Process Evaluation/
Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Prospectus
®
PROSPECTUS January 2007
Process Evaluation/
Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Griffin House, 161 Hammersmith Road, London W6 8BS, UK
tel: +44 20 7950 1600, fax: +44 20 7950 1550
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Nexant , ChemSystems and ChemSystems Online are registered trade marks of Nexant, Inc.
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CONTENTS
SECTION
1
2
3
4
5
PAGE
Introduction to the Program
Value of the Program
Scope of the Program
Detailed Description of the Program
Costs and Subscription
1
2
3
4
5
APPENDIX
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
PAGE
Subscription Terms and Conditions
Contact Details
Illustrative Table Of Contents Acrylic Acid (04/05-6)
Illustrative Tables And Figures
PERP Program Listings
PERP Program 10-Year Title Index, 1996/1997 – 2005/2006
Partial List of Clients
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Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Introduction to the Program
SECTION 1.
The ChemSystems Process Evaluation/Research Planning (PERP) Program is a
multiclient service that provides, by way of periodic reports, an analysis of
technological and commercial trends and developments in areas of interest to the
chemical and allied industries. Our PERP program is entering its 34th year of
publication and is recognized globally as the industry standard source for information
relevant to the chemical process and refining industries.
Our PERP program examines existing, developing, and embryonic technologies
with emphasis on:
■
Updates on major petrochemicals and polymers
■
Early identification of commercially significant developments for these products
■
Recognition of opportunities for new products and for innovative processes
■
Realistic, commercially oriented economic evaluations
■
Determination of the potential impact of R&D breakthroughs
In addition, our PERP reports cover:
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■
Strategic assessments
■
Trends in chemical technology
■
Process economics (new versus conventional technology)
■
Process design
•
chemistry
•
process descriptions
•
flow diagrams
■
Markets for new as well as established products
■
Product applications
■
Regulatory issues
■
Regional supply/demand forecasts
■
Regional capital listings by company
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Page 1
Value of the Program
SECTION 2.
Our PERP Program is unique in that it provides clients with process, technoeconomic,
and market information useful in both research and business planning. This
information is used by clients for:
Identification of Opportunities
An early awareness of the significance of new technological developments is key to a
company's planning activities. Our PERP reports pinpoint recent developments that
clients and our staff believe are important, and then place these developments in an
economic context. This provides clients with a reliable and readily accessible source
of data for consistent analyses of new developments.
Project Planning
Companies considering new investment decisions will find our PERP reports useful as
a basis for commercially realistic investment and operating data.
Process Research
Our PERP program is designed to aid effective research planning by making client
companies aware, to the maximum extent possible, of other companies' technology
development efforts and of the true current and future economics of new and existing
processes.
Process Evaluations
Many types of companies, including operating companies, contractors, refiners,
specialty and performance chemical manufacturers, find it essential to have reliable
information available on the leading processes for making important chemicals. Our
PERP Program contributions contain reliable data that has been acknowledged for
over 33 years.
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2006/2007 Program
Page 2
Scope of the Program
SECTION 3.
The structure and scope of our PERP program is designed to provide useful
information to research planning and monitoring personnel on a variety of polymers,
petrochemicals, commodity, specialty, and performance chemicals, as well as other
topics of relevance to the chemical industry.
Two types of reports are published: Petrochemical Updates and Special Reports.
Petrochemical Updates are designed to give state-of-the-art, up-to-date information on
major petrochemicals and polymers. Emphasis is placed on existing commercial
technology with information derived from licensors, literature, and non-confidential
operating company data. The reports also cover new developments in the field. Each
report contains an extensive commercial section, updating the latest application
developments, supply/demand balances and regulatory issues.
Strategic
assessments, tying together the technical and commercial issues, are also discussed.
The Special Reports cover a variety of topics including new process technology,
specialties, advanced materials, waste treatment, engineering advances. Subjects are
chosen based on clients’ requests and our review of literature and the industry. These
reports provide a valuable insight into areas of economic value. As with the
Petrochemical Updates, Special Reports cover both technology and the commercial
picture.
A typical PERP format for a Special Report includes a discussion of the chemistry of
the topic. Process designs and flowsheets based on the best available information are
developed for the new technology and generally for the conventional technology
against which it may compete. Economic projections for each are compared. The
effects of changing raw material prices on the economics are estimated. The existing
and potential markets are surveyed, usually on a tri-regional basis.
The tables of contents of a recent PERP report is reproduced in Appendix C to
illustrate the type of coverage provided. Appendix D contains an example of a cost of
production table which is developed for these reports as well as typical plots relevant
to process economics. A process flow diagram is also shown.
Titles of our reports from the 2000/2001, 2001/2002, 2002/2003, 2003/2004,
2004/2005, 2005/2006 and 2006/2007 programs are given in Appendix F. An
alphabetized list of titles, by keyword, of PERP reports published in the 1996/1997 –
2005/2006 programs is included to illustrate the breadth of our program (Appendix E).
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2006/2007 Program
Page 3
Detailed Description of the
Program
SECTION 4.
Our PERP Program for 2006/2007 will provide:
■
■
Reports on advances in the technology, updates of current economics, strategic
issues and market information for the major petrochemicals listed below:
•
Acetic Acid
- Alpha Olefins
•
Polypropylene
- Benzene/Toluene
•
Propylene
- Bisphenol A
•
Butanediol/THF
- Oxo Alcohols
Twelve Special Reports, which cover technical and economic analyses of recent
technical or commercial developments. The topics are chosen as the year
progresses based on client input and searches of the patent, technical and
commercial literature, as well as client suggestions. Subjects covered include
polymers, specialty chemicals, fine chemicals, commodities, advanced materials,
and chemical engineering. Conceptual process designs are developed for the new
technology and for the conventional technology against which it may compete.
Economic projections for each are compared. New clients may substitute any of
the earlier reports for those published in this series. (See Appendices E and F.)
Tri-regional (North America, Western Europe, Japan) supply/demand information
will be provided for certain of the products involved. Other countries may be
included when pertinent.
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2006/2007 Program
Page 4
Costs and Subscription
SECTION 5.
Subscription prices are for an annual company subscription to our PERP program.
The standard subscription includes one paper copy of PERP reports and unlimited
downloads of electronic reports from the www.chemsystems.com web site.
Subscription prices are in U.S. dollars and are invoiced at the start of the subscription
period. PERP subscriptions include:
■
Consulting services (two man-days per year) of a Nexant consultant on subjects of
interest to clients. Travel and living expenses, if applicable, will be reimbursed by
the client at cost.
■
A special PERP client rate for our seminars held annually in the U.S., Western
Europe and Japan.
■
Special client price for previously published reports.
■
The price for the 2006/2007 program year is $38,000.
The reports will be published individually in a hard-cover binding suitable for
permanent storage.
One copy of each of the reports issued during the year is supplied. A complete
extra set of reports may be purchased for $1,000. Additional copies of reports are
available at the reproduction and handling cost of $100 per copy. Copies may be
sent to different locations at the request of the client.
■
®
Unlimited downloads of soft copies of all reports via a password protected area
within www.chemsystems.com are permitted at no extra cost.
January 2007
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Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 5
Subscription Terms and Conditions
APPENDIX A.
1. The undersigned (hereafter "Subscriber") hereby
subscribes to purchase from Nexant, Inc. (“Nexant”),
the ChemSystems Process Evaluation/Research
Planning (PERP) Program for the 2006/2007 program
year (“the Program”), in accordance with the following
terms and conditions.
3. The Program information will be retained by Subscriber for
the sole and confidential use of Subscriber and its 51 percent
or greater owned affiliates in their own research and
commercial activities, including loaning the reports on a
confidential basis to third parties for temporary and specific
use for the sole benefit of Subscriber.
Nexant will provide to Subscriber the following
information and services in connection with the
Program (collectively, the “Program Information”):
4. Subscriber further agrees that it will use reasonable efforts to
keep the Program Information in the reports for its sole use;
however, this restriction shall not apply to information which is
or becomes generally available to the public in a printed
publication, which is already in the possession of Subscriber,
or which is received by Subscriber in good faith from a third
party without an obligation of confidentiality.
(a)
Eight Petrochemical Updates, identified below,
which review current technology, trends, and
market conditions for the following products:
- Acetic Acid
5. Subscriber shall not republish any of the report except within
its own organization or that of its 51 percent or greater owned
affiliates. Subscriber further agrees to refrain from any
general publication of the Program Information, either directly
or through its affiliates, so as to constitute passage of title into
the public domain or otherwise jeopardize common law or
statutory copyright in the Program Information.
- Polypropylene
- Propylene
- Butanediol/THF
- Alpha Olefins
- Benzene/Toluene
- Bisphenol A
- Oxo Alcohols
(b)
Twelve reports prepared by Nexant covering
selected fields including polymers, specialty
chemicals, fine chemicals, commodities, advanced
materials, and advances in chemical engineering
procedures.
