TABLE OF CONTENTS
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TABLE OF CONTENTS v Senior Editors Associate Editors vii-ix xi How to use the Encyclopedia Subject Classification xiii-xlv Contents list of all Volumes xlvii-xci Foreword xciii-xciv Preface xcv-xcvi VOLUME 1 Acetylcholinesterase 1 M-M Mesulam Acetylcholine Neurotransmission in CNS P Taylor, S Câmp, and Z Rădic Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors and Alzheimer's Disease H van den Bussche 5 H Kaduszkiewicz and Actin Cytoskeieton in Growth Cones, Nerve Terminals, and Dendritic Spines 6 Calabrese, and L Dehmelt Action Potenţial Initiation and Conduction in Axons Active Perception Active Zone S Halpain, J H Caldwell D H Ballard 23 31 P S Kaeser Activity in Visual Development 15 39 M B Feller and E S Ruthazer 47 K A Kasischke 53 Activity-Dependent Regulation of Glucose Transporters L F Barros 61 Activity-Dependent Remodeling of Presynaptic Boutons C H Bailey and E R Kandel 67 Activity-Dependent Metabolism in Glia and Neurons Addiction: Neurobiological Mechanism Adenosine G F Koob K A Jacobson and Z-G Gao 75 83 xlvii R W Greene Adenosine Receptor Mediated Functions 97 G Burnstock Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) 105 A Verkhratsky and O Khshtal Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) as a Neurotransmitter Adolescent Brain Development and the Risk of Psychiatric Disorders M Joăls and H Karst Adrenal Steroids: Biphasic Effects on Neurons Adrenergic Receptors J N Giedd 115 125 131 J P Hieble 135 U T Eysel 141 Adult Cortical Plasticity N G Simon and C F Ferris Aggression: Hormonal Basis 149 A Siegel, S Bhatt, and S Zalcman Aggression: Neurochemical and Molecular Mechanisms 159 Aging and Memory in Animals P R Rapp 167 Aging and Memory in Humans A M Brickman and Y Stern 175 Aging of the Brain A B Scheibel 1 81 D L Price, A VSavonenko, MAIbert, J C Troncoso, Aging of the Brain and Alzheimer's Disease andPCWong 187 E Golob, H Pratt, and A Starr Aging: Brain Potenţial Measures and Reaction Time Studies E Sykovâ Aging: Extracellular Space 203 M Artal-Sanz, K Troulinaki, and Aging: Invertebrate Models of Normal Brain Aging N Tavernarakis 211 D Tranel and N L Denburg Agnosia 219 R M Seyfarth and D L Cheney Agonistic and Affiliative Signals: Resolutions of Conflict S W Anderson, D Tranel, and N L Denburg Agraphia Alexia 231 D Tranel and N L Denburg 237 H J Jerison Allometric Analysis of Brain Size 239 J Y Wu and J A Potashkin Alternative Splicing in the Nervous System Aluminum S C Bondy P l Moreira, XZhu, MĂ Smith, and G Perry R Sherrington and P H St. George-Hyslop Alzheimer's Disease: Molecular Genetics Alzheimer's Disease: MRI Studies Alzheimer's Disease: Neurodegeneration P M Thompson and A W Toga N J Cairns Alzheimer's Disease: Transgenic Mouse Models AMPA Receptor Cell Biology/Trafficking Amphibian Peptides L R Squire, P J Bayley, and C N Smith P G R Hastie and J M Henley R C Carroll and R S Zukin AMPA Receptors: Molecular Biology and Pharmacology SFTraynelis R Kuczenski P Melchiorri and L Negri 259 265 269 275 K H Ashe Amnesia: Declarative and Nondeclarative Memory Amphetamines 245 253 Alzheimer's Disease: An Overview AMPA Receptors: Disease 223 227 C L Ehlers and J A Chester Alcoholism 197 283 289 295 303 S M Dravid, H Yuan, and 311 319 325 Table of Contents S Maren Amygdala: Contributions to Fear xlix 335 R Kelly and L Stefanacci Amygdala: Structure and Circuitry in Primates D Pare Amygdala: Structure and Circuitry in Rodents and Felines 341 347 Amyloid: Vascular and Parenchymal R O Weller, R O Cărare, and D Boche 355 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) J M Bhatt and H Mitsumoto 363 C Vande Velde and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Disease Mechanisms D W Cleveland L M Bird Angelman Syndrome 375 M J McKinley, A M Allen, and B J Oldfield Angiotensin Actions on and within Brain Angiotensin II M J McKinley and B J Oldfield 407 J Koenigsknecht-Talboo and D M Holtzman 415 M Moss 423 J Alberch, E Perez-Navarro, and J M Canals Animal Models of Huntington's Disease J Stone and J R Heckenlively Animal Models of Inherited Retinal Degenerations Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease 449 K E Soderstrom, G Baum, and J H Kordower 455 465 W T Fitch 473 J S Dasen Anterior-Posterior Spinal Cord Patterning of the Motor Pool Anxiety Disorders J P McEvoy 487 493 C K Haas, A Shekhar, and A W Goddard 499 A Reaux-Le Goazigo, X Iturrioz, and C Llorens-Cortes M-M Mesulam Aphasia: Sudden and Progressive Apoptosis in Neurodegenerative Disease Appetitive Systems: Amygdala and Striatum Artificial Intelligence K A Roth and J J Shacka J A Parkinson G Goldenberg J Feldman Astrocyte: Calcium Signaling Astrocyte: Identification Methods 531 539 553 561 J W Deitmer and A Araque A Scheller and F Kirchhoff Astrocyte: Neurotransmitter and Mormone Receptors H Kettenmann Astrocyte: Response to Injury 523 547 L J Buxbaum and H B Coslett Apraxia: Sensory System 509 517 B A Miller, J C Bresnahan, and M S Beattie Apoptosis in Nervous System Injury Apraxia: Disease 479 J J Benson-Martin, D J Stein, and E Hollander Anxiety: Drug Therapy Apelin 437 L C Hoyte and A M Buchan Animals and the Biology of Music Antipsychotic Drugs 429 P Bomont and D W Cleveland Animal Models of Motor and Sensory Neuron Disease Animal Models of Stroke 397 A A Wright Animal Intelligence: The Search for Animal Intelligence Animal Models of Alzheimer's Disease 381 389 S L Vehrencamp Animal Communication: Honesty and Deception Animal Models of Amnesia 369 C Steinhăuser and C J Feeney and P K Stys 565 573 579 587 Atomic Force Microscopy Methodologies R M Twyman Atrial Natriuretic Peptide: Fluid/Mineral Balance Attention and Eye Movements 595 W K Samson and M M White E Kowler Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder 599 605 L Tamm 617 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Methylphenidate (Ritalin) and Dopamine C J Vaidya and P S Lee 625 Attention: Models 633 P H E Tiesinga and T J Sejnowski Attentional Functions in Learning and Memory Attentional Mechanisms in Ventral Pathway Attentional Networks M Sarter and C Lustig L Chelazzi, C Della Libera, and E Santandrea N U F Dosenbach and S E Petersen Attentional Networks in the Parietal Cortex Attractor Network Models G H Palei, B J He, and M Corbetta J S Kanwal 681 S E Shore Auditory Cortex Structure and Circuitry 691 D Barbour 701 S A Shamma and J B Fritz Auditory Evoked Potentials Auditory Localization 709 J R Melcher 715 M Konishi Auditory Scene Analysis 721 A S Bregman 729 Auditory System: Central Pathway Plasticity Auditory System: Central Pathways D R F Irvine 737 J C Middlebrooks Auditory System: Efferent Systems to the Auditory Periphery 745 M C Brown Auditory System: Giant Synaptic Terminals, Endbulbs, and Calyces Auditory Systems in Insects Autism D K Ryugo and G A Spirou H C Hughes and S S Wang 753 759 771 G Dawson and M Murias Autoimmune Autonomie Neuropathy 661 667 Auditory/Somatosensory Interactions Auditory Cortex: Models 647 655 X-J Wang Audiovocal Communication in Bats 639 779 S Vernino and P A Low 785 Autonomie and Enteric Nervous System: Apoptosis and Trophic Support During Development R O Heuckeroth 791 Autonomie Disorders 799 E L Phillips and P D Donofrio Autonomie Dysfunction: Drug-lnduced A L Tonkin Autonomie Dysregulation During REM Sleep Autonomie Failure 809 S M Caples and V K Somers E M Garland and D Robertson Autonomie Nervous System 825 J B Furness Autonomie Nervous System Development 817 833 D F Newgreen, M J Howard, and R Nishi Autonomie Nervous System: Cardiovascular Control JAArmour Autonomie Nervous System: Carotid Body and Chemoception Autonomie Nervous System: Central Cardiovascular Control D Mendelowitz CA Nurse and VA Campanucci 837 849 855 M C Andresen and 863 W Jănig Autonomie Nervous System: Central Control of the Gastrointestinal Tract A V Gourine and K M Spyer Autonomie Nervous System: Central Respiratory Control C J Gordon Autonomie Nervous System: Central Thermoregulatory Control W C de Groat Autonomie Nervous System: Central Urogenital Control 929 N R Keller and D Robertson Autonomie Nervous System: General Overview N E Straznicky, P J Nestel, and M D Esler Autonomie Nervous System: Metabolic Function G Gabella Autonomie Nervous System: Neuroanatomy 891 911 J C Bornstein Autonomie Nervous System: Gastrointestinal Control 883 899 C J Mathias Autonomie Nervous System: Clinical Testing 871 941 951 961 Autonomie Nervous System: Ophthalmic Control J Pintor 967 Autonomie Nervous System: Respiratory Control B J Undem 975 Autonomie Nervous System: Urogenital Control W C de Groat 983 G Burnstock Autonomie Neuroeffector Junction 993 H P M van der Kleij, P Forsythe, and J Bienenstock Autonomie Neuroimmunology T Cowen Autonomie Neuroplasticity and Aging Autonomie Neuroplasticity and Regeneration 1009 P J Kingham and G Terenghi P G Smith Autonomie Neuroplasticity: Development Aversive Emotions: Genetic Mechanisms of Serotonin 1031 S E Ahmari, M D Alter, and R Hen J B Rosen Aversive Emotions: Molecular Basis of Unconditioned Fear 1055 A Faissner Axon Guidance by Glia 1063 Axon Guidance: Building Pathways with Molecular Cues in Vertebrate Sensory Systems F Wang Axon Guidance: Guidance Cues and Guidepost Cells Axonal and Dendritic Identity and Structure: Control of F Calderon de Anda J 6 Thomas and 1087 1093 L S B Goldstein G A Criste, G J Kidd, and B D Trapp G Raivich Axonal mRNA Transport and Functions Axonal Pathfinding 1081 C G Dotti, A Gărtner, and Axonal and Dendritic Transport by Dyneins and Kinesins in Neurons Axonal Injury in Demyelinating Disease and CNS Injury 1073 L Mă and K Shen Axon Guidance: Morphogens as Chemoattractants and Chemorepellants SYoshikawa Axonal Injury: Neuronal Responses Axonal Pathfinding: Extracellular Matrix Role F P G van Horck and C E Hoit 1109 1123 1133 P Letourneau Axonal Pathfinding: Guidance Activities of Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) M Tessier-La vig ne 1101 1117 D Mortimer and G J Goodhill Axonal Pathfinding: Netrins 1039 1047 G Rees Awareness: Funcţional Imaging 1017 1023 P G H Clarke Autophagy and Neuronal Death 1003 1139 F Charron and S W Moore, T E Kennedy, and M Tessier-Lavigne 1147 1155 Table of Contents M Băhrand P Lingor Axonal Regeneration: Role of Growth and Guidance Cues Axonal Regeneration: Role of the Extracellular Matrix and the Glial Scar S A Busch, and A L Yonkof ELF Axonal Transport and ALS J Silver, K P Horn, 1173 Holzbaur 1181 L S B Goldstein Axonal Transport and Alzheimer's Disease 1189 F Saudou and S Humbert Axonal Transport and Huntington's Disease Axonal Transport and Neurodegenerative Diseases 1195 S Roy, V M-Y Lee, and J Q Trojanowski P N Hoffman, P C Wong, J W Griffin, and D L Price Axonal Transport Disorders L G Bilsland and G Schiavo Axonal Transport Tracers 1163 1199 1205 1209 VOLUME 2 B W M Landau Babinski's Reflex/Sign 1 BAC Transgenesis: Cell-Type Specific Expression in the Nervous System X W Yang BAC Use in the Study of the CNS 21 S M Slobounov and K M Newell Balance and Posture Control: Human 37 C C H Petersen 41 L C P Botly, M G Baxter, and E De Roşa Basal Forebrain and Memory O Hikosaka Basal Ganglia and Oculomotor Control Basal