2011 APPEA Conference & Exhibition Daily Newspaper – Produced & Published by RESolutions Operations Group – www.resolutions-group.com.au Daily Review The Monday 11 April 2011 Sponsored by Chevron LNG: It’s not the problem, it’s the solution! Belinda Robinson, APPEA Chief Executive Back To The Future: How Far Have We Come? T HE LEAD STORY ON THE COVER OF THE CONFERENCE NEWSPAPER, THE DAILY REVIEW, IN 2009 STATED: PROJECTS, JOBS, GOV REVENUE + EMISSIONS REDUCTIONS … LNG HAS IT ALL. APPEA CHAIRMAN, ERIC STREITBERG, CLAIMED THAT THE LNG INDUSTRY “HAS THE POTENTIAL TO HELP LEAD AUSTRALIA’S ECONOMIC RECOVERY”. Jump forward two years to the APPEA Conference 2011, and guess what? APPEA is outlining the same benefits of LNG (particularly environmental) and that significantly more can be achieved by expanding Australia’s LNG industry than any other energy sector. With the prospect of this cleaner energy source being lumped in with the big polluters under a revamped ETS, could we be forgiven for thinking the Federal Government isn’t listening? Perhaps this morning, Martin Ferguson, Minister for Resources and Energy, will clear the air and outline the Government’s plans to expand this crucial energy sector. In her Sunday press conference, APPEA Chief Executive Belinda Robinson highlighted the report, Greenhouse Gas Emissions Study of Australian CSG to LNG, produced by WorleyParsons, which compares the amount of greenhouse gas emissions associated with Chinese power generators using Australian LNG derived from CSG, and those using imported black coal. Even before the conference was officially up and running, Robinson launched the LNG balloon, championing the industry and how it could potentiality reduce global greenhouse gas emissions. “It’s being treated as a problem but it’s not, it’s the solution”, she stated to the press gallery. Continued on page 3 Expanding Gas Plays Add Cost Pressures And Stretches Tight Labour Market U NCONVENTIONAL GAS IS SET TO BE ‘THE NEXT BIG THING’ TO CONTINUE SURGING AUSTRALIA’S BOOMING PETROLEUM INDUSTRY AHEAD IN THE YEARS TO COME. ACROSS AUSTRALIA THERE ARE A MYRIAD OF LNG PROJECTS EITHER BEING DEVELOPED, UNDERWAY OR AT FID. HOWEVER, AUSTRALIA’S PUSH TO TAKE THE TITLE OF THE WORLD’S LEADER IN LNG EXPORTS FROM QATAR BY 2020 COULD BE HALTED DUE TO EXPECTED COMPETITION BETWEEN LNG DEVELOPERS FOR SKILLED LABOUR. In less than 10 years Australia is expected to produce around 160 MMt of LNG per annum if all proposed projects get online on time. Wood Mackenzie’s Head of Australasia Upstream Research, Craig McMahon will be discussing Queensland’s CSG to LNG unconventional gas plays at APPEA today and said there is a massive amount of investment in LNG projects across Australia. There are two projects in Queensland which have reached FID and are now under construction: the BG sponsored Queensland Curtis LNG and the GLNG project which is a joint venture between Santos, PETRONAS, Total and KOGAS. The APLNG project, lead by Origin and ConocoPhillips is targeting FID by mid 2011. “If you consider the three projects in Queensland alone, we’re expecting to see over $70 B of capital committed to delivering these, and that’s just the unconventional projects”, McMahon said. “There are even more conventional projects in Western Australia and in the Northern Territory. The level of investment in the LNG sector is absolutely huge within Australia.” McMahon said that even though the scale of investment and potential for these projects is massive, there are a number of challenges facing development of such projects. The main issue which will affect projects across the country will be the availability of skilled labour. “The CSG to LNG sector in Queensland is competing with other sectors across Australia and internationally for a limited skilled labour market”, he said. “So within Australia they’ll be competing against the conventional LNG projects in WA, they’ll also be competing against the mining sector which will also be seeking some of these generic skills.” LNG projects in Queensland will create thousands of jobs and will demand skilled labour in their construction and development phases, putting an added pressure on the already stretched skilled labour market in Australia. “It’s assumed that there’ll be an influx of foreign labour, presumably on short-term contracts and visas to support the industry”, McMahon said. “That will occur across Australia as the country continues to blossom from an oil, gas and Ramform W – Bigger, Better, Safer The Future of Seismic mining perspective. Actually finding the labour is one thing, having the skilled labour is another. “The other key factor in such a tight labour market will be inflationary pressures within the labour market. So it’s one thing to find the labour force but its another question how much to pay them. The impact of the higher labour cost will obviously have an impact on the economics of these developments as well.” Besides addressing the challenges facing CSG to LNG projects in Queensland, McMahon will also be discussing international unconventional activities and how they’ll compete with projects in Queensland. McMahon said that Australia’s advantage above other countries is its geographic position because it gives it good market access. “Australia’s abundance of gas reserves, conventional or unconventional, really gives it the opportunity to penetrate that market and really grow its market share within the Asia Pacific space”, he said. “There’s been a lot of success in Queensland and there’s great potential for success within those established basins, and the Bowen Basin is really leading the way. “There’s also a plethora of other basins starting to emerge in Australia and some of them will be CSG focused. The main unconventional play for Australia will actually be shale and tight gas focused. This has been one of the major successful plays in North America, and we’ve seen a much greater interest on those plays within the Australian space as well. It’s very early at this stage. But some of the initial results have been encouraging and we can demonstrate some of the key success factors that we think will be necessary to make some of these projects fly.” McMahon will be speaking on ‘Review Of Australia’s Unconventional Gas Plays’ in session 8 at 3:45 today. ■ Our future lies in innovation. Your future lies with us. Come visit us at stands 286, 288, 295, 297 at APPEA 2011 to find out about our fantastic career opportunities. Geologists | Petroleum Geologists | Geophysicists | Explorationists | Petroleum Engineers Excellent package + unbeatable lifestyle Based in Saudi Arabia As a leader in the petroleum industry, Saudi Aramco manages the largest proven reserves of conventional crude oil – 260 billion barrels – and manages the fourthlargest gas reserves in the world – 263 trillion cubic feet. 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If you want to find out more information about our current roles, please call Marie, Recruitment Representative, on 00 44 (0)20 7632 4963 or to apply visit www.jobsataramco.eu/appeap Monday 11 April 2011 Published by: RESolutions Resource & Energy Services Pty Ltd ACN: 070 860 801 W: www.resolutions-group.com.au Publisher: Brian Wickins T: +61 (0)8 9347 9400 M: +61 (0)411 737 776 Email: brian@resolutions-group.com.au Production Director: Adriana Wickins T: +61 (0)8 9347 9400 M: +61 (0)438 737 776 E: adriana@resolutions-group.com.au Senior Journalist: Julia Kogan T: +61 (0)8 9347 9407 M: +61 (0)411 376 562 E: julia@resolutions-group.com.au Journalist: Lauren Pilat T: +61 (0)8 9347 9406 M: +61 (0)413 697 020 E: lauren@resolutions-group.com.au Design & Production: Catarina Castela T: +61 (0)8 9347 9404 E: catarina@resolutions-group.com.au Advertising: Greg Boase T: +61 (0)8 9347 9403 M: +61 (0)439 696 307 E: greg@resolutions-group.com.au Advertising: Alison McLeod T: +61 (0)8 9347 9400 M: +61 (0)409 986 580 E: alison@resolutions-group.com.au Publishers of: • PESA News Resources • SPE News • The AusIMM Bulletin • The Daily Review • The Oil & Gas Glossary • The Mining Glossary Corporate Support Services: • Publishing • Corporate Identity • Website Design • Website Administration Management • Multimedia, Audio and Visual Production • Advertising, Design and Media Planning All expressions of opinion in The Daily Review are published on the basis that they are not to be regarded as expressing the official views of the Publisher or APPEA, unless expressly stated. Neither the Publisher nor APPEA accepts responsibility for the accuracy of any of the opinions or information contained in The Daily Review and readers should rely upon their own enquiries in making any decisions touching upon their own interests. Loved APPEA 2011? Is The Next Boom W ESTERN AUSTRALIA IS BRACING ITSELF FOR AN ONSHORE unconventional gas revolution with all the elements lined up perfectly such as the geological knowledge, technology and markets. Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP), Executive Director, Petroleum Division, Bill Tinapple said that in WA shale and tight gas will be the big winners while CSG does not share the same outlook. A number of companies are developing or pursuing appraisals of resources in the Perth Basin where the DMP estimates, on the basis of previous drilling, there is between 9 to 12 Tcf of tight gas. The area is ideally located near the pipelines and gas markets. The Corybas tight gas field is in production in the north Perth Basin, 14 km east of Dongara, and is the first tight gas field in the State to be put on line. It was discovered in February 2005 when Corybus-1 was drilled. Low domestic gas prices prevented further development until fracture stimulations were conducted and the well produced 1.951 Mm3 of gas and 52.5 kL of condensate in its first month of production in May 2009. 10% of WA is thought to be prospective for shale gas with the Canning, Carnarvon and Perth basins the most prospective. This area is equivalent to 50% of shale gas areas in the USA,where shale gas production has been growing over the past 10–15 years. Tinapple labelled the USA’s unconventional gas progress as ‘phenomenal’ where shale gas production has risen since 2000 from 1–20% of total gas production in 2009. Fig. 1. Growth of unconventional gas in the United States. Fig. 2. Unconventional gas production in the United States is predicted to increase from 42% of total gas production in 2007 to 64% in 2020 (Modified from American Clean Skies, Summer 2008). Closer to home Queensland is planning exports of LNG from CSG to the Asian markets and may prove to be a worthy competitor for WA’s offshore projects, Tinapple said. A number of LNG projects around Port Gladstone and another at Abbot Point are hoped to be operational by 2014 and will give Queensland’s CSG industry a major boost. Until recently, the conversion of CSG into LNG proved too costly, but with the technical Unconventional? T: +61 (0)8 9347 9400 The Daily Review 3 developments and the right market factors, it is about to be realised. Back in the west, there are eight conventional gas LNG projects at various stages of conceptual design and construction, to be supplied from an offshore resource of 130 Tcf. Tinapple said that such a large conventional resource, some players are asking if unconventional gas can compete. In response he points to the continuing rise in the cost of producing gas from deep offshore waters. He suggests that if all the LNG projects under consideration in the West get up, the offshore gas resource is unlikely to be able to provide the facilities with the required feed-stock to keep running at full capacity. With the oil price not looking to be softening at any time soon, the anticipated rise in gas prices will only make the development of unconventional gas more favourable. ■ “When you consider that China is 80% dependant on coal for electricity generation and the magnitude of Australia’s gas endowment, Australia can make a major contribution in reducing global emissions”, Robinson said. “And I say global quite deliberately, this is a global problem. The design of climate change policy cannot be treated as a local problem. We must think globally but act locally. This is particularly important when we start thinking about LNG.” Australia has $88 B worth of LNG projects under construction and another $130 B under consideration. “Last year we saw more than $3.5 B spent on onshore and offshore exploration, we have seen a number of major new gas discoveries”, she said. “CSG exploration continues to expand to the extent where we are now seeing CSG gas supplying 90% of the Queensland gas market.” Many subjects will be the focus of discussions at the conference, including taxation reform, environmental controls, response to the Macondo and Montara oil spills and the Federal Government’s proposed national petroleum regulator. With a record number of delegates and so many hot topics to discuss, the heat will be felt down the end of the Terrace.