International Journal of Case Method Research & Application (2006) XVIII, 3
© 2006 WACRA®. All rights reserved ISSN 1554-7752
ISSN 1554-7752
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
CASE METHOD RESEARCH &
APPLICATION
Volume XVIII, Issue No. 3
September 2006
Volume I-XVI, 1988 - 2003
Selected Papers on Case Method Research & Application
THE JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR
CASE METHOD RESEARCH & APPLICATION
www.wacra.org
224
International Journal of Case Method Research & Application (2006) XVIII, 3
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
CASE METHOD RESEARCH & APPLICATION
Editor-in-Chief
Hans E Klein, WACRA, Needham (Boston), United States
wacra@rcn.com
Associate Editor-in-Chief
Charles Patti, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado, United States
cpatti@du.edu
Editorial Board
Lanna Andrews, University of San Francisco, Walnut Creek, California, U.S.A.
Lars Bengtsson, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
Audrey Cohen, Kingsborough Community College, Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A.
Salvatore Federico, AGSIM - Thunderbird, Glendale, Arizona, U.S.A.
Martha Fransson, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Hartford, Connecticut, U.S.A.
Ana Gil Garcia, Northeast Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
Robert Hendersen, Grand Valley State University, Allendale, Michigan, U.S.A.,
Samuel Henry, Portland State University, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A.
Stephen Hundley, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, Indiana, U.S.A.
Marcus Hurt, EDHEC School of Business, Lille, FRANCE
Jane Jackson, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, CHINA
Chan Lee, Minnesota State University, Mankato, Minnesota, U.S.A.
Wen-Kuei Liang, Tatung University, Taipei, TAIWAN, R.O.C.
Louis Mancuso, Xavier University, New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A.
Lorraine McKechnie, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, SCOTLAND
Pierre Mora, Bordeaux Business School, Talence, FRANCE
Jonas Nordquist, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, SWEDEN
Peter Olson, New York, U.S.A.
C. P. Rao, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, KUWAIT
Al Rosenbloom, St. Xavier University, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
Douglas Ross, Towson University, Towson, Maryland, U.S.A.
Dietrich Schaupp, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, U.S.A.
Victor Selman, The American University, Washington, District of Columbia, U.S.A.
Stephanie Tatum, Dowling College, Shirley, New York, U.S.A.
Alfonso Vargas Sanchez, University of Huelva, Huelva, SPAIN
David Wylie, Babson College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Andrews@usfca.edu
lars.bengtsson@fek.lu.se
acohen@kingsborough.edu
federics@t-bird.edu
fransson@rh.edu
a-serafin@neiu.edu
hendersr@gvsu.edu
henry@pdx.edu
shundley@iupui.edu
marcus.hurt@edhec.edu
jjackson@cuhk.edu.hk
chan.lee@mnsu.edu
wkliang@ttu.edu.tw
lmancuso@xula.edu
l.mckechnie@gcal.ac.uk
pierre.mora@bordeaux-bs.edu
jonas.nordquist@lime.ki.se
polson@utica.edu
cprao@cba.edu.kw
right2al@comcast.net
dross@towson.edu
Dietrich.Schaupp@mail.wvu.edu
vselman@american.edu
tatums@dowling.edu
vargas@uhu.es
wylie@babson.edu
Statement of Editorial Policy
The International Journal of Case Method Research and Application (IJCRA) solicits and welcomes
research across the entire range of topics encompassing the domain of case method research and
application and interactive teaching methodologies. The journal’s scope includes case writing and
International Journal of Case Method Research & Application (2006) XVIII, 3
225
interactive teaching and learning, continuing and distance education that cross national, cultural and
disciplinary boundaries.
IJCRA welcomes theoretical and empirical papers that advance social scientific research on teaching
and learning. The International Journal of Case Method Research and Application is a methodologically
pluralistic journal. Conceptual and theory-development papers, empirical hypothesis-testing papers,
mathematical modeling papers and case studies are especially welcome. IJCRA has special interest in
research addressing important issues that transcend the boundaries of single academic disciplines and
corporate managerial functions. Therefore, IJCRA welcomes interdisciplinary scholarship and
commentaries that challenge the paradigms and assumptions of single disciplines or functions. IJCRA
solicits and accepts manuscripts on teaching materials and methods. Experimental, developmental work
and book reviews will also be considered.
