The OMICRON Customer Magazine
Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
OMICRON
Magazine
Innovative Power System Testing Solutions
4 The CT Analyzer Video Series: The Making Of...
10 OMICRON Academy: Excellence through Education – 20 RelayLabTest: Simulation-based Testing
34 CPC 100 + CP TD1: Mobile System Offering the Greatest Accuracy
Editorial
Picture: www.omicron.at /paintings
2
My Dad works with Renewables ...
... and he is really excited about his new test equipment from OMICRON.
As a commissioning engineer my Dad helps
to make use of renewable energy resources
like wind power, solar energy and biomass.
With his new CMC 353 he has the perfect
tool for his work. The powerful and compact
test set is perfectly suited for all distributed
energy resource (DER) systems.
Dad uses his CMC 353 to test DER protection
schemes with Loss of Mains (LOM), Rate of
Change of Frequency (ROCOF), Directional
Power, Intertie, and Intertripping functions.
The flexibility of his new test set additionally
allows him to check multifunctional control
devices with integrated protection functions
and even inverters.
Due to the CMC 353’s versatility and its
comprehensive communication possibilities
he is also well prepared for smart grid
applications.
No wonder he’s excited!
Visit our website to find out more about the
CMC 353 and other innovative products.
World Leader in Innovative
Power Testing Solutions
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
www.omicron.at | info@omicron.at
Table of contents
3
Table of contents
News
Application
Products
and technology
27 Graphical automation
12 Tracking down the water
16 As fast as lightning
Controlling CMC test sets
Effective management of water
A new testing solution for
with NI LabVIEW
content in power transformers
arc protection systems
28 IEDScout
Analyzing IEC 61850
SCADA communication
24 Future technology
on the test bench
Passive calibration box FCB1
New RelayLabTest CMC software
OMS 600 monitors plastic-insulated
high-voltage cables
38 FRAnalyzer accessory
20 Simulation-based testing
34 Mobile system offering
the greatest accuracy
30 Time-saving and
extremely precise
Efficient testing of current
transformers with the CT Analyzer
On-site calibration of 20 kV voltage
testing and monitoring systems
Background
Region
Events
4
39 On the road again ...
9
The making of
... the CT Analyzer video series
The OMICRON Roadshow Truck
continues to tour Europe
6
IPTS and ITMF
Game changers
19 The South African
user conference
New challenges for protection
33 Sales Partner Meeting
systems and their testing
10 Excellence
through education
The cover stories are marked
with a red line.
37 IEEE PES Transformers
Committee Meeting
OMICRON Academy
38 VDE seminar
Publisher OMICRON electronics GmbH, Oberes Ried 1, 6833 Klaus , Austria Responsible for content
OMICRON electronics GmbH Editorial team and implementation up! consulting, Ruggell (FL) Picture
credits OMICRON electronics GmbH, istock.com (p. 6), REpower Systems SE (p. 7), Wilson Transformer Co.
(p.12 – 15), Eaton Industries (p. 16), VAMP (p. 18), Alectrix (p. 19), National Instruments (p. 27), Vorarlberg
Tourismus (p. 33) E-mail to the editorial team magazine@omicron.at
40 Calendar of events
4
Background
Background
The making of
... the CT Analyzer video series
“There are three things you need to make a good movie… A good script, a good script
and a good script” (Billy Wilder). The scripts for OMICRON videos go through as many
as twenty revisions. This work is vital, as it allows the crew to work smoothly during the
shoot and remain flexible enough to react to any unanticipated situations. However,
the script is only the first important step. This article uses the latest series of videos on
the CT Analyzer to demonstrate what other steps must be performed before a finished
video is ready for distribution.
The purpose of the videos was to demonstrate the advantages of
The customers provide the show
the CT Analyzer from the customer’s perspective. Achieving this
The power supply company scenes, for example, were shot at
required shooting at locations where the CT Analyzer is primar-
KELAG in Kärnten, Austria. Employees at KELAG accompanied us
ily used. Thanks to the kind support of our customers, we were
to an open air substation and a GIS system, providing valuable
granted access to all of these locations—both at energy suppliers
support both behind and in front of the camera.
and transformer manufacturers.
We were then invited to shoot other scenes at CG Electric Systems
in Hungary, EPRO Gallspach, Ritz Instrument Transformers in
Hungary and Zelisko in Austria. Many of you may already know
CG Electric Systems by the name Ganz, the company that manu-
Teamwork: The extensive script is revised
over and over, until every detail fits.
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Scene entitled “CT Analyzer measures current
transformers fitted in GIS” on the company premises at KELAG.
Background
5
OMICRON YouTube-Channel: Icon für OMICRON Magazin
Version: 23.01.2012
Var. 1
factured the first transformer back in 1885. EPRO has made a
with the appropriate videos. In the last step, the final cut was
name for itself in the field of special transformers, while Ritz and
prepared for theVar.
various
media channels and formats, such as
2
Zelisko are well known as world-class transformer manufacturers.
DVD or the Internet.
This allowed many scenes to be created that both power supply
Curious to see the result?
companies and manufacturers can surely relate to.
After some six months
of production time, we are now releasing
Var. 3
twelve new CT Analyzer videos, each of which runs for between
From script to timeline
three and seven minutes. You can view these and many other
Both the newly created video material and existing archive foot-
videos at any time on our YouTube channel, OMICRONenergy:
age then had to be reviewed. The best scenes were selected
www.youtube.com/omicronenergy
from all the material available and imported into a PC ready for
Var. 4
cutting. For the first version, the scenes were arranged in the
If you have any comments, ideas or criticisms regarding any of
timeline with preliminary voiceovers. This first rough cut served as
these videos, please feel free to contact us with your opinions.
the basis for the director, the customer and the product man-
We are always delighted to hear constructive feedback!
ager to make corrections. The rough cut of individual scenes was
changed as many as five times before this process was complete.
Completion and distribution
The necessary graphics and animation were created and integrated into the initial cut. A larger group of experts, including
sales staff, then provided their comments on this version. At the
same time, the sound designer merged the relevant soundtracks
VIDEO
OMICRON videos
Var. 5
Discover the full range of OMICRON videos. Whenever you
see this video icon in your OMICRON magazine, you can find
additional videos on the topic on our YouTube cannel:
www.youtube.com/omicronenergy
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
6
Background
Background
Game
changers
Distributed energy resources
present new challenges for
protection systems and the way
they are tested
In issue 2 2011 of this magazine we discussed changes in
the electric power industry. Power generation, transmission, and distribution—all of these areas are concerned.
The subject of renewables continues to be a main topic
in 2012 in general and particularly so for OMICRON. It
is our goal to provide customers with testing solutions
for the future so that they are prepared for smarter and
greener grids.
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Background
7
»Wind parks are connected to
low voltage grids as well as to
distribution systems.«
Testing the protection systems inside a wind turbine using a CMC 356.
Several national and international agree-
and protocols. As a world leader in test-
schemes with Fault-Ride-Through (FRT)
ments strive for a decrease in carbon
ing technology, OMICRON is aware of its
characteristics can improve the behavior
dioxide emissions. For example, the Euro-
customers’ requirements and, for some
but not prevent collapses in general.
pean 20/20/20 targets demand a reduc-
considerable time, has been contribut-
tion of the greenhouse gas emissions in
ing to international standardization and
Advanced concepts
the European Union of at least 20 % below
certification work.
Islanding should be avoided by Loss of
1990 levels, 20 % of the energy consump-
Mains protection (LoM) systems. Advanced
tion to come from renewable resources,
Basic protection systems
systems very often use the Rate of Change
and a 20 % reduction in primary energy
In the early 1990s it was quite common
of Frequency (ROCOF) based on the local
use to be achieved by improving energy
to decouple the distributed power plants
measurement at the generator terminals.
efficiency. Ambitious goals like these are
in case of a disturbance to avoid recovery
Another possibility is the use of intertrip-
about to challenge and change the power
and islanding. This is unproblematic when
ping schemes. In case of a fault they de-
grids. This article looks at protection issues
the number of DERs is very low. In the past
tect the opening of contacts at the point
and explores the impact this subject will
simple under-voltage and frequency pro-
of disconnection and transmit the signal
have on testing.
tection relays, sometimes combined with
to all the generators that could potentially
the vector shift function, were used for
support the island.
For many countries, wind energy is very
this purpose. However, in recent years the
important for achieving climate goals.
number of DERs has dramatically increased
Future solutions
The global share of wind energy is
in some countries. An unselective decou-
In the future distributed energy resources
constantly growing. Wind turbines have
pling of these plants would cause a huge
should contribute to the stabilization
become quite a common Distributed
and abrupt loss of generated power. The
of the grid voltage. There are different
Energy Resource (DER) and their power is
short-circuit power of the grid would be
approaches available to achieve this.
continuously increasing. Wind parks are
reduced in case of a disturbance because
For example, in Germany the directional
connected to low voltage grids as well as
the number of conventional power plants
reactive power undervoltage protection
to distribution systems. Distribution system
is so small that a reactive-power deficit
(Q-U-Protection) is widely used. In case of
operators and plant operators therefore
would occur. This is a possible risk for col-
a failure (voltage below a certain value)
require appropriate testing technologies
lapses and blackouts. Extended protection
this protection function disconnects the
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
8
Background
The Ramping software module allows for the convenient testing of protection functions such as under-voltage or ROCOF.
decentralized generators when they consume reactive power dur-
GPS, to provide a reliable synchronization of the generated test
ing the fault. As long as they are supplying reactive power to the
signals. To test the more complex directional reactive power
network (overexcited operation or capacitive behavior) they stay
under-voltage protection a special test template can be down-
connected in order to stabilize the network voltage. In Germany
loaded, free of charge, in the OMICRON Protection Testing Library
the Q-U-Protection has proven to be advantageous and reliable.