■ Continued from page 1 Robinson said the report concludes that for every tonne of CO2 emissions associated with CSG to LNG production, up to 4.3 t of emissions are avoided when the gas is used in place of imported coal, by Chinese generators. It finds for the CSG to LNG project that’s exporting 10 MMt per annum to China, could avoid more than 32 MMt of global CO2 emissions each year. Over a 30 year project life of a CSG to LNG project, the project could avoid 968 MMt of carbon dioxide a year. That is almost double Australia’s total annual greenhouse gas emissions. And I think that is a number not to loose sight of. Australia’s total emissions is 500 MMt. Almost twice that would be The design of climate change policy cannot be treated as a local problem. We must think globally but act locally. This is particularly important when we start thinking about LNG. avoided just through a single 30 year LNG CSG project. That is a really good demonstration of where we are coming from in terms of carbon pricing policy. Join us for APPEA 2012 13–16 MAY 2012 Adelaide Convention Centre, South Australia Where the world meets Australian oil and gas APPEA 2012 | 13–16 MAY 4 The Daily Review Monday 11 April 2011 Monday Preview All activities listed take place at the Perth Convention and Exhibition Centre unless stated otherwise. 5:45 am–7:15 am Plan B Pedal 2:00 pm Take in some of Perth’s best cycle routes early in the morning and be back in the CBD for coffee and breakfast in time for the conference program. Ideally suited to experienced amateur cyclists. Meet at 5.45 am at the Bell Tower – Barrack Square, cnr Barrack Street and Riverside Drive. More details at www.appeaconference.com.au Concurrent Sessions 1–4 3:15 pm–5:00 pm Meet the authors Poster Presentation Area, Exhibition Hall, Perth Convention and Exhibition Centre Delegates are encouraged to take this opportunity to meet the authors of the poster presentations and discuss their displayed work. Concurrent Session 1: Petroleum Acreage Release Sponsored by: Australian Government Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism Sponsored by: BP Developments Australia Pty Ltd 2011 Offshore Petroleum Exploration Acreage Release T Constable (Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism) Organised and sponsored by: Plan B 3:45 pm Exploration In Australia 2000–2010: Reviewing A Decade Of Growth P Rheinberg (Deloitte) 7:30 am–8:20 am Presenters’ Breakfast Perth Convention and Exhibition Centre By invitation only. This is a gathering of all presenters at APPEA 2011. Concurrent Session 5: PESA Industry Review 2010 PESA Industry Review — Exploration C Lavin, T Walker and Y Knowles (Woodside Petroleum) Geological Overview Of The 2011 Offshore Acreage Release For Petroleum Exploration T Bernecker (Geoscience Australia) Sponsored by: BP Developments Australia Pty Ltd PESA 2010 Production And Development Review T Sebire (Woodside Petroleum2010 7:30 am–5:00 pm Conference Registration Main Foyer, Perth Convention and Exhibition Centre New Exploration Opportunities In The Offshore Northern Perth Basin A Jones, JM Kennard, CJ Nicholson, G Bernardel, D Mantle, E Grosjean, CJ Boreham, DC Jorgensen and D Robertson (Geoscience Australia) 8:00 am–6:00 pm 2011 APPEA Exhibition Open Exhibition Hall, Perth Convention and Exhibition Centre Sponsored by: Australian Drilling Associates Pty Ltd 8:00 am–6:00 pm 2011 APPEA Poster Presentations Open Sponsored by: BP Developments Australia Pty Ltd Australian States And Northern Territory Acreage Update At APPEA 2011 B Tinapple (WA Department of Mines and Petroleum) Plenary Session: Tomorrow’s Energy, Today Concurrent Session 2: Well Control And Monitoring Exhibition Hall, Perth Convention and Exhibition Centre 8:30 am Environmental Update T Halliday (Coffey Environments) Concurrent Session 6: Hydrates A New, Field-Proven, Cost-Effective Solution For MEG Regeneration Unit Issues In Offshore Australia Gas Production E Sanford and R Alapati (Champion Technologies) Sponsored by: BHP Billiton Petroleum and Clough Ltd Western Australia State Government Address Hon Colin Barnett MEc MLA, Premier of Western Australia Cost Reduction Of Subsea Gas Production Systems Using Emerging Hydrate Remediation Technology H Sheil, P Young (Peritus International Pty Ltd) and M Richardson (Poyry Pty Ltd) Kick Detection And Well Control In A Closed Wellbore S Nas (Weatherford Solutions) Australian Government Address Hon Martin Ferguson AM MP, Australian Federal Minister for Resources and Energy Four-Well Comparison In Papua New Guinea: High-Risk, High-Angle Wells Demonstrate Extended Wellbore Stability And Faster Drilling Time With Inhibitive High-Performance Water-Based Fluid A Florence (Haliburton), M Dow, G Shieh (Oil Search Ltd) and JV Babu (Haliburton) APPEA Chairman’s Address Eric Streitberg, Executive Director, Buru Energy Ltd 10:15 am Design And Selection Of Corrosion Inhibitors For Use In Subsea Facilities Supplied By MEG Regeneration Systems M Charlesworth, S Mancuso and T Shorthouse (Baker Hughes) Advanced Wireless Telemetry System For Real-Time Surface Readout During Drill Stem Testing S Sidek, WH Thai (Petronas), S Marimuthu, SVenugopal and J Haddad and K Fink (Halliburton) Conference Opening Ceremony Address To The Industry His Excellency, Jeffrey L Bleich, US Ambassador to Australia Concurrent Session 3: Legal And Commercial Morning Tea In The Exhibition Hall Dispute Review Boards: Expensive Or Priceless? J McVeigh and K Walters (Minter Ellison) Concurrent Session 7: Environment Monitoring For Introduced Marine Pests For The Gorgon LNG Project FE Wells (URS Australia) Balancing Environmental, Societal And Energy Production Issues RC Haut (Houston Advanced Research Center), T Williams (Nautilus), G Theodori(Sam Houston State University) and J Slutz (Global Energy Strategies) Sponsored by: Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd 11:00 am Liability In Oil And Gas: What Happened In The Case Of Deepwater Horizon? L McClurg (Piper Alderman) Plenary Session: Where Are We Heading? Sponsored by: Deloitte LLP What Do The Numbers Say? Global Statistics And Trends — Implications For Will The Deep Sea Benefit From The Addition Of Artificial Habitat Through The Rigs-To-Reef Program? D Booth (University of Technology, Sydney and SEASERPENT program), P Macreadie and A Fowler Tax Issues Impacting Acquisitions In The Oil And Gas Industry C Dixon (Ernst & Young) Australian Oil And Gas (University of Technology, Sydney) Dr Christof Rühl, Group Chief Economist, BP Plc Confidentiality — Conditions, Compliance And Consequences J King and A Gibbs (DMAW Lawyers) The World Turned Upside Down: The Energy Of Geopolitics — Today And Tomorrow Dr Joseph A Stanislaw, Independent Senior Advisor, Energy & Sustainability, Deloitte LLP Can The Asia Pacific Market Accommodate Australia’s LNG Projects? J Harris (IHS CERA) Production System Analysis For Woollybutt Mature Oil Field Using Dynamic Simulation R Yokote, V Donagemma (Eni Australia) and JC Mantecon (SPT Group) Price Review Mechanisms In A Global Market D Thomas and C Douglas (Minter Ellison) Asia’s Energy Future: The Evolution Of Asia’s Gas Markets And What It Means For Producers Matthew Rogers, Former US Administration Official and Energy Director, McKinsey & Company Floating Early Production Systems H Marcollo and C Carra (AMOG Consulting) Networking Lunch In The Exhibition Hall All delegates are invited to enjoy lunch in the exhibition hall whilst perusing stands and poster presentations. Barrow Island Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) Polymer Pilot Part Two: Progress And Way Forward D León, J Scott, S Saul, L Hartanto, S Gardner, P Costelloe, E Santoso, W Widjanarko, P Welton (Chevron Australia Pty Ltd) and A Fletcher (Parr Systems Pty Ltd) 3:15pm APPEA Members’ Lunch – Invitation Only Perth Convention and Exhibition Centre Sponsored by: Momentum Partners Sponsored by: Griffith Hack Sponsored by: Hess Corporation 12:30 pm Concurrent Session 8: Gas Markets Concurrent Session 4: Production Technologies Reflections Of A Departing CEO: The Future Of Australia’s LNG Industry Don Voelte, Managing Director and CEO, Woodside Energy Ltd 12:30 pm Concurrent Sessions 5–8 Review of Australia’s unconventional plays C McMahon (Wood Mackenzie) From State To Market And Back: The Role Of The Public Sector In The Energy Markets – The European Experience K Talus (UCL School of Energy and Resources) 5:00 pm–6:00 pm Happy Hour In The Exhibition Hall Sponsored by: CGGVeritas A superb networking opportunity at the end of the conference day and an ideal time to relax with industry colleagues. Afternoon Tea In The Exhibition Hall Sponsored by: Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd Sponsored by: BHP Billiton Petroleum and Clough Ltd 6:00 pm Evening Free Delegates are free to enjoy the delights of Perth and the companies are encouraged to use this evening to host clients at individual events around the city. Monday 11 April 2011 The Daily Review 5 International Interest in APPEA T HE APPEA CONFERENCE HAS ATTRACTED A NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES THAT ARE IN PERTH AT THE MOMENT - AND THEY ARE HERE TO SHOP, LOOKING AROUND TO SEE WHAT THEY CAN FARM INTO, ACCORDING TO DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND PETROLEUM, EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, BILL TINAPPLE. Tinapple has recently returned from NAPE in North America and Aberdeen, where he said there was much interest in Western Australia. Based on their discussions there are 10 to 12 international companies interested in looking at opportunities in Western Australia. “We’ve got one company here right now. It’s the Brazilian onshore operator, Petra Energia, and they’re pretty excited about WA”, Tinapple said. “Onshore is their main target which is encouraging for us. They are the largest onshore holder of acreage in Brazil. “They were either very clever or very lucky in that they went into the Brazilian