2015 Airport Benchmarking Team
2015
Project Coordinator:
Professor Tae H. OUM
Air Transport Research Society
Research Director:
Professor Chunyan Yu
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
North America:
Professor Bijan VASIGH
(United States of America)
Professor Jia YAN
(United States of America)
Asia Pacific:
Professor Peter FORSYTH
(Australia)
Information Package
Washington State University
Monash University
Professor Paul Hooper
(Australia)
University of New South Wales
Professor Japhet Law
(Hong Kong)
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Professor Yuichiro YOSHIDA
(Japan)
International University of Japan
Professor Yeong-Heok LEE
(Korea)
Hankuk Aviation University
Professor Shinya HANAOKA
(japan)
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Professor Xiaowen Fu
(Australia)
The University of Sydney
Europe:
Professor Jaap de WIT
(The Netherlands)
University of Amsterdam
Professor Eric PELS
(The Netherlands)
Free University of Amsterdam
Professor Hans-Martin
NIEMEIER (Germany)
University of Applied Science
Professor Nicole ADLER
(Israel)
Hebrew University of Jerusalem
Headquarters Staff:
Christian Mehlan
Vivek Rao Bompally
Permapoon Panyathorn
Xueyu Cheng
 2015 Air Transport Research Society, all rights reserved
www.atrsworld.org
Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Research Assistant, Air Transport Research Society
Research Assistant, Air Transport Research Society
Research Assistant, Air Transport Research Society
Research Assistant, Air Transport Research Society
1
Airports included in the ATRS Airport Benchmarking Report
Asia Pacific
Code
1
Airport Name
City, Country
ADL
Adelaide International Airport
Adelaide, Australia
2
AKL
Auckland International Airport
Auckland, New Zealand
3
BKK
Suvarnabhumi Airport
Bangkok, Thailand
4
BNE
Brisbane Airport
Brisbane, Australia
5
BOM
Chhatarpati Shivaji International Airport
Mumbai, India
6
CAN
Bai Yun Airport
Guangzhou, China
7
CEI
Mae Fah Luang-Chiang Rai International Airport
Chiang Rai, Thailand
8
CGK
Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta International Airport
Jakarta, Indonesia
9
CJU
Jeju International Airport
Jeju, Korea
10
CHC
Christchurch International Airport
Christchurch, New Zealand
11
CMB
Bandaranaike International Airport
Colombo, Sri Lanka
12
CNS
Cairns International Airport
Cairns, Australia
13
CNX
Chiang Mai International Airport
Chiang Mai, Thailand
14
DEL
Indira Gandhi International Airport
New Delhi, India
15
DRW
Darwin International Airport
Darwin, Australia
16
DUD
Dunedin International Airport
Dunedin, New Zealand
17
DXB
Dubai International Airport
Dubai, UAE
18
GMP
Seoul Gimpo International Airport
Seoul, South Korea
19
GUM
Antonio B. Won Pat International Airport
Hagatna, Guam
20
HAK
Meilan International Airport
Haikou, China
21
HDY
Hat Yai International Airport
Hat Yai, Thailand
22
HKG
Hong Kong International Airport
Hong Kong, China
23
HKT
Phuket International Airport
Phuket, Thailand
24
HND
Haneda Airport
Tokyo, Japan
25
ICN
Incheon International Airport
Incheon, Korea
26
KIX
Kansai International Airport
Osaka, Japan
27
KUL
Kuala Lumpur International Airport
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
Chennai, India
28
MAA
Chennai International Airport
29
MEL
Melbourne Airport
Melbourne, Australia
30
MFM
Macau International Airport
Macau, China
Manila, The Philippines
31
MNL
Ninoy Aquino International Airport
32
NAN
Nadi International Airport
Nadi, Fiji
33
NGO
Central Japan International Airport
Nagoya, Japan
34
NRT
Tokyo Narita International Airport
Tokyo, Japan
35
NTL
Newcastle Airport
Newcastle, Australia
36
OOL
