VPE Dry Type
Distribution Transformers
112.5 kVA Through 15,000 kVA
600V Through 35 kV Primary Voltage
120V Through 15 kV Secondary Voltage
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Quality Products...Built With Pride
ABB transformer factories in 30 countries.
Our people make certain that our world renowned quality is exemplified by every
product that bears the ABB name. An experienced and dedicated work force ensures the
quality of our work and your satisfaction with our products. We strive for operational
excellence, lowest manufacturing cost, and short cycle times.
ABB's mission is to be the leader in delivering quality products and services for
generation, transmission and distribution, industrial processes, mass transit, and
environmental control that meet the needs and requirements of our customers and
contribute to their success. To ensure customer satisfaction, ABB provides value-added,
integrated solutions that are driven by superior technology and performance.
ABB employees are committed to leadership in applying the company's unique
conibination of experience and global resources to meet societal goals for sustainable
growth and clean energy.
VPE (Vacuum Pressure Encapsulated) transformers provide enhanced moisture
protection with extended life expectancy.
ABB developed the Silicone VPE dr y type
transformer to meet the stringent shipboard
applications for the U.S. Navy.
VPE utilizes the inherent bonding strength of
multiple layers of silicone varnish as a sealant.
This proven process provides excellent dielectric
strength and the silicone remains pliable even
after thermal aging. The finished coating
remains smooth and gives superior
environmental protection against moisture, dust,
dirt, salt air, and most industrial contaminants,
y
making it ideall suited for demanding
applications.
Silicone VPE transformers achieve high
efficiency ratings with low maintenance and
operating costs.
Silicone VPE transformers are non-explosive
with high resistance to flame and do not
Military certifications in addition to ISO-9001 , UL. GSA. and Nuclear 1 OCFR50
compliance demonstrate ABB's commitment to providing quality transformers for
utility. industrial. and commercial end users.
The Silicone VPE Process
require vaults, containment dikes, or
expensive fire suppression systems.
Product Scope:
• 112.5 kVA-15,000 kVA
• Primary Voltages: 600V-35 kV
• Primary BIL: Up to 150 kV
• Secondary Voltages: 120V-15 kV
• Secondary BIL: Up to 75 kV
Temperature Rise 8011151150°C
To provide the ultimate protection against moisture, the silicone VPE
process utilizes a special four cycle procedure that employs the
fundamental principles of vacuum pressure encapsulation and curing.
Because of the inherent bonding strength of silicone varnish, the finished
coating remains smooth and gives superior environmental protection.
Coils receive a minimum of 4 cycles of silicone varnish, and the core and
clamping structure are coated with a corrosion resistant sealant that guards
against moisture and industrial contaminants.
Silicone varnish provides excellent dielectric strength that remains pliable
even after thermal aging. The silicone varnish is a true 220°C insulating
material tested to above 250°C.
VPE Benefits/Advantages
• Enhanced moisture protection
• No danger of fire or explosion
• No liquids to leak
• Low
L initial cost
• 220-C Insulation Class
• ISO 9001 Registered
• Emergency Support: Quick Ship
Option (5 day turnaround)
• Custom Coordination
• On Site Service
• TechnicaI Support
The silicone VPE process utilizes conventional dry t ype designs and offers
optional conductors, BIL levels, and temperature rises with a 220°C
Class insulation system. This advanced process provides the ultimate in
overload capacity.
The nominal coating of silicone varnish received through the silicone VPE
process provides excellent dielectric strength. The varnish has been tested,
after immersion in water for 24 hours, and still maintained a dielectric
strength of 1500 volts per Anil. When cured, the silicone varnish meets, or
exceeds, UL 94 VO flammability tests and has a rating of 39 when coated
over Nomex Aramid paper.
Core and Coil Construction
Core Construction
ABf3's VPE transformers utilize a step-lap
mitered core construction to ensure
optima in performance and mininial
sound levels. The mitered core joints
aIIow efficient flux Transfer along natural
grain Iines between the core legs and yoke.