Ganglia: Acetylcholine Interactions and Behavior J A Goldberg, and G Morris A Adler, M Joshoua, H Bergman, MĂ Kliem and T Wichmann A M Graybiel Basal Ganglia: Motor Functions 105 A Nambu 111 R P N Rao Bayesian Models of Motor Control BDNF in Synaptic Plasticity and Memory 119 M Berniker and K Kording N H Woo and B Lu R Gillette Behavioral Hierarchies J J Halperin A Verkhratsky and A Reichenbach K Hakuta 97 M E Anderson Basal Ganglia: Physiological Circuits Bayesian Cortical Models 87 93 J P Bolam, M T C Brown, J Moss, and P J Magill Basal Ganglia: Internai Organization Bilingualism 63 67 Basal Ganglia: Funcţional Models of Normal and Disease States Basal Ganglia: Habit 47 53 L Medina Basal Ganglia: Evolution Bergmann Glial Cells 31 N L Denburg and D Tranel Barrel Cortex Circuits Bell's Palsy 3 13 L M Nashner Balance and Posture Control Balint Syndrome C Lai 127 135 145 155 161 173 Table of Contents R Blake and R P O'Shea Binocular Rivalry 179 Y Yekutieli, T Flash, and B Hochner Biomechanics: Hydroskeletal 189 M P DelBello, C M Adler, M A Cerullo, D E Fleck, and S M Strakowski Bipolar Disorder E D Jarvis Bird Brain: Evolution 209 E D Jarvis Bird Song Systems: Evolution 217 / R Fiete and H S Seung Birdsong Learning 227 G F Ba// Birdsong Learning: Evolutionary, Behavioral, and Hormonal Issues Birdsong: The Neurobiology of Avian Vocal Learning 241 R Mooney 247 R L Tomsak Blindsight: Residual Vision 253 A F Sved Blood Pressure: Baroreceptors 259 Blood-Brain Barrier and Neurovascular Mechanisms of Neurodegeneration and Injury B VZIokovic 265 C M Mizutani and E Bier Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) Signaling in the Neuroectoderm H W Koenigsberg and L J Siever Borderline Personality Disorder 283 289 A F Sved and J P Cârd 295 A W Toga, K L Narr, P M Thompson, and E Luders Brain Asymmetry: Evolution 303 V Prakash Reddy, G Perry, and M A Smith Brain Composition: Age-Related Changes A Schuz and F Sultan Brain Connectivity and Brain Size Brain Damage: Funcţional Reorganization 317 327 S Herculano-Houzel 333 Brain Evolution: Developmental Constraints and Relative Developmental Growth B L Finlay D Falk Brain Evolution: The Radiator Theory 353 Brain Glucose Metabolism: Age, Alzheimer's Disease, and ApoE Allele Effects MTR De Cristofaro, B Nacmias, S Sorbi, and L Mosconi D G Stein Brain Injury: Magnetic Resonance Studies of Metabolic Aspects R A Barton Brain Modules: Mosaic Evolution 337 347 R L Holloway Brain Injury: Funcţional Recovery After 313 J Grafman, R Zahn, and E Wassermann Brain Development: The Generation of Large Brains Brain Fossils: Endocasts 273 T Lang and R Jahn Botulinum and Tetanus Toxins Brain Adrenergic Neurons 201 A Pupi, 363 375 R Vink 381 389 Brain Na,K-ATPase J-D Horisberger and K Geering 395 Brain Scaling Laws MĂ Changizi 401 Brain Trauma / F Dunn, A H Kim, and W B Gormley G Bartzokis and P H Lu Brain Volume: Age-Related Changes Brain-Computer Interface J R Wolpaw 407 417 429 Brains of Primitive Chordates J C Glover and B Fritzsch 439 Brainstem and Cranial Nerves C Matesz and G Szekely 449 E L Keller 457 Brainstem Control of Eye Movements liv Table of Contents J L Feldman, D R McCrimmon, G S Mitchell, and C A Del Negro Brainstem Respiratory Circuits W D Hopkins Broca's Area: Evolution Brodmann's Areas 463 471 E G Jones 477 C CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy) A Joutel S-H Lee and L F Reichardt Cadherins and Synapse Organization 489 J DeFelipe Cajal's Place in the History of Neuroscience 497 W Mă, J-G Chabot, and R Quirion Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) and Receptors M Baudry and X Bi Calcium and Signal Transduction N V Marrion R W Tsien Calcium Channel Subtypes Involved in Neurotransmitter Release 543 Z-H Sheng and A G M Leenders Calcium Channels and SNARE Proteins Calcium Waves in Glia 559 B Haas and H Kettenmann 567 M L Cotrina and M Nedergaard 575 M N Waxham Calcium-Calmodulin Kinase II (CaMKII) in Learning and Memory D Merfeld A F Sved 599 S Nishino 605 M C Beinfeld CCK/Gastrin and Receptors 613 L F Reichardt and S-H Lee Cell Adhesion Molecules at Synapses R G Giffard and Y-B Ouyang Cell Culture: Primary Neural Cells Cell Replacement Therapy: Parkinson's Disease P Brundin and A Bjorklund Cell-Cell Communication Through the Extracellular Space Cells: 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptors 639 S B Dunnett Cell Replacement Therapy: Mechanisms of Funcţional Recovery E J Mylecharane Central Gustatory System and Ingestive Behavior 655 665 P Marquet and C Depeursinge A C Spector 675 685 D Bucher Central Pattern Generators: Sensory Feedback 643 649 K Fuxe and L FAgnati Cellular Dynamics Revealed by Digital Holographic Microscopy 625 633 O Isacson Cell Replacement Therapy for Huntington's Disease Cerebellar Deep Nuclei 617 P J Lein, A D Fryer, and D Higgins Cell Culture: Autonomie and Enteric Neurons Central Pattern Generators 581 589 Cardiovascular Function: Central Nervous System Control Cataplexy 551 A C Charles and K C Brennan Calcium Waves: Purinergic Regulation Canal-Otolith Interactions 527 535 W A Catterall Calcium Homeostasis in Glia 509 521 Calcium Channel and Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel Coupling Calcium Channels 481 691 W O Friesen 701 T W Thach Cerebellar Lesions and Effects on Posture, Locomotion and Limb Movement AJBastian 711 S M Morton and 717 Table of Contents Iv Cerebellar Microcircuitry M Ito 723 Cerebellum and Oculomotor Control D S Zee and M Walker Cerebellum: Clinical Pathology M Molinari and M G Leggio Cerebellum: Evolution and Comparative Anatomy Cerebellum: Models Cerebral Cortex 729 737 M Glickstein and J Voogd 743 M Kawato 757 £ G Jones 769 Cerebral Cortex: Inhibitory Cells Y Kawaguchi and F Karube Cerebral Cortex: Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Cell Division 775 G Fishell and C Hanashima 785 Cerebral Fissure Patterns J H Kaas 793 Cerebrovascular Disease C S Ogilvy and A P Mitha 801 Cetacean Brains L Marino 807 Chemical Senses: Overview G M Shepherd 811 Chemical Senses: Protozoa J L Van Houten and W E Bell 813 Chemoaffinity Hypothesis: Development of Topographic Axonal Projections DDMO'Leary TMcLaughlin and 819 Cholinergic Neurotransmission in the Autonomie and Somatic Motor Nervous System T C Westfall 827 Cholinergic Pathways in CNS 835 Cholinergic System A C Cuello E J Mufson, S E Counts, and S D Ginsberg 845 Cholinergic System Imaging in the Healthy Aging Process and Alzheimer Disease L T Grinberg, H Hampel, and H Heinsen Chromaffin Cells: Model Cells for Neuronal Cell Biology B G Livett Chronic (Repeated) Stress: Consequences, Adaptations Cingulate Cortex S J Teipel, 869 M F Dallman 879 B Y Hayden and M L Platt 887 Circadian Function and Therapeutic Potenţial of Melatonin in Humans K Yuhas, and J S Emens A D Laposky and F W Turek Circadian Metabolic Rhythms Regulated by the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus C Escobar, and A Kalsbeek Circadian Organization A J Lewy, J Songer, M U Gillette and S-H Tyan Circadian Gene Expression in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Circadian Genes and the Sleep-Wake Cycle 857 893 901 909 R M Buijs, F W Turek 915 925 Circadian Organization in Non-Mammalian Vertebrates H Underwood 931 Circadian Oscillations in the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus WJSchwartz 939 Circadian Regulation by the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus D J Earnest 945 Circadian Regulation in Invertebrates Circadian Rhythm Models T L Page 951 P D Smolen and J H Byrne Circadian Rhythms in Sleepiness, Alertness, and Performance Circadian Rhythms: Influence of Light in Humans S W Lockley 957 J D Minkel and D F Dinges 965 971 Ivi Table of Contents T L Page Circadian Systems: Evolution 989 W M Fry and A V Ferguson Circumventricular Organs 997 A K Johnson Circumventricular Organs in Neuroendocrine Control S Sugita CIRL/Latrophilins 1007 R M Twyman Clathrin and Clathrin-Adaptors 1013 FWTurek Clock Gene Regulation of Endocrine Function 1019 A Kohsaka and J Bass Clock Genes and Metabolic Regulation 1023 D M Fekete Cochlear Development 1003 1031 Cochlear Mechanics R B Patuzzi 1041 Cochlear Prosthesis G E Loeb and B S Wilson 1051 E A Kensinger Cognition in Aging and Age-Related Disease S A Bunge and l Kahn Cognition: An Overview of Neuroimaging Techniques A R Aron, R A Poldrack, and S P Wise Cognition: Basal Ganglia Role J E Desmond and C L Marvel Cognition: Cerebellum Role Cognition: Neuropharmacology Cognitive Control and Development 1087 D Amso and B J Casey 1095 1101 D M Barch 1111 C M Wessinger and E Clapham Cognitive Neuroscience: An Overview P Gouras 1117 1123 S Laureys, M Boly, G Moonen, and P Maquet Coma and Other Pathological Disorders of Consciousness Command Systems 1069 A B Hains and A F TArnsten Cognitive Dysfunction in Psychiatric Disorders Coma 1063 1079 D S Manoach Cognitive Deficits in Schizophrenia Color Vision 1055 1133 N D Schiff J Jing 1149 M J Ryan Communication in Frogs and Toads 1167 A Michelsen Communication Networks and Eavesdropping in Animals Comparative Biology of Invertebrate Neuromuscular Junctions Comparative Neurobiology: History 1159 K McComb and D Reby Communication in Terrestrial Animals Communication in the Honeybee 1143 R L Reep 1173 P K McGregor H L Atwood and M KKlose 1179 1185 1211 VOLUME 3 C Complexins J Tang 1 Computaţional Approaches to Motor Control Computaţional Methods Computaţional Neuroethology R Shadmehr TJSejnowski H J Chiel and R D Beer 9 19 23 Table of Contenta D S Woodruff-Pak Conditioned Reflex 29 M R Foy and J G Foy Conditioned Taste Aversion 35 R Menzel Conditioning: Simple Neural Circuits in the Honeybee Conditioning: Theories 43 A R Wagner and E H Vogel 49 G H Jacobs 59 Cone Photopigment Evolution C G Bonnemann Congenital Muscular Dystrophy 67 T T Rogers Connectionist Models Ivii 75 L Onnis, M H Christiansen, and N Chater Connectionist Models of Language Processing S N Haber Connectivity of Primate Reward Centers 91 B Libet Consciousness: Neural Basis of Conscious Experience 99 ŞL Macknik and Consciousness: Neurophysiology and Visual Awareness in S Martinez-Conde 105 G Tononi Consciousness: Philosophy 117 C Koch and G Tononi Consciousness: Theoretical and Computaţional Neuroscience B Baars and A K Seth Consciousness: Theories and Models 83 125 131 Contextual Interactions in Visual Perception D Sagi 137 Contextual Interactions in Visual Processing A Das 145 M A Deardorff and l D Krantz Cornelia De Lange Syndrome 159 D Kamnasaran Corpus Callosum: Agenesis Cortical Control of Eye Movements 163 P H Schiller and E J Tehovnik 175 D V Buonomano and H A Johnson Cortical Plasticity and Learning: Mechanisms and Models E T Rolls Cortical Processing of the Reward Value of Food 189 R N Lemon Corticomotoneuronal System 197 J H Martin, K M Friel, l Salimi, and S Chakrabarty Corticospinal Development F Briggs and W M Usrey Corticothalamic Connections: Structure and Function Corticothalamic Connections: Ultrastructure 183 K S Rockland 203 215 221 Corticotropin-Releasing Mormone and Urocortins: Binding Proteins and Receptors M O Huising and W W Vale 231 Corticotropin-Releasing Mormone: Integration of Adaptive Responses to Stress P E Sawchenko, Z F Yuan, F