PREPARING FOR THE NEW COST BASIS REGULATIONS How the changes will affect your firm and what you can do now to get ready PREPARING FOR THE NEW COST BASIS REGULATIONS About Schwab Market Knowledge Tools® (MKT) Based on the leadership position of Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab) in the registered investment advisor (RIA) marketplace (approximately 6,000 advisors and over 20 years as of printing), we are in a position to observe and see what works in successful advisory firms. Through Schwab’s proprietary benchmarking and in-depth qualitative research with successful firms, we are able to discover and share best practices. This white paper is part of the Schwab Market Knowledge Tools series, an ongoing program of industry research reports, white papers and guides from Schwab designed to keep investment advisors on the forefront of trends and competitive challenges facing the industry today. Offered exclusively to Schwab’s valued clients, the MKT program delivers the kind of relevant and timely information needed for future business planning. DISCLAIMER This Report was produced by Schwab and is intended solely for investment professionals and not their clients or other investors. The Report is intended for general informational purposes only, and is not intended to provide tax, legal, financial, investment or regulatory compliance advice. Any guidance taken from the Report is not tailored to the particular circumstances of any reader of the Report or their firm. The Report relies, in part, on information provided to Schwab by the advisory firms named and others that participated in Schwab’s research and interviews. Schwab did not independently verify that information, and Schwab makes no representations about the accuracy of the information in the Report. In addition, the experience of the individuals and firms interviewed for this report may not be representative of the experience of others; their experience is not a guarantee of future performance, success or similar results. Your experience will vary. Any mention in the Report of products, services or processes created or offered by anyone other than Schwab is not, and should not be construed as a recommendation, endorsement or sponsorship by Schwab. You must decide whether to purchase these products and services and implement these processes and their appropriateness for you or your firm. This Report is not intended for use by investors in evaluating or selecting an investment advisor or otherwise. This Report is not a recommendation or endorsement of, referral to, or solicitation on behalf of any investment advisor, whether or not named, quoted or described in the Report. Similarly, this report is not a recommendation of or solicitation to engage in a purchase or sale of any security or other investment. Investment advisory firms are independent of and not affiliated with Schwab, and their employees and agents, including individuals named in the Report, are not employees, agents or representatives of Schwab. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 included new tax-reporting requirements that will dramatically change the way independent registered investment advisors (RIAs) and their clients think about cost basis. For the first time, brokers will report the adjusted cost basis of sold securities to the IRS. The new requirements are designed to help capture accurate reporting of investors’ gains and losses at tax time. As the requirements are phased in over the next few years, the transition will cause some confusion. Complying with the new rules will take planning and effort by industry participants, but in the long run it will make tax preparation easier for investors. Under the new-tax reporting requirements, brokers, transfer agents and other reporting entities will bear the burden of compliance. Most advisory firms, however, will nonetheless also experience significant changes to their daily workflow. Firms that do not act now—to prepare their back offices, manage clients’ concerns and expectations, and reinforce the value of their services—might find themselves unequipped to meet their clients’ needs and might overlook potential opportunities. 2 THE LEGISLATION Overview of Changes 4 KEY CHANGES 6 THREE STEPS TO TAKE NOW Step 1: Create a Proactive Communication Plan Step 2: Anticipate Clients’ Needs Step 3: Evaluate the Legislation’s Impact on Your Back Office 12 OPPORTUNITIES Build Loyalty Consolidate Clients’ Assets Offer Tax-Efficient Investment Strategies 14 CONCLUSION 15 APPENDICES 1 PREPARING FOR THE NEW COST BASIS REGULATIONS THE LEGISLATION Currently, many brokers report cost basis information to clients of advisors as a value-added service—but that is about to change. “The new cost basis legislation will affect all Overview of Changes clients receiving Forms 1099-B. Advisors who Brokers, custodians, transfer agents and other reporting entities (collectively referred to as “brokers” for purposes of this paper) will be required to report the adjusted cost basis of sold securities, including whether the gain or loss is short- or long-term, to the IRS and your clients on Form 1099-B. The requirements will be phased in over three years, starting in 2011. Brokers will face significant penalties for noncompliance, errors and late reporting. help their clients successfully transition to the new cost basis reporting regime will surely enhance the client relationship.” —Deanna Flores, Principal, KPMG LLP The new tax reporting requirements represent a significant shift in the way advisors approach cost basis reporting: •Brokers will become an important source of cost basis information provided to the IRS for securities covered under the legislation. Advisory firms that track and report cost basis data to clients will need to ensure that their reports match the data sent by brokers. •For tax-sensitive investing, firms will need to consider the tax consequences of a trade at the time of trade. Cost basis methodology cannot be changed after the trade settles. 