(c)
Consulting services of a Nexant consultant for up
to a total of two man-days. Travel and living
expenses, if applicable, will be reimbursed by
Subscriber to Nexant at cost within thirty days of
submission of a written notice.
(d)
Admission for up to five of Subscriber’s employees
at each of Nexant’s Annual Petrochemical
Seminars in the United States and Western
Europe at a special rate, discounted from the
public offering rate, to be advised by Nexant in
advance of each seminar. Subscriber will be
responsible for all living and travel expenses of
Subscriber’s attendees.
2. While the information supplied by Nexant to Subscriber
in connection with the Program will represent an
original effort by Nexant, based on its own research, it
is understood that portions of the reports will involve the
collection of information available from third parties,
both published and unpublished. Nexant does not
believe that such information will contain any
confidential technical information of third parties but
cannot provide any assurance that any third party may,
from time to time, claim a confidential obligation to such
information.
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January 2007
00235.040.20
6. In consideration of the Program Information, Subscriber will
be billed by and shall pay to Nexant a total subscription fee of
US$38,000 (thirty-eight thousand U.S. dollars). Subscriber
shall have the option of being invoiced the total amount upon
signing this Subscription Agreement or in two equal
installments, one upon signing this Subscription Agreement
and the second six months later. Amounts are due upon
receipt of invoice and payable within thirty (30) days. Late
payments shall accrue interest at the rate of 1.5% per month.
Fees quoted do not include any applicable sales tax, or use
or value added tax, all of which are for the account of
Subscriber.
7. Subscriber shall receive one (1) hard-cover bound copy of
each 2006/2007 program report and access to electronic
downloads of each 2006/2007 program report via a
password-protected area from www.chemsystems.com. All
rights and limitations described above apply equally to hard
copy and electronic versions of the reports. Additional copies
of any 2006/2007 Program hard-cover bound report can be
obtained by Subscriber at US$100 each. An additional full
set of hard-cover bound reports for the 2006/2007 Program
Year can be obtained for US$1,000.
8. The obligations of paragraphs 3 and 4 shall terminate five (5)
years from receipt of reports.
9. Unless specified otherwise, there are no warranties of any
kind for reports and consulting services provided under this
Agreement. Nexant’s total liability under this Agreement is
limited to the total amount paid to Nexant for the reports.
10. This Agreement will be governed by the laws of the State of
New York, United States of America.
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 6
APPENDIX A.
Subscription Terms and Conditions
If the foregoing terms are acceptable, please sign below to confirm subscriber’s agreement and return to Nexant.
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NEXANT, INC., CHEMSYSTEMS PERP PROGRAM
44 SOUTH BROADWAY, 5th Floor
WHITE PLAINS, NY 10601-4425, U.S.A.
FAX: 1-914-609-0399
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Page 7
Contact Details
APPENDIX B.
®
EUROPE
Nexant Ltd.
Griffin House
161 Hammersmith Road
London, W6 8BS
United Kingdom
Attn:
Mark Morgan
Executive Consultant
Tel:
+ 44 (20) 7950 1596
Fax:
+ 44 (20) 7950 1550
Email: mmorgan@nexant.com
AMERICAS
Nexant, Inc.
44 South Broadway
White Plains, NY 10601-4425
U.S.A.
Attn:
Heidi Junker Coleman
Multiclient Programs Administrator
Division Marketing/Communication Manager
Tel:
+ 1 (914) 609 0381
Fax:
+ 1 (914) 609 0399
e-mail: hcoleman@nexant.com
ASIA
Nexant (Thailand) Ltd
LSCB Park Plaza, West Tower 2
th
20 Floor, Zone B
18 Ratchadapisek Road
Kwaeng Chatuchak, Khet Chatuchak
Bangkok 10900
Thailand
Attn:
John King
Vice President
Tel:
+66-2-937-5150
Fax:
+66-2-937-5145
Email: jwking@nexant.com
TOKYO
Nexant Inc.
Yoshida Bldg. 7F
1-2-2 Hirakawa-cho, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo 102-0093
Japan
Attn:
Mr Ko Matsushita
Associate
Tel:
+81-3-3237-3383
Fax:
+81-3-5212-1708
Email: kmatsushita@nexant.com
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Illustrative Table of Contents
Acrylic Acid (04/05-6)
APPENDIX C.
Section
Page
1
Executive Summary
1.1 SYNOPSIS
1.2 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT
1.3 COMMERICAL TECHNOLOGY
1.3.1 Acrylic Acid
1.3.1.1 Propylene
1.3.1.2 Acetylene
1.3.2 Commodity Acrylates
1.3.3 Acrylic Acid Purification
1.4 EMERGING TECHNOLOGY
1.4.1 Propane Based Technologies
1.4.2 Biotransformation
1.5 PROCESS TECHNOECONOMIC SUMMARY
1.5.1 Commercial Processes
1.5.2 Emerging Technology
1.6 COMMERCIAL STATUS SUMMARY
1.6.1 Crude Acrylic Acid
1.6.2 Commodity Acrylates
1.6.3 Glacial Acrylic Acid
1.7 STRATEGIC ISSUES
1.7.1 Propylene
1.7.2 Biotransformation
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Introduction
2.1 OVERVIEW
2.2 MANUFACTURE
2.2.1 Acetylene Chemistry
2.2.2 Acetyls Chemistry
2.2.3 Ethylene Chemistry
2.2.3.1 Ethylene Cyanohydrin
2.2.3.2 Ethylene Oxide Carbonylation
2.2.4 Propylene Chemistry
2.2.4.1 Acrylonitrile/Acrylamide
2.2.4.2 Single Stage Oxidation
2.2.4.3 Two Stage Oxidation
2.2.5 Biotransformation
2.3 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
2.3.1 Specifications
2.3.2 Storage and Transportation
2.3.2.1 Acrylic Acid
2.3.2.2 Commodity Acrylate Esters
2.3.3 Toxicity
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APPENDIX C.
3
Illustrative Table of Contents Acrylic Acid (04/05-6)
Commercial Processes
3.1 OVERVIEW
3.2 PROPYLENE BASED PROCESSES FOR CRUDE ACRYLIC ACID
3.2.1 Process Chemistry
3.2.1.1 By-Product Formation
Furfural Formation
By-Product Gases
3.2.1.2 General Catalytic Concepts and Operating Conditions
Primary Oxidation
Secondary Oxidation
3.2.1.3 Catalyst Developments
3.2.2 Process Design
3.2.2.1 General Comments
3.2.2.2 Reaction Section
Tandem Reactors
Combination Reactors
Process Layout and Operation
3.2.2.3 Separation Train
Water Quench
Solvent Quench
3.2.3 Environmental Treatment
3.2.3.1 Incineration
3.2.3.2 Wastewater Treatment
3.2.3.3 Solid Waste
3.2.4 Metallurgy
3.2.5 Storage Requirements
3.3 GLACIAL ACRYLIC ACID
3.3.1 Overview
3.3.2 Crystallization
3.3.3 Distillation
3.3.3.1 Standard Grade
3.3.3.2 Flocculant Grades
3.4 CRUDE ACRYLIC ACID FROM ACETYLENE
3.4.1 Process Chemistry
3.4.2 Mass Balance and Integration
3.5 COMMODITY ACRYLATES
3.5.1 Overview
3.5.2 Process Chemistry
3.5.3 Process Design
3.5.3.1 Methyl Acrylate/Sulfuric Acid
3.5.3.2 Higher Acrylates
3.5.4 Environmental Considerations
3.5.4.1 Organic Waste
3.5.4.2 Wastewater
3.5.5 Specialty Acrylates
3.5.6 Commodity Acrylates from Acetylene
3.5.6.1 Process Integration and Mass Balance
3.5.6.2 Simplified Process Design
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APPENDIX C.
