Health and Safety
Executive
Vibration measurements on
torque multipliers
Prepared by the Health and Safety Laboratory
for the Health and Safety Executive 2010
RR794
Research Report
Health and Safety
Executive
Vibration measurements on
torque multipliers
Richard Heaton MPhys(Hons)
Sue Hewitt BA(Hons) MSc
Health and Safety Laboratory
Harpur Hill
Buxton
Derbyshire
SK17 9JN
It was brought to HSE’s attention that torque multipliers were being used instead of impact wrenches in
some instances in the workplace. Given that torque multipliers are purely rotary machines, the vibration level
is likely to be much lower than that on an impact wrench. HSL had not previously measured the vibration
magnitudes associated with the use of torque multipliers and so were asked by HSE to see whether they
are a practicable alternative to impact wrenches and to investigate the differences in vibration exposure
associated with their use.
When comparing HSL measured emission values with field measurements, the emission values are lower
than the field measurements, indicating that the risk is underestimated by the emission values. However the
risk from vibration exposure associated with the use of the machines is very low.
The number of vibration exposure points incurred from use of a torque multiplier when processing 100 nuts
is approximately ten times lower than would be incurred with an impact wrench, however it would take three
times longer.
A torque multiplier may be the preferred choice of tool if an operator is subject to vibration exposure from
using other machines, as very few vibration exposure points will be incurred from its use.
This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its contents,
including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily
reflect HSE policy.
HSE Books
© Crown copyright 2010
First published 2010
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise) without the prior written permission of the copyright owner.
Applications for reproduction should be made in writing to:
Licensing Division, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office,
St Clements House, 2-16 Colegate, Norwich NR3 1BQ
or by e-mail to hmsolicensing@cabinet-office.x.gsi.gov.uk
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors gratefully acknowledge those who assisted
in this project, in particular the tool manufacturers
who supplied the tools and the site used for the field
measurements.
ii
CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................... 1
1.1
Outline of work......................................................................................... 2
2
TOOLS TESTED......................................................................................... 3
3 LABORATORY TESTING OF VIBRATION EMISSION ............................. 4
3.1
Emission test procedure for torque multipliers......................................... 4
3.2
Transducer mounting locations................................................................ 5
3.3
Data acquisition and analysis .................................................................. 5
3.4
Emission test results................................................................................ 7
4 FIELD MEASUREMENTS .......................................................................... 8
4.1
Measurement protocol ............................................................................. 8
4.2
Data acquisition and analysis .................................................................. 8
4.3
Results of field measurements ................................................................ 9
5 DISCUSSION............................................................................................ 10
5.1
Comparison of declared and measured emission.................................. 10
5.2
Comparison of measured emission and field measurements ................ 10
5.3
Comparison of a torque multiplier and an impact wrench ...................... 11
6
CONCLUSIONS........................................................................................ 12
7
REFERENCES.......................................................................................... 13
APPENDICES .................................................................................................. 14
Appendix A – Emission and field measurement equipment ............................. 14
Appendix B – Emission and field measurement data ....................................... 15
iii
iv
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Objectives
Torque multipliers are handheld, air driven, non-impacting torque delivery tools intended to
tighten and loosen nuts, bolts and threaded fasteners.
It was brought to HSE’s attention that torque multipliers were being used instead of impact
wrenches in some instances in the workplace. Given that torque multipliers are purely rotary
tools, the vibration level is likely to be much lower than that on an impact wrench.
HSL had not previously measured the vibration magnitudes associated with the use of torque
multipliers and so were asked by HSE to investigate two tools as part of the current work
programme on the comparison of emission data and in-use magnitudes, to see whether torque
multipliers are a practicable alternative to impact wrenches and to investigate the differences in
vibration exposure associated with their use.
Main Findings
Using the standard test outlined in ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008, manufacturers’ declared emission
values were verified according to the criteria in BS EN 12096:1997 for torque multipliers using
the values from both brake device and free running tests.
When comparing HSL measured emission values with field measurements, the emission values
are lower than the field measurements, indicating that the risk is underestimated by the emission
values. However the risk from vibration exposure associated with the use of the machines is
very low.
The number of vibration exposure points incurred from use of a torque multiplier when
processing 100 nuts is approximately ten times lower than would be incurred with an impact
wrench.
A torque multiplier may be the preferred choice of tool if an operator is subject to vibration
exposure from using other machines, as very few vibration exposure points will be incurred
from its use. It may also be advantageous if a specific torque is required, as changing the
pressure on the external regulator can easily vary and set the torque. Torque multipliers are
however slower than impact wrenches and there is also increased potential for trapping injuries
to occur, due to the movement of the reaction bar. An impulse nutrunner may also be a suitable
alternative to an impact wrench as it is likely to lie somewhere between a torque multiplier and
an impact wrench in terms of vibration exposure and speed of use.
v
vi
1
INTRODUCTION
Torque multipliers are handheld, air driven, non-impacting torque delivery tools intended to
tighten and loosen nuts, bolts and threaded fasteners. Two examples are shown in Figure 1.
Every tool is supplied with an individual air pressure calibration graph, which relates torque
output to air pressure. The pressure is controlled using an external air pressure regulator.
Figure 1 Torque multipliers; Left – Tool A, Right – Tool B
Whilst in operation the reaction arm on a torque multiplier rotates in the opposite direction to
the output square drive and must be allowed to rest squarely against a solid object or surface
adjacent to the bolt to be tightened or loosened as shown in Figure 2. This reaction allows the
torque to be applied. Once the required torque is achieved the tool stalls and no further
tightening is possible.
Figure 2 Torque reaction for clockwise operation
1
1.1
OUTLINE OF WORK
It was brought to HSE’s attention that torque multipliers were being used instead of impact
wrenches in some instances in the workplace. Given that torque multipliers are purely rotary
tools, the vibration level is likely to be much lower than that on an impact wrench.
HSL had not previously measured the vibration magnitudes associated with the use of torque
multipliers and so we investigated two tools as part of the current work programme on the
comparison of emission data and in use magnitudes, to see whether torque multipliers are a
practicable alternative to impact wrenches and to investigate the differences in vibration
exposure associated with their use.
The work involved:
1. Measuring the vibration emission according to the provisions in the most relevant
standard. There is no standardised vibration emission test for torque multipliers, the
most suitable existing standard is that for impact wrenches which is
BS EN ISO 28662-7:1997. This standard is currently under revision and the
replacement standard is in its final draft stage of approval, so the torque multipliers
were tested according to the latest draft of this standard, ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008.
2. Comparing vibration emission values with vibration magnitudes measured under real
operating conditions.
3. Providing HSE with information regarding (1) and (2) above, and any other
information on machine use and vibration risk.
The vibration exposures reported here are very low and so in order to differentiate between
them they have been given in terms of exposure points. Exposure points can be converted to
partial exposures using Table 1.
Table 1 Conversion from exposure points (EP) to partial exposures (A(8))
EP
A(8)
EP
A(8)
EP
A(8)
1
0.25
30
1.37
150
3.06
2
0.35
35
1.48
160
3.16
3
0.43
40
1.58
170
3.26
4
0.50
45
1.68
180
3.35
5
0.56
50
1.77
190
3.45
6
0.61
55
1.85
200
3.54
7
0.66
60
1.94
250
3.95
8
0.71
65
2.02
300
4.33
9
0.75
70
2.09
350
4.68
10
0.79
75
2.17
400
5.00
12
0.87
80
2.24
14
0.94
85
2.30
16
1.00
90
2.37
18
1.06
95
2.44
20
1.12
100
2.50
22
1.17
110
2.62
24
1.22
120
2.74
26
1.27
130
2.85
28
1.32
140
2.96
2
2
TOOLS TESTED
Two torque multipliers were acquired for testing as shown in Figure 1. Table 2 describes their
basic characteristics. They were both chosen with a 1” square drive to represent the middle of
the range of sizes available.
Table 2 Tools used in the study
Tool
HSL Sample
No.
Weight
Maximum
torque
Square
drive
Declared vibration
emission
(kg)
(m/s2)
(N/m)
A
NV/09/26
5.7
2100
1”
<2.5
B
NV/09/27
6.1
1350
1”
<2.5
3
3
3.1
LABORATORY TESTING OF VIBRATION EMISSION
EMISSION TEST PROCEDURE FOR TORQUE MULTIPLIERS
The most appropriate standard for testing the vibration emission of a torque multiplier is
ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008 “Hand-held portable power tools – Test methods for evaluation of
vibration emission – Part 2: Wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers”. The standard details two
methods for testing the vibration emission, namely in a brake device or free running, depending
on whether or not the machine under test has an impact mechanism.
A torque multiplier does not have an impact mechanism and so should be tested whilst free
running according to the test code ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008. However for this work, it was also
tested in the brake device to allow comparison between the two methods in the test code.
A brake device is used to obtain a stable rotational frequency of the output shaft of the machine
and to absorb the output energy of the machine. Such a device is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3 Brake device for emission testing
3.1.1
Brake device method
The brake device method applies a frictional torque to the machine, providing a realistic inertial
loading on the output shaft by the use of standard sizes of sockets. The rotational frequency of
the output shaft is set to one rotation every 8 seconds by adjusting the tightness of the brake.
Three different operators each carry out a series of five measurements. Each test involves
running the machine for 8 seconds.
3.1.2
Free running method
The free running method involves free running the machine while holding it in a manner similar
to that used when tightening and loosening threaded fasteners.
Three different operators each carry out a series of five measurements. Each test involves
running the machine for 8 seconds.
4
3.2
TRANSDUCER MOUNTING LOCATIONS
The transducer locations as defined by ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008 are shown in Figure 4. The
locations marked as “1” correspond to the prescribed locations on the support and throttle. The
locations marked as “2” correspond to the secondary locations on the support and throttle. The
prescribed locations are as close as possible to the hand between the thumb and index finger
with the machine held as in normal operation.
Figure 4 Transducer mounting locations (taken from ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008).
(1= prescribed locations, 2 = secondary locations)
For Tool A there was too much rotational movement on the front housing (support) for
measurement at the prescribed location to be possible. Measurements were carried out at three
of the four prescribed and secondary locations for comparison.
For Tool B there was less rotational movement on the front housing (support) so it was possible
to make a measurement at the prescribed location. Measurements were carried out at all four
prescribed and secondary locations for comparison.
3.3
DATA ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS
Details of instrumentation used for acquisition and analysis of vibration emission data are given
in Appendix A.
The transducers used for all the measurements were Brüel & Kjær (B&K) Type 4393
piezoelectric accelerometers. The type of transducer mounting technique employed, depended
on the measurement location. Three systems were used (in order of preference):
1. Accelerometers bolted to aluminium mounting block and fixed in place using a plastic
cable tie and tensioning gun (Figure 5a)
2. Accelerometers bolted to brass mounting block and fixed in place using cyano-acrylate
glue (Figure 5b)
3. Accelerometers glued to aluminium mounting block using gluing studs and fixed in
place using cyano-acrylate glue
The total mass of the mounting assemblies was in each case about 18 grams. The method
chosen depended on the characteristics of the measurement location. All three assemblies
provide good mountings and give comparable results.
5
Figure 5a Aluminium block positioned
using the cable tie system
Figure 5b Brass block positioned using
cyano-acrylate glue
The type of assembly that was used for the different mounting locations is shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Transducer mounting assemblies and locations
Location
Assembly
Support (Prescribed) Aluminium block and cable tie
Support (Secondary)
Brass block and glue
Throttle (Prescribed) Brass/Aluminium block and glue
Throttle (Secondary)
Brass block and glue
The signals from the transducers were amplified using either B&K Nexus or 2635 charge
amplifiers.
Each of the five separate measurements for each operator was an eight second linear analysis,
made using a B&K Pulse multi-channel real time frequency analyser. One-third octave band
analyses of the data were carried out. The data were also frequency weighted in accordance
with BS EN ISO 8041:2005 and then stored on the PC. The overall frequency weighted
vibration magnitude at each measurement position was recorded after each test.
After five measurements, the coefficient of variation Cv, was calculated. The Cv is equal to the
standard deviation divided by the mean of the five measurements. The test code requires that
the value of Cv for five consecutive measurements should be less than 0.15, for the data to be
valid. If Cv was equal to or greater than 0.15 then testing continued until five consecutive
measurements gave an acceptable value of Cv.
For each tool, the overall arithmetic mean was obtained from the mean values for the three
operators. A value for the individual uncertainty K was calculated from the results of all the
three operators, according to the provisions of BS EN 12096:1997 Annex B.2, where a single
tool is used to declare the vibration emission.
The results for both tools were calculated in terms of the vibration total values at each
measurement location. The vibration total value is the root-sum-of-squares of the vibration
magnitudes in all three axes of vibration.
6
3.4
EMISSION TEST RESULTS
The full results of the emission tests including frequency spectra are given in Appendix B.
Table 4 contains the results of the HSL emission tests at all of the ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008
mounting locations. It was not possible to measure on the prescribed support location on Tool
A as there was too much rotational movement on the front housing.
