UNIDO Support to the Least Developed Countries
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employed and the presentation of the material in this document do not imply the expression of
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Development Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or
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All photos © UNIDO.
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Contents
1. The UNIDO Operational Strategy 2012-2020 for Least Developed Countries
2. UNIDO activities to the benefit of the LDCs
(a) Global forum activities and LDCs
(b) Development of Country Programmes in LDCs
(c) Agro industries and agribusiness development in LDCs
(d) Building productive capacities in LDCs
(e) Promoting Investment in LDCs
(f) Youth and women related programmes
(g) Energy and environment-related initiatives
(h) UNIDO advisory services
3. Strategic partnerships for LDC development agenda
(i) South-south and triangular cooperation
(j) Cooperation with other development partners
(k) UNIDO and the Private Sector
4. Annexes
(l) UNIDO offices in LDCs
(m) Abbreviations
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1. UNIDO Operational Strategy 2012-2020 for Least Developed Countries (LDCs)
UNIDO has consistently accompanied the LDC efforts towards structural change and
economic growth. The current UNIDO Strategy 2012-2020 aims to fill the gap of inclusive
and sustainable industrial development in Least Developed Countries, thereby helping
guide operations within the LDCs. It contains UNIDO’s commitments, which are articulated
around the Istanbul Programme of Action (IPoA) key development priorities. The IPoA
focuses on: productive capacity; agriculture, food security and rural development; trade;
commodities; human and social development; multiple crises and other emerging
challenges; mobilizing financial resources for development and capacity-building; and good
governance at all levels. Emphasis is placed on equity at all levels through empowering the
poor and marginalized and ensuring, among others, gender equality, inclusive and equitable
economic growth and sustainable development.
The UNIDO roadmap encompasses three dimensions, namely (i) Conversion of commodities
into products; (ii) empowerment of communities; and (iii) Regional industrial
infrastructure for value chain development across borders. Gender and youth
mainstreaming in LDC-related activities are addressed as cross-cutting issues. The strategy
builds on ongoing activities developed by UNIDO in LDCs and proposes a comprehensive,
integrated and focused approach to delivering UNIDO technical assistance to LDCs.
The below table relates to the compact for LDCs and includes, among others, the following:
•
•
•
The strategic objectives, which target the commodities, while focusing on the
communities, and using regional industrial infrastructure;
The operational interventions, relating to the enhancement of institutional
capacity-building; building of technological capabilities, promotion of public-private
partnership and support of SME consortia; facilitation of capital flows particularly
into the agro-industry; and encouraging increased South-South and triangular
investment;
The target beneficiaries, ranging from the LDC populations (with focus on young
people and women), ministries, private sector agencies/associations,
industrial/vocational technical centres, SME incubators, LDC firms, and Regional
Economic Commissions (RECs).
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UNIDO COMPACT FOR LDCS
Commodities
Strategic objective
Operational interventions
Outputs
Target beneficiaries
Enhance institutional capacitybuilding for assessing competitive
performance analysis to promote a
developmental state
“Pockets of excellence” are created in influential
government and private sector agencies and
associations.
LDCs develop regional and national industrial policies.
Industrial observatories are created to centralize all
industry-related data in a given country.
Ministry of Industry
Ministry of Planning and
Economic Development
Private sector agencies
Private sector associations
Build technological capabilities,
sequence the policy initiatives for
knowledge- and technology-based
entrepreneurship and reduce the
cost of incremental innovation at the
firm level
LDCs strenghen their national systems of Innovation.
Demonstration centres in promoted products are
established to drive knowledge acquisition and
diffusion of technology for value addition.
Effective entrepreneurship development curricula are
developed, in particular in innovative sectors.
National vocational training institutes are established.
Public-private partnerships are promoted.
Business information centres, enabling vulnerable
groups to be integrated in the modern economy
through ICT, are created.
Technological upgrading and effective transfer of
technology programmes are implemented for SMEs.
Private sector agencies
Private sector associations
industrial technical centres
vocational training centres
SME incubators
Facilitate capital flows particularly
into agro-industry
Credit guarantee funds for agri-SMEs are promoted.
Financial institutions capacities are reinforced.
LDC firms
Promote South-South and triangular
investment and technology flows
South-South capacities are utilized to develop new
productive capacities.
Private sector agencies
Private sector associations
LDC firms
Promote public-private partnership
and supporting SME consortia for
inter-firm technical collaboration
and upgrading
Private sector associations
LDC firms
LDC most vulnerable groups:
women and youth
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Communities
Regional industrial Infrastructure
Strengthen factor conditions,
especially energy for productive use
Renewable energy projects including in particular
minihydro-power plants, biomass projects and solar
projects are developed
LDCs’ most vulnerable groups
(for productive use)
Spread FDI spillover on domestic
capacity and capability-building and
networking with tacit knowledge
Brain-gain programmes are developed for LDCs’
diaspora
Private sector agencies
Private sector associations
LDCs’ diaspora
Establish an inventory of modern
industrial applications of promising
products for regional integration
and establish value chains across
borders
LDCs realize inventories of their resource-based
industrial development potential.
LDCs assess the distance to the technological,
processing, design and marketing frontiers for their
potential capabilities and disseminate pertinent
knowledge accordingly.
Intraregional industrial complementarities for value
addition are promoted by LDCs through regional
industrial growth poles and clusters.
Regional industrial upgrading and quality are
developed by RECs.
The capacities of national accreditation,
standardization, quality and metrology bodies are
enhanced.
Technical support institutions are created to support
industrial upgrading of LDC firms.
LDC firms are upgraded.
Regional economic communities
(Africa and Asia)
Ministry of Industry
Ministry of Planning and
Economic Development
Private sector associations
(national and regional)
Enhance trade capacity-building for
selected products for climbing the
ladder of value addition
RECs
Regional private sector
associations
national accreditation,
standardization, quality and
metrology bodies
SME technical support
institutions
LDC firms
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2. UNIDO activities for the benefit of the LDCs
a) Global forum activities and LDCs
■ Least Developed Countries’ Ministerial Conferences
The LDC high-level conferences are convened biannually and constitute unique platforms provided by
UNIDO to Least Developed Member States and their relevant stakeholders to conduct productive
interactions on industrial development issues pertaining to their specific needs, facilitate strategic
partnerships, and forge common positions and plans of action for inclusive and sustainable industrial
development. To-date, four ministerial meetings were organized, respectively in 2007, 2008, 2009 and
2011.
