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Indian Experience with Smart Grid
Applications - Distribution Sector
Presented by
Subrata Mukhopadhyay
GTBIT, GGS Indraprastha University, New Delhi
with contributions from
Uttam S. Mane, North Discom, Haryana
L. Ravi, BESCOM, Bengaluru
Pankaj Batra, CEA, New Delhi
Vijay L. Sonavane, MERC, Mumbai
Haresh Vaghasiya, TPDDL, Delhi
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Definition of Smart Grid
• A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid
that uses analog or digital information and
communications technology to gather and act
on information, such as information about the
behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an
automated fashion to improve the efficiency,
reliability, economics, and sustainability of the
production and distribution of electricity.
Schematic Representation
Conceptual Reference Model (NIST)
Objective of RAPDRP
Initially APDP (Accelerated Power Development Program), followed by APDRP
(Accelerated Power Development & Reforms Program), then RAPDRP
(Restructured Accelerated Power Development & Reforms Program) focusing
on the actual demonstrable performance in terms of
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Aggregate Technical & Commercial Loss (AT&C) loss reduction
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Establishment of reliable and automated sustainable systems for
collection of base line data
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Adoption of Information Technology in the areas of Energy
Accounting
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Consumer care
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Strengthening of Distribution Network of State Power Utilities
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Establishment of Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition System
(SCADA) / Distribution Management System (DMS) in large towns
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Capacity building
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Incentive scheme for distribution personnel, etc.
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Scope of Work - Overview
Hardware & LAN Implementation for Data Center (Main + Redundant =>
Dual)
IT Center (Zone & Circle), Division, Subdivision, Section Offices
Substations (Feeders), HT Consumers, Distribution Transformers (DTs)
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State Wide Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) Network- One Time
Equipment, Installation, and Commissioning
Recurring Bandwidth Charges
Facility Management Services (FMS) & Annual Maintenance
Software- Centralized, Web Based Meter Data Acquisition
Energy Audit
New Connection
Disconnection & Dismantling
GIS based Consumer Indexing and Asset Mapping
Centralized Customer Care Services
MIS
Web Self-Service
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(Required) integration of above modules with Identity and Access
Management
Document Management System
System Security
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SCADA / DMS
Issues & Solution under Smart Grid Concept
Manual
– Meter Reading that is time consuming and susceptible to
human error (as Meters without communication facility)
– Sub Station Operations
– Complaint handling
– Load Shedding on account of gap in demand and supply
On the other hand
– A Smart Grid is an energy transmission and distribution
network with embedded control, IT and
Communications capabilities.
– It provides a real-time, two-way flow of energy and
information to all stakeholders in the electricity chain,
from the generation plant to the end-user.
Smart Grid Functionalities at
Distribution Level
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Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
Substation Automation
SCADA / DMS
Outage Management System
Renewable Integration
Electricity Storage
Electrical Vehicles
All these cater to near real-time analytics technologies for meter
analytics as well as near real-time event insights coming
from SCADA systems.
Smart Grid Pilot Project Program in India
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Government of India had kept 2 Billion Rupees for
20 Smart Grid Pilot Projects in India, for public
distribution utilities, with matching contribution
from the State utility.
Most of the 14 Projects selected involve installation
of Smart Meters for the purpose of reduction in
distribution losses.
Functionalities covered under these projects are:
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Projects
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PQM
AMI
OM
PLM
PQM- Power Quality Management
OMS- Outage Management System
AMI- Advanced Metering Infrastructure
PLM- Peak Load Management
Changes & Benefits with AMI
• Introduction of Smart Meters and Data Concentrator Units (DCUs)
under Advanced Measuring Infrastructure (AMI) for remote, regular &
reliable reading
• Consumption pattern monitoring at customer level enabling
identification of actual load and its variation as against sanctioned load
for suggesting Energy Conservation measures based on real-time data,
which is also useful for demand forecasting and management and
taking advantage of dynamic tariffs, like, Time of Day (TOD) tariff,
deployment of pre-paid metering arrangement
• Web-based access to meter data to authorized users of Discoms for
trending with archival of data and integration to Billing system
• Remote connect / disconnect for various purposes, like, initial
connection, payment not made, payment made after disconnection,
temper detection and theft control, load curtailment & control, etc. and
enabling partial (individual / group of consumers) rather than feeder
level outage remotely
Effect of Introducing SCADA / DMS
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SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) / DMS (Distribution
Management System) will involve installation of
– Remote Terminal Units (RTUs) even at Feeder level (Feeder RTU),
Numerical Relays, Motorized Feeder Breakers and Ring Main Units
(RMUs), Smart Meters with all Distribution Transformers (DTs)
With the accessibility and hence availability of data, analysis, and storage,
prior detection of contingency possible for remedial action, like, load
transfer or rearrangement, load curtailment or shedding, etc.