The step-lap construction further enhances
Low voltage coils are sheet wound for short
circuit integrity.
Computer controlled high voltage disk winding.
the efficiency of the joint by reducing
joint fringing, which reduces core losses
and exciting current.
The core is designed and built to provide the
ii
lowest possible losses from the effects of
magnetic hysteresis and eddy currents. All
possible steps arc taken to prevent IocaI
circulating currents and to avoid built-in
Step-lap mitered core joints are utilized for
efficiency and noise reduction.
Bus connections made using bolted
connections.
bending stresses.
Coil Construction
2500 kVA are typically round.
As part of the quality process, ABB starts
with non-aging, high permeability,
ABB's winding construction depends on
cold-rolled, grain oriented silicon steel for
operating voltage, basic impulse level,
ABB's low voltage VPE windings,
core construction. Magnetic flux densities
and current capacity of the individual
insulation class 1.2 kV (600V) and
are kept well below the saturation point.
winding. Unless there is a customer
below, are typically wound using sheer
The steel is precision cut to assure that it
preference, winding design is based
conductors. This construction allows
wiII be smooth and burr-free. For rigidity
upon total optimization and need not be
free current distribution within the axial
and support, the upper and lower yokes
specified.
width of the coil which eliminates the
are solidly clamped with steel support
axial forces developed in other types of
windings under short circuit conditions.
members. Tie plates connect the top and
Whenever possible, transformers are
bottom clamps and provide a rigid
constructed with sheet wound secondary
structure for lifting.
windings and wire wound primary
The primary coil is wound directly over
windings.
the secondary coil and is separated by an
insulating barrier.
The finished core is coated with a
corrosion resistant sealant which provides
Winding construction may be either
lamination cohesion and the
round or rectangular through 2500 kVA
AIuminum conductors are standard.
environmental protection that is needed
for VPE coils. Windings on VPE
Copper conductors are available as an
for high humidity areas.
transformers with ratings greater than
option.
3
Indoor/Outdoor Application
0
VPE transformers
are
utilized in some of the
harshest indoor and outdoor environments
Outdoor Enclosure
i maginable. While core and coil technologies
have been enhanced to combat caustic and
hurnid environments, VPE transformers still
require the protection of a properly designed
enclosure.
An enclosure which flexes or bends under high
wind loading can compromise electrical
clearances from the transformer to the
enclosure, which can lead to transformer
NEMA1
Indoor Enclosure
failures as well as electrical safety hazards. An
enclosure that allows excess water entry into the
enclosure also poses undue risk. ABB designs
have been tested for extreme weather
requirements and the mechanical stresses
associated with seismic criteria. ABB's enclosure
designs have been used along coastal areas and
frigid northern slopes where high winds and
driving rain are common.
Custom enclosures with special
paint colors are available.
ABB enclosures are custom fabricated using
heavy gauge sheet steel as standard. Alum iii uin
and stainless are also available.
Electrostatically deposited dry powder paint,
baked onto a phosphatcd surface, provides
added protection against harsh outdoor or
indoor environments.
A variety of options ranging from NEMA 2
drip-proof roofs to filters, screens, hinged
panels, and special hardware can be added.
ABB's dry powder stateof-the-art paint system
keeps enclosures looking
new for years.
Modifications can be made to extend
the enclosure, add bottom plates, add end
sheets, and special cut-outs for specific
applications.
4
T?AI H
Forced Air Cooling Increases kVA Capacity
Provisions for future fan
cooling (FFA)
Whcn specified, VPF, transformers,
can be supplied with provisions for
futu re forced air cooling. This option
includes bus work rated for increased
current capacity and provisions for
future installation of fans and fn
control equipment.
Forced air cooling (AA/FA)
VPE transformers, when specified, can
be supplied with forced air cooling.