(PTL). The generic template supports a range of different vendors
and implementations.
»Distributed energy resources should
contribute to the stabilization of the
grid voltage.«
Other tests
Modern DERs are often equipped with communication protocols,
for example IEC 61850 as well as IEC 61400-25 (wind turbines).
IEC 61850 is used for SCADA communication (client-server) and
also for real-time communication with GOOSE messages for
Its installation meanwhile is required by many network opera-
intertripping and communication within offshore wind parks.
tors and even necessary to get statutory bonus payments. The
Even the use of Sampled Values according to IEC 61850-9-2
German solution could serve as an example for other countries or
(process bus) for this application is discussed.
regions.
Our assignment
Testing protection functions
OMICRON is aware of the challenges in today’s changing power
All the protection functions above can be tested with OMICRON’s
industry. Continuous improvements of our products as well as
flexible CMC test sets. Conventional principles (for example,
new developments in hardware and software are what supports
under-voltage) as well as ROCOF are best tested with the Ramping
our customers in testing renewables now and in the future. By
software module. This module generates ramps of amplitude,
contributing to the work undertaken by standardization bodies
phase and frequency to easily determine limiting values such as
and user groups OMICRON is further equipped to provide the
pick-up and drop-off levels. The testing of intertripping schemes
most appropriate and up-to-date solutions.
requires two or more synchronized test sets. CMC devices can
process time synchronization signals received, for example via
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
www.omicron.at/der
Events
9
Event
Knowledge exchange at
1 401 meters* above sea level
(*4 596 feet)
International Protection Testing Symposium (IPTS)
and Instrument Transformer Measurement Forum (ITMF)
Following the great success of
key topics up for discussion at the ITMF
The 2011 series of events fits in seamlessly
the 2010 Triple Event in Salzburg,
were on-site calibration, maintenance and
with OMICRON’s event tradition. We
OMICRON’s 2011 series of interna-
power quality testing. As usual, the pre-
would be delighted to welcome you again
tional events took place in the idyllic
sentations impressed the participants with
at one of our future events.
village of Brand in Vorarlberg / Austria.
their high technical level.
www.omicron.at/en/events
Participants from all over the world
enjoyed both the high-level presenta-
Exclusive event venue
tions and the impressive mountain
The event venue of Brand offered perfect
scenery. Those in attendance also
autumnal weather in a unique, mountain-
took the opportunity to share infor-
ous setting. In addition to the impressive
mation and experiences with other
view, the international participants were
like-minded participants.
delighted with the close proximity of the
The delightful Austrian village of Brand.
event center to their cozy hotels.
More than 120 participants from a total of
44 different nations attended this year’s
Extensive social program
IPTS and ITMF. Experts from power supply
The joint evening event, attended by
companies, service providers, manufactur-
participants of both the IPTS and ITMF,
ers and universities discussed the latest
held in Muttersberg (at an altitude of
changes in the energy industry and their
1 401 meters / 4 596 feet), provided an
effects on protection and measurement
excellent opportunity for everyone to get
systems.
to know each other and share their experi-
Testing new products during a visit to the
OMICRON Development Center.
ences. On the day before the event, the
Intelligent testing
participants also had the chance to get a
The motto for both events was “Mastering
first-hand impression of the company cul-
Change with Smart Testing”. As well as
ture in place at OMICRON during a trip to
classic protection tests, the IPTS event
the OMICRON Development Center (ODC)
focused primarily on adaptive protec-
located just 40 kilometers / 25 miles from
tion systems, renewable energies and
the village of Brand.
simulation-based testing methods. The
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
The international participants were full of
praise for the quality of the specialist presentations.
10
Background
Background
Excellence
through education
The OMICRON Academy was launched in order to serve the professional and
educational needs of our customers in the best possible way. High quality training
courses have been developed according to challenging technical standards. The
valuable input we have gathered from our customers all over the world also plays
a role in the development of these training programs. Through the consideration
of local direct feedback, our Regional Training Managers can adapt courses to
meet local requirements.
“Excellence through Education” is the OMICRON
Academy motto, representing the commitment to
quality in the training courses. Their purpose is to
empower customers to excel in their working environment by providing both the skills to efficiently
»Thanks to our customers, we are
able to offer training courses that
meet their regional needs.«
utilize the test sets and the technical background
knowledge. This combination of practical skills and
training and development phase, they act as advisors
thorough knowledge amounts to substantial applica-
for our expert trainers who are in charge of develop-
tion know-how, which is the key to excellence when
ing and maintaining specific training courses.
performing comprehensive protection tests and asset
diagnostic measurements.
When developing training courses, it is the author’s
challenge to structure them around real-life test situa-
The OMICRON Academy has established a structured
tions, helping participants to get the most from their
training development process. Our Regional Training
test equipment. For this real-life application, the input
Managers also happen to be experienced trainers by
provided by our customers has always been welcome.
themselves, and this process helps them to maintain
Thanks to them, we are able to offer training courses
a high-quality standard in their region. During the
that meet their regional needs.
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Background
11
Power system stability problems are
Regional Training
Managers (RTM)
an important challenge in our region.
The OMICRON Academy offers training in
Eugenio Car
valheira
RTM Latin Am
erica
local languages on testing solutions that
address this issue.«
Testing protection devices for renewable energy sources is increasingly
important in our region. When the
new legal regulations were published,
OMICRON was the first to offer a training
Richard Mar
enbach
RTM Central
Europe
course covering the necessary background
knowledge and testing techniques to meet
the requirements of these new guidelines.«
With the growing number of OMICRON
Academy training centers around the
world, our portfolio has grown as well.
Considering regional differences has led
In 2012, we are adding additional
to the development of specifically adapted
training courses to augment an
courses and thus to a wide range of train-
already impressive course program.
ing opportunities.
To help customers navigate through the
Gawie Pretor
ius
RTM Asia-Pa
cific
This ensures that we’ll continue to meet
the growing needs of the market.«
schedule of available training options, we
have included easy to use filters on our
website. Up-to-date results are displayed
In the US, the approach to protection is
immediately. Suitable training courses can
different from what’s found in other parts
be selected easily by viewing the short
of the world. Overcurrent protection
summaries that describe each course at a
is normally the primary scheme used
glance. If a customized training course is
for circuit protection as opposed to
required, a ready-to-use web form is available for specific individual needs.
All details concerning the OMICRON
distance protection. We make sure that
Will Knapek
RTM North A
merica
the content of our courses emphasizes this
style of protection.«
Academy training courses can be found at
www.omicron.at/training
With training centers located in diverse
regions, OMICRON provides close access for sharing knowledge in local
Thomas Rena
udin
RTM Europe
, Middle
East and Afr
ica
languages. The OMICRON Academy
brings together the experiences of regional
clients and their valuable expertise.«
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Tracking down
the water
Effective management of water content
in power transformers—part 1
Wilson Transformer Company is an Australian leading manufacturer of power and
distribution transformers. As presence of water is an important factor in the aging
of insulation, it is essential that the water content of the transformer oil and insulation system is effectively managed. DIRANA, the Dielectric Response Analyzer
from OMICRON assures an accurate measurement of water content.
Authors: Kenneth Budin and Meng Lee,
Wilson Transformer Company, Australia
There are different reasons why water can be found
such as leaking gaskets or flaws in welded seams and
in transformers. Some water, typically between 0.5 %
is the natural by-product of the aging of cellulose
and 1.0 %, remains in the thick insulation of a trans-
insulation. As paper degrades it gives off CO2 and H2O
former after the manufacturing process is completed.
so even if all other sources of water are controlled,
Water can also be introduced due to poor sealing,
water will be generated as the transformer insulation
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Dissipation factor
Application
13
»Knowledge of the internal design of the transformer,
1
combined with modern test methods, can greatly
improve the accuracy of moisture management.«
0.1
0.01
1 mHz
10 mHz
100 mHz
1 Hz
10 Hz
100 Hz
1 kHz
Frequency
Dielectric response measurement graph
ages. In free-breathing transformers water is also
phase can reduce moisture in the insulation during
introduced due to the ingress of air, even where a
manufacturing to less than 0.5 %. During installation
silica gel breather is fitted. Poor preservation practices
or maintenance best-practice procedures can be used
during transformer assembly or maintenance can also
to prevent or minimize moisture contamination.
lead to significant moisture contamination.