Safety of operating personnel ensured due to remote operation
Network reliability, voltage-var control, etc. possible along with integration
with other IT applications, such as, GIS (Geographical Information System),
AMR (Automated Meter Reading) under Enterprise Resource Planning
(ERP)
Bringing into the System OMS
• Outage detection through AMI system as well as
SCADA / DMS and CRM (Customer Relation Management)
System and communication to Customer Care and Billing
Systems as well as to Outage Management System (OMS)
for informing customer
• OMS finds out the cause of outage and Work Asset
Management used for maintenance activities
• Integrated GIS and OMS provides location of switches, and
outage portal evolved based on analysis to enable repairing action
• On completion of repairs in Work Asset Management,
Financials Systems and OMS get updated.
• Restoration verification done through AMI time series data
• OMS informs customer back with Outage portal, Customer
Care and Billing Systems get updated.
Overall Benefits of the Integrated Solution
• Quicker fault location & restoration leading to Lower
downtime
• Improved voltage profile with minimization of losses
• Protection from overloading, etc. with longevity of
equipment life
• Proper planning of the network for effective
utilization of power
• Proper load shedding
• Customer satisfaction
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Smart Grid Application in Distribution Sector
• In Delhi by TPDDL (Tata Power Delhi
Distribution Limited) with Key objectives to
achieve Smart Grid
– Cost Efficiency, Reliability & Safety, Sustainable
Energy, and Customer Affection
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– Smart Customers, Smart Initiatives, Smart
Technologies, and Smart Business Partners
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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Delhi
• Approach to follow a Smart Grid Roadmap
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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Delhi
• Gap Assessment Process
– Impact Areas
• Foundational / Basic-Inherent, Safety, Reliability,
Operational Efficiency, AT&C Loss Reduction, Customer
Satisfaction, Asset Management / Optimization, Peak
Load Management, Optimized Network Planning,
Power Quality, Sustainability
– Gap Types
• Technology, Integration, Process, Data, Business /
Organization
– Technology & Resource Requirement
• Overall Priority & Recommendations
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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Delhi
• Recommended Initiatives
• Technology Refresh
• Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) / Meter
Data Management System (MDMS) and Enterprise
integration with Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)
• Integrated Communication Technologies
• Business Intelligence / Data Analytics
• Field Force Automation / Mobile Workforce
Management
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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Delhi
• Automated Demand Response (ADR) with
Smart Meter under Smart Grid Pilot Project
• Participation of 250 Commercial & Industrial
Consumers with saving potential of 20 MW
• Project Objectives
– to manage peak demand
– to manage Grid Stress situations
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Project Components include
– Automated Demand Response infrastructure (Honeywell)
– Smart Meters (Landis-Gyr)
– RF Mesh based Communication (Gridstream, Landis-Gyr)
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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Delhi
– Meter Data Management System (MDMS) (Ecologic, LandisGyr) and its integration with other Operations Technology
(OT) & Information Technology (IT) systems like OMS (Outage
Management System), SAP (Systems, Applications, Products),
ADR (Automated Demand Response)
• Collaborative partnership with selected vendors
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Project undertaken to demonstrate
– Technological capability
– Understand customer behavior
– Case study for regulator to work on differential tariffs and
financial incentives
– Processes required for scaling up
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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Delhi
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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Delhi
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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bombay
• Under Smart Grid Priorities
– No more power cuts, Prosumer (Producer +
Consumer) enablement
– Reduce AT&C losses, improve quality of power
– Manage peak power, demand response
– Integrate Renewable Energy Sources, Distributed
Generation, EV proliferation efficiently
for Bombay (Mumbai) Metro pilot project
undertaken for Peak Load Management (PLM)
with Demand Response (DR) assessed