Forced air cooling equipment includes
fans, control wiring, thermal sensors,
and a three phase electronic
temperature monitor. The
temperature sensors are located in the
low voltage windings and are factory
connected to the three phase winding
temperature monitor which controls the
forced air cooling automatically.
Typical forced air cooling increases the rated capacity of VPE transformers 33 1/3% on units up to
5000 kVA and 25% for units 5001 kVA and larger.
Electronic Temperature
Monitor (ETM)
The ETM combines temperature
indication and fin control functions
for the transformer and accepts
input from three thermal sensors.
The three phase electronic temperature
monitor tracks the transformer temperature
with automatic displays and functions.
Typical location of thermocouple.
Features:
• Digital temperature display
• I Tottest winding temperature is
automatically displayed
• Temperature of any single
winding can be displayed
• Maximum temperature can be
recalled even if the supply
power has been interrupted
• Fan, alarm, and trip functions
are controlled b y the hottest
winding temperature
• DPDT contacts are provided
for fin, alarm, and trip functions
• Contacts are dry
• Alarm relay is fail-safe
• Fans can be manually operated
• Includes internal sonic alarm,
which can be temporarily silenced
without canceling the alarm circuit
• Isolation box to separate gauge
from energized components
• Alarm reset can be automatic
or manual with auto condition
start-up
• State-of-the -art solid state
construction
• UI, component recognized
• Non-magnetic Type E
thermocouple standard
• Easy retrofit with existing panels
• Open thermocouple circuits are
detected and indicated, but do
not affect instrument operation
• Accepts 1 15 or 230 VAC supply
power
• Form C relays.
Optional Features
• Fan exerciser (programmable)
will energize fans once per week
• Remote communication available
through RS-232 port.
Standard Enclosure Design Dimension & Weights
Height
Width
Depth
Weight
Inches (mm)
Inches (mm)
Inches (mm)
Lbs. (kg)
113
90 (2286)
78 (1981)
60 (1524)
2250 (1022)
113
225
90 (2286)
78 (1981)
60 (1524)
2850 (1294)
300 ,
90 (2286)
78 (1981)
60 (1524)
500
90 (2286)
78 (1981)
750
90 (2286)
1000
kVA
Height
Width
Depth
Weight
Inches (mm)
Inches (mm)
Inches (mm)
Lbs. (kg)
90 (2286)
78 (1981)
60 (1524)
2950 (1339)
225
90 (2286)
90 (2286)
60 (1524)
4250 (1930)
3200 (1453)
300
90 (2286)
90 (2286)
60 (1524)
4650 (2111)
60 (1524)
4350 (1975)
500
90 (2286)
96 (2438)
66 (1676)
6350 (2883)
84 (2134)
60 (1524)
5450 (2474)
750
90 (2286)
1 02 (2591)
66 (1676)
8150 (3700)
90 (2286)
84 (2134)
66 (1676)
6250 (2838)
1 000
90 (2286)
1 02 (2591)
66 (1676)
9200 (4177)
kVA
•
I
1500
90 (2286)
84 (2134)
66 (1676)
8150 (3700)
1 500
1 02 (2591)
1 08 (2743)
66 (1676)
1 2,050 (5471)
2000
90 (2286)
96 (2438)
66 (1676)
9350 (4245)
2000
1 02 (2591)
114 (2896)
66 (1676)
1 4,850 (6742)
2500
90 (2286)
1 02 (2591)
66 (1676)
11,050 (5017)
2500
112 (2845)
1 26 (3200)
66 (1676)
1 8,550 (8422)
3000
1 02 (2591)
108 (2743)
66 (1676)
14,750 (6697)
3000
112 (2845)
1 44 (3658)
66 (1676)
20,850 (9466)
Values listed are typical and should not be used for construction purposes
Quality Assurance
Optional Tests:
The following tests are made on all
1. Impulse Tests-full and chopped-
transformers unless noted as an
wave Tests per ANSI and NEMA
exception. The numbers shown do not
standards
necessarily indicate the sequence in
3. Audible Sound Level Test
latest revision ofANST C57.12.91
4. Induced Partial Discharge
Test Code for Transformers.