Gold Coast Airport
Gold Coast, Australia
37
PEK
Beijing Capital International Airport
Beijing, China
38
PEN
Penang International Airport
Penang, Malaysia
39
PER
Perth International Airport
Perth, Australia
40
PNH
Phnom Penh International Airport
Phnom Penh, Cambodia
41
PUS
Gimhae International Airport
Busan, Korea
42
PVG
Shanghai Pudong International Airport
Shanghai, China
43
REP
Siem Reap International Airport
Siem Reap, Cambodia
44
SHA
Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport
Shanghai, China
45
SIN
Singapore Changi International Airport
Singapore, Singapore
46
SUB
Juanda International Airport
Sidoarjo, Indonesia
47
SYD
Sydney Airport
Sydney, Australia
48
SZX
Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport
Shenzhen, China
49
TPE
Taiwan Taoyuan International Airport
Taipei, Taiwan
50
TSV
Townsville Airport
Townsville, Australia
51
52
53
WLG
XMN
ZQN
Wellington International Airport
Xiamen Gaoqi International Airport
Queenstown Airport
Wellington, New Zealand
Xiamen, China
Frankton, New Zealand
Airport Code
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
AGP
ALC
AMS
ARN
ATH
BCN
BEG
BGY
BHX
BLQ
BRS
BRU
BSL
BTS
BUD
CDG
CGN
CIA
CPH
DUB
DUS
EDI
FCO
FRA
GLA
GVA
HAJ
HAM
HEL
IST
KBP
KEF
LED
LGW
LHR
LIN
LIS
LJU
LPA
LTN
LUX
LYS
MAD
MAN
MLA
MUC
MXP
NAP
NCE
OPO
Europe
Airport Name
Malaga-Costa del Sol Airport
Alicante Airport
Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
Stockholm-Arlanda Airport
Athens International Airport
Barcelona El Prat Airport
Belgrade Nikola Tesla Airport
Bergamo-Orio al Serio Airport
Birmingham Airport
Bologna Airport
Bristol Airport
Brussels Airport
EuroAirport Basel-Mulhouse-Freiburg
Bratislava Milan Rastislav Stefanik Airport
Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport
Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport
Cologne/Bonn Konrad Adenauer Airport
Rome Ciampino Airport
Copenhagen Airport Kastrup
Dublin Airport
Düsseldorf International Airport
Edinburgh Airport
Rome Leonardo Da Vinci/Fiumicino Airport
Frankfurt Airport
Glasgow Airport
Genève Aéroport
Hannover Airport
Hamburg Airport
Helsinki Vantaa Airport
Istanbul Atatürk Airport
Kiev Boryspil International Airport
Keflavik International Airport
Pulkovo Airport
London Gatwick International Airport
London Heathrow Airport
Milan Linate Airport
Lisbon Portela Airport
Ljubljana Jože Pučnik Airport
Gran Canaria Airport
London Luton Airport
Luxembourg Airport
Lyon-Saint Exupery Airport
Madrid Barajas Airport
Manchester Airport
Malta International Airport
Munich Airport
Milan Malpensa Airport
Naples International Airport
Nice Cote D’Azur Airport
Porto Airport
City, Country
Malaga, Spain
El Altet - Torrellano, Spain
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Stockholm, Sweden
Athens, Greece
Barcelona, Spain
Belgrade, Serbia
Bergamo, Italy
Birmingham, England
Bologna, Italy
Lulsgate Bottom, England
Brussels, Belgium
Basel, Switzerland
Bratislava, Slovakia
Budapest, Hungary
Paris, France
Cologne, Germany
Rome, Italy
Copenhagen, Denmark
Dublin, Ireland
Düsseldorf, Germany
Edinburgh, Scotland
Rome, Italy
Frankfurt, Germany
Renfrewshire, Scotland
Geneva, Switzerland
Langenhagen, Germany
Hamburg, Germany
Helsinki, Finland
Istanbul, Turkey
Kiev, Ukraine
Reykjanesbaer, Iceland
Saint Petersburg, Russia
London, England
London, England
Milan, Italy
Lisbon, Portugal
Ljubljana, Slovenia
Teldi, Spain
London, England
Findel, Luxembourg
Colombier-Saugnieu, France
Madrid, Spain
Manchester, England
Valletta, Malta
Munich, Germany
Milan, Italy
Naples, Italy
Nice, France
Porto, Portugal
2
Airports included in the ATRS Airport Benchmarking Report (Cont.)