onshore when the acreage wasn’t very popular, about five years ago, and they tied up a lot of acreage when it was cheap. Then some big players came in to adjacent blocks and they got some discoveries- now Petra Energia is looking to be very much in the clover. “Now they want to expand overseas, so they’re looking at frontier basins here in Australia as well as in other countries.” ■ Bill Tinapple CSIRO Rock Properties Laboratories Conducting petrophysics, rock mechanics and rock physics research and commercial services for the oil and gas industry We have world-class facilities and services or rock properties testing Petrophysics Rock Mechanics ŸCT scanning, SEM-EDS, XRD ŸCore flooding, porosity/permeability ŸNuclear Magnetic Resonance ŸElectrical properties from mHz to GHz ŸImpedance and dielectric spectroscopy ŸDesaturation/saturation experiments ŸTriaxial tests ŸUltrasonic velocity ŸAnisotropy ŸPore compressibility ŸBorehole collapse tests ŸSidewall core testing ŸHPHT tests ŸAcoustic emissions ŸUp to 300 MPa cell pressure ŸRoom temperature to 200˚C ŸDry-wet conditions Research projects Applications We conduct research that directly supports industry. Current projects include: Rock properties are critical for evaluation of: ŸSaturation and recovery ŸReservoir performance ŸSeal capacity ŸWettability ŸWellbore stability ŸReservoir compaction ŸTop and fault seal integrity ŸInjection/depletion ŸSHARC Consortium – links between geomechanics, rock physics and petrophysics in shales ŸRock physics response to stress and saturation, especially with respect to 4D seismic problems ŸMultiphysics rock characterisation ŸRock imaging and elastic property estimation ŸIron-sulfides petrophysics ŸShale Research Centre ŸShale gas Contact: Petrophysics Dr Ben Clennell Phone: +61 8 6436 8599 Email: ben.clennell@csiro.au Web: www.csiro.au/resources/Rock-mechanics-testing ŸFault reactivation Ÿ4D seismic feasibility ŸCO2 storage ŸShale gas Rock Mechanics Dr Dave Dewhurst Phone: +61 8 6436 8750 Email: david.dewhurst@csiro.au www.csiro.au/science/ShaleResearchCentre.html ESREa001-11 6 The Daily Review Monday 11 April 2011 Welcome To Perth Image courtesy of Perth Convention Bureau. A PPEA CANDIDATES, WELCOME TO THE SUBLIME, SUNNY AND STUNNING CITY OF Perth. You are in for a treat, scoring a trip to the lovely Perth. But if you are a candidate who lives here... please play down how great Perth is … we like to keep it under wraps. However, once the visiting candidates do venture outside the secret will not remain for long. Perth has something for everyone, old or young, big or small, male or female, including food, fun and festivities. So if you get thirsty or hungry after the hard yakka of APPEA, mosey on down to the bars in the busy Perth centre, or walk for about 15 minutes and let the bustling Northbridge envelop you where you can also delight your ears and pop into The Ellington Jazz Club. Want something a little bit more classier try Subiaco or the funky bars in Leederville, which will keep you grooving. Why not check out Fremantle where Mojo’s Bar will entertain the musically inclined with some indie tunes. You are probably a very serious industry member with lots of responsibilities and many important e-mails to answer but luckily due to the leaps and bounds in the technology world you can do that from the bar. It’s called multitasking! Just Do It’, as the advert suggests. Sadly, Perth is unlike the city that never sleeps and your eating and drinking opportunities are limited, so make sure to get in early. As for Monday nights, definitely ring ahead as many restaurants don’t believe in eating out seven days a week. If you are not interested in anything else other than alcohol and food (shame on you) then you can probably stop reading now. For others who might be planning to fit in a few excursions, or take a short break after the conference … please read on. There are plenty of delightful things on the tourist trail … literally on your door step is the beautiful Swan river: you can walk or cycle along it; head east by boat towards the local wineries or head west towards Fremantle and the mighty Indian Ocean. If this is a little too much, just relax on one of the many grassy banks, take a walk down to Barrack Street Jetty to visit the Bell Tower and or the Lucky Shag. How about checking out a giant rat-like animal called a quokka, to be found on Rottnest Island, which is just a short boat trip from the port of Fremantle or Perth. Oh yeah, the island is nice too. You can’t take your car, but you can cycle as much as you like – there are plenty of bike hire shops in Fremantle and on the island. There’s also the always-splendid Kings Park on the edge of the City and overlooking the convention centre. It’s lusciously populated with tall trees and native bush which should provide enough shade to wander around without slip, slop and slapping. (Disclaimer: We don’t want to get sued so why not slip, slop and slap anyway?). Go for an early morning walk, run or bike ride and look out for the Zamia Cafe – well hidden, but well worth the hunt. Get lost in Fremantle. Actually on second thoughts, that might difficult to do seeing as Fremantle is probably a wee bit smaller than most cities delegates are used to. But how about ‘try’ to get lost. Already mentioned for its live music scene and great bars, there is also great architecture to enjoy and the ‘Fremantle vibe’ is really infectious (hopefully, not the type requiring antibiotics). While there why not venture into the Fremantle Prison, and no, not for any kind of misconduct or punishment, but to explore the prison from a historic point of view. There are day and night tours, described by some as scary and screamingly scary! After a visit of moderation to Fremantle, perhaps combined with a modicum of exercise, you will feel relaxed and ready to roar, not snore, for the next day of presentations at APPEA. And please, please, please do not forget the lovely beaches that WA has to offer. There really are too many to visit them all, but here are a few worth a look: Scarborough, Trigg, Cottesloe and City Beach. Do watch out for things with fins lurking in the water. After the beach why not indulge in a bit of retail therapy? However (according to one of our female journos) if you are a man, then the pub or Bunnings is probably where you will most want to go. Perth has a recent addition of Gucci and Louis Vuitton and Tiffany & Co on Kings Street in the city. So do venture out and have a squiz, especially if you are trying to get into your missus’s good books again. You can pick her up something special and she will not be able to hold a grudge for too much longer. Now we are done with fine shopping talk we can now progress on to all things MANLY like sport. Welcome to the home of AFL. You will be forced to pick a team while here, Dockers or Eagles, seeing as the football season is already in full swing. If you didn’t know Perth is also the home of the Glory Soccer Team. Moving on from the female journo’s perspective on sport, the Perth area has some great cycle ways and Challenge Stadium (just a short bike ride from the city) has three Olympic size swimming pools. Did said female journo also forget to mention that WA has some of the world’s better surf beaches? Also in the centre of the city, you can rock climb and box – but please refrain from doing these on our streets! ■ Brian Wickins and Julia Kogan, RESolutions Resource & Energy Services. Image courtesy of Perth Convention Bureau. Monday 11 April 2011 The Daily Review 7 WA’s Onshore Industry In A Bind W ESTERN AUSTRALIA'S ONSHORE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY is facing rig availability issues and may be destined for a crisis if companies and government can't work together to address the problem. Currently WA only has one deep capacity drilling rig, the Weatherford 826, but the state has commitments for 92 wells over the next three years which would keep four rigs busy. The WA Department of Mines and Petroleum (DMP) has been working with oil and gas companies to determine what the companies need, when they need it, and when they'll be able to fund their programs so the department can go to service providers and broker a deal for a rig. DMP Director of Petroleum and Environment Bill Tinapple said there are a lot of rigs being built and packaged up with modern equipment that could be modified to comply with Australian standards and mobilised here, but it's a matter of finding a common ground between the companies on when and what type of rig is needed. With the Weatherford 826 being contracted to QGC for its Queensland drilling commitments at the end of 2011, the WA sector is nervous about what will happen to its multi-billion dollar industry. After recent talks the department and about seven companies agreed on contracting a rig to be mobilised here by the end of the year or early 2012. Tinapple said the target now is to get one or two rigs here asap. “We've got two different packages, ones more of a light, mobile rig and the other a deeper, but more difficult rig to move”, he said. “We would like to have both types of rigs but we don't know what we're going to be offered from the contractors. They may have a rig that can drill very deep that's still mobile.” The department is looking for rig contractors worldwide and has already had some interest from almost a dozen companies from the US, Canada and Australia. Tinapple said the Australian regulations for onshore rigs are a factor that needs to be taken into account when selecting a rig contractor because it is an added cost that has to be paid. “It will take $4 or $5 MM to get a rig here, and 12 months of contracts”, he said. “The service providers won't mobilise a rig without having some contracts to back them up.” The department is waiting on operators to raise capital by having big production successes, Tinapple said. The only really substantial success the state has had over the past year is at Empire's Red Gully. But Tinapple said that if the state gets successes from shale gas wells, like Latent's Warro-4 which will be drilled in May, then it will really Macondo And Montara Reviewed C OFFEY ENVIRONMENTS PRINCIPAL, TARA HALLIDAY, WILL PRESENT '2010 Environmental Update' at the PESA Industry Review, Session 5, today at 3.45 pm. The presentation reviews legislation and regulations for environmental approvals and management. It will summarise major projects and their environmental management and implications. It reviews the findings of enquiries into the Macondo and Montara well blow-outs and their implications for future oil and gas exploration and identifies future opportunities and collaborations for environmental research and management initiated by industry. ■ WA Resources Industry: Backbone Of Australia’s Exports W ESTERN AUSTRALIA’S PETROLEUM INDUSTRY, THE STATE’S SECOND BIGGEST RESOURCE SECTOR, REACHED A RECORD REVENUE HIGH OF $22.9 B OF ITS $91.6 B RESOURCES TOTAL AS OF 2010, ACCORDING TO THE WA DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND PETROLEUM (DMP). These figures include crude oil, condensate LNG, natural gas, LPG butane and propane, which accounted for 25% of the total resource sales last year, increasing its value by 36% from 2009. “Iron ore, petroleum, and gold continue to drive strong economic growth in WA and together account for 87% or $79 B of all mineral and petroleum sales in 2010”, WA Mines and Petroleum Minister, Norman Moore, said. “Continued growth in demand from major trading partners including China, Japan and the Republic of Korea pushed export earnings from the state’s resources sector to record levels despite a strong appreciation in the Australian dollar.” As a result of increased volumes and higher commodity prices, 2010 mineral and petroleum exports accounted for 91% of the state’s total merchandise export earnings. “Due to our state’s rapidly expanding resources sector, export earnings reached an impressive $100 B for the first time”, Moore said. “WA’s resources industry is expected to grow strongly in 2011 and beyond, with more than $250 B earmarked for development and expansions in major mining and petroleum projects.” ■ encourage companies to raise the capital they need to advance the department's initiative of bringing at least one rig to WA by the end of 2011. In the worst case scenario where companies and the department can't reach an agreement on a rig contract, Tinapple said that individual companies (or clubs) may have to bring in equipment themselves. “However, the most likely impact is that companies will claim 'force majeure' and apply for deferrals of work commitments”, he said. “DMP would have to appraise these on their individual merits but could cancel titles for non-performance.” But the department doesn't believe the industry will have to go into crisis mode and is adamant that WA will have an onshore drilling rig mobilised here before next year as planned. ■ Weatherford 826 rig. Image courtesy of Latent Petroleum. 