C A S E
S T U D Y
P N C
N E T
Z E R O
B A N K
B R A N C H
BANKING ON
Gensler
NET ZERO
B Y R A H U L A T H A LY E , M E M B E R A S H R A E ;
In sunny south Florida, the humid, hot climate drives up cooling energy use.
But, the Sunshine State also offers an ample renewable resource that prompted
PNC Financial Services Group to locate its first bank branch targeting net
zero energy operation in Fort Lauderdale. PNC teamed with Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory (PNNL) to aggressively drive down energy use and
carefully monitor operations, resulting in a year of net zero energy use. Now,
with the branch building performing better than predicted, PNC is applying
the lessons learned to its national portfolio of buildings.
B I N G L I U , P. E . , M E M B E R A S H R A E ;
A N D L AW R E N C E M I LT E N B E R G E R
I
n 2003, PNC decided to build
all of its new bank branches
to meet LEED requirements.
To achieve this target, the
company created a low-energy prototype design that would be used in
the construction of all new branch
buildings in the Northeast.
The LEED-certified, low-energy
“signature branch” design was
Kim Ruoff Photography
Above Signage uses custom-designed LED
lamps that reduce energy consumption by
75% over conventional lamps. Interior artificial lighting is also provided by LEDs.
38
HIGH PERFORMING
B U I L D I N G S Winter 2015
This article was published in High Performing Buildings, Winter 2015. Copyright 2015 ASHRAE. Posted at www.hpbmagazine.org. This article may not be copied and/or distributed electronically
or in paper form without permission of ASHRAE. For more information about High Performing Buildings, visit www.hpbmagazine.org.
Opposite The central lobby provides natural light throughout the day, and gives the
building an open, airy feel. It is oriented
along an east-west axis and forms the core
of the building.
modeled to achieve a 30% energy
reduction target over ASHRAE/
IESNA Standard 90.1-2004. After
building and certifying many
branches according to this design,
the company wanted to pursue a net
zero energy branch.
At the time, a bank branch that
consumed less energy than it generated on an annual basis was not
inconceivable, but such a design was
rare. PNC recognized the need for a
technical partner to help create the
net zero energy design.
Building Partnerships
The U.S. Department of Energy’s
(DOE) launch of the Commercial
Winter 2015 H I G H
B U I L D I N G AT A G L A N C E
Name PNC Net Zero Bank Branch
Location Fort Lauderdale, Fla.
Owner PNC Financial Services
Principal Use Office
Includes Bank
Employees/Occupants 8 employees
Percent Occupied 100%
Gross Square Footage 4,620
Conditioned Space 4,620
Distinctions/Awards LEED 2009 for Retail: NC, Platinum
Total Cost N/A
Substantial Completion/Occupancy
January 2013
PERFORMING
BUILDINGS
39
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Gensler
Partners: PNC and PNNL
Glazing on the east and west façades is
shaded by a combination of the roof and
louvers. Automatic interior roll-up shades
provide cover against early morning and late
evening sun.
E N E R G Y AT A G L A N C E
Annual Energy Use Intensity (EUI) (Site) 36.6 kBtu/ft2
Electricity (From Grid) 4.5
kBtu/ft2
Renewable Energy (PV) 32.1 kBtu/ft2
Annual Source Energy 46 kBtu/ft2
Annual Energy Cost Index (ECI) N/A
Annual On-Site Renewable Energy
Exported 7.8 kBtu/ft2
Annual Net Energy Use Intensity –3.32 kBtu/ft2
Savings vs. Standard 90.1-2004
Design Building 56%
Heating Degree Days (Base 65˚F) 142
Cooling Degree Days (Base 65˚F) 9846
Annual Hours Occupied 2,652
W AT E R AT A G L A N C E
Annual Water Use (Estimated) 9,000
gallons (domestic); 22,000 gallons
(irrigation)
42
HIGH PERFORMING
Under the CBP program, PNC
teamed with Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory (PNNL), a DOE
national laboratory. The bank’s
design team had developed the PNC
Northeast prototype design.
The goal of CBP new construction
projects was to design and construct
a building that consumes 50% less
energy compared to a baseline building compliant with Standard 90.12004. PNC chose to go beyond the
program goal of 50% energy reduction and added on-site renewable
resources to produce as much energy
as it uses on an annual basis, targeting a net zero energy building.
