04: Means of transport at/ within main destination = bus
y@04: Means of transport at/ within main destination = charter flight
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Nominal
Measure
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
0 = no
1 = yes
Values
81
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
qz_12
qz_13
qz_14
qz_15
qz_16
qz_17
qz_18
qz_19
qz_20
qz_21
qz_22
qz_23
qz_24
qz_25
qz_26
qz_27
qz_28
qz_29
qz_30
qz_31
qz_32
qz_33
qz_34
qz_35
qz_36
qaa_01
qaa_02
aa_02: N/ Sports: walking on theme paths
aa_01: N/ Sports: walking
z_36: Sports: other
z_35: Sports: tobogganing/ sledging/ bob/ skeleton
z_34: Sports: hiking in winter (on official winter hiking tracks)
z_33: Sports: ice skating/ hockey/ curling
z_32: Sports: ski touring/ ski hiking
z_31: Sports: cross country ski
z_30: Sports: snowboarding (on and off slopes)
z_29: Sports: downhill ski/ carving off slopes
z_28: Sports: downhill ski/ carving on slopes
z_27: Sports: parachuting/ paragliding/ delta sailing
z_26: Sports: horse riding
z_25: Sports: mini golf
z_24: Sports: boccia/ lawn bowling
z_23: Sports: bowling
z_22: Sports: canyoning
z_21: Sports: river rafting
z_20: Sports: inline skating/ kickboard/ skateboard
z_19: Sports: golf
z_18: Sports: ping-pong/ table tennis
z_17: Sports: other ballgames
z_16: Sports: volleyball
z_15: Sports: badminton/ shuttlecock
z_14: Sports: squash
z_13: Sports: tennis
z_12: Sports: rowing/ paddling
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Measure
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Values
82
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
qaa_03
qaa_04
qaa_05
qaa_06
qaa_07
qaa_08
qaa_09
qaa_10
qaa_11
qaa_12
qaa_13
qaa_14
qaa_15
qaa_16
qaa_17
qaa_18
qaa_19
qaa_20
qaa_21
qaa_22
qaa_23
qaa_24
qaa_25
qaa_26
qaa_27
qaa_28
qaa_29
aa_29: N/ Sports: go to sauna
aa_28: N/ Sports: do wellness of any kind
aa_27: N/ Sports: do regimens
aa_26: N/ Sports: spend value time with the partner
aa_25: N/ Sports: play with the children/ undertake activities with children
aa_24: N/ Sports: play games
aa_23: N/ Sports: go to parties of any kind
aa_22: N/ Sports: have a drink
aa_21: N/ Sports: go dancing
aa_20: N/ Sports: spend time at the beach
aa_19: N/ Sports: spend time basking in the sun
aa_18: N/ Sports: spend time sleeping/ relaxing/ hanging out
aa_17: N/ Sports: spend time reading books/ journals/ newspapers
aa_17: N/ Sports: watch TV/ listen to the radio
aa_15: N/ Sports: go to fairs
aa_14: N/ Sports: visit theme park
aa_13: N/ Sports: visit zoos/nature parks
aa_12: N/ Sports: go to lectures/ exhibitions
aa_11: N/ Sports: go to/ participate in events (cultural/ sports)
aa_10: N/ Sports: get to know other/ new people
aa_09: N/ Sports: go to the theatre/ movies
aa_08: N/ Sports: visit museums
aa_07: N/ Sports: sightseeing (built and natural objects)
aa_06: N/ Sports: excursion by boat/ ship
aa_05: N/ Sports: excursion by mountain railway/ cableway/ chairlift, etc.