Illustrative Table of Contents Acrylic Acid (04/05-6)
4
Ongoing Development
4.1 OVERVIEW
4.2 PROPANE BASED PROCESSES
4.2.1 Direct Propane Oxidation
4.2.1.1 Catalyst
4.2.1.2 Reactor Limitations
4.2.1.3 Separation Train Limitations
Quench/Absorber Column and Recycle
Azeotropic and Desorption Column
4.2.2 Oxidative Dehydrogenation
4.3 FLUID BED PROPYLENE OXIDATION
4.4 BIOTRANSFORMATION PROCESSES
4.4.1 Lactic Acid Route
4.4.1.1 Lactic Acid Acetoxylation
4.4.1.2 Acrylic Acid Production
4.4.1.3 Simplified Process Concept
Scale
Water Concentration
Metallurgy
Ketene Production
4.4.2 Hydroxypropionaldehyde Route
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Commercial Review
5.1 OVERVIEW
5.2 APPLICATIONS OF ACRYLIC ACID AND ACRYLATES
5.2.1 Crude Acrylic Acid
5.2.2 Glacial Acrylic Acid End-Uses
5.2.2.1 Polyacrylic Acid
5.2.2.2 Superabsorbent Polymers
5.2.2.3 Detergent Applications
5.2.2.4 Miscellaneous End-Uses for Polyacrylic Acid and Copolymers
5.2.2.5 Miscellaneous End-Uses for Glacial Acrylic Acid
5.2.3 Commodity Acrylates
5.2.3.1 Coatings
Emulsion Systems
Straight Acrylics
Vinyl Acrylates
Styrene Acrylates
Acrylic Latexes
Acrylate Polymers in Organic Solution
5.2.3.2 Adhesives and Sealants
Emulsion Polymers
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Solution Polymers
5.2.3.3 Textiles and Fibers
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APPENDIX C.
Illustrative Table of Contents Acrylic Acid (04/05-6)
5.2.3.4 Polymer Additives/Impact Modifiers
5.2.3.5 Film and Barrier Resin Applications
5.2.3.6 Varnishes and Polishes
5.2.3.7 Printing Inks
5.2.3.8 Miscellaneous
5.2.4 Specialty Acrylates
5.2.4.1 Alkyl Acrylates
5.2.4.2 Radiation Curing
5.2.4.3 Hydroxyalkyl Acrylates
5.2.4.4 Dialkylaminoethyl Acrylates
5.3 GLOBAL MARKET
5.3.1 Crude Acrylic Acid
5.3.2 Commodity Acrylates
5.3.3 Glacial Acrylic Acid
5.4 MAJOR MARKETS
5.4.1 United States
5.4.1.1 Consumption
Crude Acrylic Acid
Commodity Acrylates
Specialty Acrylates
Glacial Acrylic Acid
5.4.1.2 Production Capacity
5.4.1.3 Supply/Demand Balance and Trade
5.4.2 Western Europe
5.4.2.1 Consumption
Crude Acrylic Acid
Commodity Acrylates
Specialty Acrylates
Glacial Acrylic Acid
5.4.2.2 Production Capacity
5.4.2.3 Supply/Demand Balance and Trade
5.4.3 Japan
5.4.3.1 Consumption
Crude Acrylic Acid
Commodity Acrylates
Specialty Acrylates
Glacial Acrylic Acid
5.4.3.2 Production Capacity
5.4.3.3 Supply/Demand Balance and Trade
5.5 EMERGING MARKETS
5.5.1 East Asia
5.5.2 Rest of the World
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APPENDIX C.
Illustrative Table of Contents Acrylic Acid (04/05-6)
6
Process Economics
6.1 OVERVIEW
6.2 PROPYLENE BASED PROCESS
6.2.1 Capital Cost Estimates
6.2.1.1 Inside Battery Limits
6.2.1.2 Outside Battery Limits
6.2.2 Variable Cost
6.2.2.1 Raw Materials
6.2.2.2 Utilities
6.2.3 Fixed Costs
6.3 ACETYLENE BASED PROCESSES
6.3.1 Capital Cost Estimates
6.3.2 Variable Cost
6.3.2.1 Raw Materials
6.3.2.2 Utilities
6.3.3 Fixed Costs
6.4 COMMODITY ACRYLATES
6.4.1 Capital Cost Estimates
6.4.2 Variable Cost
6.4.2.1 Raw Materials
Methyl Acrylate
Ethyl Acrylate
n-Butyl Acrylate
2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate
6.4.2.2 Utilities
6.4.3 Fixed Costs
6.5 GLACIAL ACRYLIC ACID
6.6 PRODUCT COST SUMMARY
6.7 SENSITIVITIES
6.7.1 The Impact of Gas Price
6.7.2 The Scale Impact
6.8 NEW PROCESSES
6.8.1 Propane Economics
6.8.2 Biotransformation Economics
6.9 SUMMARY
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Strategic Issues
7.1 OVERVIEW
7.2 PROPYLENE SUPPLY
7.2.1 Propylene Demand
7.2.1.1 By Application
7.2.1.2 By Region
7.2.2 Propylene Production
7.3 THE BIOTRANSFORMATION OPTION
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APPENDIX C.
8
Illustrative Table of Contents Acrylic Acid (04/05-6)
Bibliography
8.1 GENERAL REFERENCES AND SOURCES
8.2 REFERENCED PERP REPORTS
8.3 SPECIFIC REFERENCES
8.3.1 Selected Patents awarded to BASF
8.3.2 Selected Patents awarded to Nippon Shokubai
8.3.3 Selected Patents awarded to Mitsubishi Chemical Corp
8.3.4 Selected Patents Awarded to Rohm&Haas
8.3.5 Selected Patents Awarded to Arkema
8.3.6 Selected Patents Awarded to Other Parties
8.3.7 Selected Patents concerning Acetylene based Acrylic Acid Production
8.3.8 Selected Patents concerning Propane based Acrylic Acid Production
8.3.9 Fluid Bed Acrylic Acid Processes
8.3.10 Selected Patents/Articles concerning Biotransformation based
Acrylic Acid Production
8.4 AD HOC REFERENCES
8.5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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Appendix
Page
A
B
150
155
Cost of Production Methodology
PERP Program Title Index
Figure
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
Page
Chemical Routes to Acrylic Acid/Acrylates
Acrylic Acid Production Based On Gas-Derived Acetylene
Acrylic Acid from Lactic Acid
Production Cost Summary
Propylene Supply/Demand Balance
Extending the Corn Vale Chain
Integrated Acetylene based Acrylic Acid Process
Acrylic Acid from Acetic Acid
Ethylene Based Routes to Acrylic Acid
Propylene Based Routes to Acrylic Acid
Biotransformation Routes to Acrylic Acid
Simplified View of Propylene to Acrolein Reaction Mechanism
Oxidation Reactor Schematic
Tandem Acrylic Acid Reactors in Shipment
Nippon Shokubai Combination Reactor
Alternative Design of Combination Reactor
Oxidation Section with Tandem Reactors (One Line Only)
Simplified Water Quench Separation Tandem
Solvent Quench Separation Tran
Simplified Incinerator Design
Simplified Wastewater Treatment System Design
®
January 2007
00235.040.20
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5
6
8
13
14
16
17
18
19
19
23
27
28
29
30
32
35
37
39
40
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 14
APPENDIX C.
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
4.1
4.2
4.3
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
5.21
5.22
5.23
5.24
5.25
5.26
5.27
5.28
5.29
5.30
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
Illustrative Table of Contents Acrylic Acid (04/05-6)
Mass Balance for Crude Acrylic Acid from Acetylene
Methyl Acrylate Production
Butyl Acrylate Production
Combined Acrylic Acid/Methyl Acrylate Production from Acetylene
Commodity Acrylates from Acetylene
Acrylic Acid via Propane Oxidative Dehydrogenation
Conceptual Fluid Bed Acrylic Acid Process reaction Section
Integrated Lactic Acid to Acrylic Acid Process
Global Crude Acrylic Acid Demand by Major Derivative
Global Crude Acrylic Acid Demand by Major Region
Global Crude Acrylic Acid Supply/Demand Balance
Global Crude Acrylic Acid Inter-Regional by Major Region
Global Commodity Acrylate Demand by Ester
Global Commodity Acrylate Demand by Region by Ester
Global Commodity Acrylate Supply/Demand Balance
Global Commodity Acrylate Inter-Regional Trade
Global Glacial Acrylic Acid Supply/Demand Balance
United States Acrylic Acid Consumption by End-Use
United States Commodity Acrylate Consumption by Major End-Use
United States Commodity Acrylate Consumption by Ester
Location of Acrylic Acid and Commodity Acrylate Plants on the US Gulf Coast
United States Crude Acrylic Acid Supply/Demand Balance
United States Commodity Acrylate Supply/Demand Balance
United States Glacial Acrylic Acid Supply/Demand Balance
West European Acrylic Acid Consumption by End-Use
West European Commodity Acrylate Consumption by Major End-Use
West European Commodity Acrylate Consumption by Ester
Location of Acrylic Acid and Commodity Acrylate Plants in Western Europe
Western Europe Crude Acrylic Acid Supply/Demand Balance
Western Europe Commodity Acrylate Supply/Demand Balance
Western Europe Glacial Acrylic Acid Supply/Demand Balance
Japanese Acrylic Acid Consumption by End-Use
Japanese Commodity Acrylate Consumption by Major End-Use
United States Commodity Acrylate Consumption by Ester
Location of Acrylic Acid and Commodity Acrylate Plants in Japan
Japanese Crude Acrylic Acid Supply/Demand Balance
Japanese Commodity Acrylate Supply/Demand Balance
Japanese Glacial Acrylic Acid Supply/Demand Balance
Cost of Production Summary for Acrylic Acid and Acrylates
Cost of Production Summary for Acrylic Acid and Acrylates
Cost of Production Summary for Acrylic Acid – Impact of Scale
Cost of Production Summary for Acrylic Acid – Propylene versus Propane
Cost of Production Summary for Acrylic Acid – Lactic Acid Acetylation
Global Propylene Consumption by End-Use, 1995-2015
Global Propylene Consumption by End-Use, 1995-2015
Global Propylene Production by Source, 1995-2015
Extending the Corn Value Chain
®
January 2007
00235.040.20
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49
51
53
55
58
60
63
79
79
80
80
81
83
83
84
85
86
87
88
90
93
93
94
94
95
95
97
100
100
101
102
102
103
104
107
107
108
126
127
128
129
131
132
133
134
135
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 15
APPENDIX C.