The design team identified energyefficient technologies across building systems — including building
envelope, HVAC, lighting and miscellaneous electrical loads. PNNL
contributed advanced energy modeling to predict the whole building
performance along with monitoring,
data collection and analysis.
Collaboration
For a net zero energy design to come
to life, an integrated design approach
is necessary. Given its experience
B U I L D I N G S Winter 2015
KEY ENERGY REDUCTION
S T R AT E G I E S
Fenestration Solar-selective, hurricaneresistant glazing (low-e, R-4, clear)
rejects heat while letting visible light
into the space.
Daylighting Louvers on south façade
shade fenestration while providing
daylighting to lobby and office spaces.
Central lobby has glazing on all four
façades, creating an open, airy building
core. Daylighting controls reduce electric
lighting when sufficient daylight is available. Automatic interior roller shades on
the east- and west-facing fenestration
reduce solar gain during early morning
and late evening hours, respectively.
Lighting Interior and exterior fixtures
use LED technology, including exterior
signage. Interior lighting is controlled
using occupancy sensors. Façade and
canopy lighting is partially off during late
night hours of low occupancy. All exterior lighting is turned off automatically
during daylight hours.
HVAC Staged cooling reduces compressor cycling. Energy recovery wheel
recovers exhaust air energy and dehumidifies fresh air. An adaptive fan (multispeed) reduces energy consumption
and is easy to maintain. An ultraefficient
rooftop unit provides high efficiency.
Plug Loads ENERGY STAR-rated
equipment used, where possible.
Nonessential equipment is automatically
turned off outside bank operating hours.
Occupancy controlled plug-in strips turn
off personal equipment after 30 minutes
of inactivity. Computers are remotely
turned off from midnight through 5 a.m.,
generating large savings.
in the area of sustainable development, PNC not only understood the
importance of a unified design team,
but fostered collaboration and created
an environment that overcame technical, geographical and communication barriers. Throughout the design,
Above The perimeter offices are separated
from the lobby by glass partitions, promoting
the transfer of daylight between spaces and
also providing a connection to the outdoors.
Right The canopy covering the walkway to
the building entrance provides shade and an
ideal location for photovoltaic panels. The
site’s PV arrays produced more electricity
than the building consumed during its first
year of operation.
construction and verification process,
the design team was able to focus on
achieving the net zero energy goal.
Net Zero Design
Pre-Design. The bank’s “signature branch” design for Northeast
branches was modeled to achieve
a 30% reduction in energy over
Standard 90.1-2004. Before design
work could begin for the net zero
energy branch, one of the Northeast
branches that was built according to
the 30% energy reduction design was
monitored to understand the energy
use within the building.
This data was used to calibrate an
initial building simulation model
that established that this branch
building was 19% better than
Standard 90.1-2004. Having established a signature branch baseline,
several building envelope and
HVAC energy efficiency measures
were then applied to the model,
which resulted in 27% energy
savings compared to the Standard
90.1-2004 baseline.
The monitoring data revealed that
over 75% of total building energy
consumption was attributed to plug
loads and lighting (Figure 1). These
results meant that to achieve the 50%
energy reduction target, design strategies had to focus on plug loads and
lighting (including decorative lighting
and signage lighting) in addition to
HVAC equipment and the envelope.
Site. Five representative climates
were considered for the new net
zero branch location. Sites were
evaluated for their energy consumption and potential for renewable
energy strategies.
Analysis showed a Florida site
would have high cooling and dehumidification demand, and high
energy costs, but also high solar
energy potential and a strong opportunity for improvements. The final
location in Fort Lauderdale, Fla.,
was selected based on market needs
and project timing.
The local site was primed for redevelopment and branded a “Gateway”
site by the City of Fort Lauderdale.
This required the bank to ensure the
building’s exterior would be visually
appealing and pedestrian friendly.
Envelope and Daylighting. PNC’s
branches have a distinctive style
that includes an exterior brick
Winter 2015 H I G H
Gensler
Envelope Higher than code minimum
insulation (R-38 roof insulation,
R-15+R-10 continuous wall insulation)
reduces heat transfer between inside
and outside of the building.
Gensler
Building Partnerships (CBP) program in 2008 presented the perfect
opportunity for PNC to pursue its
net zero energy branch. The CBP
initiative is a cost-shared program
in which organizations partner with
DOE’s Building Technologies Office
to improve energy efficiency in commercial buildings.
