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Surgery Tip
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Pinnacle News
Technical Question
We are pleased to present the first edition of the Pinnacle newsletter. In this space, you will find surgical tips and answers to frequently asked technical questions. Each issue will also explore new trends at Pinnacle and present descriptions of upcoming product releases. We look forward to hearing from you. Please contact us with any comments/suggestions concerning this newsletter, current products or future products.
Lactate Biosensor
For recording real-time changes in lactate concentration in the CNS.
In vitro and in vivo lactate biosensor data
Donna A. Johnson
CEO
Wireless EEG/EMG/BIO
2 EEG Channels
1 EMG Channel
1 Biosensor Channel
We’ve listened to your requests for more wireless tools, and we are excited to announce the release of our wireless 3-Channel EEG/EMG system for rats!
A staple of Pinnacle’s EEG/EMG systems is the use of a head-mounted amplifier providing exceptionally clean, artifact free waveforms. We’ve taken this great quality of our tethered systems and combined it with the innovative “Rat Hat” design to create a turn-key wireless 3-Channel EEG/EMG system for rats.
Wireless technology provides the freedom and flexibility for researchers to expand sleep, seizure, and behavioral paradigms beyond the restriction of a tether!
The 8266 wireless amplifier/transmitter is capable of amplifying and digitizing up to three biopotential channels before the data are transmitted to an 8163 basestation. Two 8266s can be paired to a single 8163 basestation, and

Here's a quick tip for improv ing the cleanliness of your EMG signals: additional basestations can be added as needed for larger installations.
Specification Sheet - 8266/8163 Wireless EEG/EMG
System for Rats
EMG electrodes inserted directly into the rodent nuchal muscle will provide a much better signal than
EMG electrodes which are simply laid on top of the muscle. During surgery, use curved forceps to make a pocket in the rodent nuchal muscle and insert the electrodes straight into the muscle.
Apply dental acrylic to secure the wires in place. No additional anchoring is necessary for these EMG electrodes.
We are very excited to introduce Dr. Peter Petillo as
Pinnacle’s Chief Science Officer and to feature him as our first spotlighted employee!
Dr. Petillo has a long and very distinguished career in both the academic and biopharmaceutical worlds. As CSO at Pinnacle, Peter is responsible for all chemistry and biology activities in the company.
Look for the Pinnacle booth at the following conferences. Please stop by and say hello.
Associated Professionals Sleep
Society (APSS)
June 11-15
Minneapolis, Minnesota
Booth #1024
(See the Pinnacle News section for more information)
College on Problems of Drug
Dependence (CPDD)
June 18-23
Hollywood, Florida
Research Society for Alcoholism
June 25-29
Atlanta, Georgia
International Brain Research
Organization (IBRO)
July 14-18
Florence, Italy
Booth #48
What is the expected output range in microvolts for EEG and EMG signals when using mice or rats?
Typically EEG signals will range anywhere from ± 50 µV to ± 300 µV for mice or rats. EMG signals typically range from ± 10 µV to ± 300 µV.
Pinnacle preamplifiers amplify this signal 100x (10x for seizure in rats) at the head of the animal. There is a second amplification stage of 50x at the 8206 &
8401 data acquisition boxes. This
Get to know Peter better through a full question and answer session
Gass, J.T., C.M. Sinclair, R.M. Cleva, J.J. Widholm, and
M.F. Olive. 2010. Alcohol-seeking behavior is associated with increased glutamate transmission in basolateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens as measured by glutamate-oxidase-coated biosensors . Addiction Biology. no. doi:10.1111/j.1369-
1600.2010.00262.x.
Uslaner, J.M., S.M. Smith, S.L. Huszar, R. Pachmerhiwala,
R.M. Hinchliffe, J.D. Vardigan, S.J. Nguyen, N.O. Surles, L.
Yao, J.C. Barrow, V.N. Uebele, J.J. Renger, J. Clark, and
P.H. Hutson. 2010. T-type calcium channel antagonism produces antipsychotic-like effects and reduces stimulantinduced glutamate release in the nucleus accumbens of rats.
Neuropharmacology . doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2010.11.015.
Naylor, E., D.V. Aillon, S. Gabbert, H. Harmon, D.A.
Johnson, G.S. Wilson, and P.A. Petillo. 2011. Simultaneous real-time measurement of EEG/EMG and L-glutamate in mice: a biosensor study of neuronal activity during sleep . Journal of
Electroanalytical Chemistry. doi:10.1016/j.jelechem.2010.12.031
Guisseppi-Elie, A.. 2011. An implantable biochip to influence patient outcomes following trauma-induced hemorrhage . Anal
Bioanal Chem. doi: 10.1007/s00216-010-4271-x.
Yasuzawa, M., K. Edagawa, T. Matsunaga, H. Takaoka, and
T. Yabutani. 2011. Highly selective needle-type glucose sensors prepared by the immobilization of glucose oxidase on gammapolyglutamic acid film . Analytical Sciences. doi.