2 THE LEGISLATION COVERED AND UNCOVERED SECURITIES The legislation will roll out in three phases, as listed in the chart below. Covered securities are those acquired on or after the applicable dates outlined by the legislation. Securities acquired by clients before these dates are uncovered by the legislation. Brokers are not required to report cost basis on uncovered securities. Taxpayers are responsible for accurate reporting of cost basis on covered and uncovered securities to the IRS on their tax returns. Covered Securities Uncovered Securities Broker vs. Taxpayer Responsibility Brokers will report cost basis to IRS and Taxpayer will report cost basis to IRS. taxpayer on Form 1099-B. Taxpayer will use Form 1099-B data in preparing their tax return filing for 2011 and following years. Equities* Acquired on or after Jan. 1, 2011 Acquired prior to Jan. 1, 2011 Mutual funds, dividend reinvestment plan (DRIP) shares and ETFs** Acquired on or after Jan. 1, 2012 Acquired prior to Jan. 1, 2012 Other specified securities, including fixed income and options*** Acquired on or after Jan. 1, 2013 Acquired prior to Jan. 1, 2013 *Equities include corporate stock (other than stock in a regulated investment company [RIC] or stock acquired in connection with a dividend reinvestment plan [DRIP]). Internal Revenue Code section 6045(g)(3)(C)(i) provides that the applicable date is January 1, 2011. **For stock in a RIC (RIC stock) or stock acquired in connections with a DRIP (DRIP stock), section 6045(g)(3)(C)(ii) provides that the applicable date is January 1, 2012. *** For any other specified securities, section 6045(g)(3)(C)(iii) provides that the applicable date is January 1, 2013, or a later date to be determined in the future. The reporting rules related to options transactions apply only to options granted or acquired on or after January 1, 2013, as provided in section 6045(h)(3). 3 PREPARING FOR THE NEW COST BASIS REGULATIONS KEY CHANGES The legislation will roll out over three years, affecting equities in 2011; mutual funds, ETFs and DRIP shares in 2012; and other securities such as fixed income and options in 2013. Here are some key changes you will begin to see starting in 2011. “A trade date, automated lot-level solution for sending cost basis information with transactions to our custodians is critical not only today but also to support our firm’s growth requirements.” —Mark Riley, The Milestone Group Cost basis default method. The legislation requires brokers to calculate gain/loss by using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method as a default on sold securities that are not eligible for the average cost method. The average cost method may be applied as a default for mutual funds, but even if it is applied, lots are to be sold in a first-in, first-out manner. For any position not using average cost, advisors and their clients can choose lots using the specific identification method. This can be done either at the time of trade or through a standing order (e.g., using high cost as a default method). Each broker may offer different lot selection choices—check with yours to find out which are available to you. Specified lot decisions must be made before the trade settles. If you wish to specify a particular lot to sell, or to change the cost basis method for a sale, you will be able to do so only until the settlement date of the trade. Once the trade settles, the method used will be final. 4 KEY CHANGES Transfer of cost basis information. The legislation specifies that brokers must provide a transfer statement when transferring assets to another broker. Transfer statements for covered securities must include the transfer date, security identifier, acquisition date, covered and uncovered status, cost basis and holding period. For RIAs, receipt of the transfer statement will be a timesaver. However, if a security is transferred between institutions without that transfer statement, it will be considered to be uncovered at the time of receipt. Securities can become covered once the appropriate cost basis information is provided. Gifted and inherited shares transferred between accounts. These must be identified, and applicable accounting rules must be applied to the gain/loss. For gifted shares, this includes capturing the date of the gift and the donor’s adjusted cost basis and the fair market value (FMV) of the shares on the date of the gift. If, when the gift is made, the donor’s adjusted basis exceeds the FMV, special rules apply that limit the loss the gift recipient can claim when the shares are sold. Inherited shares will be uncovered by the legislation until instructions from the estate executor are received on how to adjust basis. The broker is required to make one attempt to obtain COST