Illustrative Table of Contents Acrylic Acid (04/05-6)
Table
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
2.1
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14
5.15
5.16
5.17
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
Page
Production Cost Summary
Global Crude Acrylic Acid Supply/Demand Summary
Global Commodity Acrylate Supply/Demand Summary
Global Glacial Acrylic Acid Supply/Demand Summary
Acrylic Acid and Commodity Acrylate Specifications
Global Crude Acrylic Acid Supply/Demand Summary
Global Commodity Acrylate Supply/Demand Summary
Global Glacial Acrylic Acid Supply/Demand Summary
United States Acrylic Acid and Commodity Acrylate Capacity, End 2005
United States Crude Acrylic Acid Market Summary
United States Commodity Market Summary
United States Glacial Acrylic Acid Market Summary
West European Acrylic Acid and Commodity Acrylate Capacity, End 2005
Western Europe Crude Acrylic Acid Market Summary
Western Europe Commodity Market Summary
Western Europe Glacial Acrylic Acid Market Summary
Japanese Acrylic Acid and Commodity Acrylate Capacity, End 2005
Japanese Crude Acrylic Acid Market Summary
Japanese Commodity Market Summary
Japanese Glacial Acrylic Acid Market Summary
East Asian Acrylic Acid and Commodity Acrylate Capacity, End 2005
Rest of the World Acrylic Acid and Commodity Acrylate Capacity, End 2005
Raw Material, Utility and Manpower Costs
Cost of Production Estimate for Crude Acrylic Acid
Cost of Production Estimate for Crude Acrylic Acid
Cost of Production Estimate for Methyl Acrylate
Cost of Production Estimate for Ethyl Acrylate
Cost of Production Estimate for n-Butyl Acrylate
Cost of Production Estimate for 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate
Cost of Production Estimate for Glacial Acrylic Acid
Cost of Production Estimate for 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate
Cost of Production Summary for Acrylic Acid and Acrylates
®
January 2007
00235.040.20
8
10
11
12
20
78
82
85
90
91
92
92
97
98
99
99
104
105
106
106
109
109
110
113
116
119
120
121
122
124
125
126
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 16
Illustrative Tables and Figures
APPENDIX D.
Table D.1
Cost of Production Estimate for: Caprolactam
Process: Ex Cyclohexane (High Ammonium Sulfate)
Plant Start-up
Analysis Date
Location
Capacity
1Q2005
1Q2005
USGC
440.9
200.0
100
440.9
Operating Rate
Throughput
CAPITAL COST
ISBL
OSBL
Total Plant Capital
Other Project Costs
Total Project Investment
Working Capital
Total Capital Employed
Million Pounds/Yr
Thousand Metric Tons/Yr
Percent
Million Pounds/Yr
UNITS
Per Lb
Product
PRODUCTION COST SUMMARY
Cyclohexane
Gal
Ammonia
Lb
Hydrogen
Lb
Caustic Soda
Lb
Sulfuric Acid
Lb
Carbon Dioxide
Lb
Catalyst & Chemicals
U.S.$
TOTAL RAW MATERIALS
RAW MATERIALS
0.14570
0.92000
0.04000
0.12000
1.59000
0.42000
1.00000
PRICE
U.S. $
/Unit
3.0301
0.1302
0.2724
0.1624
0.0400
0.0150
0.0098
MILLION U.S. $
367.3
146.8
514.1
128.5
642.6
62.4
705.0
U.S. $
Per Lb
ANNUAL
COST MM
U.S. $
0.4415
0.1198
0.0109
0.0195
0.0636
0.0063
0.0098
0.6713
194.66
52.81
4.80
8.59
28.04
2.78
4.31
296.00
(0.1440)
(0.0019)
(0.1459)
0.5254
0.0267
0.0225
0.0176
0.0002
0.0234
0.0565
0.1469
0.6722
(63.49)
(0.85)
(64.35)
231.65
11.77
9.90
7.76
0.08
10.34
24.91
64.75
296.41
U.S. $
Per MT
1,480.0
BY-PRODUCT CREDITS
UTILITIES
Ammonium Sulfate
Lb
Heavy By-Products
Lb
TOTAL BY-PRODUCT CREDITS
NET RAW MATERIALS
Power (Purchased)
kWh
Cooling Water
M Gal
Process Water
M Gal
Boiler Feedwater
M Gal
Steam (Gas), 200 Psig
M Lb
Steam (Gas), 600 Psig
M Lb
TOTAL UTILITIES
NET RAW MATERIALS & UTILITIES
2.40000
0.05000
0.567000
0.244600
0.016700
0.000100
0.002900
0.006200
0.0600
0.0387
0.0471
0.0918
1.0540
1.7910
8.0829
9.1119
VARIABLE COST
DIRECT FIXED COSTS
ALLOCATED FIXED COSTS
Laborers,
100.0 Men
Foremen,
15.0 Men
Supervisors,
2.0 Men
Maintenance, Material & Labor
Direct Overhead
TOTAL DIRECT FIXED COSTS
General Plant Overhead
Insurance, Property Tax
TOTAL ALLOCATED FIXED COSTS
43.3
49.1
59.3
4.00
45.0
Thousand
U.S. $
Thousand
U.S. $
Thousand
U.S. $
% of ISBL
% Labor & Supervision
60.0 % Direct Fixed Costs
1.0 % Total Plant Capital
CASH COST
Depreciation @
10.0 % for ISBL & OPC
5.0 % for OSBL
COST OF PRODUCTION
Return on Total Capital Employed (Incl. WC) @
COST OF PRODUCTION + ROCE
®
January 2007
00235.040.20
10.0 Percent
(321.7)
1,158.3
323.8
1,482.0
0.6722
296.41
0.0098
0.0017
0.0003
0.0333
0.0053
0.0504
0.0302
0.0117
0.0419
0.7645
4.33
0.74
0.12
14.69
2.33
22.21
13.33
5.14
18.47
337.08
1,482.0
92.3
1,685.4
0.1291
56.92
284.6
0.8936
394.01
1,970.0
0.1599
70.50
352.5
1.0535
464.51
2,322.6
111.0
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 17
APPENDIX D.
Illustrative Tables and Figures
Cost of Production, US$/Metric Ton Ethanol
Figure D.1
Comparison of Cost of Production of Ethanol Process
(capital capacity: 208 thousand metric tons per year)
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
Direct Ethylene Hydration
Variable Cost
Corn Dry Milling
Direct & Allocated Fixed Cost
Dilute Acid and Enzymatic
Hydrolysis of Corn Stover
Depreciation
10% ROCE
O:\Q405_00101.0005.4116_Charts.xls\Sheet1
®
January 2007
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Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 18
®
Air
January 2007
00235.040.20
Boric Acid Make-up
Cyclohexane Feed
C.W.
DECANTER
Vent
Water
Stm
Vacuum
Stm
ESTER
HYDROLYZER
C.W.
PHASE
SEPARATOR
DEPEROXIDIZER
VENT
SCRUBBER
SYSTEM
CYCLOHEXANE
BOILER
DEHYDRATOR/
DECANTER
Stm
OXIDATION REACTORS
ECONOMIZER
RECYCLE
COMPPESSOR
Purge
Heavies to
Disposal
KA OIL
PURIFICATION
COLUMN
Stm
Vacuum
C.W.
SLURRY
TANK
BORIC ACID
CRYSTALLIZER
CENTRIFUGE
Ka Oil
to
Storage
Wash
Water
C.W.
Stm
C.W.
Water
SAPONIFIER
Q106_00101.0005.4113.vsd
Water
CYCLOHEXANE
STRIPPER
To Waste
Treatment
Stm
CYCLOHEXANE
RECOVERY
COLUMN
C.W.