Existing transformer conservators can be modified at
Water can be stored in the insulation, can be dis-
any time to eliminate contact with air, for example
solved in the oil and can be found as free water lying
retro-fitting of a new conservator with a Conservator
on horizontal surfaces inside the transformer. It is
Oil Preservation System (COPS), or a ground mounted
important to note that the movement of water is
nitrogen-bag connected to the existing breather pipe.
dynamic, and that water is continuously moving between the oil and paper insulating system due to the
Moisture detection methods
temperature cycling of the transformer. The tempera-
To determine the performance and aging of the asset, in-
ture is affected by load and ambient conditions thus
sulation behavior is a main indicator. Wilson Transformer
the detection and accurate measurement of water
Company uses different methods to determine the
levels is therefore quite complex.
degree of moisture contamination. In the case of an
oil-insulation system an oil sample is taken using a
Possible serious damage
glass syringe. Due to chemical reaction the amount of
Water is the most important factor in the aging of
water molecules can be measured and with an equi-
insulation. The presence of excessive moisture,
librium diagram the water content of
often in the form of free water, can also lead
the solid insulation can be estimated.
to catastrophic failure due to partial discharge,
However, older units cannot be tested
tracking or flash-over between conductors or
from a conductor to ground. Thus in order to
maximize the life of transformer assets it is
Kenneth Budin
essential that the water content of the transformer oil and insulation system is efficiently
Kenneth Budin is Services Manager for
managed.
Wilson Transformer Company and
Director of TJ|H2b Analytical Services
Effective moisture management
Pty Ltd., both based in Melbourne /
The best strategy for moisture management is
Australia, and is a member of
prevention. Besides the use of preservation sys-
CIGRÉ Australian Panel A2.
tems, effective drying processes such as vapor
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
14
Application
with this method as equilibrium conditions
and PDC. Wilson Transformer Company
new transformers. DIRANA’s test results
change during aging. Another approach
compared the results of conventional mea-
were found to be correct after further test-
is the measurement of Polarization and
surement methods with the test results of
ing. Without the DIRANA measurement
Depolarization Currents (PDC) or the
DIRANA. Different case studies are shown:
we would have assumed that this trans-
Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS).
A transformer directly after manufactur-
former’s insulation was very wet leading
Both measurements show deficiencies in
ing, one which had been damaged during
to an unnecessary expense.
the insulation and can analyze the water
shipping, one from which oil had been
content. Measurement results can then
stolen and an aged transformer.
In the case of the stolen transformer oil
shows the dissipation factor over a wide
The transformer tested right after manu-
water content of less than 1 %, although
frequency range from 100 µHz up to
facturing was considered to be dry as the
the insulation was expected to be wet as
1 kHz, from which the water content can
usual measurements showed less than
a result of the oil loss. Later inspection
be derived. This measurement takes a lot
0.5 % water in the insulation. The mea-
revealed the DIRANA measurement to be
of time though, since the time of oscilla-
surement with DIRANA confirmed those
correct. The COPS bag for this transformer
tion rises as the frequency reduces.
results.
be interpreted by using a database. FDS
in Malaysia, DIRANA also indicated a
had been ruptured, with part of the bag
subsequently sealing the Buchholz pipe
DIRANA gives best results
In the case of the transformer damaged
and preventing insulation contamination
in case studies
during shipping there was quite a different
through moisture ingress.
OMICRON’s DIRANA accurately analyzes
outcome. Although a water-in-oil-test
the dielectric response in half of the usual
indicated 5 % water in the paper insula-
Tests on an aged transformer also showed
measurement time by effectively combin-
tion, DIRANA indicated a water content
DIRANA measurements to be more ac-
ing the two measurement methods FDS
of about 1 %—a value that is expected for
curate than other methods. A transformer
Measurement methods to detect moisture in the solid insulation of power transformers
Karl Fischer Titration on paper/pressboard samples
Measurement of the amount of water in a paper/pressboard sample
due to chemical reaction.
Having the highest accuracy, this is the typical benchmark for
other methods.
Sampling not possible during service.
Humidity can influence result, as soon as the sample is exposed
to the air.
Karl Fischer Titration on oil samples and
use of equilibrium chart
Measurement of the amount of water molecules in an oil sample
due to chemical reaction. An equilibrium diagram is used to estimate
the water content of the solid insulation.
Easy sampling, even online.
Sampling critical, as for paper/pressboard samples.
Aging changes equilibrium conditions, for example diagrams are
not valid anymore for older units.
Capacitive probes
Measurement of capacitance change due to water ingress into
hygroscopic polymer film.
Easy application, no transport to laboratory necessary.
Relative water saturation is measured, not water content itself.
Calibration necessary.
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Recovery Voltage Method (RVM)
Measurement of recovery voltage after charging the insulation with
DC voltage. Estimation of water content from time constant in the
polarization spectrum.
Simple setup, as for traditional dissipation factor measurements.
According to CIGRÉ, the interpretation scheme based on
dominant time constant is incorrect.
Polarization and Depolarization Currents (PDC)
Measurement of polarization and depolarization currents after applying
a DC voltage to the insulation. Interpretation of measured curve using
database.
Simple setup, as for traditional dissipation factor measurements.
Proven interpretation scheme.
Only times greater than 1 s can be measured.
Frequency Domain Spectroscopy (FDS)
Dissipation factor measurement of solid insulation in a wide frequency
range (100 µHz to 1 kHz). Interpretation of measured curve using
database.
Simple setup, as for traditional dissipation factor measurements.
Proven interpretation scheme.
Long measurement duration for low frequencies.
Application
15
OMICRON YouTube-Channel: Icon für OMICRON Magazin
Version: 23.01.2012
Var. 1
Var. 2
Var. 3
Singapore—Transformer damaged during shipping: DIRANA
indicated that there was a water content of about 1 %. When this was
combined with other electrical test results the transformer was found to
be electrically sound. A significant amount of water had not spread to the
paper insulation.
Malaysia—Oil stolen from transformer: The team in front of a
power transformer performing a dielectric response
Var. 4 test with DIRANA
in wet weather.
VIDEO
manufactured in 1965 was considered to be dry as a water-in-oil test
indicated about 2 % water in the paper insulation. However, this test
did not take into consideration the fact that the oil was recently re-
Var. 5
More information on the analysis of
moisture content in transformers on
www.youtube.com/omicronenergy
placed and moisture equilibrium may not have been achieved. Only the
measurement with DIRANA indicated water content in the insulation. In
this case the level was approximately 5.4 %, which is classed as extremely
wet. A combination of other electrical test results again confirmed that
the measurement with DIRANA was correct.
Meng Lee
Fast and accurate diagnosis
Meng Lee is an Electrical Engineer
Moisture contamination of power transformers is detrimental to their
for the Services Department,
serviceability and life expectancy. Proactive action at the time of specifi-
Wilson Transformer Company,
cation and purchase can greatly reduce the negative effects of moisture
Australia.
and oxygen. Accurate measurement of water in insulation is a complex
process. Knowledge of the internal design of the transformer, combined
with modern test methods, can greatly improve the accuracy of moisture
management. OMICRON's DIRANA compensates for aging effects and
Wilson Transformer Co.
makes highly accurate measuring possible, independent from achieving
equilibrium. Simultaneously measurement with DIRANA saves 50 % of
Wilson Transformer Company is a lead-
the measuring time required by conventional measurement methods.
ing Australian manufacturer of power
and distribution transformers. It produces
Read more about the monitoring of water content during the drying
transformers to standard designs as well as
process in the next issue of the OMICRON magazine.
custom designs up to 400 MVA / 400 kV.
Wilson also manufactures offshore in
Malaysian and Saudi Arabian joint ventures.
www.wtc.com.au
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
16
Products and technology
Products and technology
As fast as lightning
A new testing solution for
arc protection systems
Arcing faults can generate a powerful destructive force
within a fraction of a second. This force represents a
major potential hazard for people and equipment.
Special protective systems for detecting and isolating
these faults have been in use since the early 1990s.
Awareness of the hazards associated with arcing faults
has increased over the last 20 years and although many
protective systems have since been installed, it is
alarming how little attention has been paid to their
functional testing. The new ARC 256 device simplifies
the reliable testing of arc protection systems.
Arcing faults can destroy equipment
and systems within seconds.
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Products and technology
17
Due to current safety standards, arcing faults in low and medium
vicinity of an arcing fault. In addition to the risk of electrical
voltage switchgear are now a fairly rare occurrence. Yet, if they
shock, serious health consequences such as eye injuries, burns
do occur, they can result in severe damage to substation equip-
and damage to the lungs can also occur.
ment, costly downtime and hazards to personnel if the necessary
provisions are not in place. Arcing faults can be caused by many
Fast tripping is crucial
different things, but in most cases they can be traced back to
In order to minimize potential hazards for people and systems, it
human error during service or installation work. Other common
is vital that arc detection and circuit breakers react as quickly as
causes include overvoltage or inadequately dimensioned system
possible. Conventional safety protection systems are not suitable
components. Short circuits in the electrical system caused by soil-
for such applications due to their comparatively slow reaction
ing; humidity or foreign bodies, such as animals or tools, are just
times. On the other hand, relays in special arcing protection sys-
as dangerous.
tems only require around 6 to 7 ms before sending a command
to the associated circuit breaker. If IGBTs (Insulated Gate Bipolar
Danger
Transistors) are used in place of conventional contacts, the time
An electrical arc can produce a current of several thousand amps
can be further reduced to about 2 to 2.5 ms.
and reach temperatures in excess of 10 000 °C within just a few
milliseconds. The air within a radius of several meters becomes
To ensure the reliable detection of electrical arcs while also
ionized, while liquefied and vaporized metal components can
preventing incorrect operation, the tripping criterion that is
escape from sealed systems with explosive force. All of this can
used consists of the overcurrent and the extremely intense light
lead to widespread destruction within seconds. There’s also a risk
produced by the arc. Point sensors or fiber optic light sensors are
of severe injury or even death for anyone located in the direct
available for this purpose (see Figures 1 and 2).