Laplante, R A Rissman, and J C Bittencourt 239 Cotransmission G Burnstock 247 C Kenney and J Jankovic Cranial-Cervical Dystonia Cross-Modal Interactions Between Vision and Touch Cyclic AMP (cAMP) Role in Learning and Memory 255 K Sathian and S Lacey T W Abrams Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated and Hyperpolarization-Activated Channels A Ludwig, and F Hofmann Cysteine-String Proteins (CSPs) Cysticercosis: Cerebral 265 M Biel, S Michalakis, F Schmitz and R Ferna'ndez-Chacdn M A Goldberg 259 279 285 293 Table of Contents H W G M Boddeke, U Eisel, and K Biber Cytokine Receptors in Glia 295 A Adebola and R K H Liem Cytoskeletal Interactions in the Neuron 301 A Ferrari and Y Goda Cytoskeleton in Plasticity 311 D Deafness J E Hawkins 317 A Rustichini 323 A K Churchland and M N Shadlen 329 Decision-Making and Neuroeconomics Decision-Making and Vision Decision-Making in Financial Markets P Bossaerts 339 W A Suzuki 347 Declarative Memory System: Anatomy Y C Kim and S M Wang Decoding Neuron Transcriptome by SAGE C C Mclntyre Deep Brain Stimulation 365 A W Laxton, C Hamani, Deep Brain Stimulation and Movement Disorder Treatment E Moro, and A M Lozano Delayed Reinforcement: Economics 369 M C Rodriguez-Oroz, J M Matsubara, Deep Brain Stimulation and Parkinson's Disease P Clavero, J Guridi, and J A Obeso 375 C Harris 385 C M Bradshaw, S Body, and E Szabadi Delayed Reinforcement: Neuroscience Dementia 357 G K Gouras 393 403 Dementia and Language S Kemper and L J P Altmann 409 Demyelinating Diseases A Javed and B G WArnason 415 F J Şeii 423 Demyelination and Demyelinating Antibodies H Cline Dendrite Development, Synapse Formation and Elimination 427 H Wang and H Tiedge Dendrites: Localized Translation 431 Dendritic RNA Transport: Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Control of Neuronal Gene Expression J B Dictenberg and R H Singer Dendritic Signal Integration Dendritic Spine History N Spruston 437 445 A Matus 453 Depression and the Brain W C Drevets and M L Furey 459 Development of Behavior K A French and A Marin-Burgin 471 Development of Drosophila Neuromuscular Junctions B Berke and H Keshishian Developmental Disability and Fragile X Syndrome: Clinical Overview D Aguilar, L Cordeiro, C McCormick, and J Yuhas D Hessl, C Green, Developmental Synaptic Plasticity: LTP, LTD, and Synapse Formation and Elimination D E Feldman Diabetes Type 2 and Stress: Impact on Memory and the Hippocampus and O T Wolf Diabetic Neuropathy H C Powell and A P Mizisin Dichotic Listening Studies of Brain Asymmetry Differentiation: The Cell Cycle Instead K Hugdahl A Philpott 477 487 495 A Convit, M Rueger, 503 511 517 523 Table of Contents S Mori and J Zhang Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) 531 J D Elsworth and R H Roth Dopamine 539 A A Grace, D J Lodge, and D M Buffalari Dopamine - CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology P M Fuller and J Lu Dopamine Control of Arousal 557 P Foley Dopamine in Perspective 563 Dopamine Neurons: Reward and Uncertainty W Schultz 571 P Seeman Dopamine Receptors and Antipsychotic Drugs in Health and Disease G Bernardi and N B Mercur! Dopamine: Cellular Actions 601 A Rosenthal and J C Lin 609 A M Rush and S G Waxman Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons 615 P Gressens, S Passemard, G Sebag, F Chalard, and A Laquerriere Double Cortex Down Syndrome A Salehi, W C Mobley, and B Pohlman Down Syndrome: A Disorder of Histogenesis Dream Function T F Haydar and L Chakrabarti E J Wamsley and R Stickgold A Germain and A Zadra T Nielsen and R Levin Drosophila Apterous Neurons: From Stern Cell to Unique Neuron Drug Addiction: Behavioral Neurophysiology S Thor R M Careţii A Bonei and F W Hopf R Z Goldstein, N Alia-KIein, and N D Volkow R A Wise G F Eden and D L Flowers Dystonia: Classification, Genetics and Therapeutics P Shashidharan C Klein and L J Ozelius Dystonia: Myoclonus-Dystonia 691 699 Dystrophin, Associated Proteins, and Muscular Dystrophy 717 725 G Gold-von Simson, F B Axelrod, and S A Slaugenhaupt Dyslexia: Neurodevelopmental Basis 683 713 V Anggono and P J Robinson Dysautonomia: Familial 671 A Badian! and o-Serine: From Its Synthesis in Glial Cell to Its Action on Synaptic Transmission and Plasticity S H R Oliet and J-P Mothet Dynamin 663 677 Drug Addiction: Behavioral Pharmacology of Drug Addiction in Rats TERobinson Drug Addiction: Cellular Mechanisms 647 655 Dreams, Dreaming Theories and Correlates of Nightmares Drugs Addiction: Actions 635 639 Dreams and Dreaming: Incorporation of Waking Events Drug Addiction: Neuroimaging 621 627 D Kuiken Dreams and Nightmares in PTSD 579 597 A Pisani and N B Mercuri Dopaminergic Agonists and L-DOPA Dopaminergic Differentiation 549 737 741 749 757 H Lidov 771 E Eating Disorders W Kaye Echolocation l: Behavior A D Grinnell 785 791 lx Table of Contents N Sugă Echolocation II: Neurophysiology 801 C D Hopkins Electrical Perception and Communication R A Wise Electrical Self-Stimulation 833 G K H Zupanc Electrocommunication 839 F H Lopes da Silva, S l Gongalves, and J C De Munck Electroencephalography (EEG) L Maler Electrolocation J M Shefner and L Simionescu J S Kauer and J White Electronic Nose S Makeig 879 L J Frishman 883 F C Davis, J A Oier, and P J Whalen Emotion and Vigilance 889 J Bachorowski and M J Owren Emotion in Speech 903 J-M Fellous Emotion: Computaţional Modeling Emotion: Neuroimaging 897 J LeDoux Emotion Systems and the Brain 909 R J Dolan 915 P Carrive Emoţional Control of the Autonomie Nervous System L R Stines, N C Feeny, and E B Foa Emoţional Disorders: Treatment J L McGaugh and B Roozendaal Emoţional Hormones and Memory Modulation Emoţional Influences on Memory and Attention EA Phelps 933 953 B Lutz and G Marsicano Endocannabinoid Role in Synaptic Plasticity and Learning J M Mullington Endocrine Function During Sleep and Sleep Deprivation G F Ball and J Balthazart Endocrinology of Animal Communication: Behavioral S S G Ferguson and Y T Wang E T Kavalali Energy Homeostasis: Adiposity Signals S C Woods Energy Homeostasis: Hypothalamic Development Engineering Viruses for CNS studies Enteric Nervous System Development Enteric Nervous System: Disorders 981 995 1015 G Marsicano, U Pagotto, C Cervino, and 1021 K L Grove Energy Homeostasis: Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) System Energy Homeostasis: Visceral Control 977 1007 Energy Homeostasis: Endocannabinoid System R Pasquali Energy Homeostasis: Thermoregulation 963 991 V Haucke and E D Gundelfinger Endocytosis and Presynaptic Scaffolds Endocytosis: Kiss and Run 929 947 J F Bale Jr. Endocytic Traffic in Spines 923 941 L Cahill and A Anderson Emoţional Learning in Humans 863 871 Electrophysiology: EEG and ERP Analysis Electroretinography 849 857 Electromyography (EMG) and Nerve Conduction Studies Encephalitis 813 1029 D Richard and E Timofeeva KJKaiyala T L Powley and R J Phillips R Lansford M D Gershon D Grundy, R De Giorgio, and M Schemann 1035 1043 1053 1059 1069 1077 Table of Contents Ixi A Ruhl Enteric Nervous System: Glial Cells and Interstitial Cells of Cajal J B Furness Enteric Nervous System: Neural Circuits and Chemical Coding 1103 N Clerc and J B Furness Enteric Nervous System: Sensory Pathways 1115 A Solodkin and G W Van Hoesen 1121 A M Rosenwasser Entrainment of Circadian Rhythms by Light 1125 H Wolburg, K Wolburg-Buchholz, A F Mack, and A Reichenbach F Irie and Y Yamaguchi Eph Receptor Signaling and Spine Morphology Epilepsy 1097 J D Wood Enteric Nervous System: Physiology Ependymal Cells 1089 M J Saffrey Enteric Nervous System: Neurotrophic Factors Entorhinal Cortex 1083 1141 P Kandula and C Harden 1151 A Pitkănen and K Lukasiuk Epilepsy: Neuronal Death Episodic Memory 1147 J A Vidaurre, K M Zamel, and E S Roach Epilepsy: Channelopathies 1159 M E Wheeler and E J Ploran 1167 M Muhoz and R G M Morris Episodic Memory: Assessment in Animals Erectile Dysfunction 1133 1173 S H Tariq and J E Morley 1183 VOLUME 4 E Estrus and Menstrual Cycles: Neuroendocrine Control M S Smith M D Rugg Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) 7 Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) and Cognitive Processing Evoked Potentials: Clinical S A Hillyard 19 D Regan and M P Regan 29 N J Dominy Evolution of Sensory Receptor Specializations in the Glabrous Skin Evolution of Vertebrate Brains 13 B S Oken and T S Phillips Evoked Potentials: Recording Methods Evolution of the Limbic System 1 39 L L Bruce and M R Braford, Jr. 43 A B Butler Evolution of Vertebrate Respiratory Control Excitotoxicity in Neurodegenerative Disease 57 R J A Wilson, B E Taylor, and M B Harris S L Budd Haeberlein and S A Lipton Executive Function and Higher-Order Cognition: Assessment in Animals Executive Function and Higher-Order Cognition: Computaţional Models TSBraver Executive Function and Higher-Order Cognition: EEG Studies 77 J D Schall J W Brown and Executive Function and Higher-Order Cognition: Definition and Neural Substrates andJDWallis 67 E K Miller 87 93 99 L Y Deouell and R TKnight 105 S A Bunge and M J Souza 111 Executive Function and Higher-Order Cognition: Neuroimaging Executive Functions: Eye Movements and Neuropsychiatric Disorders AJHood,andCBJeter A B Sereno, S L Babin, 117 Ixii Table of Contents Exercise in Neurodegenerative Disease and Stroke MJZigmond C WCotman, A D Smith, TSchallert, and 123 Exercise: Optimizing Function and Survival at the Cellular Level Exocytosis: Ca2+-Sensitivity Extinction: Anatomy A Russo-Neustadt 133 R Schneggenburger 139 K A Corcoran and G J Quirk 145 Extracellular Matrix Molecules: Synaptic Plasticity and Learning F Morellini, and M Schachner Eye and Head Movements A Dityatev, A Irintchev, 149 K E Cullen Eye Movement Disorders 157 R J Leigh and M Gross Eye Tracking and Mental lllness Eyeblink Conditioning 169 D L Levy and J A Sweeney 179 K M Christian and R F Thompson 185 F Facial Expression in Primate Communication Fatigue L A Parr 193 R M Enoka 201 Fear Conditioning and Synaptic Plasticity P S Mukhopadhyay, and K J O'Riordan Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 207 E P Riley, S N Mattson, and J D Thomas Finger Movements: Control Flavor Physiology J M Levenson, K P Mangan, A M Smith 221 E T Rolls 227 Floor Plate Patterning of Ventral Cell Types: Ventral Patterning K HUI Fluid and Electrolyte Homeostasis: Clinical Disease Fluorescent Biomarkers in Neurons F G Wouterlood and A J Boekel K N Fish and M W Davidson S A Huettel Folate Deficiency States E M Stricker and S C Woods Forebrain Development: Prosomere Model F Cavodeassi, M Kapsimali, S W Wilson, and R M Young A Hendrickson Frontal Eye Fields H E Bronsky, S Coffey, and R J Hagerman J Lincoln M Pandolfo Frontal Cortex Evolution in Primates J D Schall 253 261 297 303 315 321 327 A W Grossman, W T Greenough, and E M Berry-Kravis Free Radicals in Autonomie Functions Friedreich Ataxia E S Monuki L Puelles Fragile X Associated Tremor Ataxia Syndrome Fragile X Syndrome 243 283 Forebrain Development: Holoprosencephaly (HPE) Forebrain: Early Development 233 273 V T Ramaekers Food and Water Intake: Regulation Fovea: Primate E Dessaud, J Briscoe, and J G Verbalis Fluorescence Microscopy in the Neurosciences fMRI: BOLD Contrast 213 335 341 