Figure D.2
KA Oil From Cyclohexane:
Boric Acid Route
Ref
Vac.
FIRST &
SECOND
WATER
WASHERS
Water
Caustic Soda
APPENDIX D.
Illustrative Tables and Figures
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 19
PERP Program Listings
APPENDIX E.
2006/2007 PERP PROGRAM
PETROCHEMICAL UPDATES
06/07-1
06/07-2
06/07-3
06/07-4
06/07-5
06/07-6
06/07-7
06/07-8
Publication Date
Acetic Acid
Polypropylene
Propylene
Butanediol/THF
Alpha Olefins
Benzene/Toluene
Bisphenol A
Oxo Alcohols
SPECIAL REPORTS
06/07S1
06/07S2
06/07S3
06/07S4
06/07S5
06/07S6
06/07S7
06/07S8
06/07S9
06/07S10
06/07S11
06/07S12
Hydrogen Production in Refineries
Hydrogen Peroxide-Based PO
Urea
Biodiesel Glycerine to Epichlorohydrin
Biomass Gasification
Phthalic Anhydride
Polyaramids
Renewables to Solvents
CO2 Utilisation
Remaining report topics to be determined based on client input and industry
developments
®
January 2007
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Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 20
APPENDIX E.
PERP Program Listings
2005/2006 PERP PROGRAM
PETROCHEMICAL UPDATES
05/06-1
05/06-2
05/06-3
05/06-4
05/06-5
05/06-6
05/06-7
05/06-8
Vinyl Acetate
Acrylonitrile
HDPE
Phenol/Acetone/Cumene
Butadiene/Butylenes
Terephthalic Acid
Polycarbonate
Xylenes
Publication Date
August 2006
October 2006
December 2006
December 2006
July 2006
August 2006
SPECIAL REPORTS
05/06S1
05/06S2
05/06S3
05/06S4
05/06S5
05/06S6
05/06S7
05/06S8
05/06S9
05/06S10
05/06S11
05/06S12
®
January 2007
00235.040.20
Biogasoline
Wood Composites
Styrene from Ethane and Benzene
Glycerine to Epichlorohydrin
Ammonia as a Hydrogen Carrier
Optimizing Aromatics Production
Polyolefin Elastomers
Trends in Plasticizers
Polyaramids
Octene-1
Renewables to Solvents
LNG Regasification
November 2006
January 2007
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 21
APPENDIX E.
PERP Program Listings
2004/2005 PERP PROGRAM
PETROCHEMICAL UPDATES
04/05-1
04/05-2
04/05-3
04/05-4
04/05-5
04/05-6
04/05-7
04/05-8
LDPE
Methyl Methacrylate
Caprolactam
Polystyrene
Ethylene Oxide/Ethylene Glycol
Acrylic Acid
Ethylene
Ethanol
Publication Date
June 2005
March 2006
February 2006
February 2006
January 2006
February 2006
September 2005
January 2006
SPECIAL REPORTS
04/05S1
04/05S2
04/05S3
04/05S4
04/05S9
04/05S10
04/05S11
04/05S12
Fuel Switching with NGLs/Small Scale LNG
August 2005
EPDM
May 2005
Crystalline High Temperature Polymers
February 2006
Impact of Supply Chain IT Applications on the Refining
Industry
April 2006
Nylon Fiber Spinning Technology
December 2005
Polypropylene Compounding
December 2005
Reducing Costs in PET Manufacture
July 2005
Gas Processing and NGL Extraction: Natural Gas
Conditioning
March 2006
Unconventional Heavy Oils
November 2005
Formaldehyde and Derivatives
January 2006
Epoxy Resins
December 2005
Phenol/MEK Co-Product Process
February 2006
January 2007
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
04/05S5
04/05S6
04/05S7
04/05S8
®
00235.040.20
2006/2007 Program
Page 22
APPENDIX E.
PERP Program Listings
2003/2004 PERP PROGRAM
PETROCHEMICAL UPDATES
03/04-1
03/04-2
03/04-3
03/04-4
03/04-5
03/04-6
03/04-7
03/04-8
Publication Date
LLDPE
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Adipic Acid
Methanol
Hydrogen Peroxide
VCM/EDC
Maleic Anhydride
Styrene/Ethylbenzene
January 2005
March 2004
November 2004
December 2004
October 2004
December 2004
February 2005
November 2004
SPECIAL REPORTS
03/04S1
03/04S2
03/04S3
03/04S4
03/04S5
03/04S6
03/04S7
03/04S8
03/04S9
03/04S10
03/04S11
03/04S12
®
January 2007
00235.040.20
Acetic Anhydride/Cellulose Acetate
Ethylene via Catalytic Ethane Partial Oxidation
Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP)
Developments in Syngas Technology
Polyether Polyols
Medium Quality Terephthalic Acid
Propylene Refineries
PET Fiber Spinning Technology
Specialty LDPE Copolymers
Advances in LNG Technologies
Coal Gasification Technologies
Amorphous High Temperature ETPs
June 2004
July 2004
April 2004
February 2005
October 2004
October 2004
January 2005
August 2004
December 2004
October 2004
January 2005
December 2004
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 23
APPENDIX E.
PERP Program Listings
2002/2003 PERP PROGRAM
PETROCHEMICAL UPDATES
02/03-1
02/03-2
02/03-3
02/03-4
02/03-5
02/03-6
02/03-7
02/03-8
Acetic Acid
Nitrobenzene/Aniline
Polypropylene
Alpha Olefins
Benzene/Toluene
Polyethylene Terephthalate
1,4-Butanediol/THF
Propylene Oxide
Publication Date
September 2003
June 2003
Aug 2003
Jan 2004
April 2003
September 2003
January 2004
November 2003
SPECIAL REPORTS
02/03S1
02/03S2
02/03S3
02/03S4
02/03S5
02/03S6
02/03S7
02/03S8
02/03S9
02/03S10
02/03S11
02/03S12
®
January 2007
00235.040.20
Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Butadiene Rubber
(SBR/BR)
December 2003
Biodiesel
December 2003
Modified Polyphenylene Oxide (MPPO)
March 2003
Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS)
April 2003
Fuel Cells for Transportation
December 2003
Stationary Fuel Cells
November 2003
Thermoplastic Polyurethanes (TPUs)
May 2003
Developments in Non-Phosgene Polycarbonate
Technology
October 2003
Thermoplastic Copolyester and Copolyamide
Elastomers
October 2003
Curtailing Coke Formation in Ethylene Furnace Tubes
June 2003
Refinery of the Future as Shaped by Environmental
Regulations
December 2003
Barrier Monomers for PET
December 2003
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 24
APPENDIX E.
PERP Program Listings
2001/2002 PERP PROGRAM
PETROCHEMICAL UPDATES
01/02-1
01/02-2
01/02-3
01/02-4
01/02-5
01/02-6
01/02-7
01/02-8
HDPE
Phenol/Acetone/Cumene
Butadiene/Butylenes
Terephthalic Acid
Polycarbonates
Bisphenol A
Xylenes
Oxo Alcohols
Publication Date
December 2002
October 2002
February 2003
December 2002
July 2002
September 2002
May 2002
April 2003
SPECIAL REPORTS
01/02S1
01/02S2
01/02S3
01/02S4
01/02S5
01/02S6
01/02S7
01/02S8
01/02S9
01/02S10
01/02S11
01/02S12
®
January 2007
00235.040.20
Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO) and Vulcanizate (TPV)
Elastomers
July 2002
Ethanolamines
August 2002
High Temperature Thermoplastic Nylons
June 2002
Chlor Alkali
March 2003
Polyvinyl Alcohol
November 2002
Glycol Ethers
August 2002
Polytrimethylene Terephthalate (PTT)
October 2002
Linear Alkylbenzene (LAB)
May 2003
Fischer-Tropsch Liquids as Steam Cracker
Feedstocks
December 2002
Acrylamide
November 2002
PTMEG/Spandex
December 2002
Polyacetal
October 2002
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 25
APPENDIX E.
PERP Program Listings
2000/2001 PERP PROGRAM
PETROCHEMICAL UPDATES
00/01-1
00/01-2
00/01-3
00/01-4
00/01-5
00/01-6
00/01-7
00/01-8
Publication Date
Polystyrene/ABS
Ethylene Oxide/Ethylene Glycol
Vinyl Acetate
Ethylene/Propylene
LDPE
Acrylonitrile
Acrylic Acid
Formaldehyde
June 2001
November 2001
February 2002
June 2001
April 2001
March 2002
May 2001
April 2001
SPECIAL REPORTS
00/01S1
00/01S2
00/01S3
00/01S4
00/01S5
00/01S6
00/01S7
00/01S8
00/01S9
00/01S10
00/01S11
00/01S12
®
January 2007
00235.040.20
Plastic Beer Bottles
Impact of MTBE Phaseout on Chemical Markets
Biotech Route to Lactic Acid/Polylactic Acid
Glycerin
Silicones
Plants as Plants
Developments in PTA Production Technologies
Novel Desulfurization Technologies
Methanol to Olefins
Liquid Crystal Polymers
Thermoplastic Nanocomposites
Developments in Propylene Oxide Technology
April 2002
June 2001
May 2002
November 2001
May 2002
December 2002
February 2002
October 2002
January 2001
September 2001
September 2001
November 2001
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 26
PERP Program 10-year Title Index,
1996/1997 - 2005/2006
APPENDIX F.