»A current of several
thousand amps and a
temperature in excess
of 10 000 °C«
Testing an electrical arc protection system using the
State Sequencer software module:
In this example, the load current increases to a value of
2 A at the instant the fault occurs, while at the same
time, the ARC 256 receives the start trigger via the CMC.
The protection relay being employed transmits the trip
command to the circuit breaker after 9.6 ms (binary trace
zone 1) via its conventional output contacts.
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
18
Products and technology
»To date, little attention has been given
to functional checks on electrical arc
protection systems despite the enormous
potential hazards.«
Reliable testing
of the CMC with a maximum delay of
Saving lives and money
To date, little attention has been given to
150 µs. The trigger device is positioned as
Regular testing of arc protective systems
functional checks of electrical arc protec-
close as possible to the arc sensor and it
reduces potential hazards for personnel
tion systems. When you consider all the
is attached using either a suction cup or
and equipment. In view of the potentially
potential hazards and effects produced
an adhesive. The device transmits a light
serious effects on personnel and the high
by an electrical arc, this is very unsettling.
beam of 120 lm, covering a spectrum
costs associated with system repairs,
One reason for this might be that practi-
of 420 nm to 700 nm, within the first
downtimes and potential production
cal and easy methods or tools for testing
100 ms. Since arc sensors are most sensi-
losses, the time and money involved in
these systems have never been available.
tive to wavelengths ranging from 200 nm
performing regular tests on electrical arc
However, with a CMC test set and the new
to 600 nm, this guarantees excellent
protection systems is more than justi-
ARC 256 trigger device from OMICRON,
coverage. The State Sequencer module of
fied. Using the ARC 256 trigger device in
electrical arc protection systems can now
OMICRON’s Test Universe software con-
conjunction with a CMC test set satisfies
be tested both easily and reliably. The
trols the automatic trigger of the LED and
this need by allowing these systems to be
ARC 256 has a very powerful LED, which
measures the time that elapses before the
tested quickly and easily.
is triggered via the transistor outputs
protective system reacts.
www.omicron.at/arc256
Figure 1: Point sensor for detecting arcing faults.
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Figure 2: Strip-style fiber-optic sensor
for monitoring entire system sections.
The ARC 256 trigger device with a high performance LED for easy testing of arc protection systems.
Events
19
Event
South African
user conference
In 2011 Alectrix (OMICRON’s South
only to the German User Meeting. As
and visitors from OMICRON plus external
African sales partner) organized the
well as growing in numbers, the du-
contributors. This year’s presentations
eleventh South African user confe-
ration of the event has increased with
included papers given by the transmission
rence in Johannesburg. From rela-
an extra day added as a result for
section of Eskom, the national power
tively modest beginnings in 2000,
the need to allow time for practical
provider, and Eya Bantu, a local com-
the meeting has now grown into
demonstrations for smaller groups.
missioning company, whilst workshops
OMICRON’s second largest event of
were led by Eskom Distribution and the
its kind. Held annually and attracting
The presentations at the event are given by
Cape Peninsula University of Technology.
around 200 delegates it is second
a combination of the team from Alectrix
Many topics reflected the technological
lead being taken in South Africa with an
emphasis on topics such as the IEC 61850
substation communications standard.
To relax after a full day, the delegates got
together under a beautiful African sunset
to enjoy a raucous evening playing traditional drums. Excellent feedback from the
delegates should ensure an even bigger
event in 2012!
OMICRON Sales Partner
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
20
Products and technology
Products and technology
Simulation-based testing
New RelayLabTest CMC software revolutionizes type
and acceptance testing for protective relays
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Products and technology
21
With RelayLabTest, OMICRON is getting ready to launch a new
and unique software product that fundamentally changes the
type and acceptance testing of protective relays. For the first
time, in-depth system tests can be performed based on a network simulation by those without expert knowledge or programming skills. Diverse evaluation functions and integrated statistical
analyses provide valuable assistance when performing comprehensive assessments of protective devices.
relay is treated like a kind of black box,
In addition to the practical, real-world
which grants no access or insights into its
evaluation of protective equipment,
inner workings. Therefore, the only thing
another objective of the IEC 60255-121
that is assessed is behavior that can be
standard is to make it easier to compare
observed from outside of it.
devices that have been produced by different manufacturers with one another.
Ideally, tests using this method should be
Particularly when it comes to distance
performed under conditions that are as
protection, different tripping characteris-
realistic as possible. A transient network
tics are employed and different definitions
model is ideal for such applications. It
concerning operating speed, etc. exist. The
allows test quantities to be generated that
goal is to make it easier for users to com-
Modern, highly integrated protective relays
reflect reality far more accurately than
pare different protective relays through
present test engineers with major chal-
those based on sine waves, which are
systematic testing with results that can be
lenges. Complimentary and sometimes
traditionally used.
documented uniformly. This should give
overlapping protection functions can make
them a proper overview that will assist
it extremely difficult to isolate and test
A new standard for type testing
them in finding the most suitable device in
certain individual functions. Comparing
The practical problems associated with
each case.
protective relays can also be made difficult
testing modern relays have been discussed
by the fact that each manufacturer is fo-
many times at industry conferences.
The development of RelayLabTest
cused on something different that relates
Standardization committees have also
IEC 60255-121 represents an important
to specific individual functions.
recognized this problem and devised new
starting point in the development of
procedures for testing protective relays. For
RelayLabTest. OMICRON’s goal was to
Answers provided by a new approach
example, the IEC 60255-121 standard for
create a solution that was capable of
Testing methods that are not focused on
type testing of distance protection relays is
performing all of the simulation tests and
individual functions but rather examine
currently in the process of being approved.
evaluations prescribed by this standard.
the overall behavior of a protective device
In the future, this standard will require the
However, another important aspect was
can offer a way out of this scenario. The
use of transient network models.
for users to be able to define and perform
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
The flexible Network Editor in RelayLabTest
allows networks/grids to be modeled freely in
order to reflect real-world configurations.
Even complex fault scenarios and autoreclosure sequences are easy to simulate.
Integrated analysis functions allow conclusions
to be drawn regarding any weaknesses
in the protective device. (This screenshot shows
an SIR diagram in line with IEC 60255-121.)
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Products and technology
23
»Networks can be freely modeled
using the intuitive editor.«
similar tests not included in the standard.
highlight any weaknesses that may exist
Faster and easier
The ease of use should also guarantee
in the algorithms employed by the protec-
RelayLabTest makes the practical evalua-
that protection engineers are able to work
tive devices. The test variables are output
tion of protective relays faster and easier
effectively with the software without par-
directly via the OMICRON CMC testing
than ever before. The unique integration
ticipating in tedious training.
devices and optional amplifiers. Protective
of simulation, testing and analysis allows
systems comprising multiple relays (e.g.
manufacturers to perform fast, compre-
Modern testing equipment for
line differential protection) can be tested
hensive type testing.
modern relays
together as a complete system. This repre-
The use of simulation-based testing with
sents a major advantage when addressing
Power supply companies in particular, can
RelayLabTest not only offers a wide range
more complex issues.
now benefit from the ability to be able to
of opportunities for manufacturers of
analyze the behavior of protective equip-
protective relays, it also supports electricity
Evaluation and analysis
ment in their own grid configurations.
supply companies who want to conduct
Definable time values allow the reaction
Comparative tests can also be performed
accurate investigations into the behavior
of a test object in a defined scenario to be
easily every time the relay’s settings are
of devices in different situations. The
evaluated automatically. This allows users
changed or its firmware is updated.
functional scope of the software covers
to quickly determine whether the respec-
RelayLabTest also provides valuable as-
everything that is needed to define tests,
tive protective requirements have been
sistance in selecting the most suitable
control the CMC testing device and to
met or not. The analysis functions offered
protective equipment for a particular
evaluate the results.
by the software demonstrate their true
application.
potential when performing extensive testTests that are quick and
ing. The statistical distribution of the trig-
Additional services
easy to set up
ger time allows conclusions to be drawn
In addition to the RelayLabTest software,
Networks can be modeled freely using
about the algorithm being employed by
OMICRON also offers complementary
the intuitive editor. The events are then
particular protective devices. The display of
services at its laboratories in Erlangen /
defined in the network plan, examples
measured times based on varied param-
Germany. Relay tests can be performed for
include fault inception, switching to exist-
eters (e.g. Off command time against
manufacturers and power supply compa-
ing faults or autoreclosure cycles. Even the
fault location) also offers insights into any
nies in line with IEC 60255-121, including
way circuit breakers react to the com-
fundamental weaknesses in the protection.
special customer requests. The service offer
mands from their associated relays can be
is rounded out by including consulting
simulated realistically. This allows complex
Within the scope of the analyses, different
services and training courses that cover
fault scenarios and switching sequences to
test cases can easily be compared with one
protective relay type and acceptance tests.
be created readily.
another. Examples of this include cases
with high and low power feed, with and
Automatic parameter adjustment
without transformer saturation, or with
When performing extensive testing, fault
old and new firmware. All of the results
or network parameters can be selected
from the individual tests, as well as all
freely and then varied between test shots
of the statistically determined data, is
automatically. In certain circumstances,
available for use in documentation or for
this kind of in-depth testing can include
further evaluation (e.g. in Microsoft Excel)
thousands of individual tests intended to
via the export function.
www.omicron.at/relaylabtest
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
24
Application
Application
Future technology
on the test bench
OMS 600 monitors plastic-insulated high-voltage cables
1 A 220 kV cable with modern XLPE insulation runs from Lübeck to Siems. The
cable terminations in the Siems substation are monitored by the OMS 600 PD
monitoring system. 2 The OMICRON sensor MCT 110 captures partial discharge
impulses. 3 The OMS 600 collects the values captured from the sensors.