8 The Daily Review Monday 11 April 2011 Excitement For Aussie Veteran ExxonMobil, Australia’s oldest petroleum company, is still a fast-moving and exciting innovator. What does your position entail as chairman on a day to day basis? ExxonMobil is a large company, and we operate in many countries around the world. Globally, we have a functional structure. In Australia, my primary responsibility is managing our production business, providing oversight of these operations – our Bass Strait oil and gas fields which have been producing for over 40 years – to ensure it is operating effectively and efficiently. I also have the role of Chairman of all the ExxonMobil businesses in Australia. In this position I make sure the company is effectively represented to all our external and internal stakeholders, including government, business leaders and our employees. I also ensure that all the parts of our business – including exploration, development, production, refining and supply – are working coherently to meet our business goals. All these businesses must adhere to standards and procedures so that the company is successfully managed. How did you become Chairman and what do you hope to achieve in this role? I was working in London as the UK-Netherlands Joint Interest Manager for ExxonMobil International Limited and when I was asked to take on this role I couldn’t refuse. At that time I’d been out of Australia for eight of the 10 previous years so I considered it a great opportunity to come home and be with family. This is where I started my career with ExxonMobil so it’s nice to be back in the country where I’ve spent two-thirds of my working life. We have a very strong business here in Australia, so when I took on the role of Chairman, my main goal was to maintain this, but also look for ways to grow the business further. I want to be able to take advantage of all the opportunities placed in front of the company and utilise all the company’s technical, financial and commercial capabilities. What projects is the company involved with and how are they going? The Kipper Tuna Turrum project is currently being developed in Bass Strait and we have made significant progress. This year is a big year for the project – most of the offshore equipment is already fabricated and will be installed in 2011. This project involves the development of both subsea equipment and a new platform, Marlin B, which will be linked by a bridge to the existing Marlin A platform. This project will develop cleaner-burning natural gas supplies to help secure Victoria’s energy future, and holds enough energy to power a city of a million people for 35 years. Over in the west, we are a 25% foundation partner in the iconic Gorgon project which is developing the Greater Gorgon gas fields located some 130 km off the WA coast. This is a fast-moving project, construction began on Barrow Island just over a year ago and much work has already been done on preparing the site for the LNG plant, building accommodation, and getting ready for drilling. Already some $10 billion has been committed to Australian companies across the country and the total spend arising from the Gorgon Project is expected to reach $20 billion during the five year construction period. Also in WA , we are a joint venture partner with BHP Billiton in the Scarborough project. We are currently in the concept select stage of development. What does the company’s future look like? The company here in Australia has a very strong future. Our operations in Bass Strait have been producing for over 40 years and there’s significant oil and gas resources still to be produced in the Gippsland Basin. In 2001 we commissioned the largest 3D survey ever recorded in Bass Strait. We threw a 3,900 km² seismic blanket over our northern oil and gas fields, which brought a massive flow of information into our dataset, and resulted in a series of successful field drilling programs. We’re still taking full advantage of this data and will continue to do so to find further resources. As I’ve also just mentioned, we are currently involved in some of the largest oil and gas projects in Australia and these all have a longterm outlook – these are resources that will continue to produce for the next several decades in some cases. What is the most important technological advancement you have seen or experienced in your career? Where to start! This industry is renowned for innovation and introducing new technologies to meet ever-increasing challenges. Drilling technology advances just keep extending the viable depths and distances that can be reached, as well as cutting the time involved. Wells longer than 11 km are not exactly routine but they are viable today. I can imagine 40 years from now, someone looking back and saying: “11 km? We did that easily.” But perhaps the most significant change has been the deployment of computing and communication capabilities enabling advances in geoscience, engineering and commercial applications. And that means that we can now process information faster and more accurately. I’m always astounded by the possibilities of science and how people put ideas into practice. What makes the company successful? We’ve been operating in Australia for over 100 years – we’re the country’s oldest petroleum company, operating since 1895 through both our upstream and downstream businesses. But what’s made us so successful for over a century? Our experience – and that comes down to the people who work for us. We have some of the most experienced oil and gas engineers in Australia and, indeed, in the world. Our people are constantly selected for ExxonMobil assignments all around the world because of their talent. And then they return to Australia to share that experience and what they’ve learned, which ensures that we are constantly using best practices and employing the latest technologies. We also hire the best engineers through our graduate recruitment programs, and these young people bring with them fresh ideas and enthusiasm to the job they do. Where did your interest in engineering come from? I’ve always been interested and fascinated by mathematics – it was one of my best subjects at school so it was a natural progression for me to start a Bachelor of Engineering after finishing high school. It wasn’t until the third year of my degree that I actually realised electrical engineering had a practical application to humanity and how we live. I recall realising this after I’d made a digital clock as part of an assignment. The outcomes of engineering enhance people’s lifestyles and solve problems. It creates things that we use each day and take for granted – whether that’s a piece of furniture, a bridge or the gas that comes out of your stove to cook your dinner each night. During university, I took a vacation job with an oil and gas services company in the jungles of Kalimantan in Indonesia. It was there that I got really interested in oil and gas and realised the sheer scale of the industry and the impact that energy has on the lives of people every day. As an engineer, I found that incredibly stimulating, and later pursued a career in the area. What is the greatest challenge facing the industry? As a company, we always take a long term view. And our recently published Outlook for Energy shows that global demand for energy is expected to increase by about 35% by 2030, as compared to 2005. This significant, long-term increase in global energy needs is perhaps the most important reality our industry faces. It’s not a matter of whether we meet this demand using oil, gas, coal, wind or solar – to fuel the world, we need them all. One of the real challenges associated with this is how we can ExxonMobil Australia Chairman John Dashwood at his Melbourne based office. meet this demand in economic, efficient and environmentally responsible ways. As we in the industry already know, this is no easy task, and will require a combination of enormous financial capital, technological ingenuity, engineering skills and management expertise. What are the trends in the industry? Five years ago in Australia unconventional gas projects were talked about a lot but nothing had been developed. Last year alone three or four unconventional projects took FID, including the world’s first CSG-to-LNG project. For an industry that’s primarily been Victoria and WA-based we’re now seeing many projects up the eastern coast, with more planned. This means there are gas projects in communities which typically have had no history or experience of these, so a lot of community consultation and education will be required. And vice versa, industry needs to learn about the issues facing the communities in which we operate. Within ExxonMobil we announced the acquisition of XTO in the United States in late 2009, which will enhance our position in the development of unconventional natural gas and oil resources. The other trend that springs to mind is the ever-increasing speed of the introduction of new technologies. Over the years we’ve seen so many innovations, and I couldn’t even begin to predict what will come next. One of the exciting research projects that ExxonMobil is working on is developing biofuels from algae. With our joint venture partner Synthetic Genomics Inc we’re exploring whether algae can be a viable source of renewable fuels. Who would have thought this was possible 20 or 30 years ago? It’s so exciting to think what kinds of technology we’ll be creating and using in another decade. What are your career highlights and your proudest moment? I’ve had many highlights and most of them revolve around the sense of achievement that you feel when something is completed, whether that’s a negotiation of an agreement between several parties or reaching a milestone in a project. I’ve also learned a lot over the years and have always found ways to use that knowledge to improve future projects. By far my proudest moment would be being