The upcoming fifth UNIDO LDC Ministerial conference will be held in Lima, Peru, on 30 November 2013
under the theme: “From the Istanbul Plan of Action to the world we want in 2015 and beyond: Implementing
the UNIDO operational strategy”. The 2013 LDC Conference will serve to leverage South-South cooperation
potentialities and mechanisms available in the domain of private sector and SMEs development, productive
capacity building, trade and employment, in cooperation with the BRICS (Brazil, Russian Federation, India,
China and South Africa) and other emerging countries towards implementing the UNIDO LDC operational
Strategy 2012-2020. The conference will also provide an opportunity to explore the role of the women in
the overall agri value chain approach in the Least Developed Countries. It will further provide a platform to
present the Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development (ISID) for LDCs.
The first UNIDO LDC Ministerial conference, “How Can Aid for Trade Transform LDCs?”,
was held in Vienna in 2007, in collaboration with the World Trade Organization (WTO) and
the Group of 77 (G-77). The event pointed to the key role of UNIDO in developing industrial
productive capacity in the least developed economies in order to ensure conformity of
manufactured products with international norms. UNIDO and the World Trade Organization
(WTO) signed a framework agreement pertaining to the Standards and Trade Development
Facility (STDF) during this conference. UNIDO became an implementing and supervisory
agency for the STDF, which is a WTO mechanism providing financing for technical
assistance activities related to international sanitary and phytosanitary standards (SPS).
As a follow up, the second edition of the UNIDO LDC Ministerial
conference held in Siem Reap, Cambodia, in November 2008, pursued the
dialogue on how efficient these instruments should be used for building
supply capacities in LDCs, and focused on an industrial agenda for LDCs.
The conference reaffirmed UNIDO’s and the stakeholders’ full commitment
to address, among others, trade and productive capacity building needs for
LDCs. It was an important step in the multilateral system process through
which UNIDO and the other actors involved in the Aid for Trade (AfT) and
Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) processes.
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The third UNIDO LDC Ministerial conference, ”Impact of the Global Economic Crisis on the
LDCs’ Productive Capacities and Trade Prospects: Threats and Opportunities, was organized in
2009 in collaboration with UN-OHRLLS. The conference resulted in a plan of action to help LDCs
in their efforts to emerge from the crisis and move towards more sustainable industrial
development. The conference also featured a debate on the role of development partners, and
possible synergies between them, in helping LDCs to respond to the effects of the crisis.
Moreover, as the decennial timeframe from the Brussels Programme of Action was coming to an
end in 2011, the event provided the opportunity to assess progress and to plan ahead for the
Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries, which was convened in
May 2011 in Istanbul, Turkey.
Subsequent to the Istanbul conference, the Fourth high level ministerial conference held in
2011 under the theme “LDC IV – The way forward” adopted the UNIDO operational Strategy
2012-2020, which is expected to support the implementation of the common LDC decennial
programme (IPoA). As UNIDO’s contribution to LDC development agenda, it articulates concrete
solutions leading to inclusive growth, industrial development and, ultimately, structural
transformation of the LDCs’ economies. It is anticipated that UNIDO operations under this
strategy will enable the countries to promote sustainable sources of income and employment
through productive capacities.
■ LDC-related events worldwide1
►Africa is home to 2/3 of the LDC group (35 out of a total of 49).
1
Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Central African Republic,
Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea,
Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Laos, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi , Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique,
Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands,
Somalia, South Sudan, Sudan, Timor-Leste, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen, Zambia.
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As a response to the need to accelerate sustainable industrial development in Africa, the
Conference of African Ministers of Industrialization (CAMI) was established in 1975 in
collaboration with the African Union Commission (AUC). Under this pan-African initiative
UNIDO helped formulate the Plan of Action for the Accelerated Industrial Development of
Africa (AIDA).This was done at the request of the AUC and represents one of the major
ongoing initiatives undertaken within the CAMI framework. It is composed of 21 industrial
development programmes and 53 projects, mostly focusing on improving the industrial
production and performance of the countries’ economies, thus creating new employment
opportunities and enhancing private sector development.
The years 2012 and 2013 were instrumental in advancing the overall industrialization
agenda of the continent through the AIDA initiative. In March 2012, a Steering Committee
was launched and additional project concepts designed by the Regional Economic
Commissions (RECs) within the framework of the AIDA were endorsed. The 4th Meeting
held in November 2012, reached agreement on the need to expedite funds mobilization to
enable the implementation of selected projects.
Selected regional projects in the framework of AIDA
In line with agreement reached in CAMI 19, UNIDO provided assistance to
various RECs to elaborate a selected number of the following projects that fall
under seven clusters of the AIDA:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Regional Investment Promotion and Monitoring for Private Sector Led
Development [COMESA, EAC, ECCAS, ECOWAS and SADC]
Industrial Upgrading and Modernization Programme [EAC, ECOWAS, SADC]
Regional Enterprise Development and Investment Promotion Programme
(REDIP) for Private Sector Led Industrialization [EAC]
Regional Programme on Improving Competitiveness of the Private Sector and
Harmonization of Standards and Quality [SADC]
Regional Waste Management Project [SADC]
Study on the Strategic Development of the Packaging Industries in North
Africa: [UMA]
Creation of an African Observatory for Agribusiness [UMA]
Developing a Green Industries’ Programme in Central Africa [ECCAS]
The 20th AU Conference of African Ministers of Industry
(CAMI-20) held in Nairobi, Kenya in June 2013 under the theme
“Accelerating Industrialization in Africa within the Post-2015
Development Agenda” emphasized the financing and resource
mobilization aspects of the AIDA strategy. Other areas of
emphasis include the further enhancement of the role of
sustainable industrialization through South-South cooperation;
private sector development; renewable energy; green industries
development; quality, standards and metrology.
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The Africa Industrialization Day (AID) is an annual event that has been commemorated
on 20 November since 1990. It is celebrated both at UNIDO HQ and field offices on specific
industrial development related themes agreed within the CAMI Bureau framework. The
forthcoming meeting will be held 22 November 2013 in Vienna and in UNIDO field offices in
Africa on “Job creation and entrepreneurship development: a means to accelerate
industrialization in Africa“. In 2011 and 2012 respectively, the symposiums were convened
around the themes “Tackling Energy Poverty in Africa to Increase Productivity and Economic
Development” and “Accelerating Industrialization for Boosting Intra-Africa Trade”.
During the Fifth Tokyo International Conference on African Development (TICAD V),
which took place from 31 May to 3 June 2013, UNIDO made major contributions and
substantive inputs in terms of thematic sessions such as (i) “PSD including trade and
investment as engine of development”; (ii) “Post 2015 Development Agenda”, and side
events on (iii) “Cleaner technologies for Sustainable Industrial Development”; (iv) “Diffusion
of Green Productivity from Asia to Africa: quest for sustainable growth in Africa,; (v)
“investment and technology promotion”. A symposium on “Human Security” was also held.