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
Code
ABQ
ALB
ANC
ATL
AUS
BDL
BNA
BOS
BUF
BUR
BWI
CLE
CLT
CMH
CVG
DAL
DCA
DEN
DFW
DTW
EWR
FLL
HNL
HOU
IAD
IAH
IND
North America - United States
Airport Name
Albuquerque International Sunport
Albany International Airport
Ted Stevens Anchorage International Airport
Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport
Austin Bergstrom Airport
Bradley International Airport
Nashville International Airport
Boston Logan International Airport
Buffalo Niagara International Airport
Bob Hope Airport
Baltimore Washington International Airport
Cleveland-Hopkins International Airport
Charlotte Douglas International Airport
Port Columbus International Airport
Cincinnati/Northern Kentucky International Airport
Dallas Love Field Airport
Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport
Denver International Airport
Dallas Forth Worth International Airport
Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport
Newark Liberty International Airport
Fort Lauderdale Hollywood International Airport
Honolulu International Airport
William P. Hobby Airport
Washington Dulles International Airport
George Bush Intercontinental Airport
Indianapolis International Airport
City, State
Albuquerque, New Mexico
Albany, New York
Anchorage, Alaska
Atlanta, Georgia
Austin, Texas
Windsor Locks, Connecticut
Nashville, Tennesse
Boston, Massachusetts
[
Cheektowaga, New York
Burbank, California
Baltimore, Maryland
Cleveland, Ohio
Charlotte, North Carolina
Columbus, Ohio
Cincinnati, Ohio
Dallas, Texas
Washington, DC
Denver, Colorado
Dallas, Texas
Detroit, Michigan
Newark, New Jersey
Ft. Lauderdale, Florida
Honolulu, Hawaii
Houston, Texas
Washington, DC
Houston, Texas
Indianapolis, Indiana
North America - United States
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
Code
JAX
JFK
LAS
LAX
LGA
MCI
MCO
MDW
MEM
MIA
MKE
MSP
MSY
OAK
OGG
OKC
OMA
ONT
ORD
PBI
PDX
PHL
PHX
PIT
PVD
RDU
RIC
RNO
RSW
SAN
SAT
SDF
SEA
SFO
SJC
SJU
SLC
SMF
SNA
STL
TPA
Airport Name
Jacksonville International Airport
New York-John F. Kennedy International Airport
Las Vegas McCarran International Airport
Los Angeles International Airport
LaGuardia International Airport
Kansas City International Airport
Orlando International Airport
Chicago Midway Airport
Memphis International Airport
Miami International Airport
General Mitchell International Airport
Minneapolis/St. Paul International Airport
Louis Armstrong New Orleans International Airport
Oakland International Airport
Kahului Airport
Will Rogers World Airport
Eppley Airfield
LA/Ontario International Airport
Chicago O'Hare International Airport
Palm Beach International Airport
Portland International Airport
Philadelphia International Airport
Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport
Pittsburgh International Airport
Theodore Francis Green State Airport
Raleigh-Durham International Airport
Richmond International Airport
Reno/Tahoe International Airport
Southwest Florida International Airport
San Diego International Airport
San Antonio International Airport
Louisville International-Standiford Field
Seattle-Tacoma International Airport
San Francisco International Airport
Norman Y. Mineta San José International Airport
Luis Muñoz Marín International Airport
Salt Lake City International Airport
Sacramento International Airport
John Wayne Orange County Airport
St. Louis-Lambert International Airport
Tampa International Airport
City, State
Jacksonville, Florida
New York, New York
Las Vegas, Nevada
Los Angeles, California
New York, New York
Kansas City, Missouri
Orlando, Florida
Chicago, Illinois
Memphis, Tennesse
Miami, Florida
Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Minneapolis, Minnesota
New Orleans, Louisiana
Oakland, California
Kahului, Hawaii
Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
Omaha, Nebraska
Ontario, California
Chicago, Illinois
West Palm Beach, Florida
Portland, Oregon
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Phoenix, Arizona
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Warwick, Rhode Island
Raleigh, North Carolina
Richmond, Virginia
Reno, Nevada
South Fort Myers, Florida
San Diego, California
San Antonio, Texas
Louisville, Kentucky
Seattle, Washington
San Francisco, California
San José, California
San Juan, Puerto Rico
Salt Lake City, Utah
Sacramento, California
Costa Mesa, California
St. Louis, Missouri
Tampa, Florida
192
193
TUL
TUS
Tulsa International Airport
Tucson International Airport
Tulsa, Oklahoma
Tucson, Arizona
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
Code
YEG
YHZ
YOW
YQB
YQR
YUL
YVR
YWG
YYC
YYJ
YYT
YYZ
Airport Name
Edmonton International Airport
Halifax Stanfield International Airport
Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport
Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport
Regina International Airport
Montréal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau International Airport
Vancouver International Airport
Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport
Calgary International Airport
Victoria International Airport
St. John's International Airport
Toronto Lester B. Pearson International Airport
City, Province
Edmonton, Alberta
Halifax, Nova Scotia
Ottawa, Ontario
Québec City, Québec
Regina, Saskatchewan
Montréal, Québec
Vancouver, British Columbia
Winnipeg, Manitoba
Calgary, Alberta
Victoria, British Columbia
St. John's, Newfoundland
Toronto, Ontario
North America - Canada
3
Airports included in the ATRS Airport Benchmarking Report (Cont.)