Circulation Notice
The International Journal of Case Method Research & Application (ISSN 1554-7752) is published four
times per year by WACRA ®, The World Association for Case Method Research and Application, 23
Mackintosh Ave, NEEDHAM (BOSTON), MA 02492-1218 U.S.A. Copyright © 2006 by WACRA®, The
World Association for Case Method Research and Application. All rights reserved.
Subscriptions and Inquiries
Annual subscription rates for institutions, libraries and individuals are based on the current frequency.
Prices quoted are in U.S. dollars and are subject to change without notice. Address changes and inquiries
are to be addressed to:
ACT-WACRA® Conference Office
4340 River Birch Loop – Suite 2A,
GREENSBORO, NC 27409-8014
Tel. +336-218-0090, Fax +336—292-3635
Email: smithdmwacra@triad.rr.com
226
International Journal of Case Method Research & Application (2006) XVIII, 3
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF
CASE METHOD RESEARCH & APPLICATION
Volume XVIII, Issue No. 3, September 2006
www.wacra.org
Table of Contents
EDITORIAL ............................................................................................................................................. 228
Letter from the Editor
Hans E. Klein
ARTICLES
DOCTORED FINANCIAL RESULTS AT MACMED HEALTH CARE LTD: SENDING
THE RIGHT MESSAGE
Viola Makin, Vida Botes, University of South Africa, PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA .............................. 231
QUOTABLE VALUE: A CASE OF INCREASING VALUE
Belinda Luke, Unitec New Zealand, AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND, Marti-Louise Verreynne, The
University of Queensland, ST. LUCIA. QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA, Kate Kearins, Auckland
University of Technology, AUCKLAND, NEW ZEALAND ...................................................................... 245
THE CASE OF GIVSA: APPLICATION OF THE BALANCED SCORECARD TO A LOCAL
PUBLICLY OWNED COMPANY
Alfonso Vargas-Sánchez, Juan Diego Borrero- Sánchez, University of Huelva, HUELVA SPAIN ........ 258
TYPES OF BUSINESS ETHICS PROBLEMS AND STRATEGIES TO RESOLVE THEM IN
CASE STUDIES WRITTEN BY STUDENTS IN KUWAIT AND EGYPT
Ahmed A. Maher, Kuwait University, SAFAT KUWAIT .......................................................................... 273
SHARING CLASSROOM EXPERIENCES THROUGH CASE STUDIES
Robert W. Hendersen Grand Valley State University, ALLENDALE, MICHIGAN, U.S.A. .................... 281
DESIGNING MULTIDISCIPLINE CASES
Carl Johan M. Asplund, Lund Institute of Technology, LUND SWEDEN
Paula F. Jordan National-Louis University, CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, U.S.A. ............................................. 288
USING CASE WRITING TO STUDY INCLUSION PRACTICES
Lanna Andrews, University of San Francisco, SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A.
David Krapf, Saint Mary’s College, MORAGA, CALIFORNIA, U.S.A. ................................................... 295
International Journal of Case Method Research & Application (2006) XVIII, 3
227
THE EXPECTED AND THE UNEXPECTED: CASES OF URBAN COLLEGE STUDENTS
AND PROFESSORS
Janice L. Nath, Myrna D. Cohen, Anjoo Sikka, University of Houston-Downtown, HOUSTON
TEXAS, U.S.A. ........................................................................................................................................ 305
THE INTERPLAY OF CASE STUDY AND GROUNDED-THEORY RESEARCH METHODS IN
EXPLAINING FOREIGN-MARKET EXPANSION
Zsuzsanna Vincze, Pan-European institute, TURKU, FINLAND ............................................................ 317
KEY WORD INDEX ................................................................................................................................ 332
INSTRUCTIONS FOR AUTHORS – Policies, Submission of Manuscripts ........................................... 334
SUBSCRIPTION RATES ....................................................................................................................... 339
FOUNDING AND SUPPORTING INSTITUTIONAL MEMBERS ........................................................... 340
WACRA – Mission, Objectives, WACRA Boards, Why you should join. .............................................. 341
IJCRA ADDRESS AND CONTACT INFORMATION ............................................................................ 344
Copyright © 2006 WACRA® - The World Association for Case Method Research & Application
Subscribing and supporting organizations are encouraged to copy and distribute this table of content to
faculty, students and members of their institution for non-commercial purposes.