Table 4 Vibration emission total values measured at HSL
Prescribed
Prescribed
Secondary
Secondary
throttle
support
throttle
support
Frequency-weighted vibration magnitude (m/s2)
a
K
a
K
a
K
a
K
Brake
Tool A 0.34
0.02
0.40
0.02
0.42
0.02
device Tool B 0.73
0.20
0.05
0.47
0.15
0.52
0.17
0.19
Free
Tool A 0.31
0.08
0.33
0.10
0.43
0.11
running Tool B 0.53
0.06
0.21
0.01
0.52
0.10
1.69
0.37
The figures in bold indicate the highest vibration emissions across all mounting locations for
each tool.
7
4
4.1
FIELD MEASUREMENTS
MEASUREMENT PROTOCOL
Following the laboratory emission stage, the torque multipliers were taken to a fleet
maintenance workshop where they were used to tighten and loosen lorry wheel nuts, as shown
in Figure 6.
Figure 6 Tightening and loosening lorry wheel nuts
The measurement conditions were kept as close as possible to a real work situation. Triaxial
measurements were made at the prescribed throttle and secondary support locations. It was not
possible to measure at the prescribed support location as there was less control of the movement
of the front housing during the field measurements. Three operators each loosened and then
tightened four nuts on the lorry wheel, one after another.
4.2
DATA ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS
Details of the instrumentation used for acquisition and analysis of vibration emission data is
given in Appendix A.
The data acquisition technique for the field measurements was largely the same as for the
laboratory tests. For each operator, two measurements were made: one while loosening four
nuts and the other while tightening four nuts. Data were analysed using a B&K Pulse multi­
channel real time frequency analyser. One-third octave band analyses of the data were carried
out. The data were also frequency weighted in accordance with BS EN ISO 8041:2005 and then
stored on the PC. The overall frequency weighted vibration magnitudes at both measurement
locations were recorded after each test.
4.2.1
Processing the data for comparisons
As the vibration magnitudes measured are heavily dependent on the number of wheel nuts
processed and the time taken to do this, the results have been converted to show the number of
HSE vibration exposure points incurred for processing 100 wheel nuts.
Using the information in ISO 5349-2:2001 Annex E.2.4 which gives an example of estimating
exposures of impulsive tools by using single impacts, or bursts of vibration, and
8
PD CEN/TR 15350:2006, it can be shown that the number of vibration exposure points per m
shots, PE,m, is given by Equation 1.
2
PE ,m
m Ttest
⎡a ⎤
= ⎢ hv ⎥ ×
×
×100
⎣ 2.5 ⎦ N test T0
[1]
Where
ahv
m
Ntest
Ttest
T0
4.3
= vibration magnitude from measurement
= number of nuts processed in exposure period (a value of 100 has been used here to
normalise all data to exposure per 100 nuts)
= no. of nuts processed during the measurement
= duration of measurement in seconds
= reference exposure time of 8 hours i.e. 28800 seconds
RESULTS OF FIELD MEASUREMENTS
The full results from the field measurements, including frequency spectra, are given in
Appendix B. A summary of the results is shown in Table 5.
In Table 5, all of the frequency weighted vibration magnitudes quoted are from the throttle
measurement location, as the operator’s hand was always in a fixed position on this handle. The
operator’s other hand constantly moved position around the support measurement location. The
throttle location was the higher of the two locations in the majority of cases.
Table 5 Summary of field measurements on both torque multipliers
Frequency
No. of
Duration of
Points per
weighted
wheel
Tool
Op# Operation
measurement
100 wheel
vibration
nuts
(seconds)
nuts
magnitude
processed
(m/s²)
1
2.0
36
4
2
2
2.6
61
4
6
Loosening
wheel nuts
3
1.1
74
2
2
A
3
0.9
38
2
1
1
1.4
55
4
1
Tightening
2
2.0
71
4
4
wheel nuts
3
0.5
225
4
1
1
2.6
34
4
3
2
1.9
42
4
2
Loosening
wheel nuts
3
1.9
13
2
1
B
3
1.2
29
2
1
1
1.7
47
4
2
Tightening
2
2.2
46
4
3
wheel nuts
3
1.4
44
4
1
9
5
5.1
DISCUSSION
COMPARISON OF DECLARED AND MEASURED EMISSION
For comparison of measured and declared emission values BS EN 12096:1997 states that if one
machine is evaluated, the declared vibration emission is verified if the measured vibration
emission, a, is less than, or equal to the value of a + K as declared by the manufacturer. Table 6
shows a comparison of the highest HSL measured emission across all measurement locations
and manufacturers’ declared emission for both tools. Where the manufacturer has declared the
vibration emission as <2.5m/s2, the figure of 2.5m/s2 has been used for comparison with HSL
measured data.
Table 6 Manufacturers’ declared emission and HSL measured emission
HSL measured
Manufacturers’
emission
declared emission
Tool
HSL verifies
(m/s2)
(m/s2)
a
K
a+K
a
K
a+K
A
<2.5
-*
0.44
Y
0.42 0.02
B
<2.5
-*
2.06
Y
1.69 0.37
* BS EN 12096:1997 does not give any guidelines for estimating K when the vibration
is declared as <2.5 m/s2
Even though a value of K has not been estimated, Table 6 shows that HSL have verified the
manufacturers’ declared vibration emission in both cases, as the HSL emission values are less
than 2.5 m/s2.
5.2
COMPARISON OF MEASURED EMISSION AND FIELD
MEASUREMENTS
In order to compare HSL measured emission with field measurements, the emission values were
converted into a number of vibration exposure points per 100 nuts by using Equation [1].
Equation [1] cannot be applied directly in this instance as the emission test is a continuous
operation rather than intermittent as with the field measurements, so we do not have a number
of nuts processed during the emission test (or a time for processing the nuts).
To generate a figure for comparison, the number of nuts in the measurement has been set to one,
and (from video footage and time history data from the field measurements) the time to process
one nut has been estimated to be 5.5 seconds. Using this data, Table 7 shows a comparison of
the number of points per 100 nuts processed, for the HSL emission and field measurements.
Table 7 Comparison of the number of points per 100 nuts processed
No. of points
Ave. no. of points
per 100 nuts
per 100 nuts
(emission test)
(field measurement)
Tool A
3
1
Tool B
2
1
For the field measurement column in Table 7 all of the individual measurements in Table 5 have
been used to produce an average number of vibration exposure points per 100 nuts. Table 7
shows that there is a minimal difference between the number of points incurred when using the
10
emission test data rather than field measurement data. The emission test value underestimates
the risk associated with the use of the tools, however the risk is very small.
5.3
COMPARISON OF A TORQUE MULTIPLIER AND AN IMPACT WRENCH
Table 8 shows the results of field measurements carried out on an impact wrench as reported in
NV/03/17. These data have been selected for comparison with the torque multipliers data, to
get an indication of the relative levels of vibration risk associated with use of the two types of
tool. The impact wrench was of a similar size to the torque multipliers and used for an almost
identical task, namely tightening and loosening nuts on a lorry wheel. The results of the
measurements have been used in Equation [1] to calculate the number of vibration exposure
points per 100 nuts as with the torque multipliers.
Table 8 Field measurements on an impact wrench
Frequency
Points
Duration of
No. of
weighted
per 100
Tool
measurement
wheel nuts
vibration
wheel
(seconds)
processed
magnitude
nuts
(m/s²)
9.9
49
8
34
9.7
60
10
31
Impact
7.3
21
10
6
wrench
9.2
53
9
28
11.3
33
10
24
25
Average
Table 8 shows that the use of the impact wrench will incur an average of 25 points per 100
wheel nuts processed. Comparing this figure with the figure for the torque multipliers, this
means that an operator using an impact wrench would incur approximately 10 times as many
points as they would using a torque multiplier for the same task.
Although the vibration exposures are lower with a torque multiplier for a comparable task, there
are other safety considerations to be taken in to account. In terms of speed, a torque multiplier
is considerably slower than an impact wrench. It takes an impact wrench approximately 2
seconds to process one wheel nut compared to 5.5 seconds with a torque multiplier, so it takes
approximately 3 times longer with a torque multiplier. This means that the duration of a task
would be considerably increased if there were a large number of components to be processed.
There is also increased potential for trapping injuries to occur when using a torque multiplier,
due to the movement of the reaction bar.
There is another type of tool encompassed under ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008, namely an impulse
nutrunner which is likely to lie somewhere between a torque multiplier and an impact wrench in
terms of vibration exposure and speed of use. An impulse nutrunner features an air-driven
hydraulic impulse mechanism that creates an internal pressure differential and a resulting
‘rotary-type’ blow. By adjusting the pressure differential the operator can control the torque
output as with a torque multiplier. As they use a hydraulic mechanism rather than metal on
metal blows as with an impact wrench, the vibration levels for an impulse nutrunner are likely
to be lower. They have a high power to weight ratio, speed, and manufacturers claim “near­
reactionless one-handed performance”. Further work is necessary to investigate the relative
merits of this type of tool compared with torque multipliers and impact wrenches.
11
6
CONCLUSIONS
Using the standard test outlined in ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008, manufacturers’ declared emission
values were verified according to the criteria in BS EN 12096:1997 for both machines using the
figures for both the brake device and free running tests.
When comparing HSL measured emission values with field measurements in the points per 100
nuts form, the emission values are slightly lower than the field measurements indicating that the
risk is underestimated for the use of the tools. However the risk from vibration exposure
associated with the use of the machines is very low.
The number of vibration exposure points incurred from the use of a torque multiplier when
processing 100 nuts is approximately ten times lower than would be incurred with an impact
wrench. However the exposure time for processing 100 wheel nuts with a torque multiplier will
be 3 times longer.
A torque multiplier may be the preferred choice of tool if an operator is subject to vibration
exposure from using other machines, as very few vibration exposure points will be incurred
from its use. It may also be advantageous if a specific torque is required as changing the
pressure on the external regulator can easily vary the torque. Torque multipliers are however
slower than impact wrenches and there is also increased potential for trapping injuries to occur,
due to the movement of the reaction bar. An impulse nutrunner may also be a suitable
alternative to an impact wrench as it is likely to lie somewhere between a torque multiplier and
an impact wrench in terms of vibration exposure and speed of use and this should be
investigated.
12
7
REFERENCES
ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008. Hand-held portable power tools – Test methods for evaluation of
vibration emission – Part 2: Wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers.
BS EN ISO 28662-7:1997. Hand-held portable power tools. Measurement of vibrations at the
handle. Wrenches, screwdrivers and nut runners with impact, impulse or ratchet action.
BS EN ISO 8041:2005. Human response to vibration – Measuring instrumentation.
BS EN ISO 5349-2:2001. Mechanical vibration – Measurement and evaluation of human
exposure to hand-transmitted vibration. Part 2: Practical guidance for measurement at the
workplace.
PD CEN/TR 15350:2006. Mechanical vibration – Guideline for the assessment of exposure to
hand-transmitted vibration using available information including that provided by
manufacturers of machinery.
BS EN 12096:1997. Mechanical vibration – Declaration and verification of vibration emission
values.
Smeatham D et al (2003). NV/03/17 – Correlation between vibration emission and vibration
during real use – Impact wrenches.
13
APPENDICES
APPENDIX A – EMISSION AND FIELD MEASUREMENT EQUIPMENT
07/08/09 – 10/11/09
Transducers
B&K type
Serial #
Sensitivity
(pC/ms-2)
Date of last calibration
Ch1
4393
2279750
0.316
August 2009
Ch2
4393
32163
0.307
August 2009
Ch3
4393
11877
0.324
August 2009
Ch4
4393
10693
0.320
August 2009
Ch5
4393
10701
0.323
August 2009
Ch6
4393
1873331
0.320
August 2009
05/11/09 – 10/11/09 Accelerometer on Ch1 replaced with
Ch1
4393
1873329
0.321
August 2009
07/08/09 – 13/08/09
Charge
amplifiers
B&K type
Serial #
2692
2056119
April 2009
2692
2056117
April 2009
Date of last calibration
Ch1
Ch2
Ch3
Ch4
Ch5
Ch6
26/08/09 – 10/11/09 Charge amplifiers changed to Type 2635
Charge
amplifiers
B&K type
Serial #
Ch1
2635
1625036
February 2008
Ch2
2635
1709839
March 2008
Ch3
2635
1493485
February 2008
Ch4
2635
2448012
August 2009
Ch5
2635
2448013
August 2009
Ch6
2635
2448014
August 2009
Date of last calibration
07/08/09 – 10/11/09
B&K Pulse 3560C Serial # 2423351
B&K Pulse LabShop software v12.1.0
Calibrator B&K 4294 Serial # 1688502
January 2008
October 2009
14
APPENDIX B – EMISSION AND FIELD MEASUREMENT DATA 15
Vibration Emission Test report
Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls
Sprreadsheet: Version 2.0 22/8/2008
ISO 28927-2:2008
NV/09/26
Tool A prescribed throttle, secondary support brake device
Standard:
N&V reference ID:
Measurement file name:
Hand Position 1 - Support
Meas Time
10:58:01:999
10:58:16:623
10:58:32:748
10:58:47:023
10:59:03:498
11:04:28:374
11:04:47:749
11:05:05:998
11:05:22:999
11:05:39:873
13:34:31:873
13:34:48:498
13:35:04:999
13:35:20:499
13:35:37:498
a whx
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
a why
0.26
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.23
0.25
0.26
0.24
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.24
0.23
a whz
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.20
0.19
a hv
0.43
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.42
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.006
0.013
0.41
0.007
0.016
0.1
10
x-axis
100
100
1000
10000
0.34
0.002
0.007
0.34
0.008
0.023
0.34
m/s²
" R(single m/c.):
0.01
0.02
m/s²
m/s²
K (single m/c.) value:
0.42
K (single m/c.) value:
m/s²
0.02
m/s²
x-axis
100
Subject 3 Hand 1
z-axis
y-axis
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Subject 1 Hand 2
Subject 2 Hand 2
Subject 3 Hand 2
y-axis
z-axis
x-axis
100
1
y-axis
z-axis
100
Frequency (Hz)
1000
10000
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.01
z-axis
y-axis
Frequency (Hz)
0.1
10
0.026
Frequency (Hz)
10
1
0.009
a h (overall mean a hv):
0.01
0.01
0.34
m/s²
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
m/s²
m/s²
Subject 2 Hand 1
z-axis
y-axis
10
1
a hv
0.34
0.35
0.34
0.34
0.36
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.36
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.42
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.018
a whz
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.21
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.01
0.02
Subject 1 Hand 1
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.008
a why
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.18
" R(single m/c.):
Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value):
100
0.43
a whx
0.19
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.21
0.20
0.21
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.19
0.20
0.20
0.20
a h (overall mean a hv) :
K (single m/c.) value:
x-axis
Hand position 2 - Above throttle
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
Meas.