This index is intended to be a handy and convenient tool for quickly identifying PERP reports of interest. It should be
noted, however, that this is a title index only. For a more complete search, dating back to 1972, the full subject indices
should be used. See your local technical information service department for the PERP subject indices or contact Nexant.
To browse all Nexant ChemSystems reports, please visit: www.chemsystems.com
Title
Acetic Acid
Acetic Acid
Acetic Acid/Acetic Anhydride
Acetic Acid via Ethane Oxidation
Acetic Anhydride/Cellulose Acetate
Acetone/Phenol/Cumene
Acetone/Phenol/Cumene
Acetone/Phenol/Cumene
Acrylamide
Acrylic Acid
Acrylic Acid
Acrylic Acid/Acrylates
Acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile
Acrylonitrile
Adipic Acid
Adipic Acid
Advances in LNG Technologies
Aliphatic Diisocyanates
Alkylbenzene, Linear (LAB)
Alkyl Vinyl Ethers
Alpha Olefins, Developments in Production
Technology
Alpha Olefins
Alpha Olefins
Alpha Olefins
Alternative Uses for MTBE Facilities
Ammonia
Ammonia as a Hydrogen Carrier
Amorphous High Temperature ETPs
Aniline/Nitrobenzene
Aromatics from Light Olefins
Aromatics Production, Optimizing
Ascorbic Acid and Sorbitol
Barrier Monomers for PET
Benzene, Styrene from Ethane and
Benzene/Toluene
Benzene/Toluene
Benzene/Toluene
Biodesulfurization of Petroleum Fractions
Biodiesel
Biogasoline
®
Report
06/07/2001
02/03/2001
97/98-1
99/00S5
03/04S1
05/06/2004
01/02/2002
96/97-2
01/02S10
04/05/2006
00/01-7
96/97-8
05/06/2002
00/01-6
96/97-7
03/04/2003
98/99-3
03/04S10
98/99S11
01/02S8
97/98S6
Date
*
09-Mar
Jan-99
01-Jan
06-Apr
*
10-Feb
Dec-97
11-Feb
02-Jun
05-Jan
Nov-97
*
03-Feb
Dec-97
11-Apr
Jul-99
10-Apr
Sep-99
05-Mar
Jul-98
97/98S14
06/07/2005
02/03/2004
98/99-7
99/00-7
97/98-6
05/06S5
03/04S12
02/03/2002
97/98S1
05/06S6
97/98S11
02/03S12
05/06S3
06/07/2006
02/03/2005
98/99-6
98/99S7
02/03S2
05/06S1
Jan-99
*
01-Apr
Dec-99
03-Jan
Aug-98
*
12-Apr
06-Mar
Apr-99
*
Mar-99
12-Mar
*
*
04-Mar
May-99
01/00
12-Mar
*
January 2007
00235.040.20
Title
Bioprocessing Technologies, Developments
in Alternative Routes to Specialty Chemicals
Biotech Route to Lactic Acid/Polylactic Acid
Biotransformation Routes to 1,3-Propanediol
Bisphenol A
Bisphenol A
Bisphenol A
Butadiene/Butylenes
Butadiene/Butylenes
Butadiene/Butylenes
Butadiene, Chemicals from
Butadiene, Oxo Alcohols from
Butadiene Rubber/Styrene Butadiene
Rubber (SBR/BR)
Butanediol/THF
Butanediol, 1,4-/THF
Butanediol/THF
Butyl Acetate/Ethyl Acetate
Butylenes/Butadiene
Butylenes/Butadiene
Caprolactam
Caprolactam
Caprolactam from Adiponitrile
Carbon Monoxide Production and
Purification Technologies
Catalytic Ethane Dehydrogenation,
Ethylene via
Catalytic Naphtha Cracking, Ethylene via
Cellulose Acetate/Acetic Anhydride
Chemicals from Butadiene
Chlor Alkali
Chlorine Recovery via HCl Recycle
Technologies
Coal Gasification Technologies
Compounding, Polypropylene
Copolyester and Copolyamide Elastomers,
Thermoplastic
Cost/Performance of Fuel Oxygenates
Crystalline High Temperature Polymers
Cumene/Phenol/Acetone
Cumene/Phenol/Acetone
Cumene/Phenol/Acetone
Report
Date
96/97S1
00/01S3
97/98S4
06/07/2007
01/02/2006
97/98-4
05/06/2005
01/02/2003
97/98-2
99/00S13
98/99S13
May-97
05-Feb
Sep-98
*
09-Feb
May-98
*
02-Mar
Jun-98
01-Jan
01/00
02/03S1
06/07/2004
02/03/2007
98/99S1
97/98S5
01/02/2003
97/98-2
04/05/2003
99/00-4
96/97S8
12-Mar
*
01-Apr
Sep-99
Aug-98
02-Mar
Jun-98
02-Jun
03-Jan
Mar-97
96/97S10
Apr-98
98/99S9
96/97S12
03/04S1
99/00S13
01/02S4
Apr-99
Sep-97
06-Apr
01-Jan
03-Mar
96/97S6
03/04S11
04/05S6
Apr-98
01-May
12-May
02/03S9
99/00S3
04/05S3
05/06/2004
01/02/2002
96/97-2
10-Mar
09/00
02-Jun
*
10-Feb
Dec-97
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 27
APPENDIX F.
PERP Program 10-year Title Index, 1996/1997 – 2005/2006
Title
Curtailing Coke Formation in Ethylene
Furnace Tubes
Desulfurization Technologies, Novel
Detergent Alcohols
Developments in Alpha Olefin Production
Technology
Developments in Bioprocessing Technologies:
Alternative Routes to Specialty Chemicals
Developments in Dimethyl Carbonate
Production Technology
Developments in Methanol Production
Technology
Developments in Natural Gas to Liquid
Fuels Conversion Technologies
Developments in Non-Phosgene
Polycarbonate Technology
Developments in para-Xylene Technology
Developments in PET Recycling
Developments in Propylene Oxide
Technology
Developments in PTA Production
Technologies
Developments in Syngas Technology
Developments in Thermoplastic Elastomers
Dicyclopentadiene and Derivatives
Dimethyl Carbonate Production
Technology: Developments in
Dimethyl Ether (DME)
Dimethylnaphthalene, (2,6-)
EDC/VCM
EDC/VCM
EPDM
Epichlorohydrin
Epichlorohydrin, Glycerine to
Epoxy Resins
Elastomers, Polyolefin
Ethane Dehydrogenation, Ethylene
via Catalytic
Ethane Oxidation, Acetic Acid via
Ethane Partial Oxidation, Ethylene via
Catalytic
Ethane and Benzene, Styrene from
Ethanol
Ethanol
Ethanolamines
Ethyl Acetate/Butyl Acetate
Ethylbenzene/Styrene
Ethylbenzene/Styrene
Ethylene Oxide/Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene Oxide/Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene Oxide/Ethylene Glycol
Ethylene
Ethylene, Propylene
®
Report
Date
02/03S10
00/01S8
98/99S5
06-Mar
10-Feb
01-Feb
97/98S14
Jan-99
96/97S1
May-97
99/00S6
05/00
96/97S14
Aug-98
96/97S13
Feb-98
02/03S8
96/97S7
99/00S4
10-Mar
Jul-97
07/00
00/01S12
11-Jan
00/01S7
03/04S4
98/99S12
97/98S7
02-Feb
02-May
Nov-99
Aug-98
99/00S6
97/98S8
99/00S7
03/04/2006
99/00-3
04/05S2
99/00S11
05/06S4
04/05S11
05/06S7
05/00
Mar-99
06/00
12-Apr
04/00
05-May
07/00
*
12-May
*
98/99S9
99/00S5
Apr-99
01-Jan
03/04S2
05/06S3
04/05/2008
99/00-8
01/02S2
97/98S5
03/04/2008
99/00-6
04/05/2005
00/01-2
96/97-4
04/05/2007
00/01-4
07-Apr
*
01-Jun
08-Jan
08-Feb
Aug-98
11-Apr
08/00
01-Jun
11-Jan
Aug-97
09-May
06-Jan
January 2007
00235.040.20
Title
Ethylene, Propylene
Ethylene via Catalytic Ethane
Dehydrogenation
Ethylene via Catalytic Naphtha Cracking
Ethylene via Catalytic Ethane Partial