aa_04: N/ Sports: excursions by car
aa_03: N/ Sports: strolling/ shopping
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Measure
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Values
83
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
TRIP
TRIP
TRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
PERSTRIP
qaa_30
qaa_31
qaa_32
qaa_33
qaa_34
qaa_35
qbb
qcc
qdd
qef
qeea
qeeb
qeec
qffa
qffb
qffc
qffd
ff: d) N/Package: expenditure for extras ppP
ff: c) N/Package: expenditure for F&B ppP
ff: b) N/Package: expenditure for accommodation ppP
ff: a) N/Package: expenditure for transport ppP
ee: c) Package: expenditure for extras ppP
ee: b) Package: expenditure for additional F&B ppP
ee: a) Package: package expenditure ppP
ef: Type of trip organisation (package vs. individual)
dd: Satisfaction with chosen accommodation
cc: Satisfaction with touristy offers in chosen destination
bb: Overall satisfaction with entire trip
aa_35: N/ Sports: other
aa_34: N/ Sports: fish and hunt
aa_33: N/ Sports: write letters/ cards/ Emails
aa_32: N/ Sports: go to church
aa_31: N/ Sports: try the local cuisine
aa_30: N/ Sports: take pictures/ videos
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Nominal
Interval
Interval
Interval
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Metric
Measure
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
not satisfied at all
rather not satisfied
rather satisfied
very satisfied
1 = package
2 = non package
3 = n.a.
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Number of days with activity executed at least once
Values
84
TRIP
TRIP
qgg
qhh
hh: Likelihood of re-selecting the same accommodation
gg: Likelihood of returning to same destination
Variable label
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Level
Variable
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Interval
Interval
Measure
1 = 0%
2 = 10%
3 = 20%
...
11 = 100%
1 = 0%
2 = 10%
3 = 20%
...
11 = 100%
Values
85
Destination and accommodation coding
Switzerland (multiple destinations)
Engadine Upper/ Lower)
Other canton of Grisons
Bernese Upper Land
Other caton of Berne
Central Switzerland: LU, ZG
Central Switzerland: OW, NW
Central Switzerland: SZ, UR
TI: North of Monte Ceneri
TI: South of Monte Ceneri
VS: upper (german)
VS: lower (french)
Lake Geneva: VD, GE
Alpes vaudoise (VD)
Jura Vaudoise (VD)
Other canton of VD
Jura area: NE, BE, SO
Eastern Switzerland: AR, AI
Eastern Switzerland: SG
Eastern Switzerland: TG, SH
Eastern Switzerland: GL
Liechtenstein
other Switzerland
Austria (multiple destinations)
Burgenland (Eisenstadt)
Carinthia (Klagenfurt)
Niederösterreich (St. Pölten)
Oberösterreich (Linz)
Salzburg (Salzburg)
Steiermark (Graz)
Tyrol (Innsbruck)
Vorarlberg (Bregenz)
Vienna
11000
11011
11012
11021
11029
11031
11032
11033
11041
11042
11051
11052
11061
11062
11069
11071
11072
11081
11082
11083
11084
11085
11099
12000
12011
12012
12013
12014
12015
12016
12017
12018
12019
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Destination
Code
Destinations
6.4
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
86
Austria: n/d, other
Germany (multiple destinations)
Baden-Württemberg (Stuttgart)
Bavaria (Munich)
Berlin and Brandenburg (Potsdam)
Hamburg und Schleswig-Holstein (Kiel)
Hessia (Wiesbaden)
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern (Schwerin)
Lower Saxony (Hannover) and Bremen
North Rhine - Westphalia (Düsseldorf)
Rheinland-Pfalz (Mainz)
Saarland (Saarbrücken)
Saxony (Drseden)
Sachsen-Anhalt (Magdeburg)
Thuringia (Erfurt)
Germany: n/d, other
France (multiple destinations)
Alsace (Strasbourg)
Aquitaine (Bordeaux)
Auvergne (Clermont-Ferrand)
Bourgogne (Dijon)
Bretagne (Rennes)
Centre (Orleans)
Champagne-Ardenne (Chalons-sur-Marne)
Corsica (Ajaccio)
Franche-Comte (Besancon)
Ile-de-France (Paris)