present at the birth of my two daughters, and watching them grow up and turn into young, independent women. I learn a lot from them every day. Children have a way of opening your mind and removing boundaries that can constrain novel approaches to issues. What advice would you give to graduates? Keep an open mind, in every sense: culturally, in terms of the career paths available, when dealing with people. Don’t set boundaries as to what’s achievable because you’ll only limit yourself – there is so much that can be achieved through engineering, providing energy to the world and the application of your personal efforts. What do you enjoy doing outside of work and how important is it to have a worklife balance? Spending time with my family is always my number one choice and as a family we do a lot of activities together. I also enjoy (trying to!) keep fit. Leisure time is important – it keeps my health and sanity intact! I always make an effort to keep weekends as free as possible to spend time with my family, and I always take my annual leave – taking time off work for a breather is so important to ‘recharge the batteries’. ■ Monday 11 April 2011 The Daily Review 9 Wheatstone Project – The Hub Of The Future T HE CHEVRON OPERATED WHEATSTONE PROJECT IS THE FIRST LNG HUB IN AUSTRALIA TO secure third party gas. Chevron’s Wheatstone project has gained momentum with the signing of two joint venture participants – Apache Julimar Pty Ltd, KUFPEC Australia (Julimar) Pty Ltd, Chevron and several customers have signed initial agreements committing to the sale of more than 80% of the project’s first stage gas supply. Chevron envisages that the project, which entered FEED phase in 2009, is set to be one of Australia’s largest resource projects, offering significant benefits including an estimated 6500 direct and indirect jobs, $20 B in income for Australia through government revenues and local business opportunities for generations of Australians. Chevron is developing the Wheatstone project as a greenfield LNG and domestic gas project to be located at Ashburton North, 12 km west of Onslow in Western Australia’s Pilbara region. The facility will have the potential to produce 25 MMt of LNG per year. With increased gas resources assessed in the Wheatstone field from the sub-surface appraisal work, the two-train foundation project for the Wheatstone LNG plant capacity has been increased to 8.9 MMtpa. The Wheatstone Foundation project working interest has now been agreed by all the participants to align the respective gas resources with the LNG plant capacity, as part of the process of finalising the Joint Operating Agreements. Chevron will have 80% of the plant capacity, Apache will have 13% and KUFPEC will have 7%. “Apache and KUFPEC bring additional gas, economies of scale and more momentum to the Wheatstone project”, said Chevron Australia’s Managing Director, Roy Krzywosinski said. “During the first 30 years of the Wheatstone two-train foundation development, it is estimated there will be government revenues of around $20 B and more than $15 B is expected to flow to Australian businesses.” FID on the project is expected in the second half of 2011, once environmental and other associated agreements are finalised with various levels of government. ■ Gorgon Celebrates First Year Wheatstone project site. Common User Facility Chevron’s Gorgon project underway. T HE CHEVRON-OPERATED GORGON PROJECT HAS MOVED FORWARD IN GREAT LEAPS SINCE construction began. The Gorgon project – a Joint Venture involving Chevron, Exxon Mobil, Shell, Osaka Gas, Tokyo Gas and Chubu Electric Power Company – started construction on the ground just over one year ago and has already created more than 4000 jobs, moved 186 t of freight and committed more than $10 B to local businesses. Chevron Australia Managing Director Roy Krzywosinski said significant construction milestones had been reached over the past year and the project remained on schedule for first gas in 2014. Work at Barrow Island continues to focus on accommodation, site preparation and logistics activities. Dredging work off Barrow continues to progress ahead of schedule with more than half the work completed. Work on the horizontal directionally drilled shore crossing site is progressing with the conductor pipes installed; site works are nearly completed and heavy drilling equipment is moving into place prior to spudding. Chevron is expecting the arrival of the Atwood Osprey drilling rig in April, before commencing operations offshore northwest Australia. Since construction started, Chevron and JV participants have: • Received international recognition for the CO2 injection project; • Shipped 186,000 t of freight to Barrow Island; • Sent 1300 truckloads of material to Dampier; • Flown 38000 people to Barrow Island; • Mobilised 85 marine vessels; • Added 1550 beds to the accommodation facilities on the island; • Inducted 5000 people; and • Trained more than 8,000 people in the quarantine awareness program. ■ Government of Western Australia Department of Commerce For more information contact: AMC Management (WA) Pty Ltd Richard Clark or Jonathan Smith Tele +61 8 9437 0500 Fax: +61 8 9437 0555 www.australianmarinecomplex.com.au info@amccuf.com.au 10 The Daily Review Monday 11 April 2011 The Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Introduction R ECENT OIL SPILL INCIDENTS HAVE CAUSED STAKEHOLDERS TO QUERY THE APPROPRIATENESS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION OF THE OFFSHORE PETROLEUM INDUSTRY. A paper presented by Minter Ellison’s Simon Ball will outline the current laws which regulate the offshore petroleum industry from an environmental perspective, consider the findings and recommendations of the Montara Commission of Inquiry, and compare existing and recommended regimes against what’s considered to be best practice environmental regulation. Environmental Plans Under The Environmental Regulations Prior to commencing any petroleum activity the operator must submit an Environment Plan to the Designated Authority for approval. The document must contain information about monitoring and reporting protocols, and an oil spill contingency plan including emergency response arrangements regarding the particular activity. The Designated Authority approves the Environment Plan when it feels the operator has demonstrated that the environmental impacts and risks will be at an acceptable level and complies with the OPGGS Act. A plan may pertain to a particular stage of the proposed activity instead of the entire activity, or be submitted before the commencement of any new activity, or any significant modification, change, or new stage of an existing activity not provided for in an Environment Plan then in force. Environment Plans require regular review and updating and must be revised and resubmitted for approval at the end of five years from the date of the most recent acceptance. It’s a civil offence to undertake a petroleum activity without an approved Environment Plan or carry on an activity contrary to the approved Environment Plan, or breach the Environment Regulations which may ultimately lead to cancellation of the associated petroleum title. Unless provided for in the current Environment Plan, it is an offence for the operator to carry out any activity that may cause any significant new environmental impact, risk or increase an existing environmental impact or risk. Each of the above are strict liability offences and may incur a fine of up to $8800 per day ($44,000 for a body corporate) for each day the offence continues. Other offences include discharging ‘produced formation water’ exceeding 30 mg/L during any period of 24 hours into the sea as a result of operations. This is a strict liability offence and may give rise to a fine of up to $4400 ($22,000 for a body corporate). This is not an offence if the operator has the prior written consent to do so. of an activity that doesn’t have the required approvals under the EPBC Act. Pollution Legislation There is no single legislative regime dealing with the protection of the marine environment around Current Environmental Regulation There are two primary acts regulating offshore petroleum activities: 1. OffshorePetroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act 2006 (OPGGS Act), and in particular the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Environment) Regulations 2009 (Cth) made under it, and 2. the Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth). The Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Environment) Regulations 2009 (Cth) (Environment Regulations) applies to the conduct of petroleum activities which may have an impact on the environment. These include all operations and works in an adjacent area that are carried out under a petroleum instrument and any activity relating to petroleum exploration or development (including the conduct of seismic and other surveys). The Environment Regulations require a title holder to ensure that there is an operator responsible for the overall management and operation of the activity at all times. Environmental Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (Cth) (EPBC Act) The EPBC Act gives direct effect to some of Australia’s international environmental obligations in areas of national environmental significance. The Federal Government’s involvement in the environmental assessment and approval process is triggered by projects or activities likely to significantly impact on matters of national environmental significance listed in that Act. Specifically, it is an offence under the EPBC Act to take any action in a Commonwealth marine area that has, will have or is likely to have a significant impact on the environment. A person must not take a ‘controlled action’ unless they have received approval. Without approval, the proponent, if a corporation, may face fines of up to A$5.5 MM or its directors may face up to seven years’ imprisonment. In addition, various declarations or injunctions can be sought by third parties to prevent the carrying out Australia. Instead there is an array of pollution legislation aimed at preventing and/or reducing the impact of pollution offshore. • Relevant legislation includes the: Protection of the Sea (Prevention of Pollution from Ships) Act 1983 (Cth) • Environment Protection (Sea Dumping) Act 1981 (Cth) • Protection of the Sea (Powers of Intervention) Act 1981 (Cth) • Protection of the Sea (Civil Liability) Act 1981 (Cth) • Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims Act 1989 (Cth) Findings And Recommendations Of The Montara Commission Of Inquiry The report of the Montara Commission of Inquiry (Montara Report) was released to the public on 24 November 2010. At the same time the Government released its Draft Government Response (Draft Response) which accepts 92 of the 105 recommendations, notes 10 and rejects three. The following outline those recommendations that affect the regulation of environmental impact. Single Regulator To Take Responsibility For Safety, Integrity Of Oil Wells, OH&S And Environmental Standards The Government has committed to establishing a single national regulator for offshore petroleum activities by January 2012. To do this, it will expand NOPSA’s functions to include regulation of structural integrity, environment plans and day-to-day operations. The new body is to be named the National Offshore Petroleum Safety and Environmental Management Authority (NOPSEMA). The report