Low-energy technologies and
strategies developed during the CBP
collaboration could be applied by
commercial partners in the future.
façade and a core lobby that is open
and daylit. The company wanted its
net zero branch to reflect this style.
The lobby of the net zero building
forms the core of the building, and is
oriented along the east-west axis.
A new daylighting strategy was
developed for the net zero energy
branch in which exterior louvers on
the south façade control solar gain
and add a distinctive element to
the exterior. The central lobby and
perimeter office spaces benefit from
the new daylighting strategy, while
the core of the building remains
open and airy.
Near the ground level, louvers
extend along the walkway to the
west and create a canopy that shades
F I G U R E 1 EXISTING NORTHEAST
BRANCH ENERGY USE
BREAKDOWN
23%
32%
Plug Loads
36,154 kWh
HVAC
25,833 kWh
17%
28%
Interior Lighting
19,405 kWh
Exterior Lighting
32,085 kWh
PERFORMING
BUILDINGS
43
D AY L I G H T I N G S E C T I O N V I E W A N D S U S TA I N A B L E F E AT U R E S
When designing
health care HVAC,
the walkway, while also providing a
pedestrian-level connection to the
building from the sidewalk. Near the
roof, louvers extend along the south
façade to provide shading to the east
and west glazing. Automatic interior
roller shades are installed on eastand west-facing windows to reduce
sun penetration during the early
morning and late evening hours.
BUILDING ENVELOPE
Roof
Type Built-up roof, attic roof
Overall R-value R-25 (built-up roof),
R-38 (attic roof)
Walls
Type Masonry
Overall R-value R15+R10
Glazing Percentage 21%
Basement/Foundation
Slab Edge Insulation R-value No insulation (none required in Climate Zone 1A)
Windows
Effective U-factor for Assembly 0.29
Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) 0.25
Visual Transmittance 0.46
Location
Latitude 26.13°N
Orientation Along east-west axis; long
dimension facing north-south
44
HIGH PERFORMING
The use of louvers and high performance glazing achieved a balance between natural daylighting
and a low cooling load. The visible
transmittance of the fenestration is
high (0.46) while the solar heat gain
coefficient (SHGC) is low (0.25). The
fenestration was selected to meet the
local hurricane resistance code.
HVAC. Monitoring of the existing
Northeast branch showed that peak
cooling loads occur for short periods
during the year. During peak cooling times, the rooftop unit (RTU)
would run for short intervals, meet
the setpoint, then shut off. For a
majority of hours, the RTU ran at
less than full capacity at much
lower efficiency.
While the cooling load for the net
zero building in Florida was higher
than the Northeast branch, the cooling load was much lower than the
maximum for a large amount of
time. By using a lower capacity unit,
the cycle time during peak cooling
was longer, but resulted in more
efficient operation for the majority
of hours during the year. PNC used
B U I L D I N G S Winter 2015
this information to reduce the RTU
capacity for all new construction and
HVAC replacement projects.
For the net zero branch, as well
as for other new bank branches in
similar climates, the bank uses an
ultra-efficient cooling system with
a staged compressor and an energy
recovery wheel that recovers energy
from the exhaust airstream to dehumidify incoming fresh air. The AHU
uses a multi-speed fan that reduces
fan energy consumption and saves
almost the same amount of energy
as a variable speed fan while being
much easier to maintain.
Lighting. The interior lighting system at the branch uses LED lamps
that are more efficient than conventional lamps and provide better
color rendering. LED lights run on
direct current (dc) and require a
transformer to change alternating
current (ac) power to dc power.
The bank chose to install a dc grid
that can be powered directly by the
photovoltaic (PV) panels (when available), avoiding the loss of energy
experienced when converting ac to
expert guidance
is essential.
HVAC Design Manual for
Hospitals and Clinics
Now in a NeW, revised and updated second edition.
This second edition provides in-depth design recommendations from consulting
and hospital engineers with experience in the design, construction, and operation
of health care facilities. It offers low-cost, highly reliable solutions, with a focus on
what's different about health care HVAC.