BASIS METHODS As of January 1, 2011, many brokers will default to using the first-in, first-out (FIFO) method to determine the adjusted basis and gain/loss of equities, unless you notify the broker that your client wishes to apply a different permitted method at the time of trade. Depending on your broker, the following specified lot choices may also be available for equity trades and determing taxable gains: • Last-in, first-out (LIFO) • High cost • Low cost applicable instructions from the estate executor. Tracking and reporting on wash sales. The new law requires brokers to report loss deferrals and other adjustments on Form 1099-B. However, brokers are required only to analyze identical securities within a single account to determine if a wash sale has occurred. Only identical securities are subject to wash sale deferral for purposes of cost basis reporting. Clients are still obligated to apply the wash sale rules across all of their accounts when preparing their tax returns. 5 PREPARING FOR THE NEW COST BASIS REGULATIONS THREE STEPS TO TAKE NOW Brokers are moving quickly to comply with the legislation, but RIA firms must also take action. Although your clients won’t receive their new 1099-Bs until early 2012, now is the time to start planning for changes to streamline the transition for your firm and to help your clients understand the new rules. Preparing for the effects of the legislation—in particular, determining how it may impact your clients and your back office—can help improve your clients’ experience and avoid potentially costly and time-consuming changes at the last minute. “There’s no downside to thinking about Step 1: Create a Proactive Communication Plan these issues and having a communication Although the new mandate for compliance is on brokers, fallout from confusion about the legislation will land with advisory firms, who own the client relationship. RIAs that can guide clients through the complexities of the legislation will reinforce their firm’s value and help to create a seamless transition for their clients. plan in place—and the time to do it is not when the phones are ringing.” —Deanna Flores, Principal, KPMG LLP “Even the basics are important to explain to clients—to minimize call volume, confusion and frustration,” says Deanna Flores of KPMG LLP, an audit, tax and advisory firm. She is a principal in the firm’s Washington National Tax Financial Institutions and Products group. “Advisors who help their clients anticipate the changes under the new legislation and understand how it affects them will have an opportunity to positively influence the relationship with their clients,” Flores says. 6 THREE STEPS TO TAKE NOW TowerGroup echoes this concern. The group’s publication, “Cost Basis Technology for Broker-Dealers: Build, Buy, or Both?”, written by Sean Cunniff, research director, warns RIAs to expect an uptick in call volume and visits from clients, especially once clients learn that cost information will be reported to the IRS. “The firms with the client relationships need to be prepared to handle these inquiries,” the report notes.1 Brokers will be communicating directly with investors in 2010 about the upcoming changes. In particular, if you work with multiple brokers, or if some of your clients work with more than one advisor, those clients may receive different information from different sources. Develop a plan to get ahead of those communications and talk to your clients first. Proactively reaching out to your clients can help balance these discussions and reduce any anxiety or confusion they may have about the changes. Consider how you will educate staff on the details of the legislation and its implications for investors. Training tools, such as webcasts on the topic, can help everyone at the firm provide a consistent, knowledgeable experience for clients. Step 2: Anticipate Clients’ Needs Clients will receive their first Form 1099-B with cost basis data on covered equities in early 2012—but some of your clients may want to access cost basis information for all securities, regardless of whether they are covered by the legislation or not. Still others may want cost basis information more frequently than just at tax time. Firms that can effectively meet these needs stand to create a better experience for their clients. Plan how—and if—your firm will address this client need: •Does your broker offer gain/loss reports? Many brokers report gains and losses and cost basis data on monthly account statements as a value-added service. This feature can help provide clients with the information they need to report cost basis information to the IRS for uncovered or pre-effective date securities. •Can you or your broker offer online account access? Many brokers’ websites are set up to provide cost basis data to your clients. Consider enrolling interested clients in this service. •Does it make sense to generate gain/loss reports for uncovered securities in-house? If your firm already provides this service, what steps should you take to reconcile the data on your firm’s reports with the information your brokers report? 1. Sean Cunniff, Research Director, TowerGroup, “Cost Basis Technology for Broker-Dealers: Build, Buy, or Both?” January 12, 2009 (www.towergroup.com). 