►The Arab region encompasses 4 LDCs, namely Djibouti, Somalia, Sudan and Yemen.
The First Bahrain International Green Technology Expo and Forum was held in March
2012 under the theme “Green Industries for the provision of employment opportunities”. It
aimed to promote the application of innovative technologies focusing mostly on renewable
energies, energy conservation, waste water management, solid waste management, green
building, green communities and lifestyle technologies. The conference’s outcomes include,
among others:
•
•
•
•
•
Adoption of the concept of Green industries and Green Growth in the Arab
countries;
Reinforcing the principle of “Greening” in various socio-economic areas and the
preparation for RIO+20 meetings;
Increase the awareness on Economic, Social & Environmental benefits resulting
from the adoption of Green Industry policies and techniques;
The importance of the role of Financial Institutions to support investments in Green
Industries in the Arab region;
Role of Green Industry as means for job creation, combating unemployment and
poverty.
UNIDO has played a catalytic role during the 6th Arab-Austrian Economic Forum and
International Conference entitled “Sudan and Europe: Prospects of cooperation for regional
peace and development” held in October 2012 in Vienna. With participants from 17
countries from Europe, the Arab region and Africa, discussions concentrated on ways to
encourage foreign investments in Sudan in order to secure a prosperous future and stability
for the entire region.
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The upcoming meeting “Innovative approach to green growth and job creation in the
Arab region” is scheduled to take place in Cairo from 11 to 13 November 2013. As a followup to the implementation of the United Nations Development Goals (UNDG) Arab States
Strategic Action Plan on Youth Issues (2010-2011), the Expert Group Meeting (EGM) will
work toward a better understanding of the challenges facing the creation of green jobs,
identify promising initiatives and examples for the creation of green jobs and the promotion
of youth employment. It is expected that the meeting will propose policy recommendations
at the global, regional and national levels.
►Asia and the Pacific is composed of 13 LDCs: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan,
Cambodia, Kiribati, Laos, Myanmar, Nepal, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Timor-Leste, Tuvalu,
and Vanuatu.
The high-level Fifth Regional Economic Cooperation Conference on Afghanistan was
held in March 2012 in Dushanbe under the topic of Stability and prosperity. It brought
together representatives of more than 40 countries. The conference looked at ways to
consolidate cooperation and partnership towards peace and prosperity in Afghanistan and
reviewed a number of projects including 17 pipeline projects to which UNIDO had
contributed.
The Round Table Asia 2050 in September 2012 in Vienna provided a platform for the
policy makers in Asia to envisage the future inclusive and sustainable development in the
region, and strengthened the partnership with the Asian Development Bank and other
international organizations. It also gave the opportunity to discuss the increased
importance of interregional cooperation on inclusive and sustainable development as well
as interregional cooperation initiative of the development of the Eurasia Economic Growth
Belt.
UNIDO in cooperation with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of the
People’s Republic of China (MIIT) organized the Third Green Industry Conference, with a
focus on promoting the rapid uptake of green industry in harmony with the Earth’s
ecosystems, from 7 to 9 November 2013 in Guangzhou, China. The three-day event brought
together more than 750 participants from 40 countries, including high-level government
officials, representatives of the private sector, civil society, academics and experts in the
field. Participants agreed on the importance of scaling up investments for Green Industry, as
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well as the replication of known good practices and monitoring towards Green Industry
targets using appropriate indicators. As a concrete outcome, a promotion of the particular
interest of women in green industry and creation of a women-in-green-industry network in
the framework of the Green Industry Platform will be initiated with governments, business
associations and enterprises.
Other UNIDO events of relevance to LDCs
The conference - organized in February 2012 by IPACK-IMA with the support of WFP, FAO, the
International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD) and UNIDO was held in Milan, Italy and
focussed on processing and packaging technologies- It further highlighted UNIDO’s contribution to
promoting food safety and food security in Africa from farm gate to consumer.
UNIDO presented a paper at the 2012 Poverty Reduction, Equity, and Growth Network’s conference
entitled Beyond Corporate Social Responsibility: public-private partnerships in agroindustry
development. The theme of the Conference, held in Dakar, was “How to make African economic lions:
tapping Africa’s growth and poverty reduction potentials”. UNIDO gave a presentation on the options
for building competitive economies in a changing world. In addition, UNIDO co-organized a workshop
in Benin enabling 200 young entrepreneurs from various LDCs to exchange best practices on
agribusiness entrepreneurship and value chain development.
UNIDO co-organized an international conference entitled “Making the connections: Value chains to
transform smallholder agriculture”, held in Addis Ababa in November, that drew over 500
participants. Value chains that received special attention in 2012 included cashew nuts (United
Republic of Tanzania), dairy products (Rwanda), fisheries (Bangladesh, Sudan), fruits and vegetables
(Ethiopia, United Republic of Tanzania), and meat (United Republic of Tanzania) .
In March of 2012, an Ethiopia-Italy Trade & Investment Forum was held in Rome. The initiative aimed
at improving the economic and industrial relations between the Ethiopian and the Italian business
communities as well as promoting Ethiopian investment opportunities available in several industrial
sectors
The Uganda – GCC Investors Forum held in May 2012 and facilitated by ITPO Bahrain was aimed at
creating a platform for Ugandan investors to discuss business collaboration with potential investors,
representatives of key private sector bodies, and investment banks.
In November 2012, UNIDO hosted and co-organized in Vienna the fifth annual Global South-South
Development Expo (GSSD Expo) under the theme: Investing in Energy and Climate Change: Inclusive
Partnerships for Sustainable Development’ in conjunction with more than 20 UN agencies and partners
This symposium gathered more than 600 participants (private sector stakeholders, development
partners) from 150 countries (including LDCs). It highlighted successful development solutions, as well
as the efforts of the UN system to generate momentum toward sustainable development.
The Vienna Energy Forum (VEF) 2013 was held under the theme “One year after Rio+20: the energy
future we want”. Launched in 2009, the VEF has become a biennial global event for initiating and
conducting debates, discussions and exchange of information on industrial development issues related
to sustainable energy.
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b) Development of Country Programmes in LDCs
Soon after the endorsement of the Operational Strategy during the Ministerial Conference in
November 2011, and in order to fulfil the high-level management commitments, several
needs assessment and formulation missions have been conducted. Thus outcomes are
translated into development of Country Programmes (CPs) and represent country-level
strategic programming framework for UNIDO interventions. CPs are driven by countries
needs and government's priorities, with the vision and mission to strengthen the
effectiveness, impact, and visibility of UNIDO assistance to the Least Developed Countries
through a comprehensive approach, which creates complementarities between UNIDO
services and projects, and, to the extent possible, with the assistance provided by other
development partners and by the UN agencies in the countries under the UN development
assistance framework (UNDAF). The CPs aim to address economic development issues,
thereby contributing to inclusive and sustainable industrial development in LDCs.