Date
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
TestNo. Operator
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
3
12
3
13
3
14
3
15
3
Meas.
Name
RS1
RS2
RS3
RS4
RS5
RH1
RH2
RH3
RH4
RH5
GH1
GH2
GH3
GH4
GH5
1000
y-axis
10000
z-axis
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
16
1000
10000
Vibration Emission Test report
Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls
Sprreadsheet: Version 2.0 22/8/2008
ISO 28927-2:2008
NV/09/26
Tool A prescribed throttle, secondary support free running
Standard:
N&V reference ID:
Measurement file name:
Hand Position 1 - Support
Meas Time
11:00:08:623
11:00:23:749
11:00:38:249
11:00:54:248
11:01:11:624
11:06:12:124
11:06:27:248
11:06:42:374
11:06:57:748
11:07:12:749
13:36:59:624
13:37:16:749
13:37:33:124
13:37:49:873
13:38:06:873
a whx
0.19
0.18
0.19
0.20
0.19
0.19
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.17
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
a why
0.28
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.40
0.40
0.41
0.43
0.45
0.35
0.36
0.33
0.34
0.33
a whz
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.20
0.20
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.15
a hv
0.36
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.52
0.54
0.42
0.43
0.41
0.42
0.41
0.51
0.024
0.047
0.41
0.010
0.024
0.1
0.01
x-axis
100
100
1000
10000
0.36
0.017
0.046
0.31
0.010
0.033
0.31
m/s²
" R(single m/c.):
0.05
0.08
m/s²
m/s²
K (single m/c.) value:
0.43
K (single m/c.) value:
m/s²
0.11
m/s²
x-axis
Subject 3 Hand 1
100
z-axis
y-axis
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Subject 1 Hand 2
Subject 2 Hand 2
Subject 3 Hand 2
y-axis
z-axis
x-axis
100
1
y-axis
z-axis
100
Frequency (Hz)
1000
10000
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
1000
y-axis
10000
z-axis
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.01
z-axis
y-axis
Frequency (Hz)
0.1
10
0.028
Frequency (Hz)
10
1
0.007
a h (overall mean a hv):
0.01
10
0.26
m/s²
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
m/s²
m/s²
Subject 2 Hand 1
z-axis
y-axis
10
1
a hv
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.38
0.38
0.29
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.43
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.032
a whz
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.17
0.26
0.27
0.29
0.31
0.30
0.21
0.24
0.22
0.23
0.22
0.07
0.11
Subject 1 Hand 1
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.011
a why
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.12
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.17
0.13
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.15
" R(single m/c.):
Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value):
100
0.35
a whx
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.17
0.16
0.17
a h (overall mean a hv) :
K (single m/c.) value:
x-axis
Hand position 2 - Above throttle
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
Meas.
Date
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
10/8/09
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
TestNo. Operator
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
3
12
3
13
3
14
3
15
3
Meas.
Name
RS6
RS7
RS8
RS9
RS10
RH6
RH7
RH8
RH9
RH10
GH6
GH7
GH8
GH9
GH10
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
17
1000
10000
Vibration Emission Test report
Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls
Sprreadsheet: Version 2.0 22/8/2008
ISO 28927-2:2008
NV/09/26
Tool A secondary locations brake device
Hand Position 1 - Support
Meas.
Date
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
Meas Time
15:28:12:874
15:28:28:248
15:28:44:624
15:29:00:248
15:29:18:998
15:33:42:624
15:34:02:373
15:34:20:373
15:34:34:999
15:34:50:373
15:47:06:998
15:47:23:874
15:47:41:374
15:47:59:124
15:48:17:748
a whx
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.30
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.29
0.29
a why
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.23
0.25
0.24
a whz
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.20
a hv
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.42
0.43
0.42
0.43
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.41
0.43
0.43
0.42
0.002
0.004
0.43
0.007
0.017
0.1
10
x-axis
100
100
1000
10000
0.41
0.004
0.009
0.39
0.007
0.017
0.40
m/s²
" R(single m/c.):
0.01
0.02
m/s²
m/s²
K (single m/c.) value:
0.42
K (single m/c.) value:
m/s²
0.01
m/s²
x-axis
Subject 3 Hand 1
100
z-axis
y-axis
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Subject 1 Hand 2
Subject 2 Hand 2
Subject 3 Hand 2
y-axis
z-axis
x-axis
100
1
y-axis
z-axis
100
Frequency (Hz)
1000
10000
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
1000
y-axis
10000
z-axis
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.01
z-axis
y-axis
Frequency (Hz)
0.1
10
0.014
Frequency (Hz)
10
1
0.006
a h (overall mean a hv):
0.01
0.01
0.40
m/s²
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
m/s²
m/s²
Subject 2 Hand 1
z-axis
y-axis
10
1
a hv
0.39
0.40
0.40
0.41
0.40
0.40
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.38
0.39
0.38
0.39
0.40
0.42
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.006
a whz
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.01
0.01
Subject 1 Hand 1
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.003
a why
0.20
0.21
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.19
" R(single m/c.):
Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value):
100
0.42
a whx
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.26
0.27
0.26
0.27
0.27
a h (overall mean a hv) :
K (single m/c.) value:
x-axis
Hand position 2 - Side of main handle
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
TestNo. Operator
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
3
12
3
13
3
14
3
15
3
Meas.
Name
RS11
RS12
RS13
RS14
RS15
RH11
RH12
RH13
RH14
RH15
GH11
GH12
GH13
GH14
GH15
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
Standard:
N&V reference ID:
Measurement file name:
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
18
1000
10000
Vibration Emission Test report
Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls
Sprreadsheet: Version 2.0 22/8/2008
ISO 28927-2:2008
NV/09/26
Tool A secondary locations free running
Hand Position 1 - Support
Meas.
Date
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
11/8/09
Meas Time
15:29:58:124
15:30:13:123
15:30:32:874
15:30:49:249
15:31:05:873
15:35:24:249
15:35:36:498
15:35:52:373
15:36:13:123
15:36:26:749
15:49:03:124
15:49:23:873
15:49:43:248
15:50:04:123
15:50:21:124
a whx
0.21
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.18
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.21
0.24
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.17
0.18
a why
0.27
0.27
0.29
0.30
0.29
0.35
0.39
0.40
0.31
0.29
0.34
0.27
0.26
0.28
0.30
a whz
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.16
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.16
a hv
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.45
0.48
0.48
0.40
0.40
0.41
0.35
0.34
0.35
0.38
0.44
0.037
0.085
0.37
0.031
0.085
0.1
10
x-axis
100
100
1000
10000
0.37
0.026
0.070
0.32
0.065
0.202
0.33
m/s²
" R(single m/c.):
0.06
0.10
m/s²
m/s²
K (single m/c.) value:
0.39
K (single m/c.) value:
m/s²
0.09
m/s²
x-axis
Subject 3 Hand 1
100
z-axis
y-axis
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Subject 1 Hand 2
Subject 2 Hand 2
Subject 3 Hand 2
y-axis
z-axis
x-axis
100
1
y-axis
z-axis
100
Frequency (Hz)
1000
10000
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
1000
y-axis
10000
z-axis
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.01
z-axis
y-axis
Frequency (Hz)
0.1
10
0.046
Frequency (Hz)
10
1
0.014
a h (overall mean a hv):
0.01
0.01
0.30
m/s²
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
m/s²
m/s²
Subject 2 Hand 1
z-axis
y-axis
10
1
a hv
0.28
0.29
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.37
0.41
0.37
0.34
0.35
0.41
0.27
0.27
0.30
0.37
0.39
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.021
a whz
0.14
0.15
0.16
0.15
0.16
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
0.17
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.05
0.09
Subject 1 Hand 1
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.008
a why
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.14
" R(single m/c.):
Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value):
100
0.37
a whx
0.21
0.22
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.32
0.35
0.32
0.27
0.27
0.37
0.21
0.20
0.24
0.33
a h (overall mean a hv) :
K (single m/c.) value:
x-axis
Hand position 2 - Side of main handle
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
TestNo. Operator
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
3
12
3
13
3
14
3
15
3
Meas.