349 357 E C Bush and J M Allman 363 367 Table of Contents Ixiii D T Stuss and M P Alexander Frontal Lobe Syndrome M Kritchevsky Funcţional Amnesia Funcţional Connectivity 383 K E Stephan and K J Friston 391 R B Stein Funcţional Electrical Stimulation 399 S Grafton Funcţional Imaging of the Motor System 409 417 C L Grady Funcţional Neuroimaging Studies of Aging Fusion Pore 375 J Zimmerberg, L-G Wu, and T S Reese GABA Synthesis and Metabolism 425 K L Behar 433 / Mody 441 GABAA Receptor Synaptic Functions 447 K Staley GABAA Receptors and Disease GABAA Receptors: Developmental Roles Y Ben-Ari 453 T Goetz, P Wulff, GABAA Receptors: Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Pharmacology and W Wisden A J Doherty, G L Collingridge, and S M Fitzjohn GABAB Receptor Function N G Bowery GABAB Receptors: Molecular Biology and Pharmacology Gain Modulation 463 E Salinas Galanin and Receptors 477 485 K R Bailey and J N Crawley 491 R A Johnstone Game Theory and the Economics of Animal Communication Games in Monkeys: Neurophysiology and Motor Decision-Making D Lee A Schousboe and H S Waagepetersen Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Gap Junction Abnormalities and Disorders of the Nervous System and P L Carlen Gap Junction Communication 471 505 511 C C Naus, C Giaume, C Giaume and C C Naus 517 523 M V L Bennett Gap Junctions and Electrical Synapses 499 529 Gap Junctions and Hemichannels in Glia Z Ye and B R Ransom 549 Gap Junctions and Neuronal Oscillations M O Cunningham and F E N LeBeau 555 J M Medina and A Tabernero Gap Junctions: Metabolic Exchanges Gastrointestinal Signals: Satiety T H Moran Gastrointestinal Signals: Stimulation S J Caton, and M H Tschop 571 R Nogueiras, P Wiedmer, D Perez-Tilve, 577 Gastrointestinal Tract Role in Neural Control of Metabolism, Food Intake and Body Weight: ASummary WJănig Gene Expression Dysregulation in CNS Pathophysiology Gene Expression in Normal Aging Brain 563 R M Twyman T E Morgan Gene Expression in the Evolution of the Human Brain Gene Expression Regulation: Activity-Dependent 583 587 591 M C Oldham and D H Geschwind E D A/e/son and L M Monteggia 597 605 Ixiv Table of Contents Gene Expression Regulation: Chromatin Modification in the CNS Gene Expression Regulation: Steroid Hormone Effects J-A Gustafsson J Hsieh, A Tsai, and K Ure M Warner, S Andersson, and 619 Gene Therapy and Protection from Stress-lnduced Brain Damage Gene Therapy: Direct Viral Delivery R Sapolsky B K Kaspar Gene Therapy: Genetically Modified Cells 641 Genetic Influence on CNS Gene Expression: Impact on Behavior Genetic Regulation of Circadian Rhythms in Drosophila / Hovatta R Allada and P Emery A-M Chang and P C Zee Genetics of Human Anxiety and Its Disorders Genomic Disorder and Gene Expression in the Developing CNS and J Chun Glia and Stroke 685 A Prigione, 695 C A Reynolds 703 M Saarma 711 G Trendelenburg and U Dirnagl Glia and Synapse Formation: An Overview Glia Control of Blood Flow 721 N J Allen and B A Barres Glial Cells: Astrocytes and Oligodendrocytes during Normal Brain Aging C Humpel, and B Grubeck-Loebenstein Glial Cells: T Cell Interactions M B Graeber Glial Energy Metabolism: A NMR Spectroscopy Perspective 765 R Gruetter H S Waagepetersen and A Schousboe A Nieoullon Glial Glycogen Metabolism M P Kavanaugh / Allaman 789 805 819 Glial Influence on Synaptic Transmission C G Schipke and O Peters Glial Ion Homeostasis: A Fluorescence Microscopy Approach Glial Plasticity and Neuroendocrine Regulation Glial Steroid Metabolism 783 811 B M Reuss J-Y Chatton D T Theodosis P G Popovich, L B Jakeman, and D M McTigue Glial Responses to Virus Infection 773 793 Glial Glutamate Transporters: Electrophysiology Glial Responses to Injury 761 L Pellerin and P J Magistretti Glial Glutamate and GABA Metabolism Glial Glutamate Transporters 743 749 C Infante-Duarte and FZipp Glial Energy Metabolism: Overview 737 / Blasko, J A Coles Glial Cells: Microglia during Normal Brain Aging Glial Growth Factors 731 G R J Gordon, BA MacVicar, and S J Mulligan Glial Cells: Invertebrate 669 679 D K Lahiri and B Maloney GFL Neurotrophic Factors: Physiology and Pharmacology 655 C M Paczkowski Genomics of Brain Aging: Nuclear and Mitochondrial Genomes G Cortopassi, and C Ferrarese Genomics of Brain Aging: Twin Studies 647 663 A R Hariri and D R Weinberger Genomics of Brain Aging: Apolipoprotein E 627 633 U J Kang Genetics of Circadian Disorders in Humans 611 J Martm-Garcia and F Gonzâlez-Scarano R C Melcangi and L M Garcia-Segura 827 835 845 853 861 871 Table of Contents Glioma N J Ernest and H Sontheimer 877 SPH Alexander Glutamate Ixv 885 M C Chang, R W Cho, and Glutamate Receptor Clusters: Narp, EphB2 Receptor, Stargazin PFWorley 895 Y Fukazawa and R Shigemoto Glutamate Receptor Organization: Ultrastructural Insights R A McKinney and Glutamate Regulation of Dendritic Spine Form and Function S M Thompson 905 J-M Biliard and B Potier Glutamatergic and Gabaergic Systems C Vannier and A Triller Glycine Receptors: Molecular and Cell Biology A Brown, S Baltan, and B R Ransom Glycogen Metabolism in CNS White Matter 901 913 921 929 Glycosylation: General Overview J Jaeken and H Carchon 935 Goal-Directed Behavior Theories S B Ostlund and B W Balleine 943 Gonadal Steroid Actions on Brain S A Tobet and R J Handa 951 / J Clarke and A J Tilbrook Gonadotropin, Neural and Hormonal Control S Wray Gonadotropin-Releasing Mormone: GnRH-1 System L R Young Gravitaţional Effects on Brain and Behavior 981 M von dem Bussche and M H Tuszynski Growth Factors: Neuronal Atrophy Growth Mormone 967 975 J A Raper GrowthCones 959 L A Frohman 987 993 H Hair Cell Differentiation C Puligilla and M W Kelley Hair Cell Regeneration J R Meyers, Z Hu, Z Lu, and J T Corwin G S G Ge'leoc and J R Hoit Hair Cells: Sensory Transduction Headache 999 D G Jamieson S H Ridgway and W W L Au Heart Rate Variability: A Neurovisceral Integration Model J F Thayer T H Brown, YZhao, and V Leung Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) Proteins: Hes Family J Hatakeyama Helix-Loop-Helix (bHLH) Proteins: Proneural Hemiplegie Migraine and Channel Disorders and M D Ferrari Hemispheric Specialization and Cognition Hepatic Encephalopathy 1041 1049 1057 J E Johnson and S M Glasgow 1067 P J Goadsby, A M J M van den Maagdenberg, 1073 M T Banich A S Basile and K D Mullen J K Fink 1031 R Kageyama, T Ohtsuka, R Ohsawa, and Herbal Products and GABA Receptors G A R Johnston, M Chebib, R K Duke, S P Fernandez, J R Hanrahan, T Hinton, and K N Mewett Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia 1015 1021 Hearing and Echolocation in Dolphins Hebbian Plasticity 1005 1081 1087 1095 1103 Ixvi Table of Contents B S Chang and C A Walsh Heritable Microgyrias 1107 T S Kilduff Hibernation 1113 R L Isaacson Hippocampus 1119 E / Moser and M-B Moser 1129 R A Koene and M E Hasselmo 1137 Hippocampus and Neural Representations Hippocampus: Computaţional Models C L Thompson and E S Lein Hippocampus: Molecular Anatomy Histamine Receptors and their Ligands: Mechanisms and Applications HvanderGoot 1143 H Timmerman and 1149 C G Gross History of Neuroscience: Early Neuroscience 1167 F Santamaria and J M Bower Hodgkin-Huxley Models 1173 J A Golden Holoprosencephaly 1181 A R Houweling and A van Ooyen Homeostasis at Multiple Spaţial and Temporal Scales A B Butler Homology and Homoplasy 1195 Hormonal Signaling to the Brain for the Control of Feeding/Energy Balance R M Twyman N S R Sanderson and D Crews Hormones and Behavior 1189 1201 1207 Hormones and Memory J S Janowsky and D R Roalf 1217 Hox Genes Expression M Parrish, C Nolte, and R Krumlauf 1221 VOLUME 5 H / V Viskontas and l Fried Human Depth Electrodes S J Lederman and R L Klatzky Human Haptics Human Methods: Psychophysics Humans 11 B A Schneider and S Parker A P Shimamura Huntington's Disease 35 M F Chesselet, MĂ Hickey, CZhu, and M S Levine G Westheimer Hypocretin/Orexin and MCH and Receptors Hypothalamic Structure-Function Relationships 19 29 J F Gusella and M E MacDonald Huntington's Disease: Neurodegeneration Hyperacuity 1 39 45 A Adamantidis and L de Lecea J P Cârd 51 57 N Pecoraro and M F Dallman 65 Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis: Organization, Neural/Endocrine Control of TRH R M Lechan, A Hollenberg, and C Fekete 75 Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) Axis \ Ideal Observer Theory D Kersten and P Mamassian Imaging Studies Using Reporter-Gene Transgenic Rats 89 A Kimura and E Kobayashi 97 Table of Contents Immune Function During Sleep and Sleep Deprivation Immune System-Neuroendocrine Interactions Induced Seizures as Therapy in Mân J M Mullington S Rivest 117 M J Bellizzi and H A Gelbard Inflammation in Neurodegenerative Disease and Injury M G Tansey and S G Kernie BJRichmond Inhibitory Control over Action and Memory B J Song, S H Tsang, and D B Farber M C Anderson and C Weaver Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling and Actions in Brain V C Russo and G A Werther D L Eng and L F Eng 131 Intracellular Calcium and Neuronal Death K Kalil 153 165 179 M Gleichmann and M P Mattson Invertebrate Models to Study Learning and Memory: Lymnaea Invertebrate Neurohormone GPCRs M Schneider, and F Hauser 145 173 Interstitial Axon Branching/Collateral Elimination P R Benjamin and G Kemenes 191 197 C J P Grimmelikhuijzen, G Cazzamali, M Williamson, 205 Inwardly Rectifying Potassium Channels H T Kurata and C G Nichols Ion Channel Localization in Cell Bodies and Dendrites Ion Channel Localization in Axons Ionic Channels in Glia 125 137 Inherited Macular Degenerations: Animal Models Intermediate Filaments 103 109 M Fink Infectious Agents in Neurodegenerative Disease Information Coding Ixvii R Westenbroek M N Rasband and J S Trimmer M L Olsen and H Sontheimer 213 221 229 237 J Joubert Syndrome R J Ferland and C A Walsh 249 K Kainate Receptor Functions J Lerma 257 Kainate Receptors: Molecular and Cell Biology J Lerma 265 Kinematics and Dynamics A d'Avella 271 Kinship Signals in Animals J M Mateo 281 Kisspeptins and their Receptors M Tena-Sempere 291 L Lamina-Specific Neuronal Connections Landau Kleffner Syndrome M A Mikati, R M Kurdi, and A N Shamseddine Language Development Language Evolution M Yamagata T H Mintz Language in Aged Persons 307 313 M H Chhstiansen and S Kirby Language Following Congenital Disorders (not SLI) 299 321 R Leech and F Dick E A L Stine-Morrow and M C Shake 329 337 Ixviii Table of Contents N F Dronkers and J V Baldo Language: Aphasia 343 Language: Auditory Processes D Gow and D Caplan 349 Language: Cortical Processes D Caplan 357 J L Evans Language: Learning Impairments 361 D M Rumbaugh, E S Savage-Rumbaugh, and J P Taglialatela Language: Nonhuman Animals A Alioua, P Kundu, R Lu, Large Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels Y Kumar, J Ou, E Ştefani, and L Toro Latrotoxin 373 T Kogel and H-H Gerdes Large Dense Core Vesicles (LDCVs) 367 383 M V Khvotchev 391 K Touzani and A Sclafani Learned Flavor Aversions and Preferences Learning and Memory in Invertebrate Models: Tritonia Learning and Memory in Invertebrates: Aplysia 395 W N Frost and E V Megalou J H Byrne, E G Antzoulatos, and D Fioravante 401 405 Learning and Memory in Invertebrates: C. Elegans TA Timbers and