5. Temperature Test
on the tap extremes on one unit
of a given rating on a multiple
unit order
6. Insulation Power-factor Test
y
L
TRANSFORMER
SP^
8. Short Circuit Test
9. Seismic Qualification.
Standards and Certifications
ANSI C57.12.00
3. Polarit and Phase-relation Tests
ANSI C57.12.91
4. No-load loss at rated voltage
ANSI N45.2-1977
5. Excitation current at rated voltage
UT.
6. Impedance and load loss at rated
NRC IOCFR50 Appendix B
current on the rated voltage
ISO 9001
connection of each unit and on
NEMA ST20
the tap extremes on one unit of a
GSA Z 299.3
given rating on a multiple unit
MIL-I-45208A
order
Qualified for Inanufacture of Nuclear Class
7. Applied Potential Tests
1-E, Safety Rclared Transformers including
8. Double Induced Potential Test.
IEEE 344 Certi fi cation.
6
R
7. Switch and Soak Test
2. Ratio Tests on the rated voltage
connection and all tap connections
O
(100% full wave)
will be made in accordance with the
windings on the rated tap and
C
LISTED
9300
BU
DISTRIBUTION
2. Qualit y Control Impulse Test
which the tests will be made. All tests
1. Resistance measurements of all
U
U
LISTED
93DO
DISTRIBUTION
TRANSFORMER
Specifications
112.5-15,000
Up to 150
Up through 35
• Aluminum windings—copper optional
80/115/1500
UI, listing
CSA certification
2. Step-lap mitered core
220°C
Up to 75
Options & Accessories
Standard VPE Features
3.
Up through 15
insulation system-150°C average
Nuclear 1 E certification:
IEEE 323— qualified life
temperature rise
4. Vacuum pressure encapsulation with silicone varnish
5. Four (4) full-capacity raps on I IV winding rated
2-1/2% 2- FCAN-2-FCBN
on units with voltage
IEEE 344—seismic certification
NEMA 3R enclosure
80°C or 115°C average temperature rise
Copper windings
above 601 V
6. NEMA I heavy-gauge ventilated enclosure with
Provisions for future fan cooling (FFA)
Three-phase electronic temperature monitor
removable panels from and rear
7. ANSI 61 gray paint electrostatically applied using dry
Forced cooling package with three-phase electronic
temperature monitor
powder
8. Vibration isolation pads between core and coil and
Increased basic impulse levels
boss optimized designs
enclosure
9. Base equipped with jacking pads and designed for
rolling or skidding enclosure in any direction
10. Provisions for lifting core and coil assembly
Air-filled terminal chambers
__ Special paint colors
Retrofit designs
11. Diagrammatic aluminum nameplate
12. 100% QC Impulse Test
13. Short Circuit Design Verification
Temperature Rise/Overload Capacity
150 ` C
115 - C
1000
1000
80°C
1000
1000
1150
1350
1333
1530
1800
VPE transformers are constructed with 220°C class insulation
and have a maximum temperature nse of 1 S0'C.
When ordered with 115C rise, the VPE transformer (if specified)
will have a 115% continuous overload capablity (153% with
tans). AA/FA/FA
VPE transformers, when ordered with a 80°C rise (if specified).
will have a 135% continuous overload capability (180% with
tans). AA/FA/FA
Electronic Temperature Monitor provided with isolation
barrier for added safety.