Components include agro industries and agribusiness development, Productive capacity
building, vocational training, investment promotion, renewable energy, and environment,
and include cross-cutting issues related to women and young people. The methodological
framework currently under development on youth, titled IDEA (Innovation, Development
and Entrepreneurship for All) aggregates UNIDO’s extensive experience in MSME
development, youth employment, entrepreneurship programmes, training and skills
upgrading, access to markets, innovative financial schemes, and access to clean energy. The
CPs will widely benefit from this combined expertise.
So far, 12 LDCs (11 in Africa and 1 in Asia) have been covered at various stages of
development, namely Burkina Faso, Chad, Guinea, Lesotho, Mozambique, Niger, Senegal,
Sierra Leone, Togo, Uganda and Zambia. The Country Programme in Afghanistan has been
ongoing since 2009 and contains three main components, inter alia (i) Support to national
institutions through industrial competitiveness and trade capacity building; (ii)
Sustainable livelihoods, food security and income opportunities through private sector
development; and (iii) Basic services on education, health, and clean environment.
UNIDO and the Government of Niger strengthen cooperation
26 June 2013 - Niger’s Minister of State for Mines and Industrial Development, and the Director General of the
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), signed a joint declaration agreeing to
cooperate closely on the preparation and implementation of a new country programme. The programme,
entitled “Enhancing food security and income generation through sustainable revitalization of the meat, milk
and cowpea value chains”, has a total budget of nearly USD 12.5 million. It will focus on agro-industries and
agribusiness development, as well as on investment promotion; the promotion of small and medium
enterprises and entrepreneurship, especially for young people and women; trade capacity building through
the upgrading of industry; and industrial governance and statistics. The aim is to help producers working in
the field of agro-industries and agribusiness reach wider markets, increase productivity through the
introduction of modern technologies and sustainable energy generation, and ultimately offer consumers
cheaper and safer products. The country programme is fully aligned with the aims and objectives of Niger’s
recently agreed Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (Le Programme de Développement Economique et Social
du Niger - PDES 2012-2015).
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■ Technical cooperation
c) Agro industries and agribusiness development in LDCs
UNIDO plays a prominent role
on
the
international
agribusiness development stage
and is a lead agency in the
Accelerated Agribusiness and
Agro-industries
Development
Initiative (3ADI). In the current
global economic landscape with
recurring food crises and high
demand for various agricultural
commodities,
agro-industries
and agribusiness appear to be
reliable engines of inclusive
growth in the LDCs. The UNIDO
LDC Strategy aims to convert
LDCs’
resource
based
comparative advantages into competitiveness through value-addition to primary
commodities. This is essential to promote sustainable sources of income and employment
through productive capacities, leading to economic transformation. The 3ADI represents
the main component of country programmes being developed for the benefit of the LDCs.
The 3ADI has been implementing its activities worldwide, including in African, Middle
Eastern and Latin American LDCs.
The below table lists countries with selected value chains:
Country
Selected value chains
Afghanistan
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Comoros
Democratic Rep. of the Congo(DRC)
Guinea
Haiti
Liberia
Madagascar
Rwanda
Niger
Sierra Leone
South Sudan
Sudan
United Republic of Tanzania
Uganda
wheat milling
sesame, red meat, shea butter
oil palm, fruit and vegetables, fish, honey, dairy (tentative)
vanilla, ylang ylang
Palm Oil, cassava
shea butter, cassava
tubers (yams and sweet potatoes)
rice, timber and rubber wood, fruit and vegetables, fish
artisanal sugar
Livestock, milk
red meat, cowpeas
ginger, cashew nuts
cereals
leather (hides and skins)
red meat, cashew nuts
bananas
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By 2020, the technical assistance, reforms and attraction of private sector investment
through the 3ADI programme are expected to result in productive and profitable
agricultural value chains wherein:
• SMEs effectively linked to domestic/regional markets;
• Income of producers increased through participation in value addition processes;
• Higher value and differentiated agricultural products supplied to local, regional and global
markets;
• Higher proportion of consumer price retained in countries where primary production
takes place;
• Natural resources utilized in an overall sustainable manner;
• Sector provides an effective basis for industrialization and generation of increased
employment;
• A second round of countries is expected to join the 3ADI framework during its second year
of implementation. A flow of private sector funds into the agri-business sector in 3ADI
countries to be facilitated.
→ On Value chains: “While in the developed world, consumers are generally responsible for food
wastage, in some extreme cases in the developing world poor management along the food chain
means that only half the raw product harvested is finally available for consumption”.
UNIDO has been carrying out studies of post-harvest losses of the main food commodities in
ASEAN countries including Cambodia, and Lao People’s Democratic Republic, as well as on each
country’s policies and priorities with respect to post-harvest losses. Depending on the country,
the studies covered rice and maize, cassava, fish and coffee, as well as a selection of fruits and
vegetables. They assessed the extent of the losses at various stages from farm to retailer,
examined post-harvest technologies currently in use as well as existing support frameworks
and made recommendations based on which UNIDO could formulate technical cooperation
programmes to reduce post-harvest losses.
Strategic partnerships for Agribusiness development:
UNIDO participates in the technical assistance facility (TAF) of
the African Agriculture Fund (AAF) as one of the main
promoters and technical advisors. The AAF TAF aims to
enhance the development impact of the AAF investments by
providing technical assistance services for:
(a) Improvement of access to rural finance for smallholder
farmers supplying AAF portfolio companies;
(b) facilitation of business linkages between AAF portfolio
companies and smallholder farmers through the development
of outgrower schemes;
(c) capacity development of the SMEs that the AAF invests in.
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d) Building productive capacities in LDCs
In the LDCs, UNIDO provides customer-focused and integrated technical assistance in the
areas of competitiveness, trade policies, industrial modernization and upgrading,
compliance with trade standards, testing methods and metrology.
Solomon Islands and Vanuatu are among the beneficiary countries of the initiative
entitled: “Strengthening the capacities of small-scale businesses in the Tuna fisheries and
related value chains for food security in South Pacific”. For a total budget of € 4,652,843, the
period of the project is 2014-2016. The South Pacific region has sufficient fisheries
resources, including the world largest tuna stocks, which could support an increased
availability of fish catches for food in the region, and sustain competitive supply side
capacities of fish and fish products for food security and rural development. This is
especially in view of the growing demand for fish and fish products by the island
populations.