Name
RS16
RS17
RS18
RS19
RS20
RH16
RH17
RH18
RH19
RH20
GH16
GH17
GH18
GH19
GH20
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
Standard:
N&V reference ID:
Measurement file name:
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
19
1000
10000
LocationName:
Manchester City Council
0
Occupation:
Process:
RecordDate:
Vehicle Maintenance
Changing wheel
September 24, 2009
TapeNumber:
Operator#:
N/A
OP#3
Removal of wheel nuts
N/A
VideoNumber:
MachineManufacturer:
MachineModel:
ChristieTotal Torque Solutions
C-RAD 27
HSLAnonymisedToolLetter:
MachineModifications:
MachineSize:
MachineWeight(kg):
0
0
0
MainID:
ResultsID:
MachineOperating pressure:
0
MachineSpeed(impacts/min):
0
MachineSpeed(revs/min):
0
MachinePower:
0
MachinePower source:
Pneumatic
InsertedTool:
InsertedToolType:
InsertedToolManufacturer:
mm
Front hand
Frequency
x-axis
y-axis
Rear hand
z-axis
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
1.6
0.328
0.686
0.237
0.323
0.342
1.924
2
0.311
0.663
0.165
0.406
0.277
1.714
2.5
0.311
0.64
0.165
0.318
0.324
1.357
3.15
0.397
0.594
0.186
0.368
0.274
1.201
4
0.389
0.546
0.231
0.348
0.273
1.223
5
0.347
0.511
0.21
0.287
0.223
0.93
6.3
0.377
0.481
0.186
0.279
0.273
0.578
8
0.4
0.452
0.18
0.239
0.233
0.606
10
0.342
0.413
0.147
0.19
0.183
0.518
12.5
0.406
0.4
0.146
0.233
0.193
0.346
16
0.383
0.377
0.173
0.197
0.224
0.375
20
0.389
0.389
0.262
0.194
0.367
0.363
25
0.487
0.484
0.289
0.291
0.428
0.502
31.5
0.561
0.506
0.31
0.431
0.439
0.569
40
0.733
0.629
0.373
0.739
0.581
0.795
50
0.998
0.671
0.464
0.913
0.602
0.838
63
1.335
0.703
0.613
1.27
0.583
0.79
80
1.282
0.755
0.795
1.271
0.734
0.805
100
1.258
0.823
1.218
1.27
1.107
0.857
125
1.553
0.978
2.319
1.339
2.072
1.07
160
1.921
1.106
2.485
1.285
2.178
1.033
200
2.363
1.282
1.845
1.19
1.623
0.841
250
3.051
1.617
1.785
1.139
1.527
0.838
315
3.417
2.74
1.7
1.024
1.39
1.366
400
3.709
3.839
1.648
0.951
1.409
2.127
500
3.775
4.22
1.878
1.54
2.096
3.029
630
5.729
5.438
2.039
5.071
2.677
5.801
800
17.54
8.968
6.014
9.989
3.142
10.61
1000
16.71
13.7
5.118
9.621
3.085
7.581
1250
9.795
17.14
4.716
6.8
3.58
6.555
35.75 Seconds
0
0
0.00 m/s²
1" Socket
1 inc Socket
0
Front hand
100
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
10
10
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
x-axis
Rear hand
100
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
DC-shift threshold:
1200
8478
MeasurementTime:
NumShotsInMeas:
DailyExposureTime:
A(8) Front hand
A(8) Rear hand
Notes:
Tool A
10
1
0.1
1
ahw
1.319
1.229
av
0.767
0.9
0.9
2.0
10
100
1000
1.5
2.0
5
Acceleration (m/s²)
10000
Frequency (Hz)
Front hand: x-axis
4
Front hand: y-axis
3
Front hand: z-axis
2
Rear hand: x-axis
1
Rear hand: y-axis
Rear hand: z-axis
0
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
Time (s)
MainID: 1200, ResultsID: 8478
20
LocationName:
Manchester City Council
0
Occupation:
Process:
RecordDate:
Vehicle Maintenance
Changing wheel
September 24, 2009
TapeNumber:
Operator#:
N/A
OP#3
Removal of wheel nuts
N/A
VideoNumber:
MachineManufacturer:
MachineModel:
ChristieTotal Torque Solutions
C-RAD 27
HSLAnonymisedToolLetter:
MachineModifications:
MachineSize:
MachineWeight(kg):
0
0
0
MainID:
ResultsID:
MachineOperating pressure:
0
MachineSpeed(impacts/min):
0
MachineSpeed(revs/min):
0
MachinePower:
0
MachinePower source:
Pneumatic
InsertedTool:
InsertedToolType:
InsertedToolManufacturer:
mm
Front hand
x-axis
Frequency
y-axis
Rear hand
z-axis
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
1.6
0.288
0.274
0.652
0.514
0.204
0.509
2
0.304
0.398
0.613
0.447
0.228
0.424
2.5
0.422
0.302
0.719
0.466
0.22
0.51
3.15
0.303
0.354
0.549
0.469
0.367
0.387
4
0.393
0.342
0.522
0.499
0.452
0.427
5
0.298
0.352
0.513
0.479
0.369
0.335
6.3
0.318
0.299
0.458
0.428
0.561
0.407
8
0.33
0.316
0.429
0.49
0.664
0.541
10
0.341
0.296
0.38
0.488
0.92
0.574
0.617
12.5
0.36
0.29
0.344
0.504
0.656
16
0.338
0.301
0.312
0.367
0.485
0.64
20
0.354
0.387
0.304
0.469
0.574
0.709
25
0.381
0.392
0.288
0.534
0.457
0.629
31.5
0.37
0.559
0.306
0.765
0.478
0.689
40
0.447
0.659
0.347
0.859
0.58
0.689
50
0.712
0.69
0.478
0.754
0.756
0.802
63
1.13
0.762
0.685
1.143
1.032
0.816
80
1.285
0.855
0.651
1.136
0.935
0.712
100
1.228
0.995
1.022
1.312
1.092
0.827
125
1.343
1.283
2.32
1.68
1.794
1.393
160
1.426
1.374
2.954
1.795
2.718
1.146
200
1.511
1.465
2.455
1.838
2.273
1.269
250
3.125
1.79
2.313
1.444
1.561
2.482
315
3.824
2.355
1.453
1.76
1.273
3.021
400
3.317
3.181
1.313
2.405
1.694
3.384
500
3.46
4.092
1.585
2.836
2.177
3.578
630
5.149
5.096
1.868
6.085
4.895
5.395
800
14.97
7.492
4.037
5.834
4.512
5.531
1000
15.67
14.95
4.115
5.255
3.726
4.346
1250
8.01
13.34
3.571
5.003
3.457
4.189
60.75 Seconds
0
0
0.00 m/s²
1" Socket
1 inc Socket
0
Front hand
100
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
10
10
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
x-axis
Rear hand
100
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
DC-shift threshold:
1200
8479
MeasurementTime:
NumShotsInMeas:
DailyExposureTime:
A(8) Front hand
A(8) Rear hand
Notes:
Tool A
10
1
0.1
1
ahw
1.13
1.041
av
1.102
1.4
1.9
1.7
10
100
1000
1.5
2.6
10
Acceleration (m/s²)
10000
Frequency (Hz)
Front hand: x-axis
8
Front hand: y-axis
6
Front hand: z-axis
4
Rear hand: x-axis
2
Rear hand: y-axis
Rear hand: z-axis
0
0
6
12
18
24
30
36
42
48
54
60 Time (s)
MainID: 1200, ResultsID: 8479
21
LocationName:
Manchester City Council
MachineManufacturer:
MachineModel:
0
Occupation:
Process:
RecordDate:
Vehicle Maintenance
Changing wheel
September 24, 2009
TapeNumber:
Operator#:
N/A
OP#3
Removal of wheel nuts
N/A
VideoNumber:
ChristieTotal Torque Solutions
C-RAD 27
HSLAnonymisedToolLetter:
MachineModifications:
MachineSize:
MachineWeight(kg):
0
0
0
MainID:
ResultsID:
MachineOperating pressure:
0
MachineSpeed(impacts/min):
0
MachineSpeed(revs/min):
0
MachinePower:
0
MachinePower source:
Pneumatic
InsertedTool:
InsertedToolType:
InsertedToolManufacturer:
mm
Front hand
Frequency
x-axis
y-axis
Rear hand
z-axis
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
1.6
0.184
0.109
0.101
0.132
0.122
0.199
2
0.186
0.124
0.102
0.129
0.125
0.24
2.5
0.175
0.138
0.161
0.135
0.197
0.203
3.15
0.219
0.178
0.19
0.147
0.229
0.208
4
0.282
0.15
0.208
0.194
0.245
0.236
5
0.243
0.141
0.16
0.193
0.18
0.23
6.3
0.234
0.14
0.156
0.189
0.162
0.229
8
0.219
0.161
0.226
0.157
0.249
0.191
10
0.259
0.178
0.244
0.17
0.285
0.24
12.5
0.306
0.19
0.201
0.223
0.239
0.267
16
0.353
0.229
0.218
0.236
0.279
0.29
20
0.366
0.228
0.23
0.26
0.274
0.302
25
0.403
0.273
0.244
0.296
0.289
0.283
31.5
0.414
0.319
0.194
0.34
0.266
0.415
40
0.338
0.382
0.222
0.323
0.282
0.411
50
0.411
0.429
0.275
0.393
0.29
0.377
63
0.415
0.445
0.349
0.389
0.328
0.387
80
0.369
0.497
0.413
0.448
0.35
0.386
100
0.518
0.546
0.543
0.461
0.446
0.415
125
0.63
0.73
0.798
0.394
0.607
0.364
160
0.99
0.973
1.143
0.407
0.866
0.469
200
0.903
1.115
1.075
0.415
0.842
0.531
250
1.229
1.202
0.896
0.41
0.767
0.577
315
1.477
1.345
0.875
0.418
0.828
0.68
400
1.608
2.078
0.934
0.425
0.873
1.047
500
1.954
2.512
1.08
0.712
0.908
1.445
630
2.529
3.033
1.254
3.146
1.032
3.053
800
6.316
4.485
2.075
3.812
1.642
4.547
1000
6.733
9.567
2.37
3.569
2.155
4.145
1250
5.144
11.71
2.668
2.572
2.518
4.313
73.5 Seconds
0
0
0.00 m/s²
1" Socket
1 inc Socket
0
Front hand
100
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
10
10
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
x-axis
Rear hand
100
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
DC-shift threshold:
1200
8480
MeasurementTime:
NumShotsInMeas:
DailyExposureTime:
A(8) Front hand
A(8) Rear hand
Notes:
Tool A
10
1
0.1
1
ahw
0.819
0.633
av
0.589
0.6
1.2
0.7
10
100
1000
0.7
1.1
4
Acceleration (m/s²)
10000
Frequency (Hz)
Front hand: x-axis
3
Front hand: y-axis
Front hand: z-axis
2
Rear hand: x-axis
1
Rear hand: y-axis
Rear hand: z-axis
0
0
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
Time (s)
MainID: 1200, ResultsID: 8480
22
LocationName:
Manchester City Council
0
Occupation:
Process:
RecordDate:
Vehicle Maintenance
Changing wheel
September 24, 2009
TapeNumber:
Operator#:
N/A
OP#3
Removal of wheel nuts
N/A
VideoNumber:
MachineManufacturer:
MachineModel:
ChristieTotal Torque Solutions
C-RAD 27
HSLAnonymisedToolLetter:
MachineModifications:
MachineSize:
MachineWeight(kg):
0
0
0
MachineOperating pressure:
0
MachineSpeed(impacts/min):
0
MachineSpeed(revs/min):
0
MachinePower:
0
MachinePower source:
Pneumatic
Notes:
InsertedTool:
InsertedToolType:
InsertedToolManufacturer:
mm
Front hand
x-axis
Frequency
y-axis
Rear hand
z-axis
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
1.6
0.293
0.232
0.13
0.243
0.095
0.174
2
0.193
0.147
0.152
0.146
0.124
0.129
2.5
0.26
0.122
0.101
0.142
0.095
0.131
3.15
0.202
0.144
0.138
0.197
0.109
0.1
4
0.171
0.125
0.101
0.177
0.097
0.105
5
0.153
0.102
0.084
0.139
0.081
0.113
6.3
0.204
0.136
0.08
0.153
0.078
0.103
8
0.14
0.11
0.089
0.098
0.092
0.088
10
0.167
0.117
0.084
0.102
0.084
0.113
12.5
0.163
0.101
0.084
0.093
0.081
0.121
16
0.147
0.1
0.073
0.084
0.079
0.111
20
0.173
0.165
0.083
0.111
0.095
0.17
25
0.214
0.21
0.118
0.192
0.159
0.309
31.5
0.313
0.25
0.141
0.266
0.172
0.372
40
0.43
0.315
0.19
0.444
0.255
0.511
50
0.55
0.281
0.304
0.557
0.299
0.434
63
0.741
0.272
0.41
0.703
0.349
0.317
80
0.863
0.319
0.454
0.741
0.41
0.332
100
0.97
0.373
0.749
0.821
0.682
0.354
125
1.28
0.473
2.615
0.912
2.41
0.582
160
1.536
0.654
2.338
0.975
2.131
0.529
200
1.39
0.9
1.725
0.779
1.573
0.507
250
2.175
1.464
1.8
0.725
1.653
0.647
315
3.282
2.151
1.527
0.88
1.302
1.003
400
3.14
2.748
1.133
0.932
1.012
1.413
500
2.867
3.517
1.321
1.452
1.426
2.107
630
4.656
4.387
1.445
4.233
1.562
4.251
800
14.8
6.068
4.185
7.756
3.258
7.881
1000
20.96
11.57
4.329
9.682
3.903
6.624
1250
8.512
12.78
2.962
4.675
3.292
5.333
1" Socket
1 inc Socket
0
MainID:
ResultsID:
1200
8481
MeasurementTime:
NumShotsInMeas:
DailyExposureTime:
A(8) Front hand
A(8) Rear hand
38 Seconds
0
0
0.00 m/s²
Front hand
100
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
10
10
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
x-axis
Rear hand
100
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
DC-shift threshold:
Tool A
10
1
0.1
1
ahw
0.803
Acceleration (m/s²)
av
0.515
0.562
0.6
0.5
1.1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
0.5
0.9
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Front hand: x-axis
Front hand: y-axis
Front hand: z-axis
Rear hand: x-axis
Rear hand: y-axis
Rear hand: z-axis
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
Time (s)
MainID: 1200, ResultsID: 8481
23
LocationName:
Manchester City Council
MachineManufacturer:
MachineModel:
0
Occupation:
Process:
RecordDate:
Vehicle Maintenance
Changing wheel
September 24, 2009
TapeNumber:
Operator#:
N/A
OP#3
Tightening of wheel nuts
N/A
VideoNumber:
ChristieTotal Torque Solutions
C-RAD 27
HSLAnonymisedToolLetter:
MachineModifications:
MachineSize:
MachineWeight(kg):
0
0
0
MainID:
ResultsID:
MachineOperating pressure:
0
MachineSpeed(impacts/min):
0
MachineSpeed(revs/min):
0
MachinePower:
0
MachinePower source:
Pneumatic
InsertedTool:
InsertedToolType:
InsertedToolManufacturer:
mm
Front hand
Frequency
x-axis
y-axis
Rear hand
z-axis
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
1.6
0.093
0.097
0.153
0.156
0.187
0.742
2
0.15
0.11
0.149
0.175
0.157
0.975
2.5
0.243
0.172
0.263
0.189
0.352
1.086
3.15
0.239
0.198
0.245
0.238
0.279
0.843
4
0.285
0.222
0.286
0.297
0.32
0.521
5
0.254
0.179
0.187
0.216
0.203
0.385
6.3
0.375
0.193
0.251
0.248
0.306