Asia Pacific - Major Airport Authorities
Code
G1
AAI
G2
G3
G4
APAC
Authority Name
Country
Airports Authority of India
India
ADG
Airport Development Group
Australia
AOT
Airports of Thailand Public Company Limited
Thailand
Australia Pacific Airports Corporation
Australia
G5
API
P.T. (Persero) Angkasa Pura I
Indonesia
G6
APII
P.T. (Persero) Angkasa Pura II
Indonesia
G7
KAC
Korea Airports Corporation
Korea
G8
MAHB
Malaysia Airports Holding Behard
Malaysia
G9
QAL
Queensland Airport Limited
Australia
The ATRS Benchmarking Report consists of three parts:

Part I provides a summary of the research approach and key
results. It contains 9 summary tables and 10 summary charts
covering the main aspects of airport operations and management,
including labour productivity, soft cost input productivity, residual
variable factor productivity, and revenue generation.

Part II is the main body of the report. It provides over 200 charts
and tables comparing most dimensions of airport performance
across airports. It also provides comparisons of the status of the
airports in terms of traffic volume, number of employees and
terminal-airside capacity.
A comparison of airport charges
including landing and passenger charges is also presented.

Part III of the report presents a short description of each airport
including a section on new development and on recent awards. It
also includes information on capacity and traffic (with time series
data), airport charges as well as highlights of the current revenue,
and profit margin. In addition, a summary of the airport charges is
also included.

This report includes:
205 airports
25 airports groups/authorities
4
About the ATRS Airport Benchmarking Report (Cont.)
THE REPORT
UNIT COST AND UNIT COMPETITIVENESS
The main objective of this report is to measure and compare the
performance of several important aspects of airport operation including:
The report presents a number of unit cost measures.
These include measures such as labour cost per passenger,
labour cost per aircraft movement, etc. A unit cost index provides
a means by which to examine the relationship to various airport
characteristics and airport service levels.




Productivity and Efficiency
Unit Costs and Unit Competitiveness
Financial Results
Airport Charges
The report also examines the relationship between various performance
measures and airport characteristics in order to better explain the
differences in airport performance.
PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY
The report measures and compares a number of partial measures
of productivity including labour productivity, capital productivity, and “soft
cost input” productivity. These include the typical partial performers such
as passengers per employee, passengers per gate etc.
In addition, this report introduces a number of new partial
productivity measures including the “soft cost input” productivity. “Soft
cost input” productivity, a measure unique to the ATRS Benchmarking
Report, is a catch-all input which includes all expenses other than labour
and capital and is used primarily to take into account the cost of buying in
outsourced services.
The soft cost input account for 28% to 93% of an airports non-capital
expenditures, as such, it is extremely important to consider this soft cost
in examining airport performance.
FINANCIAL RESULTS
The report presents a number of revenue generation
indicators and common financial ratios, including aeronautical
revenue per aircraft movement, total revenue per passenger,
return on equity, current ratio, return on asset, etc. A yield for total
revenue per unit of output is also provided as an overall revenue
generation indicator.
AIRPORT CHARGES
One means for airports to derive revenues is through
charges associated with aeronautical activities. Aeronautical
charges are levied for the use of an airport’s runway, apron and
terminal facilities. Landing charges, typically based on the weight
of the aircraft, terminal (Passenger) charges, generally levied on
the number of passengers at time of departure, and aeronautical
fee as a whole are compared in the report. Three types of aircraft
reflecting different aircraft weight classes are considered: Boeing
777-300ER, Boeing 767-400, Boeing 737-800, Airbus 321, and
CRJ 200. A breakdown of landing charges by weight categories
and passenger charges by boarding passenger is also included.
.
5
Samples
Samples
6
Non-Aeronautical Revenue Share
Part III – Sample Airport Profile
Airport Charges – Cost per enplaned passenger
7
Table of Contents
4.2.1.3
Work Load Units (WLU) per Employee
4.2.1.4
Overall Labor Productivity
4.2.2
Capital Productivity
4.2.2.1
Passengers per Gate
4.2.2.2
Passengers per Square Meter of Terminal Space
4.2.2.3
Aircraft Movement per Runway
4.2.3
Productivity of Soft Cost Input
4.2.3.1
Soft Cost Input Productivity with Passengers as Output
4.2.3.2
Soft Cost Input Productivity-Overall Output Index
4.3 Variable Factor Productivity
4.4 Factors Affecting Productivity
4.4.1
Labour Productivity and Airport Size
4.4.2
Labour Productivity vs. International Traffic
4.4.3
Labour Productivity vs. Cargo Traffic
4.4.4
Capital Productivity vs. Airport Size
4.4.5
Capital Productivity vs. International Traffic
4.4.6
Soft Cost Input Productivity vs. Airport Size
4.4.7
Soft Cost Input Productivity vs. Share of International Traffic
4.4.8
Variable Factor Productivity vs. Airport Characteristics
4.5 Variable Factor Productivity Decomposition and Productive Efficiency
4.5.1
VFP Regression
4.5.2
Residual Variable Factor Productivity
Appendix 4A Comparison of VFP and Stochastic Cost Frontier
Stochastic Cost Frontier Function Estimation
Comparison of Residual VFP and Cost Frontier Results
Part I. Summary Report
Background and Objectives
Summary of Results
Results on the Productivity Measurement and Analysis
Partial Productivity Measures
Labour Productivity
Soft Cost Input Productivity
Capital Productivity
Variable Factor Productivity
Gross Variable Factor Productivity
Residual Variable Factor Productivity
Unit Variable Cost and Cost Competitiveness
Airport Cost Structure
Unit Variable Cost
Cost Competitiveness
Airport Financial Performance
Revenue Share
Revenue generation
Financial Profitability
Airport Rate and Charges
Summary Tables
Summary Tables of Productivity and Efficiency
Summary Tables of Airport Cost Performance
Summary Tables of Airport Revenue
Summary Figures
5.