In 2013, Sudan and UNIDO signed the Industrial Modernization Programme of the
Republic of Sudan that aims at unleashing the productive potential of the target groups by
promoting productive activities, industrial policies, institution building and industrial
support services to the identified priority sectors.
The project “Supporting economic revitalisation through income generation and employment
creation in Somaliland” commenced in May 2012. It is a response to the urgent needs for
skills development, especially capacity building through training on the construction,
manufacturing and service industries.
Inauguration of Mozambique's new metrology laboratory by the President
“Trade, economic and private sector development are central to Mozambique’s sustainable
development and poverty alleviation agenda. Although the government is increasingly prioritizing
the promotion of inclusive economic growth through the development of small and medium-sized
enterprises and industry, Mozambique still faces obstacles to compete in international markets
because of the shortcomings of national quality infrastructure,”
The UNIDO project “Competing with quality” will help enhance the competitiveness of private sector
companies in Mozambique by developing the country’s capacity in the field of quality infrastructure.
The strengthening of the metrology system in the country promotes consumers’ confidence, protects
businesses from unfair competition, reduces barriers to trade and helps Mozambique compete in the
global trading system.
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The project “Trade capacity building programme to promote the integration of Haiti into
CARICOM and to facilitate the implementation of the Economic Partnership Agreements (EPA)
between the EU and CARIFORUM” was initiated after the January 2010 earthquake. UNIDO
conducted a mission to Haiti in order to reassess the situation in the light of the disaster and
seek possible cooperation windows in the country. As a follow-up to the programme aiming
to strengthen the institutional capacity of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, UNIDO
has implemented trade and competitiveness policies, to drive trade negotiations and to
strengthen the competitiveness of the private sector.
Quality Infrastructure (standardization, metrology, accreditation and conformity
assessment) is used by businesses and government to optimize production, health,
consumer protection, environment, security and quality. UNIDO designs and implements
projects that aim at establishing and strengthening the regional quality infrastructure
together with the development and implementation of the regional and national quality
policies and quality promotion strategies. Apart from the regional initiatives UNIDO is also
strengthening and developing quality infrastructure at the national level, as is the case in
Myanmar. Other UNIDO projects are ongoing in LDCs such as Bhutan, Mozambique,
Nepal, and Zambia, where more than 60 national calibration and testing laboratories were
supported on their path towards accreditation. In addition, UNIDO supported the
development of quality policies in countries including Bangladesh, Malawi, and Sierra
Leone. The projects on Development of Safety and Quality Infrastructure for Fishery Sector
are on the agenda in Timor-Leste in cooperation with the Ministry of energy.
An ongoing project UN Trade Cluster Programme: Enhancing Sustainable Tourism, Cleaner
Production and Export Capacity is underway in Lao PDR.
17
Regional projects include:
•
The West Africa Quality Programme (WAQP) whose overall objective was to strengthen regional
economic integration and trade by creating an environment that facilitates compliance with
international trade rules and technical regulations. Other programmes with similar approaches
include EAC.
•
Trade Capacity building in the Mekong Delta (including Cambodia) through strengthening
institutional and national capacities related to standards, metrology, testing and quality (SMTQ).
•
As part of a large-scale project for the least developed countries in South Asia, UNIDO provided
support to Bhutan on market access and trade facilitation through strengthening the country’s
institutional and national capacities in the field of standards, metrology, testing and quality. The
project has triggered a marked acceleration in the country’s economic growth, reducing
technical barriers to trade through the strengthening of institutional structures and national
capacities in standards, metrology, testing, quality and conformity assessment.
The Better Work and Standards Programme (BEST) is intended to strengthen the
national quality infrastructure for selected products by complying with international norms
and practices on safety and quality requirements for export. Burundi and Sudan are two
examples of countries benefitting from the BEST programme, which will improve their
competitiveness by taking advantage of global market opportunities. In Bangladesh the
BEST Programme aims to improve industrial productivity and competitiveness of the
private sector, and enhance export capability. It focuses on the sectors of Fisheries,
Textiles and Garments. A project on Better Quality and Safety of Fish and Fishery
products for improving fish trade development is ongoing in Cambodia. Three new
projects were formulated early this year in Afghanistan to develop standards for seven
sectors (Petroleum products, food, construction materials, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics,
metrology, electrical goods and textiles).
e) Promoting Investment in LDCs
Since 2011, Subcontracting and Partnership Exchange Centres (SPXs) were established in
several African LDCs, in particular Ethiopia, Mozambique, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda and
Zambia. The objective of the SPX Centres is to stimulate linkages between foreign investors
with operations in LDCs and local subcontractors in sectors such as metal fabrication,
rubber and plastics, electronics, packaging and industrial services.
UNIDO in cooperation with ABD (Agri-Business Development Unit) developed a business
plan for piloting Integrated Agro-Food Parks (IAFP) in Ethiopia. In the framework of the
project, UNIDO provides technical support in the mapping and profiling exercise of at least
50 companies focusing on existing companies, particularly women-led and those processing
traditional products, in order to boost national and international investment for the
selected companies.
Investment Promotion Agencies (IPAs) are located in the following LDCs in Africa: Burkina
Faso, Burundi, Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique,
Niger, Rwanda, Senegal, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, and Zambia. The
Investor Survey, the Investment Monitoring Platform and the Capacity Building components
of the Programme were implemented in these countries.
18
The Enterprise Development and Investment Promotion Programme that was first
implemented in Bahrain in cooperation with UNIDO ITPO Bahrain has since been
successfully replicated in 11 LDCs: Sierra Leone, Gambia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Uganda,
Mozambique, Laos, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Yemen, and Sudan. The primary function of
EDIP is to stimulate the emergence of new enterprises and facilitate the growth of existing
ones. The EDIP Center in Sudan has been very active in providing support to potential
Sudanese entrepreneurs.
UNIDO has developed a comprehensive approach on cluster and network development
in order to increase industrial competitiveness and reduce poverty through productive
activities. Senegalese SMEs are assisted in expanding their export alliances by granting
better access to national, regional and international markets.
f) Youth and women related programmes
UNIDO has successfully implemented projects for productive work for youth in over 15
LDCs countries and developed an integrated approach which applies different service
modules according to the specific needs of the country and target group. Applied modules
include, among others, (i) the enterprise development and investment promotion approach;
(ii) the Innovation, Development and Entrepreneurship for All (IDEA) approach; and (iii)
modules combining financial and non-financial support for young entrepreneurs.