overall gain totals over 5,000x from the initial signals. The software displays the data in microvolts.
Do you have a Linked In account? Click Here to Join
Pinnacle's new Product Forum
Pinnacle has upgraded many of its manuals in the last two months.
The Frequency Agile System
User Manual has 9 sections and is 97 pages long.
The 8200 User Manual has 9 sections and is 96 pages long.
The 8400 User Manual has 11 sections and is 195 pages long.
Most recently a section on how to use the TTL-I/O lines has been added at the end of this document.
Request a copy of a manual
10.2116/analsci.27.337JOI.
Mazzone, G.L., and A. Nistri. 2011. Electrochemical detection of endogenous glutamate release from rat spinal cord organotypic slices as a real-time method to monitor excitotoxicity . Journal of
Neuroscience Methods. Doi: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2011.01.033.
Rahmadi, M., M. Narita, A, Yamashita, S. Imai, N.
Kuzumaki, T. Suzuki. 2011. Sleep disturbances associated with an enhanced orexinergic system induced by chronic treatment with parozetine and milnacipran . Synapse. 65(7): 652-
657. Doi: 10.1002/syn.20893.
Takemura, Y., A. Yamashita, H. Horiuchi, M. Furuya, M.
Yanase, K. Niikura, S. Imai, N. Hatakeyama, H. Kinoshita, Y.
Tsukiyama, E. Senba, M. Matoba, N. Kuzumaki, M.
Yamazaki, T. Suzuki, and M. Narita. 2011. Effects of gabapentin on brain hyperactivity related to pain and sleep disturbance under a neuropathic pain-like state using fMRI and brain wave analysis . Synapse. 65(7): 668-676. Doi:
10.1002/Syn.20898.
Narita, M., K. Niikura, K. Nanj o-Niikura, M. Narita, M. Furuya, A. Yamashita,
M. Saeki, Y. Matsushima, S. Imai, T. Shimizu, M. Asato, N. Kuzumaki, D.
Okutsu, K. Miyoshi, M. Suzuki, Y. Tsukiyama, M. Konno, K. Yomiya, M.
Matoba, and T. Suzuki. 2011. Sleep disturbances in a neuropathic pain-like condition in the mouse are associated with altered GABAergic transmission in the cingulate cortex . Pain. Doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.02.016.
Calderon, D.P., R. Fremont, F. Kraenzlin, and K. Khodakhah. 2011. The neural substrates of rapid-onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism. Nature Neuroscience . 14:357-
365. Doi: 10.1038/nn.2753.
Raffo, E., A. Coppola, T. Ono, S.W. Briggs, and A.S. Galanopoulou. 2011. A pulse rapamycin therapy for infantile spasms and associated cognitive decline .
Neurobiology of Disease. Doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2011.03.021.
Email:
For general information, email: info@pinnaclet.com
For sales, email: sales@pinnaclet.com
Phone:
785-832-8866
Mail:
Pinnacle Technology
2721 Oregon St.
Lawrence, KS 66046
Website: www.pinnaclet.com

Can we improve this newsletter?
Do you have a technical question you would like answered? Is there anything you would like to see in future issues?
Please email us at sales@pinnaclet.com
and we will keep your suggestions in mind for future issues.
2011 Product Catalog
Biosensor Review Poster
Pinnacle's engineers have been hard at work developing new products and improving our old ones, but the biggest news of the new quarter may be the release of our new acquisition software package, Sirenia
TM
. This platform supports the 8100, 8200, and
8400 product lines; in other words, all of Pinnacle's previous software platforms will be consolidated into one, userfriendly package.
This free software package handles data acquisition, data visualization, basic analysis, and data exportation.
A beta version of this new software will be available this May, with a full release scheduled for July. Pinnacle plans to follow the release of Sirenia with paid analysis packages .
Pinnacle's Director of Biomedical Research, Erik Naylor, will give an oral presentation at the Associated Professional Sleep
Societies conference in June titled: "Lactate acts as a Primary
Energy Source for Neuronal Activity during Waking and
REM sleep."
Erik is Pinnacle's in-house sleep expert and helped develop our
EEG/EMG recording systems. He used Pinnacle's 8400 combined EEG/EMG/Biosensor system to simultaneously measure lactate changes with EEG/EMG data in order to relate changes in lactate concentration to sleep state.
Those who are attending the APSS conference in Minneapolis
Minnesota can find Erik's abstract (ID #0109) during the "O07:
Sleep and Energy Regulation" session on Monday, June 13, from 3:00-5:00 pm. Erik' presentation is at 3:30 PM.
Please visit us at Booth #1024.