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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bombay
• DR in Bombay (Mumbai) Metro
– Peak: 3,300 MW (Base: 1,900 MW)
– 5 hrs/day, 22 days/month =>1,320 hrs/yr
– Short term Power Purchase has great impact on
tariff, hence need for peak reduction
– Peak Power Purchase Rs.8/KWH for 100 hrs with
10% distribution loss cost Rs.8.90/KWH, as against
Commercial tariff of Rs.5.50-6.00/KWH
– About 35-40% peak load (1,000 MW) due to airconditioning
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Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bombay
• DSM in this context is with air-conditioning load for 8 hrs/day, 22
days/month as the best option
• Demand rising over stripping supply – option either to increase
supply or carry out load shedding
• Instead grid operators called for a peak reduction by using
individual facilities’ ability to reduce usage when the grid is stressed
• India’s first DR program in Commercial & Industrial segment
resulted in about 25 MW load reduction and 0.22 MU of energy
saving in Bandra-Kurla Complex due to measures undertaken, like
– Turning off 1 out of 4 lifts in the high-rise buildings
– Pre-cooling of buildings in early morning hours
– Turning on Emergency Generator (also used for testing)
– Turning off non-essential lightings
Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bangalore
• At Indiranagar area of Bangalore under
implementation aiming at
– Customer satisfaction
– Regulatory compliance
– Meeting stakeholders’ expectation
– Monitoring and control system
Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bangalore
• Suitability for Selection
– Small Area (25 sq. km.)
– High per capita energy consumption (3,300
units)
– Modern Distribution Network (RMU, IT Infra
and SCADA)
– Moderate No. of consumers (63,000) and DTs
(680)
– Low Aggregate Technical & Commercial (AT&C)
Losses (4.56%)
– Educated and IT savvy consumers
Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bangalore
• Drivers for the project
– Online visualization of energy consumption up to consumer
to have better forecasting for efficient energy management
– Continuous two-way communication between Utility &
consumer for implementation of Demand Response (DR) /
Demand Side Management (DSM) programs
– Peak Load Management (PLM) for reduction in peak energy
purchases, deferment of capital expenditure for
enhancement of capacity
– Monitoring of Outage & Power Quality up to consumer level
in place of existing practice of feeder level
– Encouragement to consumers for small rooftop solar PhotoVoltaic (PV) system installation for Green Energy benefits
Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bangalore
• Smart Grid Attributes at Indiranagar
– Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)
» Smart Meters, DCUs, MDAS (Meter Data
Acquisition System), MDMS & Communication
Infrastructure and integration with existing IT
system
» Total 62,822 consumers covered, Consumers /
DTs covered in R-APDRP not considered
– Peak Load Management
» Use of proposed AMI
» 15 % reduction in Peak load using Demand Side
Management and Demand Response
Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bangalore
• Architecture for AMI & PLM
Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bangalore
• Benefits of AMI as envisaged
• Reduction in Meter Reading Cost
– Manpower Cost
– Vehicle Cost
• Reduction in Field and Meter Services
– Reduction in manual disconnect / reconnect cost
– Reduction in Manual Off-Cycle / Special Meter Reading
– Reduction in Outage Services
• Reduction in unaccounted Energy
– Theft / Tamper Detection & Reduction
– Faster Identification of Dead Meters
• Better Distribution System Management
Smart Grid Pilot Project in Bangalore
• Benefits of PLM as envisaged
 Reduction in the Peak Load and thereby the short term power
purchase cost to meet these needs including Avoided Transmission
& Distribution Costs
 Delay in the overloading of power systems assets thereby reducing
the capacity cost involved in replacing the same
 With daily 6 hours peak load (3 hours in morning & 3 hours in
evening), per year energy consumption would be about 80 MU.
 15% shift in peak load would mean 12 MU would be consumed at
other than peak timing in place of peak load timings.
 Shifting of 12 MU of energy consumption would benefit utility of
Rs. 48.4 Million annually.
Conclusions
• Like transmission sector, India is poised for Smart
Grid applications in distribution sector, though the
amount of work involved is enormous due to large
scale decentralization and number of entities.
• Some pilot projects undertaken and under
implementation are promising substantial outcome.
• Expected benefits range from AT&C loss reduction,
producer-consumer participation through
enablement due to OT & IT, integration of RES,
Distributed Generation, & EV, with AMI, PLM based
on DR, etc., ultimately leading to customer
satisfaction as well.