7 PREPARING FOR THE NEW COST BASIS REGULATIONS THE IMPORTANCE OF TALKING TO CLIENTS NOW The complexity of the legislation will undoubtedly create concern among clients—even more so when the mainstream media begin to report on it. Be prepared to educate clients on what the legislation means and how it affects them. While some may call their tax accountants with questions, advisory firms should be prepared for an increase in call volume—either from clients directly or from their CPAs. Particular pain points may include: Lack of understanding about cost basis. Brokers will use their default method for determining adjusted cost basis and gain/loss unless you or your client notifies the broker directly to change it. Communicate the importance of working with you to decide the best method, so that you can help your clients minimize their tax burden throughout the year. Confusion about covered holdings. Because the new rules roll out in three phases, applying only to new securities acquired on or after those staggered dates, some clients may be unsure of which transactions are covered and which are not. And because brokers will be reporting to the IRS for covered securities, you can help make tax preparation easier for your clients by providing them with cost basis information for uncovered securities. Concern about account transfers. Securities transferred from other brokers after the legislation’s effective date will need to come with a transfer statement that includes cost basis information. Clients may call you with questions about whether the cost basis information was properly moved. If it wasn’t, the security will be considered uncovered, and only the client will be responsible for determining and reporting cost basis on that holding. Questions about Form 1099-B. When clients receive Form 1099-B in early 2012, they will see cost basis information for any equities they bought and sold in 2011—but they will not be able to make any changes to the cost basis method used for each trade, which could lead to confusion or frustration. They also may not understand why the cost basis information for uncovered equities is not reported on their 1099-Bs. 8 THREE STEPS TO TAKE NOW Step 3: Evaluate the Legislation’s Impact on Your Back Office Consider the areas where your firm’s back office will be affected. For example: The degree of impact to a firm’s back office will depend on many factors, including: •Trading. If you wish to use a method other •The portfolio management software you use •The number of brokers or custodians you work with •Whether or not you report cost basis to clients or offer tax-sensitive investing strategies What’s more, the scope of changes to your back office may depend on technology upgrades that brokers are currently developing. But even if your firm is still awaiting guidance and direction from your brokers, now is the time to evaluate how your internal workflows and processes may be affected. Begin by evaluating your portfolio management system, and consider how you will ensure it is in synch with your broker’s data. Some portfolio management systems may require an extra step, or additional software, to ensure that gain/loss data and cost basis calculation methods used in your trading strategies match what is on record with your broker. Determine how your firm will handle this reconciliation process. than the FIFO default for determining gain/ loss, you will need to specify to your broker before settlement—after that, the cost information will be considered final. •Data downloads and reconciliation. Because a position in an account may be made up of several lots, each with a different cost basis, reconciliation will be more complex than it is today. You may also need to add a step to your firm’s back-office workflow to ensure that there are no discrepancies between your cost basis information and your broker’s. If a client reports cost basis information on their tax return that differs from what was reported on Form 1099-B, it could prompt attention from the IRS. •Transfers. “Covered” shares that are transferred after the effective date will be sent to you by the broker with cost basis information. “Worst case scenario, we’re prepared to hire an additional person by end of year.” —Jim Sinclair, David Vaughan Investments 9 PREPARING FOR THE NEW COST BASIS REGULATIONS CASE STUDY David Vaughan Investments Location: Peoria, Illinois Type of firm: Money manager AUM: $1.2 billion Focus: Equities With a primary focus on their equity-income strategy, David Vaughan Investments keeps its clients’ portfolios invested primarily in equities that are diversified across several industries. “The first phase of the legislation will affect us in a major way,” says Jim Sinclair, CPA, treasurer and chief compliance officer. Sinclair says he still isn’t sure how big the impact will be, particularly if some data will require manual entry or reconciliation. “Worst case scenario, we’re prepared to hire an additional person by end of year,” he explains. DVI is waiting for direction from its multiple custodians to ensure accuracy and consistency of cost basis data. “Our hope is that the reconciliation process gets as mechanized as possible. If the mechanization is not there, somebody will have to physically do it,” says Sinclair. “We have always focused on post-tax rates of return for our taxable clients,” he adds. “Executing a tax-efficient strategy requires flexibility and certainly the ability to use lot identification. We have to track cost basis to make this effective