recommends the separation of allocation and management of resource titles from the regulation of safety, environment and well integrity. The Government has proposed a National Offshore Petroleum Titles Administrator (NOPTA) to advise the Joint Authority on title decisions, administer titles and data relating to offshore petroleum activities in Commonwealth waters. Amendments To Environmental Approval Conditions The Montara Report recommends applying more stringent conditions for approvals of prospective and existing operations, including: (a) Polluter pays principle remediation obligations: The report recommends that the cost of responding to an oil spill be totally met by the owner operator of a facility. The Draft Response supports this change. This will be applied to both prospective and existing operations in Commonwealth waters. Requirements for environmental remediation in the event of an incident will be included as conditions of approval under the EPBC Act. The Government notes that the OPGGS Act requires petroleum titleholders to have adequate insurance cover to meet the costs of remediation of environmental damage. (b) Monitoring obligations: The report recommended that scientific monitoring obligations be required in conditions of approval for future projects. The Government has accepted this change, as well as the Report’s recommendation that the Commonwealth Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPC) develop ‘off the shelf’ monitoring programs that can be quickly implemented following incidents in Commonwealth waters The Long Term Scientific Monitoring Programme agreed to by PTTEPAA will continue to be managed by DSEWPC, and lessons learned from this plan will inform future development of ‘off the shelf’ monitoring plans. What Characteristics Do Best Practice Environmental Regulation Have? The following are characteristics of modern best practice environmental regulation: (a) the necessity to undertake an environmental impact assessment of all impacts of a project before it can commence; (b) public participation in the environmental impact assessment process; (c) ability for third parties to enforce compliance with approvals and legislative requirements; (d) strict liability offences; (e) simple, clear legislation that can be understood and applied by all stakeholders; (f) a regulator solely focused on environmental regulation and separate from any authority which administers other administrative issues such as the granting of licences to mine or explore; (g) personal liability for directors and managers in the event of offences; and (h) significant penalties, including jail. Comparison Of Existing And Recommended Regime With The Characteristics Of Best Practice Environmental Regulation The EPBC Act is a modern legislative regime in respect of environmental regulation. It has most of the characteristics of best practice environmental regulation. The primary issue in respect of the EPBC Act is that it does not apply to all offshore petroleum activities and often will not result in an assessment of all of the impacts of the activity, just those related to the matters of national environmental significance that have triggered the need for an approval under the EPBC Act. This then results in the Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage (Environment) Regulations 2009 often being the primary legislative regime for assessing and addressing the environmental impacts of some offshore petroleum activities. This legislation does not reflect the characteristics of best practice environmental regulation. In particular it does not provide for: (a) public participation in the assessment process; (b) a regulator solely focused on environmental regulation and separate from any authority which administers titling issues; (c) personal liability for directors and managers in the event of offences; (d) sufficient significant sanctions for breaches; and (e) the ability for third parties to enforce compliance. In respect of the EPBC Act it is, depending on the location of Continued on page 12 Monday 11 April 2011 The Daily Review 11 The AMC CUF Floating Dock Supporting North West Shelf Projects W ITHIN WEEKS OF THE FLOATING DOCK LAUNCH, THE LATEST major asset to be provided by the West Australian Government for common use was in action. Built to handle commercial and military vessels, the dock has been busy providing open access to operators, owners and maintainers to undertake their repair and maintenance activities either on the dock or transferred to the hardstand on self-propelled trailers. The high number of vessels operating in the North West Shelf are now able to call on the facilities available at the Australian Marine Complex Common User Facility (AMC CUF) for their maintenance activities, whether they’re afloat or docked. The dock measures 99 m by 44 m between the walls, and up to 11.2 m over the deck can lift a vessel up to 12,000 tonnes. Smaller vessels up to 4,500 tonnes can also be moved off the dock on self Propelled Modular Transporters onto the adjacent serviced hardstand for longer periods of refit and repair. The AMC CUF has become the entry point for marine activities on the west coast. The facility has the capacity to undertake shipbuilding, ship module building, refitting and maintenance on the full range of vessels operating off WA. Local industry benefits from the openaccess regime at the facility which supports the growth of Australian participation in major projects. ■ Who is building the world’s largest CPF? Who is providing the world’s best with the world’s biggest challenge? Who is offering you the chance to achieve something extraordinary? See us at APPEA. www.inpexcareers.com.au 12 The Daily Review Monday 11 April 2011 Energy Crisis Post-tsunami: Geothermal Offers Base Load Alternative Gareth T. Cooper, Hot Dry Rocks Japan’s conventional energy constraint opens unconventional doors Japan is the third largest user of energy in the world, but is only 16% self-sufficient according to the Energy Information Agency of the Japanese Department of Energy. It is the world’s third largest consumer and net importer of crude oil (46% of energy consumption) with Saudi Arabia providing the lion’s share of that oil. In 2008 Japan had an installed electricity capacity of 281,000 MWe, or about six times that of Australia. The vast majority of that electricity (63%) is sourced from conventional thermal generators (coal and gas fired), with 27% provided by nuclear sources (Figure 1). Of the 2% of electricity produced by renewable sources, just over 535 MWe is produced by volcanic geothermal sources from 20 power plants across Japan (Sugino and Akeno, 2010). However the relatively small amount of geothermal electricity production in Japan does not reflect the overall geothermal potential of the country, moreso it is a reflection of a traditional conflict between cultural and religious uses of hot springs versus their energy utilisation potential. This dichotomy of abundant renewable energy potential within a sea of constrained conventional energy reliance is not unique to Japan. Most continental land masses have regions of elevated crustal heat flow which may make them attractive for Engineered Geothermal System (EGS) development. This is particularly true in places proximal to the volcanic arcs, such as Japan and the Philippines, where regions outside the scope of direct volcanic expression may still have elevated heat flow. The energy potential of these geothermal provinces has been previously over-looked due to conventional thinking about reservoir constraints or, in the case of Japan, due to cultural conflicts. However, in these places the artificial stimulation of fracture networks, characteristic of oil-sector enhanced recovery technology, can be utilised to recover thermal energy using EGS. Fig. 1. Sources of Japan’s 281,000 MWe electricity capacity (www.eia.doe.gov). Engineered geothermal solutions post-Fukushima Since the Fukushima disaster there has been significant commentary and interest in the viability of EGS as a base-load energy source. The Korea Institute of Geology, Mining and Materials (KIGAM) in neighbouring South Korea has accelerated plans for a 1.5 MWe (net) pilot EGS project (Song, 2011). Meanwhile, Australian-based geothermal energy consultancy, Hot Dry Rocks Pty Ltd (HDR), has entered into a global geothermal alliance to form the EGS Global Group, which comprises some of the world’s leading experts in EGS technology: HDR; British-based EGS Energy Limited; Germany-based BESTEC GmbH; and GPC Instrumentation Process SARL of France. On the island of Luzon, in the Philippines, HDR has been actively advising a local geothermal exploration company re-investigating areas that have previously been dismissed as viable for geothermal development due to assumptions based on conventional reservoir potential. These areas have excellent temperature potential, with 293°C recorded at 2.4 km depth at one location in 1981 (Figure 2). Advances in EGS technology, and learnings acquired from both the European Union Geothermal Project and Australian private EGS exploration and development since 2000, now make many such areas of the Philippines potentially attractive for development. The same holds true for many other parts of the world. In much the same way that oil and gas companies are constantly developing new technologies to extract resources from previously drilled and abandoned patches and in deeper waters, the geothermal sector is also looking beyond the existing paradigm. In an energy and carbon-constrained world, EGS offers a clean, safe and reliable alternative base-load energy source for the future. References Fig. 2. A geothermal well head in the Philippines abandoned in the 1980s in spite of recording a temperature of 293°C at 2.4 km depth. Geothermal Option Warms Up I Sugino, H. and Akeno, T., 2010. Country update for Japan. Proceedings of the World Geothermal Congress, 25-30 April 2010, Nusa Dua, Bali, Indonesia. ■ T IS A LITTLE KNOWN FACT THAT WHEN THE DEVASTATING TSUNAMI CRASHED INTO THE shores of Sendai, Japan on 11 March, the country’s geothermal energy power plants were largely unaffected. However with four nuclear plants taken off-line, with over 12,000 MWe combined capacity, and an ensuing melt-down at Fukushima, the global community is now reassessing long-term plans for future nuclear power plant commissioning. A number of national governments placed an immediate moratorium on further nuclear energy plans and Minister does not require further assessment and approval under the Act. Breaches of the plan would be deemed to be a breach of the Australian Environment Act, thereby opening up the compliance and enforcement provisions of the Act for use in such cases.” Conclusion And Impacts For Stakeholders While the recommendations of the Montara Report go some way to addressing the issues associated with the environmental regulation of the offshore petroleum industry, one would suspect that given the high focus on this activity further changes will occur in the future. The current and proposed regimes, without further amendments to the EPBC Act, are likely to continue to be criticised as they do not exhibit the characteristics of best practice environmental regulation. Likely changes could include: (a) Amendments to the EPBC Act to ensure that all offshore environmental activities receive a full environmental assessment under this legislation. This would result in