Airport Cost Performance
5.1 Airport Cost Structure
5.1.1
Labour Cost Share
5.1.2
Soft Cost Shares
5.2 Unit Cost
5.2.1
Labour Cost per Passenger
5.2.2
Labour Cost per Aircraft Movement
5.2.3
Labour Cost per Work Load Unit
5.2.4
Variable Cost per Passenger
5.2.5
Variable Cost per Aircraft Movement
5.2.6
Variable Cost per Work Load Unit
5.2.7
Unit Variable Cost Index
5.3 Factors Affecting Unit Costs
5.3.1
Input Prices
5.3.1.1
Average Annual Employee Compensation
5.3.1.2
Variable Input Price Index
5.3.2
Unit Variable Cost vs. Labour Price
5.3.3
Unit Variable Cost vs. Airport Size
5.3.4
Unit Variable Cost vs. Airport Characteristics
5.4 Cost Competitiveness
6.
Airport Financial Performance
6.1 Revenue Shares
6.1.1
Non-Aeronautical Revenue Share
6.1.2
Aeronautical Revenue Share
6.1.3
Concession Revenue Share
6.1.4
Parking Revenue Share
6.2 Revenue Generation
6.2.1
Aeronautical Revenue per Aircraft Movement
6.2.2
Concession Revenue per Passenger
Part II. Analysis and Full Results
1.
Introduction
1.1 Objectives
1.2 Approach and Scope
2.
Sample Airports
3.
Airport Capacities and Traffic Volume
3.1 Airside Capacity
3.2 Terminal-Side Capacity
3.2.1
Number of Gates
3.2.2
Terminal Size
3.3 Number of Employees
3.4 Traffic Volume
3.4.1
Passenger Traffic
3.4.2
Cargo Traffic
3.4.3
Work Load Unit (WLU)
3.4.4
Aircraft Movements
3.4.5
Passengers per Aircraft Movement
3.5 Market Share of Dominant Hub Carrier
4.
Airport Productivity and Efficiency Performance
4.1 Outputs and Inputs
4.2 Partial Productivity Measures
4.2.1
Labor Productivity
4.2.1.1
Number of Passengers per Employee
4.2.1.2
Aircraft Movements per Employee
8
Table of Contents (cont.)
6.2.3
Operating Revenue per Passenger
6.2.4
Operating Revenue per Aircraft Movement
6.2.5
Operating Revenue per Work Load Unit
6.2.6
Operating Revenue per Employee
6.3 Financial Profitability
6.3.1
Net Operating Income
6.3.2
EBITDA
6.3.3
Operating Margin
6.3.4
Current Ratio
6.3.5
Return on Asset
6.3.6
Return on Equity
6.3.7
Debt-Asset Ratio
6.3.8
Debt-Equity Ratio
7.