0.504
8
0.327
0.251
0.236
0.209
0.283
0.325
10
0.384
0.178
0.201
0.258
0.238
0.261
12.5
0.328
0.213
0.194
0.218
0.234
0.281
16
0.251
0.279
0.192
0.198
0.26
0.34
20
0.284
0.281
0.216
0.195
0.302
0.397
25
0.245
0.35
0.268
0.199
0.408
0.535
31.5
0.276
0.379
0.25
0.272
0.387
0.526
40
0.401
0.405
0.21
0.495
0.338
0.495
50
0.473
0.435
0.225
0.459
0.298
0.431
63
0.624
0.488
0.276
0.566
0.286
0.427
80
0.862
0.516
0.403
0.805
0.373
0.434
100
0.889
0.571
0.479
0.843
0.412
0.414
125
1.013
0.6
0.632
0.896
0.5
0.341
160
1.368
0.732
1.318
0.865
1.024
0.375
200
1.983
0.81
1.383
0.763
1.171
0.489
250
2.193
1.203
1.304
0.877
1.106
0.673
315
2.032
1.618
1.198
0.847
1.051
0.831
400
2.327
2.212
1.327
0.902
1.36
1.131
500
2.007
2.472
1.021
1.149
1.16
1.495
630
2.95
2.858
1.007
3.518
1.172
3.097
800
11.08
6.528
2.75
7.282
1.459
5.381
1000
11.09
8.13
3.18
6.469
1.686
3.031
1250
4.908
7.235
2.211
3.341
2.229
2.842
55.25 Seconds
0
0
0.00 m/s²
1" Socket
1 inc Socket
0
Front hand
100
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
10
10
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
x-axis
Rear hand
100
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
DC-shift threshold:
1201
8482
MeasurementTime:
NumShotsInMeas:
DailyExposureTime:
A(8) Front hand
A(8) Rear hand
Notes:
Tool A
10
1
0.1
1
ahw
0.933
0.72
av
0.605
0.7
1.3
0.7
10
100
1000
1.0
1.4
5
Acceleration (m/s²)
10000
Frequency (Hz)
Front hand: x-axis
4
Front hand: y-axis
3
Front hand: z-axis
2
Rear hand: x-axis
1
Rear hand: y-axis
Rear hand: z-axis
0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55 Time (s)
MainID: 1201, ResultsID: 8482
24
LocationName:
Manchester City Council
0
Occupation:
Process:
RecordDate:
Vehicle Maintenance
Changing wheel
September 24, 2009
TapeNumber:
Operator#:
N/A
OP#3
Tightening of wheel nuts
N/A
VideoNumber:
MachineManufacturer:
MachineModel:
ChristieTotal Torque Solutions
C-RAD 27
HSLAnonymisedToolLetter:
MachineModifications:
MachineSize:
MachineWeight(kg):
0
0
0
MachineOperating pressure:
0
MachineSpeed(impacts/min):
0
MachineSpeed(revs/min):
0
MachinePower:
0
MachinePower source:
Pneumatic
Notes:
InsertedTool:
InsertedToolType:
InsertedToolManufacturer:
mm
Front hand
Frequency
x-axis
y-axis
Rear hand
z-axis
x-axis
y-axis
0.244
0.216
0.191
0.429
0.409
0.941
2
0.3
0.248
0.163
0.343
0.345
0.79
2.5
0.312
0.205
0.161
0.312
0.314
0.542
3.15
0.331
0.205
0.21
0.328
0.327
0.535
4
0.297
0.217
0.208
0.326
0.342
0.472
5
0.308
0.196
0.196
0.328
0.293
0.46
6.3
0.263
0.219
0.166
0.331
0.315
0.395
8
0.229
0.267
0.139
0.377
0.321
0.47
10
0.208
0.253
0.12
0.364
0.334
0.443
12.5
0.199
0.253
0.103
0.375
0.399
0.488
16
0.197
0.326
0.097
0.421
0.461
0.525
20
0.196
0.331
0.107
0.487
0.446
0.624
25
0.205
0.418
0.132
0.453
0.478
0.746
31.5
0.218
0.432
0.139
0.433
0.582
0.727
40
0.246
0.477
0.158
0.434
0.605
0.685
50
0.34
0.552
0.203
0.485
0.693
0.648
63
0.46
0.609
0.253
0.486
0.701
0.621
80
0.555
0.73
0.31
0.579
0.738
0.748
100
0.643
0.809
0.411
0.633
0.861
0.789
125
0.848
0.826
0.64
0.875
0.997
0.87
160
1.285
0.877
1.034
1.008
1.081
1.386
200
1.238
0.931
1.237
0.908
0.805
0.9
250
1.279
0.958
1.151
0.815
0.772
0.759
315
1.76
1.125
1.215
0.871
0.952
0.828
400
1.678
1.669
1.029
0.993
0.89
0.822
500
1.088
1.586
0.674
1.03
0.889
1.111
630
1.901
2.219
0.753
1.648
1.852
1.645
800
7.569
5.021
2.336
2.612
3.379
2.923
1000
8.735
5.962
2.497
1.673
2.388
1.65
1250
4.162
5.602
1.757
1.194
1.051
1.129
1" Socket
1 inc Socket
0
MainID:
ResultsID:
1201
8483
MeasurementTime:
NumShotsInMeas:
DailyExposureTime:
A(8) Front hand
A(8) Rear hand
71 Seconds
0
0
0.00 m/s²
Front hand
100
z-axis
1.6
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
10
10
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
x-axis
Rear hand
100
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
DC-shift threshold:
Tool A
10
1
0.1
1
ahw
0.665
0.829
Acceleration (m/s²)
av
0.404
1.0
1.1
1.1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
1.4
2.0
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Front hand: x-axis
Front hand: y-axis
Front hand: z-axis
Rear hand: x-axis
Rear hand: y-axis
Rear hand: z-axis
0
7
14
21
28
35
42
49
56
63
70
Time (s)
MainID: 1201, ResultsID: 8483
25
LocationName:
Manchester City Council
0
Occupation:
Process:
RecordDate:
Vehicle Maintenance
Changing wheel
September 24, 2009
TapeNumber:
Operator#:
N/A
OP#3
Tightening of wheel nuts
N/A
VideoNumber:
MachineManufacturer:
MachineModel:
ChristieTotal Torque Solutions
C-RAD 27
HSLAnonymisedToolLetter:
MachineModifications:
MachineSize:
MachineWeight(kg):
0
0
0
MainID:
ResultsID:
MachineOperating pressure:
0
MachineSpeed(impacts/min):
0
MachineSpeed(revs/min):
0
MachinePower:
0
MachinePower source:
Pneumatic
InsertedTool:
InsertedToolType:
InsertedToolManufacturer:
mm
Front hand
x-axis
Frequency
y-axis
Rear hand
z-axis
x-axis
y-axis
0.14
0.084
0.174
0.109
0.137
0.255
2
0.189
0.142
0.169
0.124
0.18
0.268
2.5
0.179
0.126
0.173
0.142
0.175
0.335
3.15
0.16
0.095
0.15
0.134
0.136
0.239
4
0.16
0.106
0.173
0.114
0.143
0.186
5
0.149
0.091
0.141
0.116
0.109
0.156
6.3
0.114
0.079
0.115
0.084
0.077
0.123
8
0.102
0.066
0.105
0.075
0.081
0.109
10
0.091
0.064
0.092
0.069
0.063
0.096
12.5
0.101
0.067
0.082
0.068
0.063
0.088
16
0.099
0.076
0.075
0.069
0.057
0.09
20
0.106
0.097
0.077
0.079
0.07
0.114
25
0.11
0.13
0.082
0.103
0.091
0.164
31.5
0.127
0.156
0.083
0.125
0.112
0.208
40
0.173
0.155
0.11
0.177
0.117
0.196
50
0.28
0.194
0.186
0.252
0.185
0.255
63
0.325
0.192
0.145
0.305
0.155
0.222
80
0.439
0.243
0.226
0.369
0.214
0.239
100
0.464
0.341
0.375
0.376
0.342
0.281
125
0.474
0.299
0.352
0.371
0.299
0.213
160
0.809
0.383
0.566
0.394
0.48
0.251
200
0.909
0.535
0.755
0.363
0.666
0.315
250
1.141
0.697
1.015
0.455
0.904
0.36
315
1.388
0.911
0.919
0.427
0.819
0.431
400
1.371
1.363
0.711
0.589
0.727
0.667
500
1.151
1.529
0.745
0.841
0.735
1.025
630
1.826
2.133
0.813
1.987
0.755
2.31
800
6.445
7.716
2.405
4.472
1.847
5.733
1000
8.067
7.124
2.298
4.537
1.997
3.019
1250
5.095
8.532
2.16
2.788
2.588
3.563
224.75 Seconds
0
0
0.00 m/s²
1" Socket
1 inc Socket
0
Front hand
100
z-axis
1.6
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
10
10
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
x-axis
Rear hand
100
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
DC-shift threshold:
1201
8484
MeasurementTime:
NumShotsInMeas:
DailyExposureTime:
A(8) Front hand
A(8) Rear hand
Notes:
Tool A
10
1
0.1
1
ahw
0.403
av
0.335
0.296
0.3
0.6
0.3
10
100
1000
0.4
0.5
2.5
Acceleration (m/s²)
10000
Frequency (Hz)
Front hand: x-axis
2
Front hand: y-axis
1.5
Front hand: z-axis
1
Rear hand: x-axis
0.5
Rear hand: y-axis
Rear hand: z-axis
0
0
22
44
66
88
110
132
154
176
198
220
Time (s)
MainID: 1201, ResultsID: 8484
26
Vibration Emission Test report
Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls
Sprreadsheet: Version 2.0 22/8/2008
ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008
NV/09/27
Tool B prescribed locations brake device
Hand Position 1 - Support-prescribed
Meas.
Date
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
Meas Time
14:16:33:748
14:16:47:124
14:17:01:123
14:17:14:749
14:17:30:624
14:27:50:873
14:28:04:498
14:28:17:124
14:28:29:124
14:28:43:123
14:58:44:748
14:59:01:373
14:59:17:123
14:59:38:249
14:59:54:249
a whx
0.15
0.16
0.16
0.14
0.14
0.17
0.17
0.14
0.13
0.14
0.23
0.16
0.13
0.15
0.15
a why
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.12
0.10
0.07
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.11
a whz
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.08
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.07
a hv
0.20
0.21
0.22
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.25
0.19
0.18
0.20
0.20
0.19
0.021
0.109
0.20
0.028
0.137
0.1
0.01
x-axis
100
100
1000
10000
0.54
0.073
0.135
0.62
0.037
0.059
0.64
m/s²
" R(single m/c.):
0.13
0.21
m/s²
m/s²
K (single m/c.) value:
0.64
K (single m/c.) value:
m/s²
0.21
m/s²
x-axis
100
Subject 3 Hand 1
z-axis
y-axis
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Subject 1 Hand 2
Subject 2 Hand 2
Subject 3 Hand 2
y-axis
z-axis
x-axis
100
1
0.01
y-axis
z-axis
Frequency (Hz)
1000
10000
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
100
z-axis
y-axis
Frequency (Hz)
0.1
10
0.112
Frequency (Hz)
10
1
0.083
a h (overall mean a hv):
0.01
10
0.75
m/s²
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
m/s²
m/s²
Subject 2 Hand 1
z-axis
y-axis
10
1
a hv
0.85
0.79
0.76
0.70
0.64
0.61
0.61
0.53
0.48
0.45
0.63
0.64
0.67
0.59
0.58
0.20
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.041
a whz
0.35
0.28
0.34
0.34
0.39
0.25
0.22
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.18
0.21
0.29
0.26
0.23
0.03
0.05
Subject 1 Hand 1
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.008
a why
0.26
0.20
0.26
0.25
0.28
0.20
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.22
0.20
0.18
" R(single m/c.):
Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value):
100
0.20
a whx
0.73
0.71
0.62
0.56
0.41
0.52
0.55
0.47
0.42
0.39
0.58
0.58
0.57
0.50
0.50
a h (overall mean a hv) :
K (single m/c.) value:
x-axis
Hand position 2 - Throttle-prescribed
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
TestNo. Operator
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
3
12
3
13
3
14
3
15
3
Meas.
Name
sh6
sh7
sh8
sh9
sh10
rh1
rh2
rh3
rh4
rh5
gh1
gh2
gh3
gh4
gh5
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
Standard:
N&V reference ID:
Measurement file name:
1000
y-axis
10000
z-axis
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
27
1000
10000
Vibration Emission Test report
Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls
Sprreadsheet: Version 2.0 22/8/2008
ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008
NV/09/27
Tool B prescribed throttle only brake device
Standard:
N&V reference ID:
Measurement file name:
Hand position 2 - Throttle - above
Meas Time
14:39:52:124
14:40:06:499
14:40:19:874
14:40:32:374
14:40:45:498
14:47:38:874
14:47:50:623
14:48:02:624
14:48:13:999
14:48:27:248
14:58:36:499
14:58:48:749
14:59:02:998
14:59:02:998
14:59:16:499
a whx
a why
a whz
a hv
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
x-axis
100
100
1000
10000
0.062
0.101
0.73
0.050
0.069
m/s²
0.11
0.19
m/s²
m/s²
K (single m/c.) value:
0.73
K (single m/c.) value:
m/s²
0.19
m/s²
x-axis
100
Subject 3 Hand 1
z-axis
y-axis
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Subject 1 Hand 2
Subject 2 Hand 2
Subject 3 Hand 2
y-axis
z-axis
x-axis
100
1
0.01
y-axis
z-axis
Frequency (Hz)
1000
10000
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
100
z-axis
y-axis
Frequency (Hz)
0.1
10
0.62
Frequency (Hz)
10
1
0.041
0.73
0.01
0.01
0.034
" R(single m/c.):
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.1
0.84
a h (overall mean a hv):
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
m/s²
Subject 2 Hand 1
z-axis
y-axis
10
10
a hv
0.79
0.88
0.82
0.84
0.86
0.72
0.57
0.61
0.57
0.63
0.68
0.67
0.74
0.74
0.80
m/s²
m/s²
Subject 1 Hand 1
1
a whz
0.25
0.22
0.20
0.24
0.24
0.28
0.17
0.18
0.17
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.25
0.25
0.27
" R(single m/c.):
Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value):
100
a why
0.24
0.25
0.20
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.15
0.18
0.15
0.17
0.22
0.18
0.22
0.22
0.23
a h (overall mean a hv) :
K (single m/c.) value:
x-axis
a whx
0.71
0.81
0.77
0.78
0.80
0.62
0.52
0.55
0.52
0.57
0.61
0.62
0.66
0.66
0.71
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
Meas.