Power cables made of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE)
Plastic cables made of cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) have
friendly, as no insulation oil can seep into the soil. However,
been in use alongside classic oil-paper insulated high-voltage
one of the few disadvantages of completely solid insulation
cables since the 1970s. In addition to their lower manufacturing
compared to conventional oil-paper insulation is the increased
costs, easier and time-saving installation and improved operating
susceptibility to partial discharge (PD) and the consequences
characteristics (e.g. lower dielectric losses), these cables also offer
associated with it. With XLPE, electrical treeing resulting from
another important advantage: They are far more environment
PD is irreversible and ultimately destructive.
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Application
25
TenneT TSO GmbH is Europe’s first cross-border grid operator. In addition to overhead lines, the company also uses underground high-voltage cables. However, according to German energy agency “dena”, XLPE cable technology (see box) is still in
the testing phase. Underground cabling in the extra-high-voltage range is only partially implemented in projects in sections classed as pilot projects as defined in the
German Power Grid Expansion Act (EnLAG). At the 220 kV level, TenneT is already
using underground cabling in the line from Lübeck to Siems, Germany. It not only
employs temperature sensor systems, but also the OMS 600 partial discharge monitoring system from OMICRON to monitor the terminations of a 220 kV high-voltage
cable. This allows any potential, premature faults on cable sections to be detected
in good time based on advancing partial discharge. The PD monitoring system was
commissioned in November 2011 for the existing 220 kV cable connection from the
town of Lübeck to the town of Siems in Germany.
Authors: Dr.-Ing. Michael Schmale, TenneT TSO GmbH and
Prof. Kay Rethmeier, Kiel / Germany, University of Applied Sciences
This cable was laid in 2005. The cross-bonding technique—
Inspection of newly laid cables
whereby the cable screens cross—was used to reduce circulating
All components of a cable system, in par-
currents. This approach prevents costly energy losses in the cable
ticular the individual manufactured lengths
screen.
of the high-voltage cable and the joint
boxes, pass through a quality assurance
Basic investigation using the Lübeck-Siems cable
process at the manufacturing facility. PD
Postgraduates at the Technical University of Berlin collaborated
measurements in line with IEC 60270 and
with the Berlin-based testing institute IPH, to perform basic
IEC 60885-3 are one of the most useful
investigations into the propagation of potential partial discharge
diagnostic measurements that are capable
pulses in high-voltage cable systems. In addition to frequency-
of detecting and localizing even the slight-
based attenuation of partial discharge pulses along the high-
est faults in the cable insulation. How-
voltage cable, the researchers were primarily interested in the
ever, important installation work, such as
complex pulse propagation on the branches of the cross-bonding
connecting the individual manufactured
system of the high-voltage joints. The objective here was to clarify
lengths to create the complete system, is
whether potential PD pulses from cables, terminations and joints
only performed on site. As such, only an
could also be detected and measured in the permanently acces-
on-site diagnostic measurement on the
sible, relatively safe, cross-bonding sections of the cable system
finished object can provide certainty as
while operating under high voltage. The tests were extremely
to whether the installation was success-
successful, and PD detection using inductive coupling with cross-
ful and free of faults. Since the applicable
bonding cable systems is now almost used as the standard for
standards do not class PD measurements
online PD testing. Such coupling can, for example, be established
as mandatory during commissioning, in
using OMICRON’s MCT 100 sensor.
many cases only the much cheaper and
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
26
Application
»Using digital filter algorithms
makes it possible to differentiate
potentially critical partial discharge
from non-critical external discharges.«
The monitoring server system at the substation in Siems:
It captures, logs and provides measured data for the user.
easier voltage tests are performed for system voltages below
Installation in Lübeck
400 kV. However, this approach is incapable of detecting poten-
For safety reasons, it is necessary to disconnect the
tial defects which would cause the cable to fail after it has been
cable when installing the monitoring system, par-
in continuous use for some time.
ticularly when attaching the PD sensors close to the
terminations. Thanks to the excellent collaboration
The OMS 600 PD monitoring system
between TenneT and OMICRON, it was possible to
The OMS 600 has been designed for outdoor use. The measured
limit the system downtime to just a few hours. TenneT
data evaluation for continuous operation is performed differ-
had already laid the fiber-optic cables in advance and
ently than the tests performed by the laboratory version, which
then set up the monitoring server and performed the
is already used worldwide by well-known cable manufacturers.
installation of the OMS 600 PD recording unit. The
At the substation in the German town of Siems, a monitoring
installation team from OMICRON fitted the PD sensors
server system is used. This system captures and logs the measured
and ultimately connected all of the components to
data, and then makes it available to users via a database. A large
form the complete system.
number of prepared charts and diagrams can also be accessed
remotely in real-time via a secure remote connection, to specific
Operating the monitoring system
locations including Bayreuth.
The OMS 600 PD monitoring system has been in use
in Lübeck since November 2011. Using digital filter algorithms, such as 3PARD (3-Phase Amplitude Relation
Diagram), it is possible to differentiate potentially
critical partial discharge from the non-critical external
discharges which occur in virtually all substations.
TenneT performs detailed evaluations of the PD activ-
TenneT TSO GmbH
ity itself, supported by OMICRON’s monitoring service
team.
Following its merger with transpower, TenneT is Europe’s
first cross-border electrical grid operator. With approxi-
XLPE cable technology is on its way to becoming
mately 20 000 km / 12 500 mi of high-voltage and extra-
an accepted technique thanks to the monitoring of
high-voltage cables and 36 million consumers in the
partial discharge in plastic-insulated high-voltage
Netherlands and Germany, the company ranks among the
cables.
top five grid operators in Europe.
www.tennettso.de
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
News
27
Graphical automation
Controlling CMC test sets with
NI LabVIEW Graphical Programming Language
The PC-based Test Universe software offers the functionality required to perform commissioning and maintenance
tests with CMC test sets. For special applications
—for example during manufacture of protection and measurement equipment—the open programming interface
CM Engine provides additional connectivity to other common programming languages, such as C/C++,
CMC 256plus: National Instruments engineer at work.
Visual Basic, C# or NI LabVIEW.
The CM Engine enables CMC users to develop customized auto-
sets. Therefore, the CM Engine command set was used to create
mated testing sequences for special testing and calibration tasks
a flexible LabVIEW instrument driver to control and communicate
in production or research and development. National Instruments
with CMC 256plus equipment and to implement customized
(NI), a leading supplier of computer-based measurement, control
automated tests. National Instruments also provides this driver
and automation, used the CM Engine interface to control CMC
to other users of CMC testing equipment, and it can be down-
test sets from NI’s LabVIEW Graphical Programming environment.
loaded, free-of-charge, from the company’s website (Instrument
Driver Network). OMICRON is delighted by this collaboration with
One of the NI R&D teams in Shanghai, used the CMC 256plus to
NI and, on behalf of all CMC users, expresses its thanks for mak-
verify and validate advanced power quality and phasor measure-
ing the new driver available.
ment algorithms for a new NI LabVIEW Toolkit, which will enable
scientists and engineers to easily build Power Quality Analyzers
More information on LabVIEW and the Instrument Driver Network at
or Phasor Measurement Units (PMU) based on NI hardware and
www.ni.com/labview and www.ni.com/idnet
software tools. The CMC 256plus is used as a signal generator and calibrator for conformity tests. To perform the power
quality tests in accordance with IEC 61000-4-7/15/30, NI uti-
National Instruments at a glance
lizes the Test Universe software module Power Quality Signal
> Corporate headquarters: Austin, Texas / USA
Generator. For PMU tests (IEEE C37.118), the company chose the
> Year established: 1976
CMC 256plus as this device complies with the high demands for
> Global operations: offices in more
amplitude and phase accuracy and supports time synchronization
than 40 countries
via GPS.
> Diversity: no industry makes up more
For their specific application, the NI engineers in Shanghai were
> Investment in R&D: 16 % of annual revenue
than 15 % of revenue
looking for an automation solution for the CMC 256plus test
Graphical programming environment: Control of a CMC test set with LabVIEW.
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
National Instruments in Shanghai:
Development of a LabVIEW instrument
driver for OMICRON test sets.
28
News
News
Analyzing IEC 61850
SCADA communication
Looking inside the client/server communication with IEDScout 3
The communication between the station control and the IEDs is performed over a
sophisticated protocol. The possibility to look into this from the IEC 61850 view
supports an efficient top-down analysis. Only if required, the option to drill down
into the details may be used.
Client
Control object
Operated device
SelVal_req (off)
SelVal_rsp+
Select
Oper_req (off)
Oper_rsp+
Activate output
Between
Off
Report_req (off)
CmdTerm_req+
Deactivate output
Top level presentation of matched
requests and responses in IEDScout 3.
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
News
Server
(Relay)
29
Client
(Station control)
Request
Response
Mirror port
Accessing C/S communication through a mirror port.