C H Rankin 413 Learning and Memory in Invertebrates: Drosophila D-B G Akalal and R L Davis 421 Learning and Memory in Invertebrates: Hermissenda T Crow, J-J Xue-Bian, and L-M Jian R Menzel Learning and Memory in Invertebrates: Honey Bee Learning and Memory in Invertebrates: Limax 435 A Gelperin 441 C M Sherff and T J Carew Learning and Memory in Invertebrates: Mollusks 447 P Dayan, N D Daw, and Y Niv Learning, Action, Inference and Neuromodulation Lexical Impairments Following Brain Injury R Casas and D Tranel LIM Kinase and Actin Regulation of Spines L-Y Wang Z J/a, Z Todorovski, Y Meng, SAsrar, and Lissencephaly 463 W G Wood and G Y Sun 473 E Marani, K G Usunoff, and H K P Feirabend Liprins, ELKS, and RIM-BP Proteins 481 S Schoch, T Mittelstaedt, and M Zurner 487 T Pramparo and T Wynshaw-Boris Lissencephaly Type l and Periventricular Heterotopia Localizing Signal Sources 495 E Parrini and R Guerrini 503 G M Klump 513 Long-Term Depression (LTD): Endocannabinoids and Cerebellar LTD D M Lovinger Long-Term Depression (LTD): Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor (mGluR) and NMDAR-Dependent Forms C Luscher and M Frerking Long-Term Depression: Cerebellum Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) 455 467 Lipids and Membranes in Brain Aging Lipofuscin and Lipofuscinosis 427 519 527 Mito 533 J D Sweatt 541 Long-Term Potentiation (LTP): Mossy Fiber cAMP-Dependent Presynaptic LTP Long-Term Potentiation (LTP): NMDA Receptor Role G L Collingridge A Contractor 551 A J Doherty, S M Fitzjohn, and Long-Term Potentiation and Long-Term Depression in Experience-Dependent Plasticity M C Crair and R D Shah 555 561 Table of Contents G M Pasîores Lysosomal System Ixix 571 J G Gindhart and K P Weber Lysosomeand Endosome Organization and Transport in Neurons 581 M M A Srinivasan and R Zimmer Machine Haptics 589 A M Butt Macroglial Lineages 597 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Magnetic Sense in Animal Navigation J R Alger 601 T Ritz 609 D Cohen and E Halgren Magnetoencephalography 615 Magnocellular Neurosecretory System: Organization, Plasticity, Model Peptidergic Neurons G l Hatton J P H Burbach Mammalian Neuropeptide Families S Blum and P K Dash MAP Kinase Signaling in Learning and Memory Map Plasticity and Recovery from Stroke R J Nudo and S Barbay S J Karlen and L Krubitzer Marsupial Neocortex A S French and P H Torkkeli Mechanoreceptors D R Weaverand S W Lockley Melatonin Regulation of Circadian Rhythmicity in Vertebrates B Bontempi and P W Frankland K A Palier Memory Consolidation: Systems M W Howard Memory: Computaţional Models Memory: Genetic Approaches Metabolic Syndrome and Sleep F W Turek 789 B A Grueter and D G Winder Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRs): Molecular Biology, Pharmacology and Cell Biology F Nicoletti, V Bruno, and G Battaglia H M Schipper 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA, "Ecstasy") Microcephaly Vera S D Ginsberg G H Mochida Microglia Identification Methods E Raibon and T Moller 795 801 811 D R lre/and, B G Mockett, and W C Abraham Microarray use for the Analysis of the CNS 761 779 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors (mGluRs): Functions Metaplasticity 733 771 J Z Tsien Metal Accumulation during Aging 721 751 T Fukushima, H Kasahara, T Kamigaki, and Y Miyashita Memory Representation 713 741 A Fradera and M D Kopelman Memory Disorders 681 703 M Merkestein, W H Gispen, and R A H Adan Memory Consolidation: Cerebral Cortex 663 697 D Kombogiorgas and S Sgouros Melanocortins: Brain Effects 657 689 D Grundy and S J H Brookes Mechanosensory Transduction 649 671 E V Romanova, S P Annangudi, and J V Sweedler Mass Spectroscopy of Proteins Medulloblastoma 635 J M Donlea and P J Shaw Mammalian Sleep and Circadian Rhythms: Flies 623 A R Green and M l Colado 819 827 835 843 849 Ixx Table of Contents U-K Hanisch and D van Rossum Microglia Properties 853 K Ohsawa and S Kohsaka Microglial Response to Injury 861 L Cassimeris Microtubule Associated Proteins in Neurons 865 P W Baas, K A Myers, L Qiang, and Microtubules: Organization and Function in Neurons V C Nadar 871 S Agarwala and C W Ragsdale Midbrain Patterning Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Nervous System Injury 879 D A Butterfield and W O Opii S DiMauro, E Bonilla, and E A Schon Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathies 903 MĂ Zapala, C Barlow, and l Hovatta 913 Monoamine Transporters: Focus on the Regulation of Serotonin Transporter by Cytokines J Masson and M Hamon S Govoni Monoamines D F Wong and A Gjedde 939 Monoamines: Release Studies M J Zigmond A D Smith, A C Michael, B J Lopresti, R Narendran, and Monocarboxylate Transporters K Pierre and L Pellerin 953 975 J D Coplan, J G Kral, J R Lackner Motion Sickness 995 J B Travers Motor Control of Feeding and Drinking W Mathiyakom and J L McNitt-Gray Motor Gait and Falls M-R Song and S L Pfaff Motor Neuron Specification in Vertebrates S F Giszter Motor Primitives Motor Sequences 1001 1009 1015 1023 C A Buneo and J F Soechting Motor Psychophysics 981 989 V Ralevic Motor Autonomie Transmission 1041 R Sosnik, F Polyakov, and T Flash 1047 S P Wise and D T Willingham 1057 Motor Skill Learning A Wing and R M Bracewell MPTP Parkinsonism Model Muller Cells 967 L Wolpert Mother-lnfant Interaction in the Variable Foraging Demand Model E L P Smith, and L A Rosenblum Motor Timing 961 H K Mânji, C A Zarate, G Chen, and J Du Morphogens: History 921 931 Monoamines: Human Brain Imaging Mood Stabilizers 895 E E Glater and T L Schwarz Mitochondrial Organization and Transport in Neurons Molecular Anatomy of the Mammalian Brain 887 1067 T Wichmann and M R DeLong A Bringmann and A Reichenbach P Otovic and S Partan Multimodal Signaling in Animals Multiple Memory Systems N M White Multisensory Convergence and Integration TRStanford Munci 3 and Associated Molecules 1077 1083 1095 1107 B E Stein, B Rowland, P Laurienti, and R Weimer and J Richmond 1119 1125 Table of Contents Munci 8 / Dulubova 1131 R S Aronstam and P Patil Muscarinic Receptors: Autonomie Neurons Music P J Donnelly and C J Limb 1159 S S Scherer and E J Arroyo Myelin: Molecular Architecture of CNS and PNS Myelin Sheath Myopia 1141 1151 D Deutsch Musical lllusions Ixxi J Wallman 1169 1181 P C Bridgman and M Ahmed Myosin Transport and Neuronal Function 1187 VOLUME 6 N Napping S C Medrick and S P A Drummond Narcolepsy 1 E Mignot and L Lin 7 M L Kuroski de Bold and A J de Bold Natriuretic Peptides D J Graham and D J Field Natural Images: Coding Efficiency 29 M-M Mesulam Neglect Syndrome and the Spaţial Attention Network F Aboitiz Neocortex: Origins L Krubitzer and K Campi A Lev-Tov and M J O'Donovan Neonatal Circuits 71 D R McCrimmon, G S Mitchell, J L Feldman, and G FAIheid Neural Coding in Primary Motor Cortex Neural Coding of Spaţial Representations 79 M Schachner, l Leshchyns'ka, Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules and Synapse Regulation andVSytnyk 91 K D Alloway Neural Circuitry in the Somatosensory System 51 61 J C Petruska and L M Mendell Nerve Growth Factor 37 43 Neocortical Organization in Monotremes Neural Crest 19 P L R Andrews Nausea and Vomiting Network Control 15 97 S H Scott 105 N M Bentley and E Salinas H M Young, R B Anderson, and D F Newgreen Neural Crest Cell Diversification and Specification: ErbB Role Neural Crest Cell Diversification and Specification: Melanocytes 117 123 K-A Nave and M H Schwab K Bismuth and H Arnheiter 135 143 Neural Crest Diversification and Specification: Transcriptional Control of Schwann Cell Differentiation M Wegner 153 C Linker and C D Stern 159 Neural Induction in Chicks Neural Integrator Models M S Goldman, A Compte, and X-J Wang Neural Oscillators and Dynamical Systems Models Neural Patterning: Arealization of the Cortex Neural Patterning: Eye Fields 165 G B Ermentrout 179 D D M O'Leary and T T Kroll 189 M Noda, H Takahashi, and H Sakuta 199 Ixxii Table of Contents Neural Patterning: Midbrain-Hindbrain Boundary Neural Prostheses for Reaching S Scholpp and M Brand H Scherberger 213 Neural Repair and Regeneration: Inflammatory Mechanisms and Cytokines Neural Stern Cells and CNS Diseases andEYSnyder Neural Stern Cells: Ocular A Hartmann 229 C Zhao and F H Gage 239 TA Reh 247 Neural Synchrony and Feature Binding W Singer 253 M Ahmad and M Missler 261 Neuroanatomy Methods in Humans and Animals Neurodegeneration in Psychiatric lllness Neuroeconomics: History P Lavenex 269 R J Schloesser, M Lan, and H K Mânji P W Glimcher Neuroendocrine Aging: Pituitary Metabolism N E Rance W E Sonntag, C B Herenu, and R G Goya Neuroendocrine Aging: Pituitary-Adrenal Axis E R de Kloet Neuroendocrine Aging: Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Males S M Pincus, D M Keenan, and J D Veldhuis Neuroendocrine Peptide Processing 317 R Coppari and R S Bridges and B C Nephew D A Gutman and C B Nemeroff A Lomniczi, V Matagne, and S R Ojeda C D Cole and L J Young S J Bird Neurofibromatosis Type 1 355 367 377 385 K K Watson and M L Platt 393 A Theos and B R Korf Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Molecular and Cellular Biology Neurofibromatosis Type 2 333 351 Neuroendocrinology of Social/Affiliative Behavior Neuroethological Perspective 327 343 L A Frohman Neuroendocrinology of Affective Disorders Neuroethics 299 P Y Liu, P Takahashi, A Nehra, N G Seidah Neuroendocrinology of Puberty 291 309 Neuroendocrine Control of Energy Balance (Central Circuits/Mechanisms) J K Elmquist Neuroendocrine Control: Maternal Behavior 279 285 Neuroendocrine Aging: Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Women Neuroendocrinology 221 J-P Lee, S McKercher, F-J Mueller, J F Loring, Neural Stern Cells: Adult Neurogenesis Neurexins 205 401 D H Viskochil and D A Stevenson S R Plotkin 409 419 Neurofibromatosis Type 2: Further Questions and Answers Neurofilaments: Organization and Function in Neurons M H Ruttledge and G A Rouleau C S Lobsiger and D W Cleveland 427 433 Neurogenesis and Neural Precursors, Progenitors, and Stern Cells in the Adult Brain J G Emsley, U S Sohur, and J D Macklis 437 Neurogenesis in the Intact Adult Brain 443 Neurohypophyseal System Neuroimaging G Kempermann C D Sladek and W E Armstrong M J Fulham Neuroimmune System: Aging 449 459 E Bellavista and C Franceschi 471 Table of Contents Neuroinformatics Neuroleptics Neuroligins G A Ascoli and M Halavi 477 J M Stone and L S Pilowsky 485 P Taylor, A De Jaco, and D Comoletti Neuromodulation Ixxiii 493 P S Katz and R J Calin-Jageman 497 Neuromodulation of Calcium Channels A Lee 505 Neuromodulation of Sodium Channels W A Catterall 513 Neuromorphic Systems G Indiveri, S-C Liu, T Delbruck, and R Douglas Neuromuscular Connections: Vertebrate Patterns of 521 C R Slater 529 Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ): A Target for Natural and Environmental Toxins in Humans J Harris 539 Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Acetylcholinesterases 551 R L Rotundo Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Activity-Dependent Muscle Fiber Modulation Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Aging T L0mo G C Sieck and C B Mantilla Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Inherited and Acquired