Vocational training and entrepreneurship development is one of the strategic elements
in UNIDO’s efforts towards helping young people. UNIDO has expanded activities to build up
technical and entrepreneurial skills in Angola and Mozambique by supporting the
respective Ministries of Education in developing and testing vital tools such as syllabi,
teachers’ guides, students’ textbooks and teacher training manuals. The Angolese
Government’s plan is to roll out the curriculum to the whole country, potentially reaching
500,000 students.
19
The project “Youth empowerment through training in operation, maintenance and repair of
agricultural machinery for income generation and livelihood development” is underway in
Myanmar. UNIDO recently with great success completed handed over to the government of
Timor Leste the project “Bamboo skill Development and Demonstration Centre”. The
Bamboo Centre itself has developed as an industrial unit for the production of bamboo
laminates and products. It has simultaneously grown into a Centre for the demonstration of
viable bamboo industrial technologies and for training and skill development of apprentices
from all over the country.
The project “Creative Entrepreneurship to support Tourism Development, for Job Creation and
Poverty Alleviation” intends to alleviate poverty by stimulating community re-vitalization
and job creation through productive activities, especially targeting young persons and
women as its primary beneficiaries (e.g. Bhutan and Mozambique).
New skills help young people enter South Sudanese clothing market
A UNIDO project is supporting the Government of South Sudan in its efforts to secure peace,
reduce poverty and foster sustainable social and economic development
Entitled “Integration and progress through protection and empowerment of displaced groups in
South Sudan”, the project is helping develop a marketable fashion with cultural identity. Three
product design workshops have so far taken place. They featured invited designers, artists and
professors.
Participants were trained to use sewing machines, and learnt that even elements of waste like
plastic bags, old textiles and paper could be used to produce original works. Equipped with
acquired creative skills in textile design and starter kits that include a sewing machine and
materials, participants now have the necessary start-up elements that can help them grow
their own businesses.
20
.
An independent evaluation was conducted on the UNIDO project in Somalia, which aim was
to promote integration and reduce the effect of conflict by fostering economic recovery and
increasing resilience in the presence of droughts among marginalized groups, including
women and young. It was highly rated and currently recommended for continuation.
g) Energy and environment related initiatives
Energy is a prerequisite for poverty reduction, and UNIDO assists the LDCs in promoting
sustainable patterns of industrial consumption and production, thereby helping them reach
sustainable economic and environmental goals. Enhancing energy for productive use is a
key component of UNIDO’s 2011-2020 LDC strategy.
UNIDO has successfully implemented the establishment of renewable energy mini-grids in
African rural regions (hydropower plants and solar panels). In Chad, Uganda, and Zambia,
UNIDO has supported the development of hydropower mini-grids in order to provide
renewable energy to communities and small businesses. The central aim is to establish a
21
continuing legal and policy framework, providing a favourable environment for the future
development of abundant renewable resources in the LDCs.
At the regional level, UNIDO is the main technical partner of the Economic Community of
West African States (ECOWAS) in the establishment process of the ECOWAS Centre for
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREE). It is expected to replicate this successful
model in both the Southern African Development Community (SADCECREE) and the East
African Community (EAC) by assisting with the creation of similar regional sustainable
energy centres. In the Asian region, the project on Green Industry for Low Carbon Growth
are ongoing in Cambodia, Lao PDR and Myanmar in cooperation with the National
Technical Training Institute and Ministries of Environment.
The joint UNIDO-United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) programme that works
with National Cleaner Production Centres (NCPCs) and other organizations to adapt and
adopt the Resource Efficient and Cleaner Production (RECP) programme in a range of
countries, including in LDCs (e.g Uganda). Ethiopia is being supported for the
establishment of collection and dismantling systems for electronic waste as an E-Waste
project. In cooperation with Global Environment Facility (GEF), UNIDO is rapidly
establishing a specialized role for improving the management and reduction of mercury,
including from artisanal (gold) mining in three LDCs, namely Burkina Faso, Mali and
Senegal.
Together with UNEP and the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), UNIDO initiated the
Collaborative Actions for Sustainable Tourism (COAST) Project “Conservation of coastal and
marine ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa” with funds from the Global Environment Facility.
The aim of the project is to reduce the degradation of coastal and marine environments and
to enhance sustainability. Currently, the project is being implemented in Gambia,
Mozambique, Senegal, and the United Republic of Tanzania.
In cooperation with National Cleaner Production Centres (NCPC), UNIDO is implementing
projects aiming at higher resource efficiency and cleaner production in selected supply
chains. Under the supply chain management component of the Accelerated Industrial
Development in Africa (AIDA), the project consists of an environmental performance
assessment and further builds national expertise on cleaner production (e.g. Ethiopia,
Guinea, and United Republic of Tanzania).
22
h) Selected advisory services
Statistics: Statisticians and economists from 12 French-speaking countries, of which 11
were Least Developed Countries from sub-Saharan Africa, received training from UNIDO on
the basic concepts and methods of industrial statistics, putting emphasis on the recent
revisions in international recommendations and classification standards (International
Recommendations for Industrial Statistics, 2008). The training aimed to enable the
participants to apply international recommendations and standards in the collection,
compilation and dissemination of industrial statistics. This will help put in place an efficient
statistical system in LDCs to monitor industrial development and contribute to evidencebased industrial policy-making. However such an undertaking requires additional and
tailor-made technical assistance projects, as LDCs have different statistical capacities.
Starting with the Programme and Budget 2012-2013, UNIDO revived a dedicated service to
provide Member States with the necessary analytical and strategy-setting capacities that are
at the core of evidence-based industrial policies. The Strategic Industrial Intelligence and
Governance programme is the centerpiece of the programming activities being undertaken
in Burkina Faso, Chad, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lesotho, Niger, Sierra Leone,
United Republic of Tanzania, and Zambia.
Research: In terms of research activities, much of the work in the period 2011-13 was
focused on advocating towards greater policy space for commodity exporting low-income
countries, through publications such as Economic Development in Africa Report 2011 (in
collaboration with UNCTAD) under the title "Fostering industrial development in Africa in
the new global environment". It provides an overview of the stages, performance and
lessons learned from the previous attempts at promoting industrial development in Africa.
It also introduces a strategic framework for industrial development and makes suggestions
for a new industrial policy, indicating how this may need to be calibrated to the new global
environment. Other important inputs in the policy debate were produced under the title
“Promoting Industrial Diversification in Resource Intensive Economies” (with a full section
on the experience of LDCs in sub-Saharan Africa or “Commodities for Industrial
Development: Making Linkages Work”. Finally, the 2013 Industrial Development Report,
launched in December 2013 under the title “Sustaining Employment Growth: The Role of
Manufacturing and Structural Change” contains ample sections devoted to a review of the
performance of LDCs with specific policy suggestions.