Client/server communication
Recovering the context
Client/server (C/S) communication is a generic term for parts of
The C/S communication generally consists of request/
the abstract communication services defined in IEC 61850-7-2. In
response sequences. The matching and combined
a substation, the client is typically the station controller and the
representation of these request/response sequences
server is typically an IED (Intelligent Electronic Device) such as a
is a challenge, but delivers great value for the user.
protection relay. The term MMS (Manufacturing Message Specifi-
The combined, time aligned view of C/S traffic and
cation) is often used when C/S is actually meant. But in fact MMS
GOOSE messages, is more than a list of events from a
is just the specific transport protocol described in IEC 61850-8-1.
SCADA system.
In the future IEC 61850-8-2 shall provide an alternate mapping by
using Web-Services instead.
Top level representation
OMICRON´s IEDScout 3 makes the circumstances vis-
Accessing client/server traffic
ible on the top layer, represented as closely as possible
The C/S communication is performed over explicitly established
to the way they are defined in the standard. Thus,
connections and the corresponding Ethernet packets are only
the need to look into the complex MMS protocol is
forwarded on those links that actually establish the path between
typically eliminated. The option to drill down to lower
the involved client and server. Without special precautions, an
protocol layers comes second. For special examina-
analysis tool will not receive the packets to be analyzed. The
tion with external protocol analyzers or for docu-
access to the traffic of interest must be first established. A mir-
mentation, the exporting of data is a complementary
ror port, which can be typically found on a managed Ethernet
feature.
switch, is used to replicate the traffic from other ports on the
switch.
www.omicron.at/iedscout
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
30 Products and technology
Products and technology
Time-saving
and extremely
precise
Efficient testing
of current transformers
with the CT Analyzer
When currents are being transformed, losses occur in
a current transformer which are primarily influenced
by its core. If this behavior is considered based on an
equivalent circuit diagram, losses of this nature can
be depicted using a non-linear component (ZE) connected in parallel (Figure 1). The magnetizing current
flows via this component. If this is plotted across the
operating range, one gets the magnetization curve.
The flux density (B) and the magnetic force (H), generated from the primary current, are represented in a
diagram (B-H characteristic curve). The shaded area
represents the hysteresis losses, which correspond to
the energy converted to heat in the core (Figure 2).
The magnetization curve intersects at the turning
point of the hysteresis loop and is often specified by
the manufacturer of the current transformer.
Current transformers are used for measurement
and protection purposes. They establish galvanic
isolation between the high voltage of the power
system and the low-voltage secondary technol-
Conventional transformer testing:
Working with high voltages
When testing the current transformer’s core, the
magnetization curve is determined in order to assess
ogy while converting relatively high currents into
the transformer’s behavior. In the conventional ap-
low, safe and reliably measurable variables. These
proach, an excitation voltage with nominal frequency
transformers often contain an iron core. If the
test engineer is familiar with the properties and
is applied to the secondary side, while the current
transformer is open on the primary side. As the
voltage is increased, the flux density (B) rises and
behavior of the core, it will help him assess the
ultimately reaches core saturation. High test voltages
performance of the transformer when in use. The
(> 600 V) often need to be applied. These voltages
CT Analyzer from OMICRON offers valuable assistance, as it enables simple analysis of the iron
are far above the voltage limits which are considered
to be safe, making such tests extremely hazardous for
test engineers.
core and time-saving testing of the transformer’s
behavior under various operating conditions.
Conventional testing: An increase in the excitation voltage
is applied to the secondary side, often at values above voltage
limits that are considered safe.
v
t
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Products and technology
31
Innovative testing: CT Analyzer
High test voltages can be avoided by using the
CT Analyzer from OMICRON. The maximum voltage
applied by this device is 120 V. If the transformer is
not magnetically saturated after applying this voltage,
the frequency gets reduced in order to increase the
flux density while maintaining the voltage. Once the
tests are completed, the core is automatically demagnetized to remove any remanence. Using this innovative approach, a level of saturation can be achieved
that corresponds to a theoretically applied excitation
voltage of up to 30 000 V without the actual voltage
ever exceeding 120 V.
Figure 1: Equivalent circuit diagram of a current transformer.
Ip
IS
RS
XS
IE
Advantages for the test engineer
The CT Analyzer offers many advantages to its users.
VS
Of particular importance is the inherent safety of
ZE
VB
ZB
the process which results from a maximum testing voltage of 120 V. It is easy to transport, as it is
very compact and weighs just 8 kg (17.6 lbs). As the
n1
n2
device only needs to apply a relatively low output,
it has been possible to drastically reduce its weight
Figure 2: Hysteresis loop. The enclosed area represents the hysteresis losses.
and dimensions when compared with conventional
testing equipment. Using the CT Analyzer also offers
Flux density (B)
increased protection for the current transformer itself,
Saturation (H0,B0)
as accidental errors on the part of the test engineer,
such as increasing the voltage too quickly, are pre-
Residual
magnetism
vented, eliminating the risk of damage to the core or
v
shorted
windings due to flashovers.
0
Field strength (H)
t
Coercive
force
Innovative testing: A maximum applied voltage of 120 V.
The frequency will be reduced if the transformer is still
not magnetically saturated.
Saturation (-H0,-B0)
v
t
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
32
Products and technology
Precise modeling
Time-consuming and costly conventional testing
The CT Analyzer also measures other parameters, such as eddy
For protective applications, the saturation point is a
current losses, core ratio and winding resistance and hence it is
key factor when dimensioning current transformers. It
capable of producing a precise model of the current transformer.
must be high enough to ensure that the current trans-
The transformer’s parameters, specified in line with international
former is capable of transforming the currents flowing
standards such as IEC 60044-1, IEC 60044-6 or IEEE C57.13, can
on the primary side to the secondary with sufficient
be both calculated and evaluated. The CT Analyzer is provided
precision in the event of a system fault which is the
with regular software updates which allow it to maintain compat-
only way to secure a correct protective relay response.
ibility with industry changes.
Although nominal specifications are in place for
this, in practice it is generally not possible to assess
whether a current transformer is capable of complying
with the class stated on its name plate (e.g. 5P20).
Flux density (B)
If the current transformer is being used for measurement purposes, the accuracy of the specified primary
nominal current is the most important parameter. The
current transformer must be capable of maintaining
its minimum accuracy in terms of measured current
Field strength (H)
error and phase displacement up to the rated second-
B=2 T
ary load stated which, if not the case, will lead to billing errors. Conventional testing of current transformers is a very time-consuming process, usually requiring
the transformer to be transported to a laboratory or
workshop, as the testing procedure requires extensive
B= 0.2 T
Figure 3: B-H characteristic curve: The CT Analyzer achieves increased flux density through a reduction of the test voltage frequency.
test equipment, including an external load.
OMICRON YouTube-Channel: Icon für OMICRON Magazin
CT Analyzer: Simple, time-saving
Version: 23.01.2012
and extremely
accurate measurements
The CT Analyzer allows reliable and precise evaluation of current transformers. Testing is performed
Var. 1
on-site
and without the need for external loads. The
CT Analyzer
measured current error and phase displacement are
> Highest measurement accuracy: Its extremely high
determined for all requisite test points, and the typical
accuracy (typically 0.02 % / 1‘) allows the testing of current
time
necessary for testing is less than one minute.
Var. 2
transformers up to the accuracy class 0.1
Independent metrological laboratories have confirmed
> Very compact and lightweight (< 8 kg / 17.4 lbs):
that the CT Analyzer is capable of precise current
Easy to transport and ideal for on-site testing
transformer
testing up to the accuracy class of 0.1—
Var. 3
> Automatic evaluation in line with IEC and IEEE standards
corresponding to the highest specification defined in
> Shorter commissioning times: The automatic test
the IEC and IEEE standards.
generally takes less than 1 minute
Var. 4
> Excellent workplace safety: Testing with maximum
www.omicron.at/ctanalyzer
voltages of just 120 V
> Integration into testing routines using
Remote Interface Control
> Automatic demagnetization of the transformer
after every test
> Covers transformers with transient behavior
(e.g. TPX, TPY, TPZ) and with knee point voltages up to 30 kV
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
VIDEO
Var. 5
Informative videos about comprehensive testing of current transformers and magnetic cores with the CT Analyzer can be found
on www.youtube.com/omicronenergy. The way these videos were
created is described on page 4 and 5 in this magazine.
Events
33
Event
Global exchange
of experience
OMICRON sales partners
come together from
across the globe
Last autumn more than 80 sales partners from 14 different countries attended
the inaugural global OMICRON Sales Partner Meeting. Throughout the threeday event, the key focus was the exchange of information and experience. The
Over 80 participants took the opportunity
to share information and experiences.
venue was the famous Festival and Congress House in Bregenz, on the banks
of Lake Constance in Austria.
Global rather than regional
OMICRON Development Center
Most of the sales partner meetings held to
Many of the sales partners who travelled
date have been regional events. However,
to Austria for the event also had their
during the inaugural international meeting
first opportunity to visit the OMICRON
in 2011, participants were able to benefit
Development Center (ODC) in the town
from a global platform for the first time.
of Klaus. Within the scope of an in-house
fair, solutions were discussed and mea-
Multi-faceted series of lectures and
surements performed with product man-
presentations
agers, developers and technical support
To open the event, representatives from
staff. Participants also had the opportunity
the various regions provided an overview
to learn more about OMICRON’s roots and
of their sales areas. In an intensive series
culture during tours of the facility.