The manual contains essential guidance on:
• environmental comfort
• infection control
• energy conservation
available in priNt or digital Format
Price: $129 ($109 ASHRAE Member)
www.ashrae.org/hospitalsandclinics
• life safety
• operation and maintenance
• disaster planning strategies
• “best practice” recommendations on temperature, humidity, air exchange,
and pressure requirements for various types of rooms found in hospitals
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White matte finish louvers shade the
south façade glazing from low-angle sun,
providing diffuse natural light in the lobby
and the perimeter offices. East and west
vestibules reduce air infiltration.
LESSONS LEARNED
Design Teams Need Effective
Communication. The core design team
for the net zero building consisted of
PNC, architects, MEP engineers, and
PNNL. With the specific needs of the
project — given the hot and humid location, the “Gateway” site constraints,
need for maintaining the PNC brand,
and chasing the net zero target — it was
important that the design team communicated effectively. PNC held monthly
or bi-monthly conference calls with the
design team so that everyone was on
the same page.
Client Must Be the Leader. PNC’s corporate culture of sustainability paid
dividends during the design of the net
zero building. Throughout the process,
PNC pushed the project team, whether it
was extracting the last kWh from an ATM
machine, by changing fluorescent lighting to LED lighting or coaxing its own IT
department into shutting off computers
at night to reduce plug loads.
Know Thy Building. Knowing where the
energy is consumed in a building is
very important. By studying the energy
use signature of the existing Northeast
branch, end-uses that needed most
attention came into focus. PNC’s
branches may be spread all over the
country, but the importance of tackling
lighting and plug loads is now well
understood and will not go unnoticed in
new designs.
Verify Savings. A great design does not
save energy, the actual building does.
Post-construction monitoring and verification is key. PNC has devoted time and
personnel to care for the net zero Fort
Lauderdale branch and has brought it
to the level of performance that it was
designed to deliver.
46
HIGH PERFORMING
the ambient lighting, was switched
to LED lamps also. Interior lighting
is controlled using occupancy sensors in every space, while daylighting
controls help lower light levels in the
lobby, offices and teller area.
Parking lot pole lighting uses LED
luminaires while the façade, canopy,
and decorative lighting also use LED
fixtures. Monitoring of the existing
Northeast branch revealed that the
“PNC Bank” signs on the exterior of
the building are a large lighting load.
Unlike some of the façade lighting
that can be shut off for a portion of
the night, the signs remain lit from
6 p.m. to 7 a.m. PNC, together with
lighting experts from PNNL, commissioned a new LED lamp for the PNC
sign. The new lamp reduced signage
consumption by more than 75%.
Plug Load. Despite applying
aggressive strategies to lighting,
HVAC and envelope systems, the
50% reduction target could not be
reached. PNNL’s simulation analysis showed that more than 40% of
the building’s total energy was being
consumed by plug loads.
A systematic approach was used
to tackle the problem of plug load
energy consumption. First, where
possible, the net zero energy branch
building would use ENERGY
STAR appliances and equipment
to reduce installed power. Second,
equipment would be turned off
whenever possible.
In the case of computers and
monitors, a group of ENERGY
STAR products that all met the bank
specifications were monitored for a
short period to determine the most
efficient computer. Occupancy
B U I L D I N G S Winter 2015
sensor-controlled plug-in strips are
used for nonessential equipment.
All branch circuits originate from
programmable breakers, which can be
set to the branch operating schedule.
Water Conservation
Ultra low-flow toilets (1 gallon per flush),
metered sensor faucets with aerators
(0.09 gallons per cycle) in restrooms,
low-flow faucets (1 gpm) in kitchen are
calculated to achieve 42% water savings according to the LEED baseline.
Equipment such as televisions, audiovideo equipment, and printers are
scheduled to turn off automatically
outside operating hours.
Finally, the largest consumers
within plug load equipment were
computers, and they were tackled
in the most innovative approach:
remote turn-off. Through the use of
software, computers are remotely
turned off at midnight and turned
back on at 5 a.m.
The software works by enabling
one “master” computer to control
“slave” computers by putting them
into hibernation and waking the
“slaves” to receive software updates
during the off period. Although it
took some convincing, PNC’s IT
department sanctioned and led this
effort to reduce computer energy use.
Weather station-based irrigation controller with high-efficiency drip irrigation.
Getting to Net Zero
KEY SUSTAINABLE FEATURES
Indoor Air Quality
Humidity is controlled using energy
recovery ventilation wheel.