Oxidation
Extending the Methane Value Chain
Fiber Spinning Technology, Nylon
Fiber Spinning Technology, PET
Fiber Spinning Technology, PET
Fischer-Tropsch Liquids as Steam Cracker
Feedstocks
Fluidized Bed Vinyl Acetate Process
Formaldehyde
Formaldehyde and Derivatives
Fuel Cells for Transportation
Fuel Oxygenates, Cost/Performance of
Fuel Switching with NGLs/Small Scale LNG
Gasification Technologies, Coal
Gas Processing and NGL Extraction: Natural
Gas Conditioning
Glycerin
Glycerine to Epichlorohydrin
Glycol Ethers
HCl Recycle Technologies, Chlorine
Recovery via
Heavy Oils, Unconventional
HDPE
High Density Polyethylene
High Density Polyethylene
High Temperature ETPs, Amorphous
High Temperature Polymers, Crystalline
High Temperature Thermoplastic Nylons
Hydrocarbon Resins
Hydrogen Carrier, Ammonia as a
Hydrogen Peroxide
Hydrogen Peroxide
Impact of Supply Chain IT Applications on
The Refining Industry
Iron and Cobalt Based Olefin Polymerization
Catalysts
Isoprene
Lactic Acid/Polylactic Acid, Biotech Route to
LDPE
LDPE
LDPE Copolymers, Specialty
Light Olefins, Aromatics from
Linearalkylbenzene (LAB)
Liquefied Natural Gas
Liquid Crystal Polymers
LLDPE
LLDPE
LNG Regasification
Report
96/97-6
Date
Mar-97
98/99S9
96/97S12
Apr-99
Sep-97
03/04S2
99/00S9
04/05S5
03/04S8
97/98S13
07-Apr
10/00
12-May
08-Apr
02/00
01/02S9
98/99S3
00/01-8
04/05S10
02/03S5
99/00S3
12-Feb
02/00
04-Jan
01-Jun
12-Mar
09/00
03/04S11
01-May
04/05S8
00/01S4
05/06S4
01/02S6
03-Jun
11-Jan
*
08-Feb
96/97S6
04/05S9
05/06/2003
01/02/2001
96/97-3
03/04S12
04/05S3
01/02S3
99/00S10
05/06S5
03/04/2005
98/99-8
Apr-98
11-May
*
12-Feb
Apr-98
12-Apr
02-Jun
06-Feb
03-Jan
*
10-Apr
Sep-99
04/05S4
04-Jun
97/98S9
98/99S2
00/01S3
04/05/2001
00/01-5
03/04S9
97/98S1
01/02S8
96/97S2
00/01S10
03/04/2001
99/00-1
05/06S12
Sep-99
Sep-99
05-Feb
06-May
04-Jan
12-Apr
Apr-99
05-Mar
Nov-97
09-Jan
01-May
06/00
*
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 28
APPENDIX F.
PERP Program 10-year Title Index, 1996/1997 – 2005/2006
Title
LNG Technologies, Advances in
Maleic Anhydride
Maleic Anhydride
Managing Technology Development in
the Chemical Industry
MDI/TDI
Medium Quality Terephthalic Acid
MEK/Phenol Co-Product Process
Methane Value Chain, Extending the
Methanol
Methanol
Methanol Production Technology,
Developments in
Methanol to Olefins
Methyl Methacrylate
Methyl Methacrylate
Modified Polyphenylene Oxide (MPPO)
MTBE Facilities, Alternative Uses of
MTBE Phaseout on Chemical Markets,
Impact of
Nanocomposites, Thermoplastic
Naphthalene and Derivatives
Natural Gas to Liquid Fuels Conversion
Technologies, Developments in
NGL Extraction and Gas Processing:
Natural Gas Conditioning:
NGLs/Small Scale LNG, Fuel Switching with
Nickel and Palladium Olefin Polymerization
Catalysts
Nitric Acid
Nitrobenzene/Aniline
Non-Phosgene Polycarbonate Technology,
Developments in
Novel Desulfurization Technologies
Nylon 6/Nylon 6,6
Nylon Fiber Spinning Technology
Nylons, High Temperature Thermoplastic
Octene-1
Olefin Polymerization Catalysts, Iron and
Cobalt Based
Olefins, Methanol to
Oleochemicals
On-Purpose N2O Production for Phenol
Manufacture
Optimizing Aromatics Production
Options for Refinery C5's
Oxo Alcohols
Oxo Alcohols
Oxo-Alcohols
Oxo Alcohols from Butadiene
para-Xylene Technology, Developments in
®
Report
03/04S10
03/04/2007
99/00-5
Date
10-Apr
02-May
06/00
97/98S2
98/99S8
03/04S6
04/05S12
99/00S9
03/04/2004
98/99-4
Jun-99
Sep-99
10-Apr
02-Jun
10/00
12-Apr
05/00
96/97S14
00/01S9
04/05/2002
99/00-2
02/03S3
99/00-7
Aug-98
01-Feb
03-Jun
09-Jan
03-Mar
03-Jan
00/01S2
00/01S11
96/97S9
06-Jan
09-Jan
Mar-98
96/97S13
Feb-98
04/05S8
04/05S1
03-Jun
08-May
96/97S11
97/98S12
02/03/2002
Sep-98
Oct-98
06-Mar
02/03S8
00/01S8
99/00S1
04/05S5
01/02S3
05/06S10
10-Mar
10-Feb
04/00
12-May
06-Feb
*
97/98S9
00/01S9
99/00S12
Sep-99
01-Feb
05-Jan
98/99S14
05/06S6
98/99S4
06/07/2008
01/02/2008
96/97S3
98/99S13
96/97S7
Sep-99
*
Sep-99
*
04-Mar
Feb-98
01/00
Jul-97
January 2007
00235.040.20
Title
PET Fiber Spinning Technology
PET Fiber Spinning Technology
PET Manufacture, Reducing Costs in
PET Recycling, Developments in
Petroleum Coke Utilization Options
Phenol/Acetone/Cumene
Phenol/Acetone/Cumene
Phenol/Acetone/Cumene
Phenol Manufacture, On-Purpose N2O
Production for
Phenol/MEK Co-Product Process
Plants as Plants
Plastic Beer Bottles
Plasticizers, Trends in
Polyacetal
Polyaramids
Polyaspartic Acid
Polybutylene Terephthalate
Polycarbonate
Polycarbonates
Polycarbonates
Polyether Polyols
Polyethylene, High Density
Polyethylene Terephthalate
Polyethylene Terephthalate
Polylactic Acid/Lactic Acid, Biotech Route to
Polymers, Super Absorbent (SAP)
Polymer Compounding
Polyolefin Elastomers
Polyphenylene Oxide, Modified (MPPO)
Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS)
Polypropylene
Polypropylene
Polypropylene
Polypropylene Compounding
Polystyrene
Polystyrene
Polystyrene/ABS
Polytrimethylene Terephthalate (PTT)
Polyurethanes, Thermoplastic (TPUs)
Polyvinyl Alcohol
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)
Polyvinyl Chloride
Propanediol, (1,3-), Biotransformation
Routes to
Propionic Acid
Propylene
Propylene, Ethylene
Propylene, Ethylene
Propylene Oxide
Propylene Oxide
Report
03/04S8
97/98S13
04/05S7
99/00S4
97/98S10
05/06/2004
01/02/2002
96/97-2
Date
08-Apr
02/00
07-May
07/00
Mar-99
*
10-Feb
Dec-97
98/99S14
04/05S12
00/01S6
00/01S1
05/06S8
01/02S12
05/06S9
96/97S4
98/99S6
05/06/2007
01/02/2005
97/98-8
03/04S5
96/97-3
02/03/2006
98/99-5
00/01S3
03/04S3
99/00S2
05/06S7
02/03S3
02/03S4
06/07/2002
02/03/2003
98/99-1
04/05S6
04/05/2004
96/97-1
00/01-1
01/02S7
02/03S7
01/02S5
03/04/2002
98/99-2
Oct-99
02-Jun
12-Feb
04-Feb
*
10-Feb
*
Apr-98
Jul-99
*
07-Feb
Oct-98
10-Apr
Apr-98
09-Mar
01/00
10-Feb
04-Apr
04/00
*
03-Mar
04-Mar
*
08-Mar
01/00
12-May
02-Jun
May-97
06-Jan
10-Feb
05-Mar
11-Feb
03-Apr
Apr-99
97/98S4
98/99S10
06/07/2003
00/01-4
96/97-6
02/03/2008
97/98-7
Sep-98
Jun-99
*
06-Jan
Mar-97
11-Mar
Dec-98
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 29
APPENDIX F.