A diverse program of interesting
presentations and lectures.
Walter Vonbank / Archiv Vorarlberger Tourismus
of presentations, sales partners and
OMICRON employees provided informati-
Attractive framework program
on on proven new products and services in
To offer the international guests an
the fields of primary and secondary testing
insight into Austrian culture, a folk group
technology. Ideas were actively exchanged
performed traditional dances and musical
and customer-focused support was provi-
pieces during an interesting and entertai-
ded in open discussions.
ning evening event. This created a great
atmosphere and an unforgettable evening
for everyone who attended.
Cultural presentations impressed
those in attendance.
The first ever global OMICRON Sales Partner
Meeting took place in Bregenz / Austria.
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
34
Application
Mobile system offering
the greatest accuracy
On-site calibration of 20 kV voltage testing and
monitoring systems with CPC 100 + CP TD1
The use of decentralized power generation units, such as wind farms or solar energy
plants, alters the power flow in intelligent supply networks (Smart Grids) based on production and actual requirements. This means that voltage and current measurements
also need to be performed in 20 kV substations. The company Lechwerke AG (LEW) in
Augsburg / Germany, was looking for a suitable on-site calibration procedure for the
20 kV voltage testing and monitoring systems it employs. OMICRON’s multifunctional
CPC 100 + CP TD1 primary testing system serves as 12 kV source, while also determining
both the capacitance and the dissipation factor. With this system, LEW found the ideal
solution to its problems.
The power grid is currently being updated to create a Smart Grid.
here is that this shutdown can potentially cover a larger area
In traditional grids, voltages and currents are generally tested in
than is actually necessary.
small and large substations, with the measured data then being
forwarded to the respective control center. This control center is
However, the grid voltage can still increase to a level above the
used to regulate the grid and the power flow. To date, however,
maximum permitted limit even when there are no errors present.
it has not been necessary to perform voltage, current and power
This situation occurs when a large volume of solar-generated en-
flow measurements at the small substations found on virtually
ergy is fed into the grid at a time when the grid does not require
every street corner of towns and cities. This has now changed
it. The intelligent substations perform a precise voltage measure-
since the integration of decentralized power generators into the
ment and transfer the values determined to the control center.
supply grid.
This control center can then distribute the power flows more
effectively thereby preventing a shutdown by reducing the power
Protection from widespread power cuts
feed of large, decentralized energy generators or by switching
In certain parts of Bavaria, LEW’s supply region, the decentral-
over certain nodes in the grid.
ized power generating units are largely made up of photovoltaic
systems. If an error occurs, a section of the grid is typically shut
To avoid unplanned shutdowns due to overvoltages, LEW is
down. In the worst case, a major consumer can be disconnected,
converting its 20 kV substations to comply with the require-
while the solar installations continue to supply power to the grid.
ments of Smart Grids. This will also enable a better overview and
This leads to voltages occurring in the local network that exceed
more effective monitoring of the local grid situation. The testing
the maximum permissible tolerance. Overvoltage protection and
equipment installed transmits the values it records to the cor-
monitoring equipment is therefore installed to immediately shut
responding control center via the GSM network. Over the course
down the areas affected by this type of overvoltage. The issue
of the last few years, various manufacturers have developed small
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Application
35
L1
L2
L3
C1
CL
C1........ Capacitor in termination
CL ........ Line or cable capacitance
VPG...... Phase-to-ground voltage
Medium-voltage testing systems being calibrated at
a 20 kV substation with the CPC 100 + CP TD1.
Voltage indicator
Test jack
VPG
Ground
testing devices specifically for this purpose. As well as voltage and current
testing, these devices can also measure power outputs and display power
Figure 1: Principle of the integrated capacitive voltage testing system
flow conditions.
Precise on-site calibration of testing equipment
LEW records the necessary values in critical 20 kV substations as a way of
Lechwerke AG (LEW)
facilitating optimum control of power flow and grid voltage. For this to be
effective, the testing equipment employed for measuring currents and volt-
Lechwerke AG in Augsburg / Germany is a regional
ages needs to be calibrated precisely. However, any necessary adjustments
energy supplier. Its grid roughly covers the region
can only be made directly on-site, as the capacitive current transformers used
of Swabia in Bavaria. The company is approximately
to record the measured values can display significant variance (spread). LEW
90 % owned by the energy group RWE AG. In
has been working with OMICRON and using OMICRON testing technology
2010, the company employed 1 700 people and
for many years. Continuing this co-operation, the two companies worked on
recorded revenue of EUR 1.8 billion.
finding a mobile solution for calibrating the testing equipment. Due to the
resulting line-neutral voltage of 11.54 kV in 20 kV grids, a voltage of at least
www.lew.de
11.5 kV is required. OMICRON’s CPC 100 + CP TD1 combination is ideally
suited for use as a mobile high-voltage source. It measures the voltage interOMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
36
Application
VIDEO
Var. 5
nally with laboratory precision and easily
Further applications with the CPC 100 + CP TD1 can
be found on www.youtube.com/omicronenergy
complies with the requisite measurement
accuracy of less than one percent.
Efficient process
The substations or affected cable sections
are shut down for calibration. A capacitive
divider for the voltage measurement is set
up using the voltage testing system and
the cable termination (Figure 1). As the
cable terminations on older systems often
cannot be disconnected during calibration, the cable capacitances need to be
compensated for. This is performed using
additional CP CR500 compensating reactors, which are connected to the cables in
parallel.
CPC 100 with 12 kV source CP TD1 and optional CP CR500 compensating reactor.
Cx represents the cable capacitance. The calibration voltage is applied at the cable termination.
Calibration can be completed quickly:
engineer calls the respective control center
put. This allowed us to see the advantage
“It is generally performed at a voltage
to confirm that the correct data has been
of remote control first-hand.”
of 11.54 kV between line and ground”,
transmitted.” Once all testing has been
explains Wolfgang Pichler, Area Sales
completed, the substation is reactivated.
Ideally suited solution
Manager Germany, at OMICRON. “In the
“While performing calibrations, we were
The on-site measurements demonstrated
first step, the display of the testing device
able to observe an interesting phenom-
that the CPC 100 + CP TD1 combina-
that needs to be checked is compared
enon. Directly after reactivation, we mea-
tion is ideally suited for calibrating the
with the results of the OMICRON system at
sured a voltage of 20.3 kV and a relatively
medium-voltage testing systems being
various voltage values between 4 kV and
high apparent power level of 3.3 MVA at
retrofitted to many substations within the
10 kV. The voltage testing system is then
the station,” describes Dipl.-Ing. Rudolf
scope of upgrading to Smart Grids. “We
calibrated at nominal voltage, and further
Grimme, Head of Protective and Control
have found OMICRON to be a reliable
measurements are taken at a variety of
Equipment at LEW. “A manual switch-
partner that has once again demonstrated
voltage intervals to verify the linearity of
ing operation at the counterpart station,
its expertise with a simple, mobile testing
the testing system. While this procedure
executed by the control center, led to a
solution based on the CPC 100 + CP TD1,”
is being repeated for each phase, the test
reduction of this apparent high power out-
emphasizes Rudolf Grimme.
CPC 100 + CP TD1
Combined with the CPC 100, the CP TD1 generates high-voltage with laboratory precision,
checks this voltage internally and also determines both the capacitance and the dissipation factor.
> Variable, high-performance 12 kV high-voltage source, mobile and extremely precise
> Comprehensive testing of power transformers, current transformers,
voltage transformers and rotating machines
> Improved diagnostics for detecting signs of aging in insulation
as a result of testing at variable frequencies
> Simple transport by trolley—Heaviest component: 29 kg / 64 lbs
> Excellent suppression of mains frequency interference fields
> Automated testing—PC-controlled via the Primary Test Manager software or via the user
interface of the CPC 100 (including testing templates)
A simple and mobile solution:
The test setup with the CPC 100 + CP TD1.
> Reporting—Detailed analyses with trend displays and graphics
Var. 4
Events
37
VIDEO
Var. 5
Solutions for transformer testing on
www.youtube.com/omicronenergy
OMICRON team members greeting
IEEE members at the registration desk.
Event
OMICRON hosted IEEE PES Transformers Committee Meeting
OMICRON had the honor of hosting the recent IEEE PES Transformers
Committee Meeting held on October 30 to November 3, 2011 in Boston,
Massachusetts. 500 engineers gathered in Boston for this meeting representing electric utilities, manufacturers, transformer consultants, and
other organizations.
It was an international event with attendees from
more than 20 countries and 5 continents. Many
regard this bi-annual event to be one of the most
important transformer meetings for our industry.
As host of these meetings, OMICRON was responsible
for choosing the hotel location, logistics, set-up and
tear-down, registration, responsibility for the Wednesday evening social, and the planning and organizing
of the spouse tours. Speaking of spouse tours, approximately 100 spouses attended and were treated
to tours of the John F. Kennedy Library and Museum,
»I find great value in attending the Transformers
Committee Meetings as a purchaser and user of
transformers. They always give me the invaluable
opportunity to network with utility peers as well
as manufacturers, to participate in the standards
process and represent a user’s perspective. There
I can also broaden myself technically by participating in the working group meetings and attending
the technical sessions.«
the Museum of Fine Arts, a tour of Boston’s Historic
David Wallach, Senior Engineer at Duke Power
North End and several other activities. OMICRON
also organized the main social activity on Wednesday
evening which was a dinner cruise on Boston Harbor
aboard the elegant Spirit of Boston Cruise Line.