strategy work.” The alternative—simply not providing cost basis information to clients—is not a viable choice for DVI. “We’re going to provide cost basis for our clients no matter what the cost,” Sinclair says. “Some firms have said they’ll be getting out of the cost basis business. For our clients, that’s not an option—it’s part of DVI’s strategy and what they expect from us.” 10 •Gifting of shares. Shares must be identified and applicable accounting rules applied to the gain/loss. •Corporate actions. The cost basis information that your brokers report on the Forms 1099-B must be adjusted for corporate actions—which may vary per broker. •Wash sales. Although brokers will report cost basis information for all wash sales involving identical securities within an account, investors must report wash sales occurring across other accounts. Some brokers will accept customer-provided information for those other wash sales. Understand your broker’s policy so you can help your clients track sales for which they are responsible. “The result of our conversations with our custodians will determine the direction we’ll go. We need to get closure on what technology solutions might be available.” —Mark Riley, The Milestone Group THREE STEPS TO TAKE NOW CASE STUDY Again, it may be too early to fully assess how your firm will need to react. “If we go too far down the planning road, we may find that our solution isn’t going to fit with what our The Buckingham Family of Financial Services Location: St. Louis, Missouri Type: Wealth manager/TAMP AUM: $12 billion Focus: Mutual funds and fixed income custodians roll out, or we may need to redo some things,” explains Lori Dierke of Accredited Investors Inc., a financial planning firm in Edina, Minnesota. “But we’re keeping up with what’s new and talking to our custodians so that we can move as fast as possible when the time comes.” A large registered investment advisory firm with an in-house affiliate that provides turnkey asset management services to 120 other RIAs, Buckingham has developed proprietary technology solutions for its back-office processing. “We see the legislation as more of a back-office issue than a client-facing issue,” says Ed Goldberg, principal and investment advisor. “It will mainly affect daily downloads, trading and reconciliation.” Stay up to date on your brokers’ plans for complying with the legislation, including technology upgrades that may have implications for your back office. Even if you need more information from your brokers before you move forward, now is the time to evaluate how your firm may be affected and determine what unknowns still remain. The three most critical areas, he says, will be the ability to get cost basis information in daily downloads, upload selected lot information in trade files and synchronize systems with their custodians. Once Buckingham’s three custodians develop these capabilities, the firm plans to start integration work on its end to synch with their systems. “We have been suggesting that our clients ignore cost basis information supplied by our custodians because we use the selected-lot cost accounting methodology,” explains Goldberg. “Now, that information matters, and we will have additional work to reconcile our cost information to make sure it matches.” For instance, Buckingham will need to redevelop the trade files its proprietary trading application creates to provide selectedlot information to custodians. And each upload file will have to be formatted to meet the requirements of each of the three custodians. Goldberg is also concerned about having enough time to determine and upload lot information when a trade occurs so they can receive it back in the next day’s download. Even though Buckingham trades mainly in mutual funds, the firm expects that it will need to be ready for the equity phase on January 1, 2011, since many clients hold legacy equities in their accounts. 11 PREPARING FOR THE NEW COST BASIS REGULATIONS OPPORTUNITIES The changes resulting from this legislation offer several potential benefits for firms and their clients. For advisors, it creates the opportunity to build loyalty, consolidate client assets and, for those who do not do so already, offer tax-efficient investment strategies. Clients, for their part, will have access to accurate information that allows them to see the tax consequences of their trades immediately. Build Loyalty By helping to guide clients through the complexity of the legislation, advisors stand to enhance their value to their clients. Moreover, for advisors who have clients with multiple advisors, this is an opportunity to demonstrate the value of working uniquely with them. For instance, firms that offer gain/loss reports for their clients’ uncovered securities may gain a competitive advantage over those that do not. According to TowerGroup, advisors who help their clients through the transition stand to win: “The U.S. tax code has grown in complexity over time. Advisors who can help their clients navigate this warren of obstacles will be the winners in the long term.”2 12 2. TowerGroup, “Cost Basis Technology for Broker-Dealers: Build, Buy, or Both?” OPPORTUNITIES Consolidate Clients’ Assets Your clients will receive Forms 1099-B from all of your firm’s brokers with whom they have accounts. And if clients work with multiple advisors, this experience could be complicated. Use this