Date
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
TestNo. Operator
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
3
12
3
13
3
14
3
15
3
Meas.
Name
sh1
sh2
sh3
sh4
sh5
rh1
rh2
rh3
rh4
rh5
gh01
gh02
gh03
gh04
gh05
1000
y-axis
10000
z-axis
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
28
1000
10000
Vibration Emission Test report
Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls
Sprreadsheet: Version 2.0 22/8/2008
ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008
NV/09/27
Tool B prescribed locations free running
Hand Position 1 - Support-prescribed
Meas.
Date
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
9/11/09
Meas Time
14:23:15:999
14:23:30:124
14:23:44:624
14:23:59:124
14:24:13:998
14:31:37:873
14:31:50:249
14:32:02:248
14:32:17:124
14:32:30:498
15:02:36:874
15:02:51:998
15:03:05:749
15:03:18:374
15:03:31:748
a whx
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.11
0.09
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.12
a why
0.10
0.11
0.11
0.14
0.16
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.16
0.14
0.16
0.15
0.15
a whz
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.10
0.10
a hv
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.20
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.002
0.009
0.22
0.006
0.027
0.1
10
x-axis
100
100
1000
10000
0.50
0.024
0.048
0.55
0.030
0.054
0.53
m/s²
" R(single m/c.):
0.04
0.06
m/s²
m/s²
K (single m/c.) value:
0.53
K (single m/c.) value:
m/s²
0.06
m/s²
x-axis
100
Subject 3 Hand 1
z-axis
y-axis
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Subject 1 Hand 2
Subject 2 Hand 2
Subject 3 Hand 2
y-axis
z-axis
x-axis
100
1
0.01
y-axis
z-axis
Frequency (Hz)
1000
10000
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
0.01
100
z-axis
y-axis
Frequency (Hz)
0.1
10
0.028
Frequency (Hz)
10
1
0.015
a h (overall mean a hv):
0.01
0.01
0.53
m/s²
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
m/s²
m/s²
Subject 2 Hand 1
z-axis
y-axis
10
1
a hv
0.52
0.54
0.53
0.53
0.56
0.47
0.47
0.49
0.51
0.52
0.54
0.52
0.55
0.55
0.60
0.21
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.013
a whz
0.31
0.32
0.31
0.32
0.34
0.28
0.29
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.30
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.01
0.01
Subject 1 Hand 1
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.003
a why
0.28
0.30
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.29
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.30
" R(single m/c.):
Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value):
100
0.20
a whx
0.31
0.31
0.33
0.32
0.34
0.29
0.28
0.29
0.31
0.33
0.31
0.31
0.33
0.33
0.38
a h (overall mean a hv) :
K (single m/c.) value:
x-axis
Hand position 2 - Throttle-prescribed
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
TestNo. Operator
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
3
12
3
13
3
14
3
15
3
Meas.
Name
sh11
sh12
sh13
sh14
sh15
rh6
rh7
rh8
rh9
rh10
gh6
gh7
gh8
gh9
gh10
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
Standard:
N&V reference ID:
Measurement file name:
1000
y-axis
10000
z-axis
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
29
1000
10000
Vibration Emission Test report
Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls
Sprreadsheet: Version 2.0 22/8/2008
ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008
NV/09/27
Tool B prescribed throttle only free running
Standard:
N&V reference ID:
Measurement file name:
Hand position 2 - Throttle - above
Meas Time
14:42:40:874
14:44:03:874
14:44:16:499
14:44:28:748
14:44:41:248
14:49:47:373
14:49:58:624
14:50:11:624
14:50:23:373
14:50:34:498
15:02:27:998
15:02:39:999
15:02:51:873
15:03:03:499
15:03:14:999
a whx
a why
a whz
a hv
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
x-axis
100
100
1000
10000
0.009
0.022
0.46
0.006
0.013
m/s²
0.02
0.03
m/s²
m/s²
K (single m/c.) value:
0.45
K (single m/c.) value:
m/s²
0.03
m/s²
x-axis
Subject 3 Hand 1
100
z-axis
y-axis
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Subject 1 Hand 2
Subject 2 Hand 2
Subject 3 Hand 2
y-axis
z-axis
x-axis
100
1
y-axis
z-axis
100
Frequency (Hz)
1000
10000
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
1000
y-axis
10000
z-axis
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.01
z-axis
y-axis
Frequency (Hz)
0.1
10
0.43
Frequency (Hz)
10
1
0.016
0.45
0.01
0.01
0.007
" R(single m/c.):
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.1
0.46
a h (overall mean a hv):
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
m/s²
Subject 2 Hand 1
z-axis
y-axis
10
10
a hv
0.46
0.45
0.46
0.45
0.46
0.44
0.43
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.45
0.46
0.45
0.46
0.46
m/s²
m/s²
Subject 1 Hand 1
1
a whz
0.24
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.24
" R(single m/c.):
Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value):
100
a why
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.25
0.27
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.24
a h (overall mean a hv) :
K (single m/c.) value:
x-axis
a whx
0.29
0.29
0.31
0.29
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.31
0.32
0.30
0.30
0.31
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
Meas.
Date
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
TestNo. Operator
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
3
12
3
13
3
14
3
15
3
Meas.
Name
sh6
sh7
sh8
sh9
sh10
rh6
rh7
rh8
rh9
rh10
gh06
gh07
gh08
gh09
gh10
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
30
1000
10000
Vibration Emission Test report
Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls
Sprreadsheet: Version 2.0 22/8/2008
ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008
NV/09/27
Tool B secondary locations brake test
Standard:
N&V reference ID:
Measurement file name:
Hand Position 1 - Support - motor housing
Meas Time
11:36:00:374
11:36:15:999
11:36:29:874
11:36:43:374
11:36:56:748
11:55:37:999
11:55:49:624
11:56:00:998
11:56:13:499
11:56:27:624
13:49:24:124
13:49:37:873
13:49:51:374
13:50:05:499
13:50:19:373
a whx
0.47
0.45
0.45
0.42
0.42
0.28
0.35
0.25
0.32
0.28
0.38
0.37
0.47
0.48
0.45
a why
0.19
0.14
0.12
0.17
0.14
0.09
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.11
0.13
0.15
0.17
0.18
0.19
a whz
0.43
0.36
0.40
0.39
0.48
0.29
0.31
0.29
0.25
0.32
0.18
0.19
0.23
0.23
0.27
a hv
0.66
0.59
0.62
0.60
0.66
0.42
0.47
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.55
0.56
0.56
0.43
0.029
0.068
0.51
0.067
0.131
0.1
10
x-axis
100
100
1000
10000
0.37
0.032
0.085
0.55
0.064
0.117
0.47
m/s²
" R(single m/c.):
0.09
0.15
m/s²
m/s²
K (single m/c.) value:
0.52
K (single m/c.) value:
m/s²
0.17
m/s²
x-axis
Subject 3 Hand 1
100
z-axis
y-axis
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Subject 1 Hand 2
Subject 2 Hand 2
Subject 3 Hand 2
y-axis
z-axis
x-axis
100
1
0.01
y-axis
z-axis
Frequency (Hz)
1000
10000
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
1000
y-axis
10000
z-axis
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.01
100
z-axis
y-axis
Frequency (Hz)
0.1
10
0.034
Frequency (Hz)
10
1
0.017
a h (overall mean a hv):
0.01
0.01
0.50
m/s²
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
m/s²
m/s²
Subject 2 Hand 1
z-axis
y-axis
10
1
a hv
0.48
0.50
0.50
0.53
0.49
0.35
0.43
0.37
0.35
0.37
0.48
0.47
0.61
0.60
0.55
0.52
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.054
a whz
0.36
0.39
0.38
0.34
0.30
0.26
0.30
0.26
0.26
0.25
0.43
0.42
0.53
0.52
0.46
0.10
0.17
Subject 1 Hand 1
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.034
a why
0.23
0.22
0.24
0.32
0.30
0.17
0.24
0.19
0.19
0.22
0.16
0.16
0.21
0.22
0.21
" R(single m/c.):
Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value):
100
0.62
a whx
0.23
0.21
0.22
0.25
0.24
0.16
0.20
0.16
0.16
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.22
0.23
0.22
a h (overall mean a hv) :
K (single m/c.) value:
x-axis
Hand position 2 - Throttle - side
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
Meas.
Date
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
TestNo. Operator
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
3
12
3
13
3
14
3
15
3
Meas.
Name
sh1
sh2
sh3
sh4
sh5
rh11
rh12
rh13
rh14
rh15
gh1
gh2
gh3
gh4
gh5
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
31
1000
10000
Vibration Emission Test report
Pulse file version: HAV Emission V2.1.2 2008-07-25.pls
Sprreadsheet: Version 2.0 22/8/2008
ISO/FDIS 28927-2:2008
NV/09/27
Tool B secondary locations free running
Standard:
N&V reference ID:
Measurement file name:
Hand Position 1 - Support - motor housing
Meas Time
11:38:02:123
11:38:16:248
11:38:28:998
11:38:41:873
11:39:17:998
11:45:00:248
11:45:12:873
11:45:24:874
11:45:36:499
11:45:47:998
13:52:20:498
13:52:33:123
13:52:45:998
13:52:58:248
13:53:12:124
a whx
0.69
0.68
0.72
0.81
0.94
0.80
0.84
0.82
0.87
0.85
0.72
0.72
0.78
0.89
0.87
a why
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.21
0.25
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.25
0.91
0.95
0.99
1.02
1.10
a whz
1.31
1.19
1.31
1.33
1.50
1.28
1.42
1.47
1.35
1.43
1.25
1.27
1.45
1.48
1.49
a hv
1.49
1.38
1.50
1.57
1.78
1.52
1.67
1.70
1.62
1.68
1.71
1.74
1.92
2.01
2.04
1.64
0.069
0.042
1.88
0.152
0.081
0.1
10
x-axis
100
100
1000
10000
0.54
0.019
0.036
0.48
0.042
0.089
0.52
m/s²
" R(single m/c.):
0.06
0.10
m/s²
m/s²
K (single m/c.) value:
1.69
K (single m/c.) value:
m/s²
0.37
m/s²
x-axis
Subject 3 Hand 1
100
z-axis
y-axis
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
10
1
0.1
0.01
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Subject 1 Hand 2
Subject 2 Hand 2
Subject 3 Hand 2
y-axis
z-axis
x-axis
100
1
y-axis
z-axis
100
Frequency (Hz)
1000
10000
x-axis
100
10
1
0.1
1000
y-axis
10000
z-axis
10
1
0.1
0.01
0.01
0.01
z-axis
y-axis
Frequency (Hz)
0.1
10
0.081
Frequency (Hz)
10
1
0.044
a h (overall mean a hv):
0.01
0.01
0.54
m/s²
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
m/s²
m/s²
Subject 2 Hand 1
z-axis
y-axis
10
1
a hv
0.47
0.53
0.56
0.57
0.57
0.51
0.53
0.56
0.56
0.54
0.42
0.44
0.48
0.52
0.51
1.69
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.097
a whz
0.33
0.36
0.38
0.41
0.37
0.33
0.35
0.37
0.38
0.36
0.27
0.25
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.23
0.37
Subject 1 Hand 1
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
0.149
a why
0.26
0.29
0.32
0.30
0.34
0.32
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.33
0.26
0.30
0.31
0.35
0.34
" R(single m/c.):
Single machine emission a hd ( = greatest a h value):
100
1.55
a whx
0.22
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.24
0.25
0.27
0.26
0.25
0.21
0.21
0.23
0.24
0.23
a h (overall mean a hv) :
K (single m/c.) value:
x-axis
Hand position 2 - Throttle - side
Operator Statistics
Mean a hv
S n-1
Cv
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
Meas.
Date
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
3/9/09
1/3 Oct. acceleration
(m/s²)
TestNo. Operator
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
1
5
1
6
2
7
2
8
2
9
2
10
2
11
3
12
3
13
3
14
3
15
3
Meas.