Low- or zero-VOC paints, sealants,
adhesives, coatings.
Recycled and recyclable carpet.
Low-emission furniture, wall coverings,
wallboard, insulation and carpet.
Nontoxic and natural cleaning products.
Native, drought-resistant grasses,
shrubs, and trees.
After implementing plug load measures, the predicted whole building
Storm Water Management
Bioswales designed to capture and filter
all runoff from paved surfaces.
BUILDING TEAM
Permeable asphalt.
Building Owner/Representative PNC Financial Services
Site
Pedestrian nature trail incorporated into
site design to promote health of visitors
and awareness of nearby river habitat,
native vegetation.
Architect Gensler
General Contractor Turner Construction
Mechanical, Electrical Engineer CJL Engineering
Building sited adjacent to the sidewalk
to promote pedestrian accessibility.
Energy Modeler PNNL
Materials Selection
Materials selected to promote local
industry, sustainable harvesting practices, and responsible resource use.
Structural Engineer Gilsanz Murray Steficek
Materials selected with preference
for recycled options; over half of the
building materials (by cost) include
recycled content.
Environmental, LEED Consultant Paladino and Co., Inc.
Civil Engineer Bohler Engineering
Landscape Architect Terra Tectonics Design Group Inc.
All foundation and building shell materials produced within the local region.
Lighting Design CJL/PNNL
All plywood is Forest Stewardship
Council certified wood.
Commissioning Agent PNC Realty Services MEP Group
Smith Aerial Photos
Kim Ruoff Photography
dc. Task lighting, used to supplement
The south-facing sloped roof provides an
ideal location for PV panels. Additional PV
panels are located on the walkway and drivethrough canopies. A nature trail is incorporated into the site design to promote health
and awareness of the nearby river habitat.
energy consumption was decreased
to 56% below the Standard 90.12004 baseline (Figure 2 and
Figure 3). The simulation analysis
accounted for every piece of equipment that would be going into the
new branch.
With the 50% reduction target
achieved, attention turned to the
second part of the project’s goal:
renewable energy generation and
net zero energy use. The net zero
energy branch is designed with a
slanted roof that allowed plenty of
roof area for photovoltaic (PV) panels. PV panels also are mounted on
the canopy of the walkway leading
up to the building (shown on p. 41,
right), as well as on the canopy of
the drive-through structure (shown
above).
The system is oversized by 10%
to cover energy demand during an
exceptionally hot summer or future
increase in plug loads. The 55 kW
dc system provides more power during the day than the branch uses,
Winter 2015 H I G H
and the excess is returned to the
utility grid through a bi-directional
meter. The building does not store
energy in batteries, but the bidirectional meter allows power to flow
from the grid at night and during
periods of clouds to keep the building operational.
Real Energy Savings
Construction of the building
began in January 2012, and the
branch opened for operation in
F I G U R E 2 NET ZERO BRANCH DESIGN
MODELED ENERGY USE
BREAKDOWN
2%
14%
Fans
4,604 kWh
Heat Recovery
1,063 kWh
28%
Cooling
14,673 kWh
30%
17%
Plug Loads
29,956 kWh
Interior Lighting
11,132 kWh
10%
Exterior Lighting
15,398 kWh
PERFORMING
BUILDINGS
47
NOW
AVAILABLE
150
Gensler
120
56%
Savings
60
This canopy extends the theme of the louvered facade to the pedestrian level. PV
panels provide shade and help the building
operate on a net zero energy basis.
30
0
Standard
90.1-2004
Baseline
Actual
Consumption
(April 2013–
March 2014)
Net Zero
Design
Modeled
January 2013. The building team
developed a metering and verification plan that established the framework of the metering system.
Individual circuits are metered
at the panel level so that the consumption of end-uses could be
monitored. The total PV generation,
the fraction used at the branch, and
the fraction transferred to the utility
grid also were metered.
At the endInterior
of theLighting
first full year of
Exterior Lighting
operation (April
2013 through March
Cooling
2014), the branch
had consumed
Fans
2
Heat
Recovery
36.6 kBtu/ft , less than that prePlug Loads
dicted by the simulation model (56.8
kBtu/ft2) (Figure 3). The greatest
savings compared to the model came
from plug loads. The branch also had
generated more energy than it consumed (slightly less than 5,000 kWh)
over the same period (Figure 4).