opportunity to talk to your clients about consolidating assets with your firm. This can help make tax preparation simpler and more accurate. Offer Tax-Efficient Investment Strategies If your firm does not already provide taxefficient investment strategies, now may be a good time to implement this offering. With real-time cost basis information, your firm may be better positioned to make recommendations on what lot to trade based on a client’s tax situation. TowerGroup underscores the importance of offering these services to clients: “…advisors who embrace tax-efficient investing strategies will gain attention in the low-return environment expected for the next several years and will gain market share.”3 3. TowerGroup, “Cost Basis Technology for Broker-Dealers: Build, Buy, or Both?” HOW THE LEGISLATION CAN BENEFIT YOUR CLIENTS It makes tax preparation easier. The legislation eases the burden of cost basis reporting for investors. It can help give clients more information about their total tax picture. Many brokers are planning to make available real-time information about the tax consequences of a trade. This will help clients to take a more active role in their tax planning. Clients who work with nondiscretionary advisors and place trades themselves will be able to compare the tax consequences of different cost basis methods. It minimizes year-end surprises. Your clients will be able to see the effects of a trade on their tax impact—and make changes—as positions are sold. 13 PREPARING FOR THE NEW COST BASIS REGULATIONS CONCLUSION Adjusting to the new cost basis reporting requirements will require planning, and those advisory firms that remain committed to easing the transition for clients stand to build relationships and reinforce value. The sooner firms begin to think critically about how the legislation will affect both clients and their back offices, the better prepared they will be when the first phase begins on January 1, 2011. KEY TAKEAWAYS • Preparing now for the new cost basis regulations is critical. Although brokers shoulder most of the burden to comply, your firm should begin to get ready for workflow changes and client questions. Staying on top of news from brokers is vital for preparing the back office. • Taking steps now to prepare your firm and your clients can lead to stronger client relationships and can help avoid difficult workflow issues later. Proactively communicating with clients will be key to uncovering potential opportunities. 14 APPENDIX APPENDIX: FIRMS INTERVIEWED We thank the firms listed below for their participation and for the insight they shared during interviews for this project. Firm name Location Accredited Investors Inc. Edina, MN The Buckingham Family of Financial Services St. Louis, MO David Vaughan Investments Peoria, IL KPMG LLP, Washington National Tax Financial Institutions and Products San Diego, CA The Milestone Group Denver, CO 15 PREPARING FOR THE NEW COST BASIS REGULATIONS APPENDIX: SAMPLE CLIENT POSITIONS This chart shows a sample of a client’s positions as of June 30, 2011. EQUITY HOLDINGS IBM General Electric QUANTITY MARKET PRICE MARKET VALUE Units Purchased Cost per Share Cost Basis Apple Inc. Apple Cost Basis UNREALIZED GAIN (OR LOSS) HOLDING PERIOD 600 $26.00 $15,600.00 600 $30.00 $18,000.00 4,050.00 $102.53 $415,246.50 1,850.00 $100.05 $185,092.50 3/25/2011 $4,588.00 Short-Term 2,200.00 $99.47 $218,834.00 $403,926.50 5/10/2002 $6,732.00 Long-Term 2,000.00 $125.3846 $250,769.20 2,000.00 $99.00 $198,000.00 7,000.00 $81.252 $568,764.00 3,000.00 $67.2234 $201,670.20 5/15/2011 $42,085.80 Short-Term 3,500.00 $70.2564 $245,897.40 5/12/2005 $38,484.60 Long-Term 500 $65.00 $32,500.00 $480,067.60 2/26/2001 $8,126.00 Long-Term GE Cost Basis Chevron ASSETS ACQUIRED Total Equities $1,250,379.70 Total Cost Basis $1,099,994.10 ($2,400.00) 2/26/2001 ($2,400.00) Long-Term $11,320.00 $52,769.20 5/20/2005 $52,769.20 Long-Term $88,696.40 $150,385.60 = “Covered securities” under the legislation and therefore reportable to the IRS by Schwab once sold. = “Uncovered securities” and therefore reportable to the IRS by the account holder (taxpayer) once sold. For an explanation of covered and uncovered securities, see page 3. 16 APPENDIX APPENDIX: SAMPLE FORM 1099-B Let’s say the account holder sells all of these positions on December 15, 2011. In late January 2012, they would receive a Form 1099-B that might look like this:* Account Number: XXXX-XXXX Taxpayer ID: ***-**-1234 Proceeds from Broker Transactions – 2011 Form 1099-B Description IBM Quantity 600 Sale Date 12/15/11 Cost Basis $18,000.00 Uncovered Y ST/LT Gain LT Gross Proceeds $15,600.00 GE 1850 12/15/11 $185,092.50 N ST $189,680.05 GE 2200 12/15/11 $218,834.00 Y LT $225,566.00 Chevron 2000 12/15/11 $198,000.00 Y LT $250,769.20 Apple Inc. 3000 12/15/11 $201,670.20 N ST $243,756.00 Apple Inc. 3500 12/15/11 $245,897.40 Y LT $284,382.00 Apple Inc. 500 12/15/11 $32,500.00 Y LT $40,626.00 NOTE: THIS IS FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY—IT IS NOT A REPRESENTATION OF WHAT THE NEW FORM 1099-B WILL LOOK LIKE, NOR DOES IT CONTAIN ALL OF THE IRS REQUIRED INFORMATION. 17 © 2010 Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. (Schwab). Member SIPC. All rights reserved. Schwab Advisor ServicesTM (formerly Schwab Institutional®) includes the custody, trading and support services for Schwab. AHA (0610-3272) MKT 56272 (06/10)