Name
sh6
sh7
sh8
sh9
sh10
rh6
rh7
rh8
rh9
rh10
gh6
gh7
gh8
gh9
gh10
1
10
100
1000
10000
1
10
100
Frequency (Hz)
Frequency (Hz)
32
1000
10000
LocationName:
Manchester City Council
0
Occupation:
Process:
RecordDate:
Vehicle Maintenance
Changing wheel
September 24, 2009
TapeNumber:
Operator#:
N/A
OP#3
Tightening of wheel nuts
N/A
VideoNumber:
MachineManufacturer:
MachineModel:
Norbar
HSLAnonymisedToolLetter:
MachineModifications:
MachineSize:
MachineWeight(kg):
0
0
0
MainID:
ResultsID:
MachineOperating pressure:
0
MachineSpeed(impacts/min):
0
MachineSpeed(revs/min):
0
MachinePower:
0
MachinePower source:
Pneumatic
InsertedTool:
InsertedToolType:
InsertedToolManufacturer:
mm
Front hand
x-axis
Frequency
y-axis
Rear hand
z-axis
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
1.6
0.314
0.135
0.151
0.297
0.32
0.768
2
0.436
0.2
0.281
0.379
0.504
0.708
2.5
0.444
0.25
0.36
0.441
0.609
0.652
3.15
0.437
0.262
0.299
0.362
0.53
0.654
4
0.536
0.189
0.385
0.477
0.493
0.494
5
0.461
0.261
0.409
0.368
0.541
0.589
6.3
0.485
0.199
0.498
0.405
0.506
0.507
8
0.54
0.225
0.39
0.404
0.458
0.383
10
0.453
0.19
0.399
0.383
0.408
0.368
12.5
0.51
0.244
0.316
0.395
0.332
0.338
16
0.508
0.241
0.325
0.344
0.347
0.344
20
0.547
0.273
0.352
0.339
0.37
0.4
25
0.533
0.332
0.31
0.311
0.338
0.373
31.5
0.534
0.362
0.286
0.285
0.317
0.361
40
0.54
0.406
0.282
0.279
0.316
0.378
50
0.482
0.497
0.236
0.276
0.33
0.394
63
0.555
0.603
0.254
0.29
0.349
0.42
80
0.567
0.631
0.287
0.31
0.382
0.41
100
0.619
0.57
0.279
0.344
0.351
0.418
125
0.638
0.527
0.361
0.377
0.388
0.405
160
0.564
0.593
0.498
0.382
0.471
0.382
200
0.573
0.607
0.522
0.372
0.474
0.387
250
0.516
0.515
0.403
0.385
0.401
0.335
315
0.524
0.53
0.393
0.447
0.377
0.345
400
0.616
0.579
0.44
0.531
0.419
0.464
500
0.749
0.879
0.492
0.623
0.507
0.717
630
1.603
1.374
0.761
1.181
0.772
0.993
800
2.292
2.34
1.257
1.839
0.771
1.367
1000
3.936
3.495
1.999
2.419
0.961
1.168
1250
6.15
3.91
2.107
3.882
2.598
1.85
47.25 Seconds
0
0
0.00 m/s²
1" Socket
1 inc Socket
0
Front hand
100
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
10
10
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
x-axis
Rear hand
100
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
DC-shift threshold:
1202
8485
MeasurementTime:
NumShotsInMeas:
DailyExposureTime:
A(8) Front hand
A(8) Rear hand
Notes:
Tool B
10
1
0.1
1
ahw
1.273
Acceleration (m/s²)
av
0.689
0.908
0.9
1.0
1.7
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
1.0
1.7
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Front hand: x-axis
Front hand: y-axis
Front hand: z-axis
Rear hand: x-axis
Rear hand: y-axis
Rear hand: z-axis
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Time (s)
MainID: 1202, ResultsID: 8485
33
LocationName:
Manchester City Council
0
Occupation:
Process:
RecordDate:
Vehicle Maintenance
Changing wheel
September 24, 2009
TapeNumber:
Operator#:
N/A
OP#3
Tightening of wheel nuts
N/A
VideoNumber:
MachineManufacturer:
MachineModel:
Norbar
HSLAnonymisedToolLetter:
MachineModifications:
MachineSize:
MachineWeight(kg):
0
0
0
MainID:
ResultsID:
MachineOperating pressure:
0
MachineSpeed(impacts/min):
0
MachineSpeed(revs/min):
0
MachinePower:
0
MachinePower source:
Pneumatic
InsertedTool:
InsertedToolType:
InsertedToolManufacturer:
mm
Front hand
Frequency
x-axis
Rear hand
y-axis
z-axis
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
1.6
0.282
0.088
0.163
0.315
0.415
1.603
2
0.347
0.127
0.232
0.485
0.497
2.198
2.5
0.45
0.196
0.293
0.876
0.577
3.374
3.15
0.517
0.232
0.319
0.771
0.392
2.474
4
0.462
0.268
0.285
0.51
0.311
1.404
5
0.476
0.301
0.282
0.49
0.289
1.145
6.3
0.605
0.248
0.274
0.564
0.325
0.767
8
0.84
0.244
0.381
0.544
0.373
0.497
10
0.623
0.243
0.319
0.452
0.344
0.476
12.5
0.741
0.241
0.329
0.487
0.33
0.416
16
0.641
0.269
0.323
0.452
0.338
0.418
20
0.687
0.253
0.288
0.457
0.301
0.365
25
0.749
0.38
0.292
0.436
0.333
0.369
31.5
0.718
0.359
0.291
0.424
0.324
0.443
40
0.547
0.469
0.229
0.366
0.312
0.486
50
0.485
0.527
0.247
0.353
0.341
0.455
63
0.42
0.62
0.254
0.298
0.35
0.461
80
0.364
0.699
0.27
0.283
0.385
0.462
100
0.368
0.766
0.238
0.264
0.377
0.458
125
0.329
0.73
0.295
0.278
0.385
0.424
160
0.341
0.661
0.382
0.28
0.408
0.415
200
0.435
0.608
0.369
0.313
0.385
0.403
250
0.447
0.552
0.345
0.348
0.338
0.39
315
0.443
0.576
0.352
0.385
0.334
0.413
400
0.526
0.766
0.342
0.547
0.408
0.515
500
0.719
0.991
0.392
0.709
0.495
0.68
630
1.153
1.567
0.529
1.037
0.697
0.973
800
1.748
2.459
1.022
1.877
0.782
1.269
1000
3.37
3.151
1.59
2.288
0.971
1.394
1250
5.738
3.505
1.779
3.421
1.881
1.922
45.75 Seconds
0
0
0.00 m/s²
1" Socket
1 inc Socket
0
Front hand
100
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
10
10
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
x-axis
Rear hand
100
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
DC-shift threshold:
1202
8486
MeasurementTime:
NumShotsInMeas:
DailyExposureTime:
A(8) Front hand
A(8) Rear hand
Notes:
Tool B
10
1
0.1
1
ahw
1.675
0.755
av
0.78
1.2
2.0
0.8
10
100
1000
1.6
2.2
8
Acceleration (m/s²)
10000
Frequency (Hz)
Front hand: x-axis
6
Front hand: y-axis
Front hand: z-axis
4
Rear hand: x-axis
2
Rear hand: y-axis
Rear hand: z-axis
0
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
44
Time (s)
MainID: 1202, ResultsID: 8486
34
LocationName:
Manchester City Council
MachineManufacturer:
MachineModel:
0
Occupation:
Process:
RecordDate:
Vehicle Maintenance
Changing wheel
September 24, 2009
TapeNumber:
Operator#:
N/A
OP#3
Tightening of wheel nuts
N/A
VideoNumber:
Norbar
HSLAnonymisedToolLetter:
MachineModifications:
MachineSize:
MachineWeight(kg):
0
0
0
MainID:
ResultsID:
MachineOperating pressure:
0
MachineSpeed(impacts/min):
0
MachineSpeed(revs/min):
0
MachinePower:
0
MachinePower source:
Pneumatic
InsertedTool:
InsertedToolType:
InsertedToolManufacturer:
mm
Front hand
x-axis
Frequency
y-axis
Rear hand
z-axis
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
1.6
0.277
0.183
0.264
0.196
0.185
0.682
2
0.451
0.224
0.321
0.28
0.353
0.472
2.5
0.393
0.257
0.314
0.302
0.324
0.387
3.15
0.411
0.262
0.272
0.267
0.356
0.436
4
0.575
0.315
0.5
0.477
0.473
0.388
0.427
5
0.563
0.258
0.534
0.413
0.515
6.3
0.567
0.263
0.265
0.4
0.271
0.402
8
0.493
0.253
0.249
0.316
0.266
0.328
10
0.547
0.231
0.295
0.302
0.289
0.363
12.5
0.497
0.265
0.315
0.32
0.311
0.38
16
0.57
0.265
0.264
0.237
0.261
0.304
20
0.575
0.34
0.31
0.27
0.315
0.326
25
0.504
0.361
0.22
0.247
0.26
0.324
31.5
0.611
0.454
0.221
0.301
0.277
0.354
40
0.559
0.463
0.244
0.298
0.285
0.402
50
0.544
0.545
0.316
0.333
0.366
0.471
63
0.598
0.582
0.383
0.403
0.429
0.48
80
0.542
0.673
0.311
0.369
0.413
0.499
100
0.527
0.673
0.291
0.367
0.399
0.478
125
0.552
0.713
0.32
0.411
0.4
0.413
160
0.574
0.723
0.484
0.375
0.458
0.398
200
0.577
0.683
0.595
0.379
0.548
0.406
250
0.58
0.758
0.467
0.379
0.522
0.451
315
0.584
0.699
0.405
0.479
0.466
0.519
400
0.582
0.766
0.339
0.488
0.402
0.478
500
0.607
0.89
0.324
0.41
0.391
0.588
630
1.006
1.339
0.433
0.642
0.534
0.839
800
1.999
2.359
1.156
1.808
0.765
1.197
1000
4.171
3.13
1.734
2.346
0.853
1.305
1250
6.731
3.591
1.751
4.382
1.442
1.288
43.75 Seconds
0
0
0.00 m/s²
1" Socket
1 inc Socket
0
Front hand
100
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
10
10
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
x-axis
Rear hand
100
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
DC-shift threshold:
1202
8487
MeasurementTime:
NumShotsInMeas:
DailyExposureTime:
A(8) Front hand
A(8) Rear hand
Notes:
Tool B
10
1
0.1
1
ahw
1.352
0.789
Acceleration (m/s²)
av
0.759
0.8
1.7
0.8
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
0.9
1.4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
Front hand: x-axis
Front hand: y-axis
Front hand: z-axis
Rear hand: x-axis
Rear hand: y-axis
Rear hand: z-axis
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
Time (s)
MainID: 1202, ResultsID: 8487
35
LocationName:
Manchester City Council
0
Occupation:
Process:
RecordDate:
Vehicle Maintenance
Changing wheel
September 24, 2009
TapeNumber:
Operator#:
N/A
OP#3
Removal of wheel nuts
N/A
VideoNumber:
MachineManufacturer:
MachineModel:
Norbar
HSLAnonymisedToolLetter:
MachineModifications:
MachineSize:
MachineWeight(kg):
0
0
0
MainID:
ResultsID:
MachineOperating pressure:
0
MachineSpeed(impacts/min):
0
MachineSpeed(revs/min):
0
MachinePower:
0
MachinePower source:
Pneumatic
InsertedTool:
InsertedToolType:
InsertedToolManufacturer:
mm
Front hand
Rear hand
x-axis
y-axis
1.6
0.17
0.2
0.967
0.369
0.226
1.271
2
0.243
0.197
0.974
0.353
0.273
1.019
2.5
0.417
0.204
0.889
0.476
0.293
1.044
3.15
0.548
0.198
0.894
0.783
0.367
1.228
4
0.619
0.234
0.903
0.871
0.597
1.382
1.264
Frequency
z-axis
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
5
0.627
0.242
0.923
0.745
0.634
6.3
0.538
0.284
0.738
0.54
0.39
0.808
8
0.769
0.319
0.733
0.656
0.454
0.629
10
0.685
0.356
0.721
0.467
0.434
0.481
12.5
0.673
0.303
0.648
0.525
0.413
0.475
16
0.627
0.37
0.596
0.453
0.41
0.481
20
0.778
0.392
0.636
0.468
0.516
0.723
25
0.844
0.54
0.684
0.53
0.604
0.708
31.5
1.069
0.59
0.683
0.649
0.574
0.912
40
0.893
0.581
0.567
0.575
0.493
0.765
50
0.981
0.684
0.558
0.611
0.519
0.821
63
0.808
0.811
0.597
0.507
0.608
0.802
80
0.863
0.908
0.483
0.564
0.538
0.849
100
0.943
0.962
0.529
0.634
0.553
0.962
125
1.032
1.03
0.721
0.631
0.631
1.068
160
1.052
1.149
0.995
0.641
0.842
0.991
200
1.01
1.332
1.147
0.822
0.945
0.882
250
1.126
1.491
1.2
0.625
0.971
0.983
315
1.273
1.877
1.175
0.978
1.058
1.419
400
1.531
2.533
1.262
1.428
1.084
2.445
500
2.161
3.091
1.39
1.364
1.06
2.639
630
3.258
5.073
1.92
1.401
1.555
3.069
800
4.311
6.023
2.013
1.743
1.905
3.381
1000
4.408
4.704
2.469
2.951
2.084
2.43
1250
5.345
4.428
2.389
5.666
2.933
2.92
34.25 Seconds
0
0
0.00 m/s²
1" Socket
1 inc Socket
0
Front hand
100
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