Disorders Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Mammalian Development 569 A Vincent C R Slater Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Postsynaptic Basal Lamina 559 575 585 M J Werle 595 Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Postsynaptic Events in Neuromuscular Transmission C R Slater 601 Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Presynaptic Non-Quantal Release of Transmitter FVyskocil 611 Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Presynaptic Schwann Cells and Modulation of Neuromuscular Transmission E-L Be'lair and R Robitaille 619 Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Presynaptic Short-Term Plasticity of Neuromuscular Transmission A M Holohean and K L Magleby 629 Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ): Presynaptic Stretch Effects on Neuromuscular Transmission A D Grinnell 635 Neuromuscular Junction Plasticity in Mammals and Botulinum Toxins 641 C R Slater Neuromuscular Junction: Neuronal Regulation of Gene Transcription at the Vertebrate H R Brenner and D L Falls 653 Neuromuscular Junction: Synapse Elimination 663 R R Ribchester Neuromuscular Transmission Modulation at Invertebrate Neuromuscular Junctions H L Atwood and M K Klose 671 Neuron Doctrine: Historical Background 691 Neuronal Angiotensin G M Shepherd A M Allen, E L O'Callaghan, FA O Mendelsohn, and S-Y Chai Neuronal Motility and Structure: Cdk5 Pathways B A Samuels and L-H Tsai Neuronal Motility and Structure: MARK and GSK Pathways Neuronal Pacemaking B P Bean Neuronal Plasticity after Cortical Damage B Lu 697 703 711 717 B Kolb Neuron-Glia Coupling in Glutathione Metabolism 727 R Dringen 733 Ixxiv Table of Contents J W Deitmer and M Chesler Neuron-Glia pH Regulation J Borzan and R A Meyer Neuropathic Pain 749 M Jokanovic Neuropathy: Chemically-lnduced 759 R E Schmidt Neuropathy: Metabolically-lnduced 767 C Chalk Neuropathy: Peripheral 777 P Panula Neuropeptide FF and Receptors 783 B P Roques Neuropeptide Inactivation or Metabolism 789 D Hoyer and T Bartfai Neuropeptide Receptors - Drug Development F Bergquist and M Ludwig Neuropeptide Release Neuropeptide S 739 811 R K Reinscheid 817 D R Năssel Neuropeptide Signaling in Invertebrates 821 J A Sobota, B A Eipper, and R E Mains Neuropeptide Synthesis and Storage D R Gehlert Neuropeptide Y (NPY) and its Receptors 829 837 A Merighi Neuropeptides and Coexistence 801 843 Neuropeptides and Receptors in Glia L Calzâ 851 Neuropeptides in Autonomie Neurons L Klimaschewski 861 J M Jimenez-Andrade and P W Mantyh Neuropeptides Internalization D Larhammar Neuropeptides Phylogeny and Evolution 873 O Civelli Neuropeptides: Discovery 881 WZieglgănsberger Neuropeptides: Electrophysiology 885 N Wierup and F Sundler Neuropeptides: Endocrine Cells 891 M Costa and S Brookes Neuropeptides: Enteric Nervous System A Mazarati Neuropeptides: Epilepsy Neuropeptides: Food Intake 915 F Holsboer 923 X-J Xu and Z Wiesenfeld-Hallin Neuropeptides: Pain Neuropeptides: Sensory Systems Neurophysiology: Past and Present 931 J V Priestley 935 S Jacyna 945 Neuroplasticity: Computaţional Approaches H Z Shouval Neuroprotection: Endogenous Mechanisms A P Raval, E J Kim, and D Delta Morte MĂ Perez-Pinzon, K R Dave, R A DeFazio, Neuroprotection: Pharmacological Approaches Neuroproteomics 899 907 S F Leibowitz and K E Wortley Neuropeptides: Mental Disease 867 951 M Singh 961 967 M O Collins and S G N Grant 971 D C Delis 983 Neuropsychological Testing Neuropsychology of Primate Reward Processes Neuropsychology: Theoretical Basis EA Murray 993 G Berlucchi Neurosecretion (Regulated Exocytosis in Neuroendocrine Cells) 1001 J F Morris 1007 Table of Contents Neurosteroids M Schumacher, P Robei, and E-E Baulieu Neurotensin and Receptors Neurotoxins Ixxv 1015 P Sarret and P Kitabgi 1021 R M Kostrzewa 1035 Neurotoxins and their Neurotoxicology M l Sabri and P S Spencer 1043 Neurotransmitter and Mormone Receptors on Oligodendrocytes and Schwann Cells VGalloandL-J Chew 1051 Neurotransmitter Release f rom Astrocytes 1061 A Volterra Neurotransmitter Release: Synchronous and Asynchronous Neurotransmitters and Growth Factors: Overview GMPasinetti 1073 E-Y Chen, D Fox, and J H Kordower 1085 A Blesch and M H Tuszynski 1093 Neurotrophic Factor Therapy: NGF, BDNF and NT-3 Neurotrophins: Physiology and Pharmacology J M Conner and M H Tuszynski A Lawson and G C Schoenwolf R M Twyman D J K Balfour and C S Birch Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors 1115 1121 J-P Changeux and Y Paas Nicotinic Receptors: Autonomie Neurons Niemann-Pick Disease 1101 1107 Neutrotransmission and Neuromodulation: Acetylcholine Nicotine 1067 E Ling, R A Shrikhande, and Neurotrophic Factor Therapy: GDNF and CNTF Neurulation R Grantyn and S Kihschuk 1129 M De Biasi 1135 J K Fink 1141 Nightmares M Schredl 1145 Nitric Oxide G Wilson and J Garthwaite 1151 NMDA Receptor Function and Physiological Modulation NMDA Receptors and Development M A Phillips and M Constantine-Paton NMDA Receptors and Disease+C464 T P Wong, J G Howland, and Y T Wang NMDA Receptors, Cell Biology and Traff icking Nociceptor Responses R J Wenthold and R S Petralia C Belmonte and F Viana Nogo-A: Its Role in Axon Regeneration Non-Photoreceptor Photoreception K Y Wong C T Siwak-Tapp and P D Tapp Notch Pathway: Lateral Inhibition 1199 1213 G Aston-Jones, CA Meijas-Aponte, 1237 A Chitnis 1249 A Miyamoto and A Morgan and R D Burgoyne Nuclear Movements in Neurons 1183 1231 Notch Signal Transduction: Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms G Weinmaster NSF and SNAPs 1177 1221 D B Bylund Norepinephrine: CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology and B Waterhouse 1165 1205 R D Wassall, N Teramoto, and T C Cunnane Norepinephrine: Adrenergic Receptors 1157 1191 M E Schwab and A Ghosh Non-Primate Models of Normal Brain Aging Noradrenaline K Zito and V Scheuss Y-H Youn and A Wynshaw-Boris 1259 1269 1277 Ixxvi Table of Contente J-Y Sul, A Sharma, J Eberwine, Nucleic Acid Introduction into Primary Neurons and Glia andPGHaydon A Nieder Numerical Intelligence: Neural Substrates 1295 R J Seeley Nutrient Sensing: Cellular Metabolism Nutrition 1287 B E Levin Nutrient Sensing: Carbohydrates 1303 M P Mattson and B Martin Nystagmus 1283 1307 M J Shelhamer 1313 VOLUME 7 D Mataix-Cols, O A van den Heuvel, D S van Grootheest, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and l Heyman T D Sotnikova and R R Gainetdinov Octopamine and Other Monoamines in Invertebrates J C Lynch Oculomotor Control: Anatomical Pathways 9 17 L M Optican Oculomotor System: Models 1 25 Olfaction in Invertebrates: Drosophila R R H Anholt 35 Olfaction in Invertebrates: Honeybee R Menzel 43 Olfaction in Invertebrates: Manduca H Lei, and J G Hildebrand A M Dacks, P G Guerenstein, C E Reisenman, J P Martin, Olfactory Bulb Anatomy T Kosaka and K Kosaka Olfactory Bulb Mapping K Mori A V Masurkar and W R Chen Olfactory Bulb Physiology Olfactory Coding M Bazhenov and M Stopfer D A Wilson Olfactory Cortex Physiology K R lllig and D A Wilson Olfactory Cortex: Comparative Anatomy M Nieto-Sampedro Olfactory Ensheathing Cells: Regeneration Following Spinal Cord Injury Olfactory Epithelium T Leinders-Zufall and M Mă Olfactory Glomeruli: Structure and Circuitry Olfactory Higher Centers Anatomy M T Shipley and A C Puche J L Price Olfactory Insights from Transcriptional Profiling Olfactory Neuron Patterning and Specification T S McCIintock and N Sammeta C L Beites, S Kawauchi, and A L Calof Olfactory Receptor Genes: Human Loss During Evolution Olfactory Receptors K Touhara Olfactory Receptors: Microarray Analysis Olfactory System Theory YGilad XZhang, S Firestein, and XZhang T A Cleland and C Linster Olfactory System: Circuit Dynamics and Neural Coding in the Locust G Laurent VJayaraman and Table of Contents J Trotter and K Karram Oligodendrocyte and Schwann Cell Identification Methods A M Butt Oligodendrocyte Morphology 209 R R Llinas and K D Walton Olivocerebellar System 217 J R Wolpaw and X Y Chen Operant Conditioning of Ref lexes 6 L Kieffer Opioid Peptides and Receptors M R Pranzatelli R A Rachel and B E Reese Optic Nerve, Optic Chiasm, and Optic Tracts S C Sharma and K A Paf/7 Optic Tectum: Development and Plasticity H Luksch E T Kavalali Optical Monitoring of Exo- and Endocytosis 303 A K Johnson Osmoregulation 309 D T Kemp Oloacoustic Emissions 271 295 B J Sessle Orofacial Motor Control 255 285 E T Rolls Orbitofrontal Cortex: Visual Functions 249 279 M J Mustari and S Ono Optokinetic Eye Movements 241 263 N Pouratian and S Sheth Optical Imaging of Intrinsic Signals 225 235 Opsoclonus/Myoclonus and Neuroblastoma Optic Tectum: Sensorimotor Integration 197 203 l/l/ D Richardson Oligodendrocyte Specification Ixxvii 317 Oxidative Damage in Neurodegeneration and Injury / G Gazaryan and R R Ratan Oxytocin (Peripheral/Central Actions and their Regulation) J A Russell and P J Brunton 327 337 P Z Li, S Harris, and T M Egan P2X Receptors M Devor Pain and Genes 355 R-R Ji and Y Kawasaki Pain and Plasticity 361 WJănig Pain and the Sympathetic Nervous System A R Molloy and M J Cousins Pain Management M H Ossipov Pain Pathways: Descending Modulation Pain: Central 349 J Boivie Pain: Neuroimaging R C Coghill L E Heuer, S J Mathew, and D S Charney G M Sullivan Parasitic Diseases: Nervous System Effects K Leder and P F Weller M W Mahowald, M A Cramer Bornemann, and C H Schenck Parasympathetic Nervous System Parietal Cortex and Spaţial Attention 393 409 Panic Disorder as an Emoţional Disorder Parasomnias 385 401 PANDAS (Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections) P J Hoekstra, R B Minderaa, and C G M Kallenberg Panic Disorder 371 J B Furness M E Goldberg 415 421 427 435 441 445 447 Ixxvi i i Table of Contents Parkinsonian Syndromes C Schwarz and C Henchcliffe 453 Parkinson's Disease: Alpha-Synuclein and Neurodegeneration Paroxysmal Paralysis M Salajegheh and A A Amato Paroxysmal Sympathetic Storms Pattern Generation E E Benarroch 481 487 G Casini and D Cervia Perception and Eye Movements 495 L S Stone, B R Beutter, M P Eckstein, and D B Liston Perception of Surfaces and Forms D Purves Perceptual Learning and Sensory Plasticity 523 W Li and C D Gilbert 543 G Tosini, A Davidson, C Fukuhara, and K N Paul Peripheral Nerve Regeneration: An Overview P M Richardson 561 M W Brown and M Eldridge Peroxisomal Disorders and Neurological Disease N Braverman and F Eichler Peroxisomes: Organization and Transport in Neurons Pharmacology of Fear Extinction N Rayapuram and S Subramani M Davis and K M Myers Pharmacology of Sleep: Adenosine Pheromones and other Chemical Communication in Animals Pheromones in Mammals M K McCIintock Photoperiodic Regulation of Reproductive Cycles Photoreceptor Adaptation G C R Ellis-Davies E Bittman Photoreceptors: Physiology S N Peirson and R G Foster 669 687 YJin 693 701 J Juranek and K Mukherjee 707 R J Reiter and D-X Tan Pituitary Gland (Cell Types, Mediators, Development) 713 G V Childs Plasticity, and Activity-Dependent Regulation of Gene Expression Plasticity of Intrinsic Excitability 639 677 C G Gross Pineal Gland and Melatonin 617 661 J B Hurley Piccolo and Bassoon 611 657 D-G Luo, C-Y Su, and K-W Yau PHR(Pam/Highwire/RPM-1) 601 645 H