Airport Rates and Charges
7.1 Landing Charges
7.2 Terminal (Passenger) Charges
7.3 Combined Landing and Passenger Charges
7.3.1
Combined Landing and Passenger Charges without Baggage and Check-in
Charges
7.3.2
Combined Landing and Passenger Charges with Baggage and Check-in
Charges
7.4 Cost per Enplaned Passenger
7.5 Air Travel Security Charges
7.6 Other Airport Charges
Part III. Airport Profiles, Methodologies and Data Description
Appendix I Airport Profiles
Asia Pacific Airports
European Airports
North American Airports
Appendix II Methodology: Computation of Total Factor Productivity
Appendix III Data and Data Sources
List of Tables
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7
S-8
S-9
Sample Airports
Airport Characteristics
Partial Factor Productivity Measures
Other Partial Productivity Measures
Gross Variable Factor Productivity
Residual Variable Factor Productivity
Unit Variable Cost and Airport Cost Competitiveness
Revenue Shares
Revenue Generation Indicators
2-1a
2-1b
2-1c
2-2a
2-2b
2-2c
Sample Airports-Asia Pacific
Sample Airports-Europe
Sample Airports-North America
Airport Characteristics-Asia Pacific
Airport Characteristics-Europe
Airport Characteristics-North America
3.1a
3.1b
3.1c
Length of Runways –Asia Pacific
Length of Runways –Europe
Length of Runways –North America
4.1.1a
4.1.1b
4.1.1c
4.1.2a
4.1.2b
4.1.2c
4.5.1a
4.5.1b
4.5.1c
4A-1
7.1a
7.1b
7.1c
7.2a
7.2b
7.2c
7.3a
7.3b
7.4
Input Measures – Asia Pacific
Input Measures – Europe
Input Measures – North America
Output Measures – Asia Pacific
Output Measures – Europe
Output Measures – North America
VFP Regression Results – Asia Pacific
VFP Regression Results – Europe
VFP Regression Results – North America
Cost Frontier Function Estimation Results
Landing Charges – Asia Pacific
Landing Charges – Europe
Landing Charges – North America
Terminal (Passenger) Charges for International Flights– Asia Pacific
Terminal (Passenger) Charges for International Flights – Europe
Average Terminal (Passenger) Charges – North America
Combined Landing and Terminal Charges – Asia Pacific
Combined Landing and Terminal Charges - Europe
Cost per Enplaned Passenger-North America
List of Figures
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7
S-8
S-9
S-10
Labor Productivity
Soft Cost Input Productivity
Passengers per Square Meter of Terminal Area
Residual Variable Factor Productivity
Non-Aeronautical Revenue Share
Revenue per Passenger
Revenue per Employee
Landing Charges for Boeing 737
Landing Charges for Airbus 320
Combined Landing and Passenger Charges
3.2.1a
3.2.1b
3.2.1c
3.2.2a
3.2.2b
3.2.2c
3.3a
3.3b
3.3c
3.4.1a
3.4.1b
3.4.1c
3.4.1d
3.4.1e
3.4.1f
3.4.1g
3.4.1h
3.4.1i
3.4.2a
3.4.2b
3.4.2c
Number of Gates – Asia Pacific
Number of Gates – Europe
Number of Gates – North America
Passenger Terminal Size – Asia Pacific
Passenger Terminal Size – Europe
Passenger Terminal Size – North America
Number of Employees – Asia Pacific
Number of Employees – Europe
Number of Employees – North America
Passenger Traffic – Asia Pacific
Passenger Traffic – Europe
Passenger Traffic – North America
International Share Passenger Traffic – Asia Pacific
International Share Passenger Traffic – Europe
International Share Passenger Traffic – North America
Seat Share of Inter-Continental Flights – Asia Pacific
Seat Share of Inter-Continental Flights – Europe
Seat Share of Inter-Continental Flights – North America
Cargo Traffic – Asia Pacific
Cargo Traffic – Europe
Cargo Traffic – North America
9
Table of Contents (Cont.)
3.4.3a
3.4.3b
3.4.3c
3.4.4a
3.4.4b
3.4.4c
3.4.5a
3.4.5b
3.4.5c
3.5a
3.5b
3.5c
Work Load Units (WLU) – Asia Pacific
Work Load Units (WLU) – Europe
Work Load Units (WLU) – North America
Aircraft Movement – Asia Pacific
Aircraft Movement – Europe
Aircraft Movement – North America
Passengers per Aircraft Movement – Asia Pacific
Passengers per Aircraft Movement – Europe
Passengers per Aircraft Movement – North America
Share of Flights by Dominant Carrier – Asia Pacific
Share of Flights by Dominant Carrier – Europe
Share of Flights by Dominant Carrier – North America
4.2.1.1a
4.2.1.1b
4.2.1.1c
4.2.1.2a
4.2.1.2b
4.2.1.2c
4.2.1.3a
4.2.1.3b
4.2.1.3c
4.2.1.4a
4.2.1.4b
4.2.1.4c
4.2.2.1a
4.2.2.1b
4.2.2.1c
4.2.2.2a
4.2.2.2b
4.2.2.2c
4.2.2.3a
4.2.2.3b
4.2.2.3c
4.2.3.1a
4.2.3.1b
4.2.3.1c
4.2.3.2a
4.2.3.2b
4.2.3.2c
4.3a
4.3b
4.3c
4.4.1a
4.4.1b
4.4.2a
4.4.2b
4.4.3a
4.4.3b
4.4.4a
4.4.4b
4.4.4c
Passengers per Employee – Asia Pacific
Passengers per Employee – Europe
Passengers per Employee – North America
Aircraft Movements per Employee – Asia Pacific
Aircraft Movements per Employee – Europe
Aircraft Movements per Employee – North America
Work Load Units (WLU) per Employee – Asia Pacific