10
10
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
x-axis
Rear hand
100
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
DC-shift threshold:
1203
8488
MeasurementTime:
NumShotsInMeas:
DailyExposureTime:
A(8) Front hand
A(8) Rear hand
Notes:
Tool B
10
1
0.1
1
ahw
1.825
1.043
av
1.741
1.4
2.7
1.2
10
100
1000
1.8
2.6
6
Acceleration (m/s²)
10000
Frequency (Hz)
Front hand: x-axis
5
Front hand: y-axis
4
Front hand: z-axis
3
Rear hand: x-axis
2
Rear hand: y-axis
1
Rear hand: z-axis
0
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
30
33
Time (s)
MainID: 1203, ResultsID: 8488
36
LocationName:
Manchester City Council
MachineManufacturer:
MachineModel:
0
Occupation:
Process:
RecordDate:
Vehicle Maintenance
Changing wheel
September 24, 2009
TapeNumber:
Operator#:
N/A
OP#3
Removal of wheel nuts
N/A
VideoNumber:
Norbar
HSLAnonymisedToolLetter:
MachineModifications:
MachineSize:
MachineWeight(kg):
0
0
0
MainID:
ResultsID:
MachineOperating pressure:
0
MachineSpeed(impacts/min):
0
MachineSpeed(revs/min):
0
MachinePower:
0
MachinePower source:
Pneumatic
InsertedTool:
InsertedToolType:
InsertedToolManufacturer:
mm
Front hand
Frequency
x-axis
y-axis
Rear hand
z-axis
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
1.6
0.295
0.151
0.155
0.248
0.315
1.424
2
0.366
0.164
0.18
0.271
0.404
1.669
2.5
0.347
0.244
0.256
0.421
0.559
1.923
3.15
0.413
0.266
0.309
0.355
0.541
1.57
4
0.39
0.284
0.361
0.293
0.398
1.009
5
0.448
0.254
0.35
0.393
0.441
0.791
6.3
0.479
0.224
0.233
0.338
0.303
0.57
8
0.503
0.292
0.241
0.4
0.328
0.61
10
0.503
0.272
0.238
0.344
0.287
0.483
12.5
0.474
0.314
0.265
0.362
0.285
0.43
16
0.578
0.382
0.282
0.379
0.33
0.403
20
0.561
0.347
0.339
0.408
0.361
0.476
25
0.754
0.452
0.301
0.357
0.338
0.528
31.5
0.615
0.502
0.216
0.32
0.292
0.527
40
0.578
0.575
0.297
0.369
0.373
0.585
50
0.574
0.632
0.315
0.404
0.392
0.667
63
0.594
0.717
0.441
0.424
0.534
0.749
80
0.498
0.824
0.351
0.352
0.506
0.734
100
0.506
0.792
0.324
0.33
0.463
0.645
125
0.4
0.715
0.304
0.29
0.404
0.585
160
0.394
0.713
0.377
0.277
0.419
0.533
200
0.427
0.688
0.498
0.276
0.48
0.514
250
0.476
0.669
0.438
0.259
0.429
0.455
315
0.571
0.668
0.409
0.419
0.4
0.516
400
0.736
0.756
0.483
0.678
0.486
0.762
500
0.696
0.925
0.449
0.801
0.486
0.904
630
1.407
1.426
0.656
1.66
0.685
1.136
800
2.517
2.728
1.124
1.872
0.934
1.859
1000
3.72
4.357
2.124
2.123
1.2
1.642
1250
5.651
3.995
2.351
3.803
2.022
1.64
42.25 Seconds
0
0
0.00 m/s²
1" Socket
1 inc Socket
0
Front hand
100
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
10
10
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
x-axis
Rear hand
100
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
DC-shift threshold:
1203
8489
MeasurementTime:
NumShotsInMeas:
DailyExposureTime:
A(8) Front hand
A(8) Rear hand
Notes:
Tool B
10
1
0.1
1
ahw
1.339
0.913
av
0.7
0.9
1.8
0.8
10
100
1000
1.4
1.9
5
Acceleration (m/s²)
10000
Frequency (Hz)
Front hand: x-axis
4
Front hand: y-axis
3
Front hand: z-axis
2
Rear hand: x-axis
1
Rear hand: y-axis
Rear hand: z-axis
0
0
4
8
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
Time (s)
MainID: 1203, ResultsID: 8489
37
LocationName:
Manchester City Council
0
Occupation:
Process:
RecordDate:
Vehicle Maintenance
Changing wheel
September 24, 2009
TapeNumber:
Operator#:
N/A
OP#3
Removal of wheel nuts
N/A
VideoNumber:
MachineManufacturer:
MachineModel:
Norbar
HSLAnonymisedToolLetter:
MachineModifications:
MachineSize:
MachineWeight(kg):
0
0
0
MainID:
ResultsID:
MachineOperating pressure:
0
MachineSpeed(impacts/min):
0
MachineSpeed(revs/min):
0
MachinePower:
0
MachinePower source:
Pneumatic
InsertedTool:
InsertedToolType:
InsertedToolManufacturer:
mm
Front hand
Frequency
x-axis
y-axis
Rear hand
z-axis
x-axis
y-axis
0.082
0.076
0.07
0.252
0.302
0.349
2
0.091
0.089
0.107
0.207
0.213
0.414
2.5
0.135
0.086
0.135
0.135
0.218
0.404
3.15
0.188
0.112
0.241
0.203
0.262
0.408
4
0.329
0.13
0.307
0.28
0.311
0.528
5
0.436
0.144
0.516
0.417
0.483
0.551
6.3
0.634
0.134
0.497
0.544
0.456
0.472
8
0.68
0.13
0.307
0.457
0.307
0.301
10
0.552
0.164
0.35
0.46
0.332
0.344
12.5
0.457
0.175
0.513
0.461
0.487
0.386
16
0.727
0.257
0.432
0.497
0.4
0.416
20
1.077
0.18
0.36
0.589
0.335
0.344
25
1.111
0.251
0.482
0.638
0.468
0.468
31.5
0.945
0.311
0.468
0.531
0.439
0.553
40
0.616
0.312
0.272
0.333
0.282
0.346
50
0.619
0.286
0.242
0.343
0.228
0.34
63
0.443
0.268
0.198
0.285
0.205
0.406
80
0.43
0.281
0.204
0.274
0.198
0.441
100
0.354
0.306
0.247
0.229
0.228
0.368
125
0.449
0.25
0.256
0.29
0.226
0.245
160
0.422
0.27
0.235
0.263
0.206
0.291
200
0.453
0.283
0.219
0.251
0.195
0.21
250
0.344
0.303
0.194
0.228
0.16
0.225
315
0.419
0.352
0.224
0.3
0.21
0.189
400
0.918
0.633
0.431
0.84
0.474
0.333
500
0.613
0.415
0.301
0.648
0.273
0.311
630
1.008
0.727
0.461
1.045
0.433
0.637
800
1.692
1.64
0.62
1.38
0.485
1.081
1000
2.225
2.331
0.752
2.043
0.792
1.553
1250
2.722
1.554
1.235
2.363
1.321
1.136
12.5 Seconds
0
0
0.00 m/s²
1" Socket
1 inc Socket
0
Front hand
100
z-axis
1.6
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
10
10
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
x-axis
Rear hand
100
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
DC-shift threshold:
1203
8490
MeasurementTime:
NumShotsInMeas:
DailyExposureTime:
A(8) Front hand
A(8) Rear hand
Notes:
Tool B
10
1
0.1
1
ahw
1.772
0.501
av
1.031
1.2
1.0
2.1
10
100
1000
1.0
1.9
5
Acceleration (m/s²)
10000
Frequency (Hz)
Front hand: x-axis
4
Front hand: y-axis
3
Front hand: z-axis
2
Rear hand: x-axis
1
Rear hand: y-axis
Rear hand: z-axis
0
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12 Time (s)
MainID: 1203, ResultsID: 8490
38
LocationName:
Manchester City Council
0
Occupation:
Process:
RecordDate:
Vehicle Maintenance
Changing wheel
September 24, 2009
TapeNumber:
Operator#:
N/A
OP#3
Removal of wheel nuts
N/A
VideoNumber:
MachineManufacturer:
MachineModel:
Norbar
HSLAnonymisedToolLetter:
MachineModifications:
MachineSize:
MachineWeight(kg):
0
0
0
MainID:
ResultsID:
MachineOperating pressure:
0
MachineSpeed(impacts/min):
0
MachineSpeed(revs/min):
0
MachinePower:
0
MachinePower source:
Pneumatic
Notes:
InsertedTool:
InsertedToolType:
InsertedToolManufacturer:
mm
Front hand
x-axis
Frequency
y-axis
Rear hand
z-axis
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
1.6
0.16
0.106
0.211
0.241
0.269
0.383
2
0.197
0.143
0.182
0.198
0.222
0.279
2.5
0.258
0.143
0.161
0.277
0.189
0.308
3.15
0.271
0.141
0.245
0.263
0.255
0.283
4
0.308
0.178
0.329
0.251
0.293
0.323
5
0.333
0.154
0.27
0.276
0.307
0.229
6.3
0.391
0.143
0.294
0.24
0.288
0.283
8
0.373
0.162
0.265
0.242
0.266
0.25
10
0.356
0.167
0.292
0.272
0.289
0.25
12.5
0.354
0.17
0.306
0.296
0.293
0.27
16
0.507
0.188
0.226
0.309
0.221
0.275
20
0.456
0.232
0.322
0.294
0.312
0.3
25
0.595
0.279
0.4
0.287
0.391
0.367
31.5
0.442
0.357
0.279
0.243
0.292
0.313
40
0.365
0.476
0.262
0.212
0.316
0.329
50
0.375
0.527
0.273
0.243
0.343
0.365
63
0.329
0.577
0.24
0.27
0.332
0.385
80
0.287
0.573
0.211
0.247
0.314
0.337
100
0.378
0.606
0.237
0.292
0.353
0.384
125
0.352
0.597
0.315
0.282
0.406
0.439
160
0.359
0.569
0.4
0.282
0.44
0.424
200
0.31
0.55
0.321
0.211
0.35
0.421
250
0.316
0.512
0.305
0.212
0.332
0.366
315
0.373
0.501
0.258
0.279
0.29
0.332
0.377
400
0.48
0.542
0.255
0.533
0.256
500
0.632
0.592
0.34
0.713
0.368
0.618
630
1.255
1.115
0.685
1.436
0.813
1.286
800
1.666
2.195
0.992
1.855
1.142
1.567
1000
2.814
3.48
1.573
2.192
1.096
1.405
1250
5.017
2.808
1.794
3.129
1.902
2.06
1" Socket
1 inc Socket
0
1203
8491
29.25 Seconds
0
0
0.00 m/s²
MeasurementTime:
NumShotsInMeas:
DailyExposureTime:
A(8) Front hand
A(8) Rear hand
Front hand
100
x-axis
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
10
10
1
0.1
1
10
100
1000
10000
Frequency (Hz)
x-axis
Rear hand
100
y-axis
z-axis
Acceleration (m/s²)
DC-shift threshold:
Tool B
10
1
0.1
1
ahw
1.032
av
0.596
0.727
0.7
0.7
1.4
10
100
1000
0.7
1.2
3
Acceleration (m/s²)
10000
Frequency (Hz)
Front hand: x-axis
2.5
Front hand: y-axis
2
Front hand: z-axis
1.5
Rear hand: x-axis
1
Rear hand: y-axis
0.5
Rear hand: z-axis
0
0
3
6
9
12
15
18
21
24
27
Time (s)
MainID: 1203, ResultsID: 8491
39
40
41
Published by the Health and Safety Executive
04/10
Health and Safety
Executive
Vibration measurements on
torque multipliers
It was brought to HSE’s attention that torque
multipliers were being used instead of impact
wrenches in some instances in the workplace. Given
that torque multipliers are purely rotary machines, the
vibration level is likely to be much lower than that on
an impact wrench. HSL had not previously measured
the vibration magnitudes associated with the use
of torque multipliers and so were asked by HSE to
see whether they are a practicable alternative to
impact wrenches and to investigate the differences in
vibration exposure associated with their use.
When comparing HSL measured emission values
with field measurements, the emission values are
lower than the field measurements, indicating that
the risk is underestimated by the emission values.
However the risk from vibration exposure associated
with the use of the machines is very low.
The number of vibration exposure points incurred
from use of a torque multiplier when processing 100
nuts is approximately ten times lower than would be
incurred with an impact wrench, however it would
take three times longer.
A torque multiplier may be the preferred choice of
tool if an operator is subject to vibration exposure
from using other machines, as very few vibration
exposure points will be incurred from its use.
This report and the work it describes were funded
by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its
contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions
expressed, are those of the authors alone and do
not necessarily reflect HSE policy.
RR794
www.hse.gov.uk