Upcoming event
The next Transformers Committee Meeting will be held in the
Tutorials were also held during the week in which
spring in Nashville, Tennessee. Anyone (including non-mem-
two OMICRON employees made presentations. The
bers) is welcome to attend. For more information, please visit
first was on partial discharge and was presented by
Dr. Alexander Kraetge, and the second tutorial was on
furans where Thomas Prevost participated.
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
www.transformerscommittee.org
38
Events / News
Sensitive measurements and accurate evaluations
VDE (Association of German Electrical Engineers) seminar
on the topic of partial discharge
The Association of German Electrical Engineers (VDE)
OMICRON YouTube-Channel: Icon für OMICRON Magazin
Version:
23.01.2012
offers many
training
courses. The inaugural “Partial
Discharge (PD)—Sensitive Measurements and Accurate
Evaluations” seminar was held from 6 to 7, December 2011
in co-operation with Leibnitz University in Hannover.
Var. 1
OMICRON’s PD experts played a key part in the success
of this event in their role as guest speakers.
Over the course of twoVar.days,
participants gained the knowledge
2
and skills required to perform sensitive and highly informative
PD measurements. As well as the fundamental principles and
Var. 3 need to be observed, the key focus was
industry standards which
Front left: Seminar leader Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Borsi
from Leibnitz University in Hannover
on practical learning. The participants were given the opportunity to work also with OMICRON’s expert PD testing system, the
Events
MPD 600, and perform many typical testing tasks themselves.
Var. 4
Information on further VDE seminars can be obtained
www.omicron.at/mpd600
directly from the VDE in Frankfurt. You can also learn
more about the training courses offered by OMICRON
on page 10 of this magazine.
OMICRON YouTube-Channel: Icon für OMICRON Magazin
Version: 23.01.2012
VIDEO
Var. 5
www.vde.com/seminare
An extensive video series on partial discharge analysis
can be found on www.youtube.com/omicronenergy
Var. 1
News
Var. 2
FRAnalyzer accessory—FCB1
Var. 3
On-site accuracy verification
The passive calibration box FCB1 verifies the
accuracy of the FRAnalyzer, allowing the preci
preci-
Var. 4
sion of the unit to be confirmed and recorded
in a test report, even after many years of use.
Fast testing, compact dimensions of just 89 x 115 x
73 mm / 3.5 x 4.5 x 2.9 in and extremely low weight
VIDEO
Var. 5
Additional information on testing
with the FRAnalyzer can be found on
www.youtube.com/omicronenergy
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
of under 0.4 kg / 0.9 lbs, make the FCB1 the perfect
tool for on-site verifications.
Europe, Middle East, Africa
rd the seminar
aboa
Utility personnel
room on wheels
39
in France.
In Finland.
Cool Testing in Italy.
Region
On the road again...
The OMICRON Roadshow Truck
continues to tour Europe
Throughout 2012, the OMICRON Roadshow Truck will continue to spread
the word about the leading testing solutions that we provide, and can
easily be booked to make a stop at your facility. Fully equipped with
the latest OMICRON equipment, the truck provides a great setting for
informative on-site presentations. Our OMICRON specialists will offer
their expertise on selected products and deliver engaging workshops
Touring
Spain.
and presentations—right on your door step.
The portable seminar / Seminar room on wheels
Serving as a mobile seminar room that can comfortably accommodate up to a dozen people, the OMICRON Roadshow Truck
runs workshops and presentations that are tailored to the individual needs and interests of our customers, and thanks to the
wide variety of test objects on board we can conveniently answer
any questions that our users might have.
Book your stop!
Last year…
The truck embarked on a grand tour of Europe in 2011; allow-
If you are interested in booking the OMICRON
ing us to present to over 400 enthusiastic visitors at a total of
Roadshow Truck to make a stop at your facility,
43 stations, across 7 countries, including Finland, Bosnia and
we would be happy to add you to our route.
Herzegovina, Italy, France, Spain and Portugal. We even set a new
Detailed information on the presentation program
record by visiting our most westerly and southerly destinations, in
and dates available in your country can be found
Portugal and Italy (Sicily) respectively. This year, the truck plans to
through your local OMICRON contact, or by
equal this success by, once again, stopping in several countries—
emailing info@omicron.at
from Bulgaria to Italy, Spain and the UK.
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
40
Americas
CPC + TD1 test equipment ready for train
training session in Mexico at CFE Substation—the
electric utility in Mexico. OMICRON opened up
an office in Mexico City this past year to better serve
its growing base of Latin American customers.
This past year OMICRON held eleven technical
workshops and seminars in Latin America including
Mexico, Colombia, Peru, El Salvador, Guatemala,
Nicaragua, and Venezuela.
on in current
CT Analyzer: A revoluti
calibration.
transformer testing and
Region
On-site in the Americas
in front
OMICRON Roadshow Bus
rs.
arte
dqu
hea
of Detroit Edison’s
News
Tad Tully prepares to make a relay
test
using OMICRON’s new CMContro
l.
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Utility person
nel aboard OM
ICRON’s
“Classroom
on wheels” lis
tening to
a protective re
lay testing sem
inar.
Dave Mar
ble expla
ining
OMICRON
test solutio
n for reclos
ers.
Electric Utility in El Salvado
r
using OMICRON’s CPC + TD1
and FRAnalyzer
to test transformers.
.
y in Waltham, MA
OMICRON Academ
ON
ICR
OM
by
d
ine
ople were tra
More than 2 000 pe
Region.
cas
eri
Am
the
in
r
yea
engineers this past
Application
Asia-Pacific
41
Region
Trainings in Asia-Pacific
Date
9 – 11
21 – 22
14 – 15
23
24
25
23 – 24
26 – 27
4–5
3–4
13 – 15
12 – 14
17 – 19
2
3
16
17
17
8
16
17
18
May
May
August
May
May
May
April
April
June
September
June
September
October
August
August
August
August
September
October
October
October
October
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
18
19
5
6–7
8–9
October
October
November
November
November
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
Training course
Course code
Location
Theory and Techniques of Diagnostic Measurements on Power Transformers
Basic CMC, Test Universe and Overcurrent Relay
C.0031.BBX
C.0075.BBX
Melbourne
Hong Kong
Introduction to Distance Protection Testing
Introduction to Differential Protection Testing
IEC 61850 Protection Testing with OMICRON CMC Test Equipment
Advanced Partial Discharge Measurement
Advanced Partial Discharge Measurement
Overcurrent Protection Testing with the OMICRON Test Universe
C.0076.BBX
C.0078.BBX
C.0082.BBX
C.0086.BBX
C.0086.BBX
C.0028.NNX
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Melbourne
Sydney
Melbourne
Power System Protection Testing with the OMICRON Test Universe
C.0047.AAE
Melbourne
Partial Discharge Measurement
Dielectric Dissipation Factor Measurement
Generator Protection Testing
Motor Protection Testing
Measurement Equipment Testing with the OMICRON Test Universe
IEC 61850 Basics, Application and Testing with the OMICRON Test Universe
Introduction to the CPC 100 and Testing CTs and VTs
Measurements of Power Transformers with the CPC 100 and the CP TD1
Sweep Frequency Response Analysis (SFRA) of Power
Transformers using the OMICRON FRAnalyzer
Moisture Determination and Dielectric Diagnostics of Power Transformers
Current Transformer Testing and Analysis
An Overview on Basic CMC and Test Universe
Advanced Distance Protection Testing
Advanced Differential Protection Testing
C.0085.BBX
C.0084.BBX
C.0080.BBX
C.0081.BBX
C.0087.BBX
C.0033.AAX
C.0057.BBX
C.0059.BBX
C.0062.BBA
Melbourne
Melbourne
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Melbourne
Melbourne
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
C.0063.BBA
C.0038.AAX
C.0074.BBX
C.0077.BBX
C.0079.BBX
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Webinars
Date
10
5
7
9
18
12
6
8
10
19
19
7
9
11
20
20
8
10
12
21
April
June
August
October
December
April
June
August
October
December
April
June
August
October
December
April
June
August
October
December
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
2012
Training course
Course code
Location
Test Universe—Getting Started Using QuickCMC Module
W.0066.AAX
Webinars
Testing Overcurrent Relays
W.0071.AAX
Webinars
Protection Testing Library (PTL)—Getting Started
W.0068.AAX
Webinars
Primary Test Manager (PTM)
W.0083.BBX
Webinars
OMICRON Magazine | Volume 3 Issue 1 2012
Global Dialog
OMICRON electronics worldwide
Americas
Europe, Middle East, Africa
Asia-Pacific
OMICRON electronics Corp. USA
OMICRON electronics GmbH
OMICRON electronics Asia Limited
12 Greenway Plaza, Suite 1510
Oberes Ried 1
Suite 2006, 20/F, Tower 2
Houston, TX 77046, USA
6833 Klaus, Austria
The Gateway, Harbour City
Phone:
+1 713 830-4660
Phone
+43 5523 507-0
Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R.
+1 800-OMICRON
Fax:
+43 5523 507-999
Phone:
+852 3767 5500
+1 713 830-4661
info@omicron.at
Fax:
+852 3767 5400
Fax:
info@omicronusa.com
info@asia.omicron.at