While performance exceeded
prediction, the metering and control system did require human
intervention to keep it on track. On
one occasion, PNC discovered the
In addition, this book discusses how to build a successful team, analytical methods,
successful approaches to site visits, incorporating on-site measurements, economic evaluation of measures, and how to organize an energy audit report that promotes action on the part
of building owners and managers.
Payoff
The net zero branch provides a
comfortable banking environment
together with a net zero energy
footprint. It meets the city of Fort
Lauderdale’s expectations of the
“Gateway” site by creating a landmarkASHRAE
that is instantly recognizable
1791 Tullie Circle
Atlanta,
GA 30329-2305
and Phone:
satisfies
PNC’s business needs
404-636-8400 (worldwide)
www.ashrae.org
by catering to an important market.
As a DOE Commercial Building
Partnership project, it will have a
PCBEA Cover.indd 1
national impact through the transfer of proven technologies to PNC’s
portfolio and to other commercial
building partners. As a net zero
energy building, it fulfills its net
zero goal by generating more energy
than it consumes over the year. •
PV Generation
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
60,000
Rahul Athalye, Member ASHRAE, is a
research engineer at Pacific Northwest
National Laboratory in Richland, Wash.
50,000
kWh
40,000
30,000
Bing Liu, P.E., LEED AP BD+C, is a
chief research engineer and program
manager at Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory in Richland, Wash.
20,000
10,000
Mar 2014
Feb 2014
Jan 2014
Dec 2013
Nov 2013
Oct 2013
Sep 2013
Aug 2013
Jul 2013
Jun 2013
May 2013
Apr 2013
0
The bank branch generated more electricity than it used during this time period.
48
HIGH PERFORMING
B U I L D I N G S Winter 2015
DIGITAL
Procedures for
FORMAT
Commercial Building
Energy Audits
The Most
Important
Book to Have
for Effective
Energy Audits
Second Edition
Includes customizable
forms and templates
ISBN 978-1-936504-09-1
9 781936 50409 1
Product code: 90450 11/13
Price: $109 (ASHRAE Member: $92)
11/12/2013 9:52:47 AM
This unique reference defines best practices for energy survey and analysis for
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provides updated guidance and tools for energy consulting engineers, LEED®
professionals, real estate professionals and building managers.
Now referenced in LEED v.4, this version details energy auditing methods
and provides new sample forms and templates that illustrate the content and
arrangement of a complete, effective energy analysis report.
The second edition of Procedures:
F I G U R E 4 C U M U L AT I V E E L E C T R I C I T Y U S E , P R O D U C T I O N
Electric Consumption in PRINT or
Second Edition
Annual EUI (kBtu/ft2)
90
lights were not shutting off according to schedule.
This was because
This second edition of Procedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits provides a reference
guide for building owners, managers, and government entities on what to expect from an
one of the
components
audit, control
establishes guidelines
for levels of audithad
efforts, and introduces good procedures for
energy auditors.
malfunctioned
due
to
a
power
surge
This edition has been expanded to include updated guidance on energy auditing methods and
useful reference materials. Features of this edition include:
and hadnewtoandbe
replaced. Initially,
• Widely cited definitions of standard audit levels used in the industry
the monitoring
system
alsothatneeded
• Energy auditing
best practices
professionals can apply in their field work
• Spreadsheet templates to assist in basic analysis as well as forms suitable for field
some analysis
toof detailed
tallycommercial
the reported
collection
building data, available in the appendices and online
• Key information on conducting effective energy audits that lead to actionable
consumption
and generation with
audit reports
• Illustrative graphs and photos
that reported
by the utility meter.
Procedures for Commercial Building Energy Audits
F I G U R E 3 C O M PA R I S O N O F
ENERGY CONSUMPTION
Lawrence Miltenberger, LEED AP BD+C,
is a senior project manager at PNC
Design and Construction Services
in Pittsburgh.
• Provides a reference guide for building owners, managers and government
entities as to what to expect from an audit
• Establishes guidelines for Levels 1, 2 and 3 of audit effort
• Shows how to conduct effective energy audits that lead to actionable
audit reports
• Includes more than 25 guideline forms in spreadsheet format for easy
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To order, visit the ASHRAE Bookstore
www.ashrae.org/pcbeabook