PERP Program 10-year Title Index, 1996/1997 – 2005/2006
Title
Report
Propylene Oxide Technology, Developments
in
00/01S12
Propylene Refineries
03/04S7
Propylene, Routes to
97/98S3
PTA Production Technologies, Developments
in
00/01S7
PTMEG/Spandex
01/02S11
Pyromellitic Dianhydride/Trimellitic
Anhydride
99/00S8
Reducing Costs in PET Manufacture
04/05S7
Refineries, Propylene
03/04S7
Refinery of the Future as Shaped by
Environmental Issues
02/03S11
Refining Industry, Impact of Supply
Chain IT Applications on
04/05S4
Renewables to Solvents
04/05S11
Regasification, LNG
05/06S12
Routes to Propylene
97/98S3
Silicones
00/01S5
Solvents, Renewables to
05/06S11
Sorbitol and Ascorbic Acid
97/98S11
Spandex/PTMEG
01/02S11
Specialty Chemicals, Alternative Routes to:
Developments in Bioprocessing Technologies
96/97S1
Specialty LDPE Copolymers
03/04S9
Stationary Fuel Cells
02/03S6
Steam Cracker Feedstocks, Fischer-Tropsch
Liquids as
01/02S9
Styrene Butadiene Rubber/Butadiene
Rubber (SBR/BR)
02/03S1
Styrene/Ethylbenzene
03/04/2008
Styrene/Ethylbenzene
99/00-6
Styrene from Ethane and Benzene
05/06S3
Sulfide, Polyphenylene (PPS)
02/03S4
Super Absorbent Polymers (SAP)
03/04S3
Supply Chain IT Applications on the
Refining Industry, Impact of
04/05S4
®
January 2007
00235.040.20
Date
11-Jan
01-May
02/00
02-Feb
12-Feb
07/00
07-May
01-May
12-Mar
04-Jun
*
*
02/00
05-Feb
*
Mar-99
12-Feb
May-97
12-Apr
11-Mar
12-Feb
12-Mar
11-Apr
08/00
*
04-Mar
04-Apr
Title
Syngas Technology, Developments in
TDI/MDI
Technology Management, Managing, in the
Chemical Industry
Terephthalic Acid
Terephthalic Acid
Terephthalic Acid
Terephthalic Acid, Medium Quality
Thermoplastic Copolyester and Copolyamide
Elastomers
Thermoplastic Elastomers, Developments in
Thermoplastic Nanocomposites
Thermoplastic Polyolefin (TPO) and
Vulcanizate (TPV) Elastomers
Thermoplastic Polyurethanes (TPUs)
Titanium Dioxide
Toluene/Benzene
Toluene/Benzene
Toluene/Benzene
Trends in Plasticizers
Trimellitic Anhydride/Pyromellitic Dianhydride
Unconventional Heavy Oils
Urea
Utilization Options, Petroleum Coke
VCM/EDC
VCM/EDC
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Acetate Process, Fluidized Bed
Wood Composites
Xylenes
Xylenes
Xylenes
Report
03/04S4
98/99S8
Date
02-May
Sep-99
97/98S2
05/06/2006
01/02/2004
97/98-5
03/04S6
Jun-99
*
12-Feb
Feb-99
10-Apr
02/03S9
98/99S12
00/01S11
10-Mar
Nov-99
09-Jan
01/02S1
02/03S7
99/00S14
06/07/2006
02/03/2005
98/99-6
05/06S8
99/00S8
04/05S9
96/97S5
97/98S10
03/04/2006
99/00-3
05/06/2001
00/01-3
96/97-5
98/99S3
05/06S2
05/06/2008
01/02/2007
97/98-3
07-Feb
05-Mar
08/00
*
04-Mar
May-99
*
07/00
11-May
Sep-97
Mar-99
12-Apr
04/00
*
02-Feb
Jul-97
02/00
*
*
05-Feb
Jul-98
04-Jun
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 30
Partial List of Clients
APPENDIX G.
Our clients represent a range of companies in the international energy, chemical, plastics and process industries. Although
we work primarily with manufacturers, marketers and end users, our expertise frequently is called upon by aligned
businesses and organizations, such as utilities, financial institutions, engineering service firms, trade associations and
national/regional governmental entities. Representative clients include:
Acetex
Air Products and Chemicals
AKZO Nobel
Albemarle
Aramco
Argonne National Laboratory
Aristech
Arkema
Asahi Chemical
Ashland Chemical
Atofina
Bahrain National Gas
Bangkok Bank
Bankers Trust
BASF
Bayer
BOC Group
BP
Caltex
Campanhia Petroquimica Camacari
(CPC)
Cargill
CEFIC
Celanese
Chevron Phillips Chemicals
Chiyoda
Ciquine Cia Petroquimica (CCP)
Citibank
Conoco
Copesul
Daicel
Degussa
Dow Chemical
DSM
DuPont
Dyno Industries
Eastman Chemical
Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI)
ENAP
Engelhard
EniChem
Enron
ExxonMobil
®
January 2007
00235.040.20
Fluor Daniel
FMC
Foster Wheeler
General Electric
Georgia Gulf
BFGoodrich
Grupo Ultra
Henkel
Hercules
Huntsman Chemical
Hyundai Petrochemical
ICI
Idemitsu Petrochemical
Indian Petrochemical Company Ltd.
(IPCL)
INEOS
Institut Francais du Petrole
ISP
C. Itoh
Japan Synthetic Rubber
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Johnson Matthey
Kaneka
Kellogg, Brown & Root
Kemira Oy
Korea Steel Chemical (KOSCO)
Kosco/Daewoo
Kuwait Petroleum
Lagoven
Lanxess
Louisiana Power and Light
Lyondell Petrochemical
Maruzen
Makhteshim
Metropolitan Capital
Millennium
Mitsubishi Chemical
Mitsubishi Corporation
Mitsui Chemical
Monsanto
Morgan Guaranty Trust
National Energy Administration (Sweden)
Neste Chemicals
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 31
APPENDIX G.
Partial List of Clients
New England Electric Company
New York Power Authority
New York State Energy Research & Development
Authority
Nippon Petrochemical
Nippon Shokubai
Nippon Steel Chemicals
NL Chemicals
NOVA
Olin
OMV
Orkem
Pacific Gas & Electric (PG&E)
Paine Webber
PDVSA
Pequiven
Petrobras
Petrochina
Petrofina
Petroleos Mexicanos (PEMEX)
Petroleum Association of Japan
Petroleum Authority of Thailand
Petroleum Energy Center (PEC)
Petroquimica Argentina (PASA)
Phillips Petroleum
Polimeri Europa
Price Waterhouse
Reliance
Repsol
Rhodia
RTZ
Ruhr Oil
SABIC
Saga Petroleum
Sasol
Shell Chemical
Sinopec
Society of Plastics Industry (SPI)
Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI)
Solutia
Solvay
Southern California Edison
Sterling
Stone and Webster
Sumitomo
Sunkyong Industries
Symyx
Teijin
Tessenderlo Chemie
Texaco
Tokyo Electric Power
Tonen
Tosoh
Trinidad and Tobago Oil (TRINTOC)
Ube
UCB
UOP
U.S. Department of Energy
Washington Group
Nexant, Inc. appears on the register of consultants of the following international lending organizations, and has conducted
projects in conjunction with many of them.
■
The World Bank (IRBD, IFC and associated funds)
■
Inter-American Development Bank (IDB)
■
Asian Development Bank
■
African Development Bank
■
European Development Bank
■
Kuwait Fund
■
United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO)
■
Industrial Development Centre for Arab Studies (IDCAS)
■
British Ministry of Overseas Development (ODM)
■
USAID.
®
January 2007
00235.040.20
Process Evaluation/Research Planning
2006/2007 Program
Page 32
ChemSystems Programs
ChemSystems Online
Providing online databases and tools for analysis and
forecasts of the markets and economics of the
petroleum and petrochemical industry.
Petroleum & Petrochemical Economics (PPE)
Providing regular analysis and forecast reports on the
profitability, competitive position, and supply/demand
trends of the global industry.
ChemSystems Simulator
Providing a state-of-the-art simulation model for the
entire global petroleum and petrochemical market –
including technology, costs, supply/demand,
and profitability.
Process Evaluation/ Research Planning (PERP)
Providing analysis and economic models of the
existing and developing process technology used
by the industry.
ChemSystems Training
Providing in-house and public training courses on
the industry, its chemistry and on the planning and
analysis methodologies.
PolyOlefins Planning Service (POPS)
Providing detailed market and technology
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ChemSystems Conferences
Providing access to ‘must-attend’ events.
Special Reports
Providing reports on topical issues
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