greater public participation and scrutiny and provide third parties with the ability to commence actions in respect of decisions under the EPBC Act and acts that are in breach of it (see section 487 and 475 of the EPBC Act); and (b) Removing the environmental assessment role from the Energy Information Agency, Country Analysis Briefs, March 2011. http://www.eia.doe.gov/cabs/ Japan/pdf.pdf Song, Y., 2011. Geothermal characteristics, utilisation, and R&D activities in Korea. Proceedings of the Australia-Korea Green Growth Workshop 17-18 March 2011, The Sebel Hotel, Melbourne, Australia. in Germany the CDU-FDP coalition government’s decision to extend the lifespan of Germany’s remaining 17 nuclear plants has caused policy chaos with the German Greens Party riding to resounding victories in the conservative states of BadenWürttemberg and Rheinland-Pfalz. Regardless of technical and political opinions of nuclear energy, it is a fact that nuclear energy has suffered a major public-relations body-blow. Conversely, in the wake of the tsunami, other sources of energy have risen in the agenda for many countries, notably Engineered Geothermal Systems (EGS). ■ Continued from page 10 the activity, an exceptions-based environmental assessment and not a holistic environmental assessment of all impacts. Only those matters of environmental significance that result in an activity being deemed to have, or likely to have, a significant impact on a matter of national environmental significance will be assessed, not the impacts of the activity generally. These issues were recognised well before any of the current industry scrutiny, indeed the recent review of the EPBC Act titled, ‘Report of the Independent Review of the EPBC Act, October 2009’ included the following statement in respect of the above mentioned inadequacies: “18.137 It is appropriate that the EPBC Act continue to apply to petroleum activities. However, the approvals processes under the OPGGSA and the EPBC Act should be streamlined. The ideal arrangement would be to require the Environment Minister’s approval for the environment management plan required for a petroleum activity (as defined under the Petroleum Regulations). 18.137 The Environment Minister could be the Designated Authority for approving an environment management plan under the Petroleum Regulations, and the Australian Environment Act could provide that an action covered by an environment management plan approved by the Environment Commonwealth Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism and moving it to the DSEWPC to ensure that all offshore activities are assessed in respect of environmental impacts by a body which is separate to that body which administers the titling aspects of the industry. Given that stakeholders are likely to continue to push for the above changes, it is vital that industry prepares itself for the likely changes to its regulatory environment. ■ Monday 11 April 2011 The Daily Review 13 PESA Deal Day 2011 M ORE THAN 150 HARDY SOULS BRAVED THE EARLY SUNDAY MORNING START TO ATTEND THE PESA DEAL DAY AT THE 2011 APPEA CONFERENCE HERE IN PERTH. THERE IS NO DOUBT IT WAS WORTH IT, AS THEY WERE TREATED TO 20 PRESENTATIONS ON MORE THAN 50 OPPORTUNITIES OF ALL SIZES AND SHAPES. The opportunities ranged from onshore and offshore, Australia and overseas, exploration, appraisal and producing assets. Presenters represented Australian, Canadian, New Zealand and UK companies and groups. About half of the assets discussed were Australian, with the other half from all over the world. This underlines the international flavour of the Deal Day and the APPEA Conference, as well as the industry these forums support. This year’s Deal Day was a record in terms of attendance and diversity of opportunities. The Deal Day was sponsored by a number of companies, who between them ensured that the day was an success. These included platinum sponsors Lucas Drilling represented by Geoff Silcock and AWT International (Wal Muir), and bronze sponsors Indigo Pool (a Schlumberger company) represented by Rob Singh, PIRSA (Primary Industries and Resources South Australia) (Elinor Alexander) and Envoi Ltd (Mike Lakin). PESA is very grateful to these sponsors for the confidence they have in the Deal Day. The day was organised by AWT International which is a merger between MBA Petroleum Consultants and Advanced Well Technologies, with Pam Jokic from the AWT International office in Brisbane taking charge of running the event. The event was chaired by Wal Muir, Technical Director of AWT International. All attendees were presented with a folder which contained a CD with all the presentations given on the day and a number of other handouts from presenters. Mention must be made of the ‘Special Prize’ (a bottle of Margaret River Classic White) awarded to John Heugh for the best disclaimer of the day. ■ 14 The Daily Review Monday 11 April 2011 CSIRO Scientists Track Gulf Of Mexico Oil Spill Possible uses of selective hydrocarbon sensors within the marine environment. L AST YEAR CSIRO SCIENTISTS WERE CALLED IN BY BP TO HELP MONITOR THE GULF OF MEXICO OIL SPILL USING THEIR PROTOTYPE HYDROCARBON SENSOR ARRAY TO MAP THE LOCATION AND MOVEMENT OF THE OIL. The data collected was used to inform BP and the Unified Area Command, who oversaw the response effort, about the extent of the oil spill and condition of the waters just below the slick. The hydrocarbon sensor team surveyed over 8000 nautical miles, predominately along the Florida, Alabama and Mississippi coastlines. Dr Andy Ross, from CSIRO’s Sensors team leader Dr Andrew Ross with a nanochemical sensor his team is developing. Image credit: Darryl Peroni Photography. Wealth from Oceans Flagship, leads the research team that was in the Gulf from May to September last year, working a 24-hour roster to run the system continuously. “The hydrocarbon sensor array was used to survey the surface waters of the Gulf of Mexico very quickly, covering several hundred miles a day, allowing us to build a picture of the surface water’s hydrocarbon composition”, Ross said. “The information gathered gave US authorities a good understanding of what was happening in the water to help them to make important decisions, such as when the fisheries could be reopened.” All in all, Ross said that the condition of the Gulf water was better than he had expected. “Generally the results were showing that it didn’t appear to be exceeding the EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) limits and that the contamination from the MC252 well was not as severe as first thought”, he said. The team is currently in the final stages of verifying those results back in Perth. CSIRO’s prototype sensor system is designed to rapidly detect and analyse different types of hydrocarbons, including oil and gas, in the marine environment. It consists of a number of rapidly responding sensors that can detect the presence and concentrations of hydrocarbons in the water column within seconds. The major application of the hydrocarbon sensor array is petroleum exploration – to detect natural hydrocarbon seeps that may come from untapped oil or gas deposits beneath the seabed. The deployment of the sensors to the Gulf of Mexico is a great additional use of the technology, enabling realtime environmental monitoring. ■ CSIRO scientist working on underway pump for hydrocarbon sensor system before the pump’s subsequent deployment into water column. Image credit: Andrew Ross, CSIRO. CSIRO scientists taking oil mousse samples from water hose used on the underway hydrocarbon sensor system. Image credit: Andrew Ross, CSIRO. Marine Mammals: Sound Exposure Level Study, Browse Basin A COMMON APPROACH TO ENVIRONMENTAL RISK ASSESSMENT, AS A MEANS TO assess the level of risk to marine animals from anthropogenic sound during seismic surveys, is to compare either measured or modelled estimates of underwater sound levels to a known sound level threshold criterion. Over the years, a number of measures have been used to calculate and characterise underwater sound thresholds for marine mammals, including Sound Pressure Level (SPL), and more recently Sound Exposure Level (SEL). SEL was suggested as an appropriate measure to indicate the onset of Temporary Threshold Shift (TTS) occurring in marine animals by an expert panel of researchers in 2007. Petroleum Geo-Services (PGS) commissioned a SEL study in preparation for a large multiclient 3D seismic survey planned for late 2010 in an area of the Browse Basin, adjacent to the environmentally sensitive Camden Sound area, off the Kimberley coastline in Western Australia. The Centre for Marine Science and Technology (CMST) at the Curtin University of Technology built a comprehensive bathymetric model of the area between Camden Sound and the survey location, and used two 'seabed geo-acoustic models': sand/limestone (worst case: most reflective); and silt (best case: least reflective). Noise propagation modelling over the frequency range of 8 Hz to 1 kHz was used to build 3D maps of sound levels throughout all areas inshore of the seismic survey. The CMST SEL modelling results were integrated with other airgun array and SEL modelling pursued by PGS. In all scenarios, for all modelling methods considered and for all regions of interest, the modelled SELs are below the threshold criterion applied in this case by the DSEWPaC. The results of this study will be presented this afternoon (Session 18, Meeting Room 1 & 2) by Andrew Long, Ph.D. Chief Scientist, Geoscience & Engineering Data Processing & Technology, PGS. ■ Modelled SEL levels from a discrete shot location near the Camden Sound. Monday 11 April 2011 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 A B C es à HolmGallery t Cour Glass Manifesto D E Cinema Paradiso F The Bakery Arts Complex G H I J FORM Greenhill Galleries Creative Native K Playhouse Theatre L M Goddard de Fiddes Gallery N Point Fraser Wetlands O P Q R Aboriginal Art & Craft Gallery S Aspects of Kings Park T Federation Walk U V PERTH Perth is the capital of Western Australia (WA) and is located in the SW corner of the State. Latitude: 31 degrees 57 minutes South Longitude: 115 degrees 51 minutes East exchange currencies and are open from 9.30 am to 4 pm Monday to Thursday and to 5 pm on Friday. CAR RENTAL February Average Daily Temperature: Maximum: 31º Minimum: 18º Avis ........................................................... 13 63 33 www.avis.com.au Budget Car and Truck Rental ................. 13 27 27 www.budget.com.au Europcar ................................................... 13 13 90 www.deltaeuropcar.com.au Hertz ......................................................... 13 30 39 www.hertz.com Thrifty ............................................... 1300 36 72 27 www.thrifty.com.au BANKS EMERGENCIES Most banks are open from 9.30 am to 4 pm, and to 5 pm on Fridays; some smaller banks and credit unions may be open on Saturday mornings. Calls to 000 are free within Australia and can be made from public and private telephones. POPULATION Perth Metropolitan Area: 1.6 million WA: 2.1 million CLIMATE Perth enjoys a Mediterranean climate, with warm to hot summers and cool, wet winters. Perth and Fremantle contain numerous ATMs, accepting most cards. ANZ Bank ................................................ 13 13 14 BankWest ................................................ 13 17 18 Bendigo Bank ................................. 1300 366 666 Commonwealth Bank ............................ 