Hofer, J Carroll, and D R Williams Photoreceptors and Circadian Clocks 589 633 G L Fain Photoreceptor Mosaic 579 625 A Ohman Photolysis of Caged Glutamate for Use in the CNS Phototransduction T Wyatt C J Wysocki and G Preti Phobia and Human Evolution 565 595 R Basheer, J T McKenna, and R W McCarley Pheromones in Humans and Social Chemosignals 551 557 G W Van Hoesen and A Solodkin Perirhinal Cortex: Neural Representations Phrenology 535 T T Liu, E C Wong, and R B Buxton Peripheral Circadian Oscillators 503 513 M Fahle Perceptual Learning: Neural Mechanisms Perirhinal Cortex 461 469 S Grillner Peptidergic Receptors Perfusion MRI M Goedert R Mozzachiodi and J H Byrne 719 M R Mayford 727 733 Table of Contents Pleasant Touch A B Vallbo, H Olausson, and J Wessberg 741 W J Mă and A Pouget Population Codes: Theoretic Aspects 749 A Berkowiîz Population Coding 757 W N Arnold Porphyria: Acute Intermittent 765 M Reivich Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Posterior Parietal Cortex and Arm Movement 771 A Battaglia-Mayer and R Caminiti 783 A Iriki 797 Posterior Parietal Cortex and Tool Usage and Hand Shape E Farbu Post-Polio Syndrome 803 H-C Kornau Postsynaptic Density/Architecture at Excitatory Synapses Postsynaptic Specialization Assembly 809 E Kim 817 C Sala and A El- Husseini 825 Postsynaptic Development: Neuronal Molecular Scaffolds Post-Tetanic Potentiation (PTP) Ixxix R S Zucker 833 R K Pitman Posttraumatic Stress Disorder as an Emoţional Disorder P Runnels, A S New, and D S Charney Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Neurobiology Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Overview 839 R Yehuda 847 853 Potassium Channel Regulation N G Gravagna and A B Ribera 859 Potassium Homeostasis in Glia P Kofuji and E A Newman 867 D C Bittel and M G Butler Prader-Willi Syndrome 873 T Lohrenz and P R Montague Prediction Errors in Neural Processing: Imaging in Humans E T Rolls Prefrontal Contributions to Reward Encoding Prefrontal Cortex 895 J M Fuster 905 Prefrontal Cortex: Structure and Anatomy H Barbas 909 Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Postpartum Major Depression: Chronobiology B L Parry, C J Meliska, A M Ldpez, L F Martmez, D L Sorenson, S Nowakowski, and R T Loving Premotor Areas: Medial J Tânji and E Hoshi G Rizzolatti and M Fabbri- Destro Prepulse Inhibition of Startle in Humans and Laboratory Models Presynaptic Development and Active Zones N R Swerdlow N E Z/V and C C Garner Presynaptic Development: Funcţional and Morphological Organization ETKavalali Presynaptic Inhibition S Alford and E Schwartz Presynaptic Receptor Signaling Presynaptic Regulation by Liprins 967 975 981 991 1001 M Casado and P Ascher K Miller and D Van Vactor Presynaptic: Mitochondria and Presynaptic Function 947 D Atasoy and H Teng and R S Wilkinson R D Hawkins, E R Kandel, and C H Bailey 935 957 O Shupliakov and R Fernândez-Chacon Presynaptic Events in Neuromuscular Transmission Presynaptic Facilitation 919 925 Premotor Cortex in Primates: Dorsal and Ventral Presynaptic Endosomes 885 G David 1007 1017 1025 Ixxx Table of Contents A A Ghazanfar and Y E Cohen Primate Communication: Evolution 1037 S l Perlmutter Primate Interneurons 1045 R Henson Priming 1055 Prion Diseases A Aguzzi 1065 Prion Transport S E Encalada and L S B Goldstein 1071 Procedural Learning in Animals M G Packard 1077 Procedural Learning in Humans K Foerde and R A Poldrack 1083 R D Seidler and J Ashe Procedural Learning: Cerebellum Models 1093 R E Clark and R F Thompson Procedural Learning: Classical Conditioning 1097 J D Berke Procedural Learning: Striatum 1107 R Oppenheim and C Milligan Programmed Cell Death 1117 N Ben-Jonathan and C R LaPensee Prolactin and its Neuroendocrine Control 1125 A Mochiduki, S Devnath, and K Inoue Prolactin-Releasing Peptide 1133 R Day Proopiomelanocortin 1139 Proprioception JLTaylor 1143 Prosopagnosia D Tranel and N L Denburg 1151 L Korhonen, N Putkonen, and D Lindholm Proteasome Role in Neurodegeneration Protein Folding and the Role of Chaperone Proteins in Neurodegenerative Disease PJMuchowski Psychiatric Disorders Associated with Disturbed Sleep and Circadian Rhythms E K Simon R M Twyman Psychiatric Genomics and Expression Profiling Psycholinguistics 1163 R M Twyman Psychiatric Disorders: Funcţional Genomics N B Ratner and J B Gleason Psychopharmacology of Reward and Appetite in Rats Psychophysics of Attention E M Bowman Purinergic Receptors G O Gabbard and E Poa G Leng, N Sabatier, and C Caquineau S Shipp 1193 1205 1217 1225 1233 G E Knight 1245 Purines and Purinoceptors: Molecular Biology Overview Pursuit Eye Movements 1187 1211 Psychotherapeutic Approaches to Psychiatric Disorders Pulvinar Structure and Circuitry in Primates 1167 1199 j H E Egeth Pulsatility in Neuroendocrine Systems 1157 G Burnstock U J llg 1253 1263 VOLUME 8 R Rab3 O M Schluter RabSA Interacting Molecules (RIMs) 1 P S Kaeser and C M Powell l Table of Contents Radial Glial Cells: Brain Functions Reachingand Grasping Reading P Rakic Ixxxi 15 U Castiello and A C Pierno A Pollatsek and K Rayner 23 29 Reasoning and Problem Solving: Models A K Barbey and L W Barsalou 35 Receptor Trafficking R L Stornetta and J J Zhu 45 Recognition Memory C E Stern and M E Hasselmo 49 Red Nucleus L E Miller and A R Gibson 55 Referentiality and Concepts in Animal Cognition Reflex Circuits T R Nichols Reinforcement Models A A Mongin and H K Kimelberg M Kawato Representation of Color Representation of Movement N S C Price and R T Born B J Richmond S L Clardy and J R Connor Reticular Activating System E Garcia-RHI Reticular Formation and the Brain Stern Reticulospinal System Retina: An Overview Retinal Amacrine Cells Retinal Bipolar Cells A B Scheibel 159 S A Bloomfield 171 181 N W Daw Retinal Ganglion Cells: Anatomy 187 H R L Napier and B A Link F L A F Gomes and M Cayouette D W Marshak Retinal Ganglion Cells: Receptive Fields J B Troy E A Newman / Perlman, E Weiner, and H Kolb P D Lukasiewicz E L Berson Retronasal Olfaction G Duester B Burnside and C King-Smith B P Halpern 211 219 233 255 263 Retinoic Acid Signaling and Neural Patterning Retrograde Transsynaptic Influences 203 245 Retinal Pharmacology: Inner Retinal Layers Retrograde Neurotrophic Signaling 195 225 G T Kenyon Retinomotor Movements 145 J E Dowling Retinal Development: Cell Type Specification Retinitis Pigmentosa 131 151 Retinal Development: An Overview Retinal Models 121 137 S M Wu Retinal Horizontal Cells 107 J A Buford Retinal Color Mechanisms Retinal Glia 99 115 G S Mitchell, T L Baker-Herman, D R McCrimmon, and J L Feldman Restless Leg Syndrome 81 89 G D Horwitz and T D Albright Representation of Reward 63 73 Regulation of Cell Volume in Neural Cells Respiration KZuberbuhler C Wu and W C Mobley G WDavis 269 275 283 291 297 Ixxxii Table of Contents Rett Syndrome N Sharma Reward and Learning 305 T A Stalnaker, Y Takahashi, and G Schoenbaum Reward Decision-Making P Shizgal 313 Reward Neurophysiology and Orbitofrontal Cortex E T Rolls Reward Neurophysiology and Primate Cerebral Cortex Reward Processing: Human Imaging Reward Systems: Human Reye Syndrome Rhodopsin 319 S Kobayashi 325 J P O'Doherty 335 M R Delgado 345 D A Trauner Rho GTPases and Spines 353 H Zhang 357 T P Sakmar and T Huber Ribbon Synapses 309 365 B Odermatt and L Lagnado RNA Binding Protein Methods 373 P T Buckley and J Eberwine 383 RNA Granules: Functions within Presynaptic Terminals and Postsynaptic Spines E l/l/ Khandjian, B Tournier, S Seguin, S Tremblay, P De Koninck, and L Davidovic 389 Rodent Aging 397 B Teter Rodent Behavior: Approaches L H Tecott and E J Nestler Role of NO in Neurodegeneration 407 Y-l Lee, T M Dawson, and V L Dawson 415 S Saccade-Pursuit Interactions J-J Orban de Xivry and P Lefevre 421 Saccades and Visual Search J M Findlay 429 Saccadic Eye Movements Salt Appetite L Goffart 437 R S Weisinger, D P Begg, M L Mathai, and H S Weisinger Schizophrenia: Epidemiology, Clinical Features, Course and Outcome Schizophrenia: Genetics Schwann Cell Development Schwann Cell Morphology W G Frankle R M Twyman and N Amin 463 A A Lavdas and R Matsas 475 R D Fields Schwann Cells and Plasticity of the Neuromuscular Junction 485 Z Feng and C-P Ko Seasonal Changes in Night-Length and Impact on Human Sleep Seasonal Hormonal Changes and Behavior Seasonal Timing: Neural Mechanisms Second Language Acquisition Segawa Dopa Responsive Dystonia 453 459 R Mirsky and K R Jessen Schwann Cells and Axon Relationship 445 K P WrightJr B D Goldman, C K Song, and T J Bartness 491 497 501 M A Hofman 509 P Indefrey and D J Davidson 517 M Segawa 525 Segmentation: Segmentai Boundaries, Establishment and Morphogenesis (EPH) D G Wilkinson 533 Segmentation: Spinal Cord Segmentation and A-P Somite Patterning K E Lewis, and R J Keynes 537 G M W Cook, Table of Contents Seismic and Vibrational Signals in Animals Self-Organizing Maps R Martin and K Obermayer Semantic Memory Semaphorins P M Narins, N Losin, and C E O'Connell-Rodwell 545 551 A Martin 561 J Verhaagen and R J Pasterkamp Sensation from the Face Ixxxiii 567 B J Sessle Sensorimotor Control of Manipulation 575 R S Johansson and J R Flanagan Sensorimotor Integration: Attention and the Premotor Theory K M Armstrong 583 T Moore, B Noudoost, and 595 Sensorimotor Integration: Barrels, Vibrissae and Topographic Representations Sensorimotor Integration: Models TA Woolsey FA Mussa-lvaldi and A Fishbach 601 607 Sensorimotor Plasticity and Control of Movement Following Spinal Cord Injury +D18 V R Edgerton and R R Roy 619 Sensory Aging: Chemical Senses 627 Sensory Aging: Hearing Sensory Aging: Vision Sensory Ganglia M K Pichora-Fuller and E MacDonald 635 J C Blanks and C K Dorey 641 R E Papka Sensory Re-education 657 G Lundborg and B Rosen Sensory System Specializations Sentence Comprehension Sentence Production R L Doty 669 E C Henry and K C Catania 675 M C MacDonald and R S Sussman 681 V S Ferreira 687 Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT): Neurotransmission and Neuromodulation A G Ramage Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT): Receptors T P Blackburn Serotonin (5-Hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT): CNS Pathways and Neurophysiology andR-JLiu Serotonin and the Regulation of Mammalian Circadian Rhythms andJSSprouse Serotonin-Related Psychedelic Drugs 701 G Aghajanian 715 P J Sollars, G E Pickard, M A Geyer, D E Nichols, and F X Vollenweider Sexual Behavior: Neuroendocrine Control Sexual Differentiation of the Brain 695 D Pfaff, N Vasudevan, and L-M Kow D G Zuloaga, C L Jordan, and S M Breedlove 723 731 739 745 Sexual Differentiation of the Central Nervous System R B Simerly 751 Sexual Selection and the Evolution of Animal Signals W A Searcy and S Nowicki 759 Shape Representation in Inferotemporal Cortex Shift Work and Circadian Rhythms Short Term and Working Memory L Woloszyn and D L Sheinberg T H Monk 777 B R Postle and T Pasternak Signal Design Rules in Animal Communication H C Gerhardt Signal Identification: Peripheral and Central Mechanisms Signal Production and Amplification in Birds 767 R A Suthers G Pollack and Krahe R 783 791 799 805 Ixxxiv Table of Contents Signal Transmission in Natural Environments Single Cell Electroporation R H Wiley 817 D