Other
publications
relevant
to
http://www.unido.org/publications.html.
LDCs
are
available
online:
4. Strategic partnerships for LDC Development Agenda
i) South-South and Triangular Cooperation
South-South Industrial Cooperation (SSIC) involves national and regional institutions that
influence industrial development, in particular Ministries of Industry and private industry
organizations. It is based on the principles of inclusive and sustainable industrial
development and aims to reap the benefits of industry, such as the creation of jobs,
decreased dependence on raw materials, technological progress and enhanced
competitiveness. SSIC takes place between developing countries, and when facilitated and
23
supported by external actors such as UNIDO, it becomes triangular industrial development
cooperation. UNIDO SSIC overall objectives are to overcome the barriers to, and mobilize
the vast potential for cooperation among developing countries and the promotion of
Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development (ISID) and international industrial
cooperation. Specific objectives are: (i) Foster joint learning among developing countries in
areas of common interest; (ii) Identify southern industrial development solutions and
modalities that respond to specific needs of developing countries; (iii) Create lasting
partnerships among institutions/actors from developing countries; (iv) Mobilize additional
resources from developing countries’ financial resources to promote ISID.
For instance, UNIDO continues its contribution to technology and know-how transfer
through its South-South Cooperation Centres in China and India. From 2011 to 2013,
UCSSIC/China implemented a project entitled: "UNIDO-China food quality, safety and testing
facility" in the south western province of Yunnan with an aim to strengthen the capacity of
technicians from both China and other developing countries working on regular testing of
food quality and safety for the peoples' well-being. During the 2-year project period, a total
of 10 training sessions were conducted with participants amounting to 108, of which 41
were from 15 developing countries including 6 LDCs from Asia and Africa. In Myanmar the
project entitled: Empowerment through Capacity Building on Sustainable Bamboo
Community Development for Rural Livelihoods and Poverty Reduction holds a potential
funding through the South-South Cooperation Centre in India; the same applies to the
project on: Promotional of renewable Technology in the Rice Milling Sector. UCSSIC/India
transferred solar energy technology to Bangladesh and bamboo manufacturing technology
to Timor-Leste.
j) Cooperation with other development partners
The Programme proposal to Strengthen Productive and Trade Capacities in Yemen is a
joint Enhanced Integrated Framework (EIF) proposal designed in early 2011 to be carried
out by UNIDO, ITC and UNCTAD. In order to achieve this, UNIDO will work with
counterparts in Yemen and in other organizations to implement the next EIF cycle, viewing
it as a way forward in assisting LDCs in integrating their economies into the global
multilateral trading system through strengthening their respective competitive advantages.
24
In Myanmar, UNIDO cooperates with FAO, WHO, WFP and UNICEF to implement the
project on the Joint Programme on Child Nutrition by introducing improved and appropriate
agricultural tools, machinery and storage at villages to support local micro and small-scale
industry.
Access to Essential Medicines in developing and least developed countries
In 2011, the AUC Commissioner for Social Affairs invited UNIDO to form a partnership to accelerate the
implementation of the Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plan for Africa (PMPA).
UNIDO has since been an active member of the United Nations Interagency Pharmaceutical Committee. In
this initiative UNIDO’s assistance goes beyond its traditional mandate and positions the organization at
the interface between industrial development and public health. A meeting in Vienna in November 2011
led to the formation of a consortium of core implementation partners including UNDP, the Joint United
Nations Programme of HIV/AIDS, WHO and the African Development Bank and other relevant partners.
Some US$50 million are required to implement the Business Plan for the first five years of the
Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Plan for Africa (PMPA). UNIDO was tasked by the African Commission to
take the lead on resources mobilization and management. Further activities include the development of
solution packages, and awareness-raising at various levels. Results of the project include, among others:
•
•
•
Formation and development of private sector trade associations such as the Federation of
African Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association (FAPMA)
Partnership with University of St. Gallen in Switzerland to develop a technical assistance
programme on operational excellence in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals
Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) assessments conducted in 14 companies from 2 selected
countries form the basis for the development of a broader GMP roadmap concept, an integral
component of the holistic approach to transition all manufacturers to international standards of
production.
k) UNIDO and the Private Sector
UNIDO considers business as an engine for economic development, and believes that
inclusive economic growth is key to poverty reduction efforts. As the expiry date for the
MDGs approaches in 2015, a recurring theme in this debate is how to better involve the
private sector in the design and implementation of the new set of goals.The private sector
has thus become more open to the idea of working with multilateral organizations. In this
perspective UNIDO has multiplied its collaborations with the private sector, concluding
several new business partnerships in strategic areas with the objectives of building local
productive capacity, enhancing social inclusion and promoting environmental
sustainability. UNIDO moved away from more traditional philanthropic partnerships
towards new models of social investment, core business and value chain collaborations.
Another predominant trend that has shaped business partnerships over the last decade is
the increase of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) codes in global supply chains.
25
5. Annexes
UNIDO in the LDCs
UNIDO maintains a field network of 29 regional and country offices around the world
(including 6 LDCs). In addition, 11 UNIDO Desks located in LDCs are operational, out of a
total of 17.The presence of UNIDO in the Least Developed Countries reflects the
organization’s willing to bring UNIDO’s expertise as close as possible to these Member
States. Moreover it is becoming crucial as the operations within the countries require
increasingly more decentralization of decision-making processes at the national level,
including those related to the UN Reform and the ONE UN pilots.
The table below gives a detailed distribution of the LDCs per continent as well as UNIDO
type of coverage; it also indicates their membership to the main regional and sub-regional
Organizations.