Work Load Units (WLU) per Employee – Europe
Work Load Units (WLU) per Employee – North America
Overall Labor Productivity – Asia Pacific
Overall Labor Productivity – Europe
Overall Labor Productivity – North America
Passengers per Gate – Asia Pacific
Passengers per Gate – Europe
Passengers per Gate – North America
Passengers per Square Meter of Terminal Area – Asia Pacific
Passengers per Square Meter of Terminal Area – Europe
Passengers per Square Meter of Terminal Area – North America
Aircraft Movements per Runway – Asia Pacific
Aircraft Movements per Runway – Europe
Aircraft Movements per Runway – North America
Productivity of Soft Cost Inputs with Passengers as Output – Asia Pacific
Productivity of Soft Cost Inputs with Passengers as Output – Europe
Productivity of Soft Cost Inputs with Passengers as Output – North America
Soft Cost Input Productivity – Overall Output Index – Asia Pacific
Soft Cost Input Productivity – Overall Output Index – Europe
Soft Cost Input Productivity –Overall Output Index – North America
Gross Variable Factor Productivity – Asia Pacific
Gross Variable Factor Productivity – Europe
Gross Variable Factor Productivity – North America
Passengers per Employee vs. Airport Size
Labour Productivity vs. Airport Size
Passengers per Employee vs. Share of International Traffic
Labour Productivity vs. Share of International Traffic
Passengers per Employee vs. Share of Cargo Traffic
Labour Productivity vs. Share of Cargo Traffic
Passengers per Gate vs. Airport Size
Passengers per Terminal Square Meter Area vs. Airport Size
Aircraft Movements per Runway vs. Airport Size
4.4.5a
4.4.5b
4.4.5c
4.4.6a
4.4.6b
4.4.7a
4.4.7b
4.4.8a
4.4.8b
4.4.8c
4.4.8d
4.5.2a1
4.5.2a2
4.5.2b1
4.5.2b2
4.5.2c1
4.5.2c2
4A-1a
4A-1b
Passengers per Gate vs. Share of International Traffic
Passengers per Square Meter of Terminal Space vs. Share of International Traffic
Aircraft Movement per Runway vs. Share of International Traffic
Passengers per Unit of Soft Cost Input vs. Airport Size
Soft Cost Input Productivity vs. Airport Size
Passengers per Unit of Soft Cost Input vs. Share of International Traffic
Soft Cost Input Productivity vs. Share of International Traffic
Variable Factor Productivity vs. Airport Size
Variable Factor Productivity vs. Share of International Traffic
Variable Factor Productivity vs. Share of Cargo Traffic
Variable Factor Productivity vs. Share of Non-Aeronautical Revenue
Residual Variable Factor Productivity – Asia
Residual Variable Factor Productivity – Oceania
Residual Variable Factor Productivity – Europe (Large Airports)
Residual Variable Factor Productivity – Europe (Small & Medium Airports)
Residual Variable Factor Productivity – North America (Large Airports)
Residual Variable Factor Productivity – North America
(Small & Medium Airports)
Residual VFP vs. Cost Frontier Efficiency Index 1
Residual VFP vs. Cost Frontier Efficiency Index 2
5.1.1a
5.1.1b
5.1.1c
5.2.1a
5.2.1b
5.2.1c
5.2.2a
5.2.2b
5.2.2c
5.2.3a
5.2.3b
5.2.3c
5.2.4a
5.2.4b
5.2.4c
5.2.5a
5.2.5b
5.2.5c
5.2.6a
5.2.6b
5.2.6c
5.2.7a
5.2.7b
5.2.7c
5.3.1.1a
5.3.1.1b
5.3.1.1c
5.3.1.2a
5.3.1.2b
5.3.1.2c
5.3.2
5.3.3
5.3.4a
5.3.4b
5.3.4c
Labour Cost Share – Asia Pacific
Labour Cost Share – Europe
Labour Cost Share – North America
Labour Cost per Passenger – Asia Pacific
Labour Cost per Passenger – Europe
Labour Cost per Passenger – North America
Labour Cost per Aircraft Movement – Asia Pacific
Labour Cost per Aircraft Movement – Europe
Labour Cost per Aircraft Movement – North America
Labour Cost per Work Load Unit – Asia Pacific
Labour Cost per Work Load Unit – Europe
Labour Cost per Work Load Unit – North America
Variable Cost per Passenger – Asia Pacific
Variable Cost per Passenger – Europe
Variable Cost per Passenger – North America
Variable Cost per Aircraft Movement – Asia Pacific
Variable Cost per Aircraft Movement – Europe
Variable Cost per Aircraft Movement – North America
Variable Cost per Work Load Unit – Asia Pacific
Variable Cost per Work Load Unit – Europe
Variable Cost per Work Load Unit – North America
Unit Variable Cost Index – Asia Pacific
Unit Variable Cost Index – Europe
Unit Variable Cost Index – North America
Average Annual Employee Compensation – Asia Pacific
Average Annual Employee Compensation – Europe
Average Annual Employee Compensation – North America
Variable Input Price Index – Asia Pacific
Variable Input Price Index – Europe
Variable Input Price Index – North America
Unit Variable Cost vs. Labour Price
Unit Variable Cost vs. Airport Size
Unit Variable Cost vs. Aircraft Size
Unit Variable Cost vs. Share of International Traffic
Unit Variable Cost vs. Share of Non-Aeronautical Revenue
10
Table of Contents (Cont.)