Languedoc-Roussillon (Montpellier)
Limousin (Limoges)
Lorraine/Lothringen (Metz)
Midi-Pyrenee (Toulouse)
Nord-Pas-de-Calais (Lille)
Basse-Normandie (Caen)
Haute-Normandie (Rouen)
Pays de la Loire (Nantes)
Picardie (Amiens)
12020
12001
12021
12022
12023
12024
12025
12026
12027
12028
12029
12030
12031
12032
12033
12039
12040
12041
12042
12043
12044
12045
12046
12047
12048
12049
12050
12051
12052
12053
12054
12055
12056
12057
12058
12059
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Destination
Code
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
87
Poitoi-Charentes (Poitiers)
Provence-Alpes (Marseille)
Rhone-Alpes (Lyon)
France: n/d, other
Italy (multiple destinations)
Abruzzo (LAquila)
Basilicata (Potenza)
Calabria (Catanzaro)
Campania (Neapel)
Emilia-Romagna (Bologna)
Friuli-Venezia-Giulia (Trieste)
Lazio (Roma)
Liguria (Genova)
Lombardia (Milano)
Marche (Ancona)
Molise (Campobasso)
Piemonte (Torino)
Puglia (Bari)
Sardegna (Cagliari)
Sicilia (Palermo)
Toscana (Firenze)
Trentino-Alto Adige (Trento)
Umbria (Perugia)
Valle dAosta( Aosta)
Veneto (Venezia)
Italy: n/d, other
Spain (multiple destinations)
Spain: Mediterranean coast (main land)
Spain: Baleares (Mallorca, Ibiza, Menorca)
Spain: Canary Islands
Spain: Andalusia
Spain: Madrid, Barcelona, Bilbao
Spain: n/d; other
Portugal: Algarve
Portugal: Madeira
Portugal: Lisboa
12060
12061
12062
12069
12070
12071
12072
12073
12074
12075
12076
12077
12078
12079
12080
12081
12082
12083
12084
12085
12086
12087
12088
12089
12090
12099
13000
13011
13012
13013
13014
13015
13019
13020
13021
13022
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Destination
Code
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
88
Portugal: n/d; other
Portugal: n/d, other
Greece (multiple destinations)
Greece: Mainland
Greece: Rhodes
Greece: Crete
Greece: other islands
Malta
Slovenia
Croatia
Serbia and Montenegro
Bosnia and Herezegowina
Cyrpus (Greece)
Southern Europe: n/d, other
Belgium
Luxemburg
Belgium and Luxemburg
Netherlands
UK: England and London
UK: Scotland and Wales; Northern Ireland
UK: n/d; other
Eire
Denmark (excl. Greenland)
Norway
Sweden
Finland
Iceland
Greenland
Scandinavia: n/d, other
Hungary
Hungary West (Balaton)
Hungary East (Puszta)
Hungary: Budapest
Tschech Republik
Slovakia
Romania
13023
13029
13030
13031
13032
13033
13039
13040
13050
13060
13070
13080
13090
13099
14000
14001
14010
14020
14031
14032
14039
14040
15010
15020
15030
15040
15050
15060
15099
16000
16021
16022
16023
16030
16040
16050
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Destination
Code
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
89
Bulgaria
Polen
Balitic states (Estland, Lithuania, Latvia)
Estland
Lithuania
Latvia
Russia (European)
Belarus
Ukraine
Eastern Europe: n/d, other (West of Ural)
Antigua and Barbuda
Argentina
Bahamas
Barbados
Belize
Bolivia
Brasil
Chile
Costa Rica
Dominica
Dominican Republic
Ecuador
El Salvador
Grenada
Guatemala
Guyana
Haiti
Honduras
Jamaica
Canada (multiple destinations)
Canada: Newfoundland, Nova Scotia
Canada: Quebec
Canada: Sakatchewan
Canada: Manitoba
Canada: Alberta
Canada: British Columbia
16060
16070
16080
16081
16082
16083
16090
16091
16092
16099
21010
21020
21030
21040
21050
21060
21070
21080
21090
21100
21110
21120
21130
21140
21150
21160
21170
21180
21190
21000
21201
21202
21203
21204
21205
21206
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Destination
Code
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
90
Colombia
Cuba
Mexico
Nicaragua
Panama
Paraguay
Peru
St. Kitts and Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent
Surinam
Trinidad and Tobago
Uruguay
USA (multiple destinations)
USA: New England (Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Maryland,
Virginia, West Virginia, Delaware) (inkl. Boston, New York, Washington D.C.)