13 22 21 Macquarie Bank Ltd ...................... 1800 806 310 National Australia Bank ....................... 13 22 65 Police and Nurses Credit ...................... 13 25 77 St George Bank ....................................... 13 33 30 Westpac ................................................... 13 20 32 BUSES Perth CBD is well connected by buses and travel is FREE OF CHARGE by bus (or Train) as long as you board and alight within the Free Transit Zone (FTZ). There is also a free Central Area Transit (CAT) system. There are two routes that operate in east-west and north-south directions. For more information contact TransPerth on 13 62 13, or http://www.transperth.wa.gov.au/ CONSULATES Austria ...9261 7035 Canada ...9322 7930 China ......9222 0333 Finland ...9321 2100 France ....9284 8820 Germany 9221 2941 India .......9486 9011 Ireland ....9385 8247 Spain .......9225 5457 Thailand 9221 3237 USA .........9202 1224 Italy .................... 9322 4500 Japan ................. 9480 1800 Malaysia ............ 9225 7055 Netherlands ...... 9486 1579 New Zealand 02 8256 2000 Greece ............... 9325 6608 Indonesia .......... 9221 5858 Philippines ....... 9481 5666 Sweden ............. 9204 0900 UK ....................... 9224 4700 CREDIT CARDS American Express .......................... 1300 132 639 Diners Club ...................................... 1300 360 060 Visa ................................................... 1800 450 346 CURRENCY Australian currency is decimal, with the dollar as the basic unit (100 cents equal one dollar). Notes come in denominations of $100, $50, $20, $10 and $5, while coins are $2, $1, 50c, 20c, 10c and 5c denominations. Currency exchange facilities are available at the Perth International Airport. City banks will Ambulance, Fire, Police ................................000 Alcohol & Drug Information .............. 9442 5000 Crisis Care ............................................ 9223 1111 Doctor Locum Service ........................ 9328 7111 Interpreter Service ................................. 13 14 50 Medic Alert .......................................... 9334 1222 Police Non-emergency ......................... 13 14 44 Poisons Information ............................... 13 11 26 RSPCA ................................................... 9248 3155 Sea Rescue Information ..................... 9442 8600 FACSIMILES Faxes can be sent from most post offices. Telephone 13 13 18 to be automatically connected to the nearest post office from where you are calling. Most hotels and motels have facsimile machines which they will allow guests to use. HOSPITALS Royal Perth Hospital ........................... 9224 2244 Wellington St, Perth Fremantle Hospital .............................. 9431 3333 Alma St, Fremantle King Edward Centre for Women’s Health 9340 2222 Bagot Rd, Subiaco Princess Margaret Children’s Hospital 9340 8222 Roberts Rd, Subiaco Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital ........... 9346 3333 Verdun St, Nedlands Woodside Maternity Hospital ........... 9319 7200 Dalgety St, East Fremantle There are a lot of opportunities to shop in Perth along the many thoroughfares, malls and arcades. Take your time to explore the arcades which are often multi level with some connecting with other arcades. 8 am – 9 pm, Monday to Friday 8 am – 5 pm, Saturday 11 am – 5 pm, Sunday TAXIS Perth has three large taxi companies - Independent Taxis, Swan Taxis and Black & White Taxis. All the taxis are meter operated by time and distance, and operate 24 hrs a day. Black & White Taxis ................................ 131 008 Swan Taxis ................................................ 131 330 TELEPHONE A standard fee applies to all local calls made within Australia, with the exception of information lines, irrespective of the length of call. From a public phone box, the minimum call charge is 50c. STD (Subscriber Trunk Dialling) and IDD (International Direct Dialling) are charged by distance as well as the length of the call. Different rates apply to different times of the day, and to make a telephone call during an off-peak period can result in substantial savings. Details of rates can be found towards the front of the Perth White Pages telephone directory. 13 numbers will cost you the same as a local call, both 0500 and 1800 numbers are free call numbers, while 1901 and 1902 information calls are usually charged at a fixed rate per minute, some price-capped and some not. STD and IDD codes can be found towards the back of the directory, along with time differences from Western Standard Time. Depending on the payphone, calls may be made using coins, Telstra or Optus Phonecards (available from most newsagencies) or credit cards. If you can’t find the phone number in the phone book (or you can’t find a phone book at all), you can call directory assistance on 1223 for all Australian numbers, or on 1225 for international numbers. Alternatively, try the White Pages telephone directory online. Complete instructions on how to call home from WA can also be obtained from the White Pages online. PLACES OF INTEREST HOTELS Somerset ........ 9226 3355 Duxton ........... 9261 8000 Holiday Inn .... 9261 7200 Hyatt Regency 9225 1234 SHOPPING Mercure ...9326 7000 Novotel.....9221 1200 Rydges......9263 1800 Sheraton ..9224 7777 PHARMACIES/CHEMISTS Friendlies Chemist Perth ......................9321 5391 849 Hay Street, Perth West Leederville Pharmacy ................9381 5087 Shop 1, 115 Cambridge St, West Leederville Beaufort Street 24 hour Chemist .........9328 7775 647 Beaufort St, Mount Lawley Friendlies Chemist Subiaco.................9381 1468 or ........................................................1300 534 453 136 Rokeby Rd, Subiaco King’s Park This is Perth’s number one tourist attraction. Perth is unique in having a 400 ha (1000 acre) park, with such large areas of native bush so close to the CBD. The park is only a few minutes from the CBD at the top of Malcolm Street. Transport to the park is free, on Transperth buses, within the Free Transit Zone (FTZ). On arrival enjoy the panoramic view of the city from Fraser Avenue or enjoy the view with a snack or meal at Fraser’s Restaurant. You can explore the park by foot, bike or take a ride on the tram. For more information visit Kings Park online (http://www.bgpa.wa.gov.au/) or call 9480 3600 Monday – Friday, 9 am – 4.30 pm. Perth Mint .............................................. 9421 7223 310 Hay St, East Perth The oldest mint in the world still in operation on its original premises. The mint was established in 1899 and specialises in making gold, silver and platinum coins. Open seven days a week 9 am – 5 pm. Perth Zoo ............................................... 9474 3551 Labouchere Road, South Perth Australia’s best small zoo is just 5 min from the Perth CBD on the banks of the Swan River. Perth Zoo is open every day of the year – in fact it has not closed for a single day since it opened back in 1898. You will need at least half a day to see everything Perth Zoo has to offer but we recommend a full day to make the most of your visit. Open 9 – 5 pm every day of the year. AQWA – The Aquarium of WA 9447 7500 Hillarys Boat Harbour, Sorrento Quay (20 km north of Perth city) Explore 12,000 km of WA’s coastline in just one day at AQWA. From the icy cold waters of the Great Southern Coast to the tropical wonderland of the far north, take an underwater journey to discover the incredible and unique marine life of WA. Join AQWA Adventures for the experience of a lifetime – a snorkel or dive with the sharks. Snorkellers or qualified scuba divers can join the dive master to encounter sharks, stingrays, turtles and thousands of fish in the three million litre Shipwreck Coast aquarium. Open 10 – 5 pm daily. Fremantle Sitting at the mouth of the Swan River, 19 km from Perth, Fremantle is a vibrant, eclectic city, and is only 20 min from Perth (via Stirling or Canning Highway), Rottnest Island and the airport. Fremantle was founded in 1829 by Captain Charles Howe, who took possession of the WA coast in the name of King George IV. Convict labour was used to build many of the original buildings and with the gold rush, Fremantle soon became a thriving port. It is home to some of WA’s most beautiful heritage buildings, great beaches, delicious seafood, talented artists and designers. Fremantle has seven-day shopping and offers a fantastic array of food, fun and entertainment for all ages. When you visit Fremantle, be sure to see the spectacular WA Maritime Museum, Fremantle Prison, Fremantle Fishing Boat Harbour, Cappuccino Strip and browse through the historic Fremantle Markets, then relax and watch the sunset on South Beach. 36 37 38 39 40 HELPFUL INFORMATION 1 The Daily Review 15 Jackson’s ................................................9328 1177 483 Beaufort St, Highgate Lamont’s Bishops House ......................9226 1884 Spring Street and Mounts Bay Rd, Perth CBD Must Winebar Restaurant ....................9328 8255 519 Beaufort St, Mt Lawley Restaurant Amuse .................................9325 4900 64 Bronte St, East Perth Star Anise ...............................................9381 9811 225 Onslow Rd, Shenton Park The Quarter ............................................9322 2424 Shop 10, 93-95 William St, Perth CBD Organic City Farm Cafe ........................................9325 7230 1 City Farm Place, East Perth Greenhouse ............................................9481 8333 100 St Georges Tce, Perth Italian Caffe Italia ..............................................9221 3100 251 Hay St, East Perth Zafferano ................................................9321 2588 Old Swan Brewery 173 Mounts Bay Rd, Crawley Ecco’s (Woodfired pizza) ......................9388 6710 23 Rokeby Rd, Subiaco Chinese/Vietnamese Grand Palace .........................................9221 6333 3 The Esplanade, Perth CBD Lido Restaurant......................................9227 5545 Corner Robinson Ave, 416 William St, Northbridge Sung Fung on the River.........................9221 1868 Old Perth Port, Barrack Square Jetty, Perth CBD Indonesian Tasik Restaurant ..................................9228 1884 63 Aberdeen St, Northbridge Indonesia Indah Restaurant...............9221 3970 120 Barrack St, Perth Indian Annalakshmi on the Swan (Vegetarian).9221 3003 Jetty No 4, Barrack St, Perth Royal India .............................................9324 1368 1134 Hay St, West Perth Nine Mary’s ............................................9226 4999 16 Milligan St, Perth Mela Indian Sweets & Eats ...............9227 7367 428 William St, Northbridge Japanese Matsuri Japanese .................................9322 7737 QVI Building 250 Georges Street Tce, Perth CBD Tansawa Tei ...........................................9228 0258 1 Shenton St (Cnr James St), Northbridge RESTAURANTS Seafood Bluewater Grill ......................................9315 7700 Heathcote Reserve, 56 Duncraig Rd, Applecross The Boatshed’s Restaurant ..................9474 1314 Coode Street Jetty, Coode St, South Perth Modern Australian Balthazar Restaurant ............................9421 1206 6 The Esplanade, Perth CBD Friends Restaurant ................................9221 0885 Hyatt Centre, 20 Terrace Rd, East Perth Thai Dusit Thai ...............................................9328 7647 249 James St, Northbridge Nahm Thai ..............................................9328 7500 223 Bulwer St, Perth