5.4a1
5.4a2
5.4b1
5.4b2
5.4c1
5.4c2
Cost Competitiveness – Asia
Cost Competitiveness – Oceania
Cost Competitiveness – Europe (Large Airports)
Cost Competitiveness – Europe (Small & Medium Airports)
Cost Competitiveness – North America (Large Airports)
Cost Competitiveness – North America (Small & Medium Airports)
6.1.1a
6.1.1b
6.1.1c
6.1.3a
6.1.3b
6.1.3c
6.1.4a
6.1.4b
6.1.4c
6.2.1a
6.2.1b
6.2.1c
6.2.2a
6.2.2b
6.2.2c
6.2.3a
6.2.3b
6.2.3c
6.2.4a
6.2.4b
6.2.4c
6.2.5a
6.2.5b
6.2.5c
6.2.6a
6.2.6b
6.2.6c
6.3.1a
6.3.1b
6.3.1c
6.3.2a
6.3.2b
6.3.2c
6.3.3a
6.3.3b
6.3.3c
6.3.4a
6.3.4b
6.3.4c
6.3.5a
6.3.5b
6.3.5c
6.3.6a
6.3.6b
6.3.6c
6.3.6d
6.3.7a
6.3.7b
6.3.7c
Non-Aeronautical Revenue Share – Asia Pacific
Non-Aeronautical Revenue Share – Europe
Non-Aeronautical Revenue Share – North America
Concession Revenue Share – Asia Pacific
Concession Revenue Share – Europe
Concession Revenue Share – North America
Parking Revenue Share – Asia Pacific
Parking Revenue Share – Europe
Parking Revenue Share – North America
Aeronautical Revenue per Aircraft Movement – Asia Pacific
Aeronautical Revenue per Aircraft Movement – Europe
Aeronautical Revenue per Aircraft Movement – North America
Concession Revenue per Passenger – Asia Pacific
Concession Revenue per Passenger – Europe
Concession Revenue per Passenger – North America
Operating Revenue per Passenger – Asia Pacific
Operating Revenue per Passenger – Europe
Operating Revenue per Passenger – North America
Operating Revenue per Aircraft Movement – Asia Pacific
Operating Revenue per Aircraft Movement – Europe
Operating Revenue per Aircraft Movement – North America
Operating Revenue per Work Load Unit – Asia Pacific
Operating Revenue per Work Load Unit – Europe
Operating Revenue per Work Load Unit – North America
Operating Revenue per Employee – Asia Pacific
Operating Revenue per Employee – Europe
Operating Revenue per Employee – North America
Net Operating Income – Asia Pacific
Net Operating Income – Europe
Net Operating Income – North America
EBITDA – Asia Pacific
EBITDA – Europe
EBITDA – North America
Operating Margin – Asia Pacific
Operating Margin – Europe
Operating Margin – North America
Current Ratio – Asia Pacific
Current Ratio – Europe
Current Ratio – North America
Return on Assets – Asia Pacific
Return on Assets – Europe
Return on Assets – North America
Return on Equity – Asia Pacific
Return on Equity – Europe
Return on Equity – United States
Return on Retained Earnings – Canada
Debt-Assets Ratio – Asia Pacific
Debt-Assets Ratio – Europe
Debt-Assets Ratio – North America
6.3.8a
6.3.8b
6.3.8c
Debt-Equity Ratio – Asia Pacific
Debt-Equity Ratio – Europe
Debt-Equity Ratio – United States
7.2a
7.2b
7.2c
7.4
Terminal Charge per Passenger (International Flights) – Asia Pacific
Terminal Charge per Passenger (International Flights) – Europe
Average (Terminal) Revenue per Passenger – North America
Cost per Enplaned Passenger – North America
11
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