USA: Florida
USA: South (N. und S. Carolina, Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana)
USA: Southwest (Colorado, Utah, Nevada, California, Arizona, New Mexico)
USA: Northwest (Oregon, Washington State, Idaho, Montana, Wyoming)
USA: Hawaii
USA: Alaska
USA: other
Venezuela
America: n/d, other
Egypt
Algeria
Angola
Equatorial-Guinea
Ethiopia
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Ivory Coast
Djibouti
Eritrea
21230
21240
21250
21260
21270
21280
21290
21300
21310
21320
21330
21340
21350
21359
21360
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
21361
21362
21363
21364
21365
21366
21367
21370
21380
31010
31020
31030
31040
31050
31060
31070
31080
31090
31100
31110
31120
Destination
91
Code
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
Gabun
Gambia
Ghana
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Cameroon
Cap Verde
Kenia
Comores
Congo
Congo (Zaire)
Lesotho
Liberia
Libya
Madagascar
Malawi
Mali
Marocco
Mauretania
Mauritius
Mosambique
Namibia
Niger
Nigeria
Ruanda
Sambia
Sao Tome
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Simbabwe
Somalia
South Afrrica
Sudan
Swasiland
Tansania
Togo
31130
31140
31150
31160
31170
31180
31190
31200
31210
31220
31230
31240
31250
31260
31270
31280
31290
31300
31310
31320
31330
31340
31350
31360
31370
31380
31390
31400
31410
31420
31430
31440
31450
31460
31470
31480
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Destination
Code
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
92
Tschad
Tunesia
Uganda
Western Sahara
Zaire
Central Africa
Africa: n/d, other
Afghanistan
Armenia
Aserbaidschan
Bahrain
Bangla Desh
Bhutan
Brunei
China
Georgia
Indien
Indonesien
Iraq
Iran
Israel
Japan
Jemen
Jordania
Cambodia
Kasachstan
Katar
Kyrgyzstan
Kuwait
Laos
Lebanon
Malaysia and Singapore
Maldives
Mongolia
Myanmar (Burma)
Nepal
31490
31500
31510
31520
31530
31540
31550
41010
41020
41030
41040
41050
41060
41070
41080
41090
41100
41110
41120
41130
41140
41150
41160
41170
41180
41190
41200
41210
41220
41230
41240
41250
41260
41270
41280
41290
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Destination
Code
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
93
North Korea
Oman
East-Timor
Pakistan
Palestina
Papua Neuguinea
Philippines
Russia (Asia)
Saudi Arabien
Seychelles
Sri Lanka
South Korea
Syria
Tajikistan
Taiwan
Thailand
Turkey
Turkmenistan
Usbekistan
UAE United Arab Emirates
Viet Nam
Asia: n/d, other
Australia
Australia: Queensland
Australia: New South Wales
Australia: Victoria
Australia: South Australia
Australia: Northern Territory
Australia: Western Australia
Fiji
Kiribati
Marshall Islands
Mikronesia
Nauru
New Zealand
New Zealand North Island
41300
41310
41320
41330
41340
41350
41360
41370
41380
41390
41400
41410
41420
41430
41440
41450
41460
41470
41480
41490
41500
41510
51000
51011
51012
51013
51014
51015
51016
51020
51030
51040
51050
51060
51072
51070
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Destination
Code
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
94
New Zealand South Island
Palau
Salomones
Samoa
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Oceania: n/d, other
World: n/d, other countries
51071
51080
51090
51100
51110
51120
51130
51140
99999
Hotel/ Resort/ Motel ****-*****
Hotel/ Resort/ Motel **-***
Hotel/ Resort/ Motel *
Friends and relatives
B&B/ Private room (Residential stay)
Holiday residence owned by person within travelling household
Holiday residence, rented from friends and relatives at preferential terms
Holiday residence, rented at regular terms
Camping 8tent, RV, Camper
Youth Hostel/ Backpacker
Hut, Camp
Farmstay
Ship/ Boat (Cruise)
Health resort/ Sanatorium
Plane, train, bus, or car
other
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
© IDT-HSG Institute for Public Services and Tourism at the University of St. Gallen. All rights reserved.
Type of accommodation
Code
Accommodation
Destination
Code
Travel Market Switzerland: Basic Report and Database Specification
95