Altitude Derating Factor
Standard Transformer Ratings
Primary Voltage Class 500V through 34.5 kV 150C rise 3 0 C average ambient
x
x
—
3300
1 50
X
X
—
4000
.994
.989
.98
225
X
X —
5000
.985
.974
.95
6000
.975
.959
.92
x
7000
.966
.944
.89
8000
.957
.929
.86
.83
112 1/2
—
—
300
400
400
x
X
500
667
667
X
X
I
1.00
1.00
1.00
750
1 000
1000
X
x _ _
x
1000
1 333
1 333
X
X
X
9000
.948
.914
1 000
1 333
1 333
X
X
X
10,000
.939
.898
.80
.930
.883
.77
1 500
2000
2000
X
x
2000
2666
2666
—
X
x
x
11.000
1 2,000
.921
.868
.75
2500
3333
3333
—
X
X
1 3,000
.912
.853
.72
X
1 4.000
.903
.838
.70
X
1 5.000
.894
.823
.67
3750
4687
5000
6250
4687
—
6250
•
7500
9375
9375
1 0,000
12,000
12,000
4
X
X
NOTE: 3.28 FT = 1 Meter
"X" denotes standard or available.
BIL's Associated Voltages
Audible Sound Levels
1.2
S
2.5
'
5.0
0-9
40
0-1167
67
10-50
45
1168-1667
68
15.0
1
1
S
1
^^
S
8.7
51-150
50
1 668-2000
69
25.0
151-300
55
2001-3333
71
34.5
301-500
60
3334-5000
73
501-700
62
5001-6667
6668 8333
74
75
1
1
S
1
1
1
S
1
1
2
S
1
1
2
S
701 1000
64
1001-1500
65
NOTES:
S = Standard value.
1 = Optional higher levels where exposure to overvoltage occurs
and improved protective margins are required.
2 = Lower levels where protective characteristics of applied surge
1501-2000
66
arresters have been evaluated and tound to provide appropriate
surge protection.
2001-3000
68
3001-4000
70
4001-5000
71
5001-6000
72
6001-7500
75
Impedance Chart
112.5-500
None Specified
5.75%
501 & Larger `
5.75%
5.75%
For Units with 60 kV Primaries and below.
–For Units with 208V Secondaries, the standard impendance
value will he 5.0% guaranteed minimum.
8
1
Specification Guide
The transformer shall be of dr y rypc Vacuum Pressure Encapsulated
class. The basic impulse level shall be inherent to the winding
(VPE) construction, and shall be mounted in a suitably design and is to be obtained without the use of supplemental
ventilated (indoor, outdoor) enclosure.
surge arresters.
The transformer shall be manufactured by a compan y which is
certified to ISO 9001:1994, EN ISO 9001:1994; B EN ISO
9001:1994; ANSIIASQC Q9001: 1994 for design and manufacture
of Power, Distribution and Specialty Dry Type Transformers. A
certificate of Compliance to this requirement shall be provided
with the proposal.
The transformer shall be rated
kVA with a primary voltage
of
kV (delta,wye) connected and have a BIT, rating of
y
kV and a secondar voltage of
V (dclra,wye)
connected and have a BIT. rating of
kV.
The transformer is to have an impedance (per manufacturer's
standard,
%IZ.)
The average temperature rise of the transformer windings shaII be
rated at (80"C, 115C, 150°C) and shall be built utilizing Class
220 C insulations, regardless of the temperature rise specified.
The transformer shall not exceed the specified temperature rise
when the unit is operated continuously at fuII nameplate rating.
The transformer shall be capable of carrying 100% of the nameplate rating in a 30"C average, not to exceed 40°C maximum
ambient in any 24 hour period.
The high voltage and Iow voltage windings shall be constructed
usin g (copper, aluminum) conductors. The
o conduct rs shall be
insulated with a 220'C insulation. Transformer windings,
insulation class 1.2 kV (60OV) and below, shall be wound using
foil or sheet conductors.
Transformer windings, insulation class 2.5 kV (2400V) and
above, shall be wound using wire conductors. The high voltage
winding shall be wound over the low voltage wincing with
sufficient mechanical bracing to prevent movement during fault
conditions and sufficient solid Class 220 ° C insulation to isolate
the high voltage winding dielectric potential from the Iow voltage
windings.