26
Table of UNIDO’s presence in the LDCs
Africa
LDCs
UNIDO Coverage
Regional and Sub-regional
Organizations
Angola
Benin
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Central African Republic (CAR)
Chad
Comoros
South Africa (R.O)
Nigeria (R.O)
Burkina Faso (U.D) / Nigeria (R.O)
Ethiopia (R.O)
Cameroon (C.O)
Cameroon (C.O)
Madagascar (C.O)
Democratic Rep. of the Congo
Djibouti
Cameroon (C.O)
Sudan (U.D)
Equatorial Guinea
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Gambia
Guinea
Guinea-Bissau
Lesotho
Liberia
Madagascar
Malawi
Cameroon (C.O)
Kenya (C.O)
Ethiopia (R.O)
Senegal (C.O)
Guinea (C.O)
Senegal (C.O)
South Africa (R.O)
Guinea (C.O)
Madagascar (U.D)
South Africa (R.O)
Mali
Mauritania
Nigeria (R.O)
Senegal (C.O)
Mozambique
Niger
Rwanda
Sao Tomé and Principe
Senegal
Sierra Leone
Somalia
South Sudan
Sudan
Mozambique (U.D)/South Africa (R.O)
Nigeria (R.O)
Rwanda (U.D) / Ethiopia (R.O)
Cameroon (C.O)
Senegal (C.O)
Sierra Leone (U.D) / Guinea (C.O)
Headquarter (H.Q)
Kenya (R.O)
Sudan (U.D)
SADC / ECA
ECOWAS /UEMOA / ECA
ECOWAS / UEMOA / ECA
ECCAS / ECA
ECCAS / CEMAC / ECA
ECCAS / CEMAC / ECA
SADC /League of Arab States /
ECA
SADC / ECCAS / ECA
COMESA / League of Arab
States / ECA
ECCAS / CEMAC
ECA
ECA
ECOWAS / ECA
ECOWAS / ECA
ECOWAS / UEMOA / ECA
SADC / ECA
ECOWAS / ECA
SADC / COMESA / ECA
SADC / COMESA / ECA
ECOWAS / UEMOA / ECA
League of Arab States / Arab
Mahgreb Union / ECA
SADC / ECA
ECOWAS / UEMOA / ECA
ECCAS / ECA
ECCAS / ECA
ECOWAS / UEMOA / ECA
ECOWAS / ECA
League of Arab States
COMESA / League of Arab
States / ECA
27
Togo
Tanzania
Uganda
Zambia
Ghana (C.O)
Tanzania (U.D)
Uganda (U.D) / Ethiopia (R.O)
South Africa (R.O)
ECOWAS / UEMOA / ECA
EAC / ECA
EAC / ECA
SADC / COMESA / ECA
Asia-Pacific
Afghanistan
Bhutan
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Kiribati
Lao P.D.R
Myanmar
Nepal
Samoa
Solomon Island
Timor Leste
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
Yemen2
Afghanistan (U.D)/India (R.O)
India (R.O)
Bangladesh(U.D) /India (R.O)
Cambodia (U.D)/Thailand (R.O)
Headquarter (H.Q)
Lao P.D.R (U.D) / Thailand (R.O)
Thailand (R.O)
India (R.O)
Headquarter (H.Q)
Headquarter (H.Q)
Indonesia (U.D)
Headquarter (H.Q)
Headquarter (H.Q)
Sudan (U.D)
ECO / ESCAP
SAARC / ESCAP
SAARC / ESCAP
ASEAN / ESCAP
Pacific Islands Forum / ESCAP
ASEAN / ESCAP
ASEAN / ESCAP
SAARC / ESCAP
Pacific Islands Forum
Pacific Islands Forum
ESCAP
Pacific Islands Forum
Pacific Islands Forum
League of Arab States
Latina America and the Caribbean
Haiti
Mexico (R.O)
CARICOM, ECLAC
R.O = Regional Office
C.O = Country Office
U.D = UNIDO Desk
H.Q = Headquarter
2
Middle East
28
Abbreviations
AAF ...................................................................................................................................................African Agricultural Fund
3ADI ......................................................Accelerated Agribusiness and Agro-Industries Development Initiative
AFD............................................................................................................................Agence Française de Développement
AfDB...............................................................................................................................................African Development Bank
AfT ..............................................................................................................................................................................Aid for Trade
AFRiMETs…………………………………………………………………………………………intra-Africa Metrology system
AfriPANet……………………………………………………………….African investment Promotion Agency Network
AID……………………………………………..…………………………………………………..........Africa Industrialization Day
AIDA……………………………………………………………………...….. Accelerated Industrial Development of Africa
AUC………………………………………………………………………………………………………...African Union Commission
BPoA .............................................................The Brussels Programme of Action for Least Developed Countries
CAMI…………………………………………………………………………….. Conference of African Ministers of industry
COMESA..........................................................................................Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
DDA……………………………………………………………………………………………………….Doha Development Agenda
DFI .....................................................................................................................................Development Finance Institution
EAC…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… East African Community
ECCAS………………………………………………………………………Economic Community of Central African States
ECREE…………………………………………...ECOWAS Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
ECOSOC ....................................................................................................................................Economic and Social Council
ECOWAS……………………………………………....................................Economic Community of West African States
EIF ……………………………………………………………………………………………….Enhanced Integrated Framework
ESCAP..............................................................................Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
EU .........................................................................................................................................................................European Union
FAO ............................................................................................................................. Food and Agricultural Organization
FDI ...................................................................................................................................................Foreign Direct Investment
G-77 ..............................................................................................................................................................................Group of 77
GDP ......................................................................................................................................................Gross Domestic Product
GSSD Expo..........................................................................................................Global South-South Development Expo
29
HDI ............................................................................................................................................... Human Development Index
IDEA……………………………………………...…..Innovation, Development and Entrepreneurship for All
ISID .................................................................................................Inclusive and Sustainable Industrial Development
IPoA ........................................................................Istanbul Programme of Action for Least Developed Countries
LDC ....................................................................................................................................................Least Developed Country
LDC-IV ....................................................Fourth United Nations Conference on the Least Developed Countries
MDGs ...................................................................................................................................Millennium Development Goals
NGO ....................................................................................................................................Non-governmental Organization
ODA .....................................................................................................................................Official Development Assistance
POPs …………………………………………………………………………………………………..persistent organic pollutants
PPP .................................................................................................................................................Private-Public Partnership
REAP……………………………………………………………...Responsible Entrepreneurs Achievement Programme
RECP………………………………………………………………………………...resource efficient and cleaner production
RECs………………………………………………………………………………...………….. Regional Economic Commissions
REDIP……………………………...Regional Enterprise Development and Investment Promotion Programme
SADC……………………………………………………………………………..Southern African Development Community
SADCECREE ………………………………………SADC Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
SAARC………………………………………………………………….…South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
SMEs .........................................................................................................................Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
SS-GATE ...................................................................................South-South Global Asset and Technology Exchange
SSC .................................................................................................................................................... South-South Cooperation
TAF .............................................................................................................................................Technical Assistance Facility
UCSSIC ..................................................................................UNIDO Centre for South-South Industrial Cooperation
UMA…………………………………………….. ……………….....................................................................Arab Maghreb Union
UN .......................................................................................................................................................................... United Nations
UNCTAD ………………………………………………………United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
UNDAF………………………….. ………………………………..United Nations Development Assistance Framework
UNDP ..............................................................................................................United Nations Development Programme
UNIDO ....................................................................................United Nations Industrial Development Organization
UN-OHRLLS ………….UN Office of the High Representative for the Least Developed Countries,
Landlocked Developing Countries and Small Island Developing States
30