The transformer core shall be constructed of high grade
non-aging silicon steel laminations with high magnetic
permeability and Iow hysteresis and edd y current Iosses. Magnetic
Flux densities are to be kept well below the saturation point. A
step-lap mitered core joint shall be used to minimize losses,
exciting currents and sound levels. The core laminations shall be
clamped together with heavy steel members.
The completed coil assembl y is to be vacuum pressure
encapsulated via a multi-cycle process which meets the
requirementsof MIL -I-24092. This process requires that coils
receive a minimum of four (4) c ycles of silicone varnish and the core
and clamping structure receive a minimum of two (2) cy cles of
corrosion resistant sealant. The varnish shall be applied in
consistent coatings to give a uniform shield of silicone varnish.
The VPE process shaII effectivel y encapsulate the entire core and
coil assembl y which results in a unit which is virtually
i mpermeable to moisture, dust, dirt, salt air and other industrial
contaminants.
The transformer shall have vibration isolation pads installed
between core and coil assembl y and enclosure base structures to
prevent the transmission of structure borne vibration.
The impulse rating of the transformer must equal or exceed the
basic impulse level specified b y ANSI for the applicable voltage
The enclosure shaII be constructed of heavy gauge sheet steel and
shaII be finished in ANSI 61 paint color. The paint shall be
applied using an electrostatically deposited dry powder paint
s y stem. All ventilating openings shall be in accordance with
NEMA and the NEC standards for ventilated enclosures. The
base of the enclosure shall be furnished withround pads located
on opposite diagonal corners. The base shall have jacking pads
and shall be constructed of heavy steel members to permit
skidding or rolling in any direction. The core shall be visibly
grounded to the frame by means of a Flexible grounding strap.
Forced air cooling, when required, shall increase the continuous
self cooled rating of the transformer b y 33 1/3% on units
throughh 5000 kVA and by 25% on unitsreater than 5000 kVA.
The FA increase shall be possible with forced cooling without
exceeding the specified maximum temperature rise. The forced air
cooling shall be regulated automaticall y b y sensors placed in the
low voltage winding's air ducts. Forced air cooling shall include:
three phase electronic digital temperature monitor, fans, control
wiring, control panel with test switch, indicator lights, alarm and
alarm silencing switch.
When 80`C and 115 ` C winding temperature rise are specified, they
can be designed with inherent overload capabilities. An 80"C rise
unit shall 'be capable of continuous operation at 35% above
nameplate rating and a ii 5 ° C rise unit shall be capable of
continuous operation at 17% above nameplate rating when
specified. This overload capability would be achieved on the AA
and FA rating and shall be accomplished by allowing the
transformers ultimate rise to be 150'C. Customer specification
must define the high capacity overloads.
Transformer shaII be furnished with a non-corrosive
diagrammatic nameplate per ANSI C57.12.01, permanently
attached with non-corrosive hardware. The diagrammatic nameplate shall include the name of the manufacturer of the
transformer as well as the location where the transformer was
manufactured and tested. In addition, the transformer
manufacturer and location of manufacture is to be supplied at the
ti me of quotation.
After completion, each transformer shall undergo the following
routine tests per ANSI C57.12.01 and ANSI CT.57. 12.91. Testing
shall be accomplished using calibrated test equipment which have
recorded accuracy traceable to National Institute of Standards
Technologies (MST). Certification of Calibration shall be
provided with test reports, if requested.
In addition to routine testing a 100% QC Impulse Test shall be
performed on each transformer furnished.
Routine Tests
• Meggcr
• Ratio
• Resistance
• Phase relation
• Load Loss, Impedance and Regulation
• No Load Loss and Excitation Current
• 100% QC Impulse Test
• AppIied Potential Test
• Induced Potential Test