Dunfield and K Haas Single Cell Genomic DNA Analysis 823 P B Crino Single Cell Molecular Analysis Procedures 831 T J Bell, R Sa'nchez-Alvarez, and J Eberwine Single Cell Neuronal Circadian Clocks S Honma and K-i Honma Single Cell PCR Coupled with Electrophysiology 843 T Tkatch and D J Surmeier Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) J K Staley and F Bois Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT): Technique andAAIavi Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) Analysis siRNA: Utility R M Twyman 871 877 Sleep and Sleep States: Cytokines and Neuromodulation and D M Rector Sleep and Sleep States: Gene Expression M V Vitiello 895 C Cirelli and G Tononi Sleep and Sleep States: Histamine Role 903 J J Chrobak, A Sirota, and 911 H L Haas, O Selbach, and O A Sergeeva Sleep and Sleep States: Hypothalamic Regulation P M Fuller and J Lu Sleep and Sleep States: Network Reactivation S Ribeiro and M Nicolelis Sleep and Sleep States: PET Activation Patterns S Laureys, and P Maquet T T Dang-Vu, M Desseilles, P Peigneux, Sleep and Sleep States: Phylogeny and Ontogeny N C Rattenborg J A Lesku, D Martinez-Gonzalez, and A Destexhe and T J Sejnowski 983 S P A Drummond and B S McKenna J D Minkel, S Banks, and D F Dinges L Tarokh and M A Carskadon Sleep Mentation in REM and NREM: A Neurocognitive Perspective EJWamsley 991 997 1005 M Rissling and S Ancoli-lsrael 1013 J S Antrobus and 1021 A Destexhe 1027 M Steriade Sleep Research and Sleep Medicine in Historical Perspective Sleep: Development and Circadian Control Sleep-Dependent Memory Processing 963 975 E F Pace-Schott Sleep Oscillations and PGO Waves 937 967 S C Veasey Sleep Deprivation: Neurobehavioral Changes Sleep Oscillations 929 953 C Cirelli and G Tononi Sleep Deprivation and Brain Function Sleep in Aging 919 945 Sleep and Sleep States: Thalamic Regulation Sleep in Adolescents 887 J M Krueger, L Churchill, Sleep and Sleep States: Hippocampus-Neocortex Dialog G Buzsâki Sleep Architecture 855 861 Sleep and Circadian Rhythm Disorders in Human Aging and Dementia Sleep Apnea 849 A B Newberg D M Dykxhoorn Sleep and Waking in Drosophila 837 1035 R Pelayo and C Guilleminault H C Heller and M G Frank M P Walker 1043 1049 1055 Table of Contents Ixxxv M Bentivoglio and K Kristensson Sleeping Sickness 1067 B E Jones Sleep-Wake State Regulation by Acetylcholine Sleep-Wake State Regulation by Noradrenaline and Serotonin 1075 B E Jones 1079 VOLUME 9 S A Brown Slow Axonal Transport SNAREs 1 J Rizo 11 R l M Dunbar 21 J L Marchant and C D Frith 27 Social Brain: Evolution Social Cognition P L Tyack Social Communication in Whales and Dolphins T F Heatherton and A C Krendl Social Emotion: Neuroimaging Social Interaction 31 35 J K Rilling and A G Sanfey 41 J R Stevens and Social Interaction Effects on Reward and Cognitive Abilities in Monkeys M D Hauser R Sapolsky Social Stress in Adult Primates 59 W A Catterall Sodium Channels 65 J H Kaas Somatosensory Cortex 73 R J Nelson and Y Liu Somatosensory Cortex: Funcţional Architecture Somatosensory Pathways (Ascending): Funcţional Architecture and R Noseda Somatosensory Plasticity 91 99 S S Hsiao, P J Fitzgerald, P H Thakur, P Denchev, and Somatosensory Receptive Fields TYoshioka 111 P C Emson Sonic Hedgehog and Neural Patterning Sound Localization: Neural Mechanisms Spasticity 85 C Darian-Smith Somatostatin and Receptors 121 H Roelink 129 D J Tollin and T C T Yin 137 S R Hutton and L H Pevny 145 A D Pandyan, H Hermens, and G R Johnson Spaţial Cognition 153 C L Colby Spaţial Cognition and Executive Function Spaţial Cognitive Maps 79 L Villanueva, L Monconduit, J C Craig Somatosensory Perception Sox Gene Expression 49 165 M Behrmann and S Shomstein 6 Poucet and E Save Spaţial Memory: Assessment in Animals 181 C M Bird and N Burgess Spaţial Orientation: Our Whole-Body Motion and Orientation Sense Spaţial Transformations for Eye-Hand Coordination Spectrin: Organization and Function in Neurons 173 187 D Merfeld G Blohm, A Z Khan, and J D Crawford A Das and R R Dubreuil 195 203 213 Ixxxviii Table of Contents Synaptic Plasticity: Neuronogenesis and Stern Cells in Normal Brain Aging D A Peterson Synaptic Plasticity: Short-Term Mechanisms J S Dittman and A C Kreitzer Synaptic Precursors: Filopodia E Robles, S J Smith, and M P Meyer Synaptic Transmission: Models S Raghavachari and J Lisman Synaptic Vesicle Protein-2 (SV2) Synaptic Vesicles G M Bernal and R Janz 801 SynCAMs 809 U Weiler Synaptotagmins 815 A Maximov 819 A l Fogel and T Biederer Synfire Chains Synucleins 823 l M Abeles 829 S Chandra Syringomyelia 779 l 797 B Chang-lleto and G Di Paolo Synaptosomes 773 787 S Takamori Synaptojanin 769 833 S Sgouros 839 T Tactile Coding in Peripheral Neural Populations Tactile Texture C E Chapman and A M Smith Target Selection for Pursuit and Saccades Task Switching A W Goodwin and H E Wheat 857 R J Krauzlis and L Chukoskie D W Schneider and G D Logan Taste: Vertebrate Central Pathways V B Duffy, J E Hayes, L M Bartoshuk, and D J Snyder Taste: Vertebrate Taste Bud Physiology Tay-Sachs Disease S D Roper 903 Temporal Processing in the Auditory Pathway Thalamic Mechanisms in Vision 881 895 A D Craig Terminal Differentiation: REST 875 | 887 E H Kolodny Temperature Sensation 863 869 D V Smith and J D Boughter Jr. Taste: Vertebrate Psychophysics 849 D Oertel, M J McGinley, and X-J Cao S Aigner and G W Yeo 909 921 S M Sherman 929 Thalamus and Oculomotor Control J Schlag 945 Thalamus: Evolution in Vertebrates A B Butler 955 The AIM Model of Dreaming, Sleeping, and Waking Consciousness J A Hobson 963 Thermoregulation during Sleep and Sleep Deprivation R Szymusiak 971 Thermoregulation: Autonomie, Age-Related Changes R B McDonald 977 Thirst E M Stricker 987 Thyroid Mormone and Transcriptional Regulation in the CNS Tinnitus D Forrest and J Nunez P J Jastreboff 1001 TIP39 (Tuberoinfundibular Peptide of 39 Residues) Topographic Maps: Molecular Mechanisms 993 T B Usdin and A Dobolyi A C Lin and C E Hoit 1009 1019 Table of Contents Ixxxix Torsion Dystonia X O Breakefield and D G Standaert C Winterand A Heinz Tourette Syndrome as a Neurotransmitter Disorder Tourette's Disorder 1029 V Gabbay, G S Hirsch, and B J Coffey Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Transcription and Reward Systems EJNestler 1041 M D Berry Trace Monoamines and Receptors in Mammalian CNS 1047 L B Merabet and A Pascual-Leone 1055 A Kumar, TA Green, S J Russo, W Renthal, and 1063 J Hirayama and P Sassone-Corsi Transcription Control and the Circadian Clock C M Alberini Transcription Factors in Synaptic Plasticity and Learning and Memory S L Pfaff and T Macfarlan Transcriptional Networks and the Spinal Cord Transcriptional Silencing 1035 R M Twyman 1071 1081 1093 1099 C Li 1105 D E Clapham 1109 Transgenic Models of Neurodegenerative Disease Transient Receptor Potenţial (TRP) Channels Translational Regulation at the Synapse M M Poon and K C Martin 1135 Transplantation of Myelin Forming Cells V Tepavcevie and A Baron- Van Evercooren 1141 Transport Dependent Damage Signaling V Cavalli 1153 T S Otis and P D Dodson Transporter Proteins in Neurons and Glia Trigeminal Motor System Trigeminal Neuralgia J P Lund, A Kolta, and B J Sessle 1173 J-H J Cha and K B Kegel Triune Brain Concept: A Comparative Evolutionary Perspective Tuberous Sclerosis 1167 S Love and N K Patel Triplicate Repeats: Huntington's disease A B Butler S P Sparagana and E S Roach Two-P-Domain (K2P) Potassium Channels: Leak Conductance Regulators of Excitability D Thomas and SÂN Goldstein Two-Photon Imaging 1179 1185 1195 G Bobustuc and S Baidas Tumors of the Brain and the Spinal Cord 1159 C Ricard, J A Coles, R Serduc, B van derSanden, P Verant, andJ-C Vial 1203 1207 1221 VOLUME 10 U Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and Plasticity A N Hegde 1 J N Bourne and K M Harris Ultrastructural Analysis of Spine Plasticity Ultrastructural Organization of Release Sites in the Calyx of Held T Kuner 11 19 V Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease D L Ritchie and J W Ironside Vascular Issues in Neurodegeneration and Injury and T K Mclntosh 25 L Longhi, E R Zanier, V Conte, N Stocchetti, 33 xc Table of Contents Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide and Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase Activating Peptide Receptors D E Brenneman, J M HUI, and l Goze 43 W S Young III and H Gainer Vasopressin/Oxytocin and Receptors 51 B Kotchoubey Vegetative State 61 VelociGene and VelociMouse: High-Throughput Approaches for Generating Targeted Mutations in Mice on a Genome-Wide Scale D M Valenzuela and G D Yancopoulos 67 Vergence Eye Movements C Busettini, R C Davison, and P D R Gamlin 75 Vertebrate Eyes: Evolution R D Fernald 85 Vertigo E Smouha and G Wanna 91 J B S0rensen 99 Vesicle Pools R J Reimer Vesicular Neurotransmitter Transporters C C Yap and B Winckler Vesicular Sorting to Axons and Dendrites 115 F W Mast Vestibular Influences on Cognition 121 J C Glover Vestibular System 127 B J Yates and T D Wilson Vestibulo-Autonomic Responses 133 D E Angelaki Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex 139 Vestibulospinal System and Eye-Head/Neck Movement Vibrissa Movement, Sensation and Sensorimotor Control B D Corneli and S Musallam D Kleinfeld 179 G F Gebhart 189 J M A Laird Viscero-Sensory Functions: Capsaicin 203 A Reeves Vision: Light and Dark Adaptation 211 Vision: Mechanisms of Orientation, Direction and Depth N J Priebe and D Fersîer 217 H S Scholte and VA F Lamme Vision: Surface Segmentation Visual Attention 195 M A Goodale and A D Milner Vision for Action and Perception Visual Associative Memory 227 H M Kimura, K Nakahara, and Y Miyashita 233 S Treue and S Katzner 243 B A Wandell, S O Dumoulin, and A A Brewer Visual Cortex in Humans Visual Cortex: Mapping of Funcţional Architecture Using Optical Imaging A Grinvald Visual Cortical Models of Orientation Tuning Visual Deprivation 251 D Sharon and 259 R Shapley 269 R D Freeman Visual Development Visual Motion Detection Visual Motion Models Visual Signaling in Animals 147 155 C N Cearley and J H Wolfe Viral Vectors in the CNS Visceral Pain 107 277 L M Chalupa and B Chapman 283 B K Dellen and R Wessel 291 A Borst 297 KJMcGraw Visual System Development: Invertebrates 307 P R Hiesinger and l A Meinertzhagen Visual System: Adaptive Regression and Progression in Subterranean Mammals 313 E Nevo 323 Table of Contents xci A W Roe, G Chen, and H D Lu Visual System: Funcţional Architecture of Area V2 T W Cronin and M L Porter Visual System: Invertebrates 351 D J Felleman 359 J Zeii, N Boeddeker, and J M Hemmi 369 Visual System: Multiple Visual Areas in Monkeys Visually Guided Behavior 331 Visual-Vestibular Interactions L R Harris 381 Vocal Communication in Birds J Podos and D L Moseley 389 Voltage Gated Potassium Channels: Structure and Function of Kv1 to Kv9 Subfamilies 6 Rudy, J Maffie, YAmarillo, B Clark, E M Goldberg, H-YJeong, l Kruglikov, E Kwon, M Nadal, and EZagha T P Snutch Voltage-Gated Calcium Channels Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels (Kv10-Kv12) 427 G A Robertson T Leinders-Zufall and F Zufall Vomeronasal Accessory System T D Smith and K P Bhatnagar Vomeronasal System Evolution J Ashburner and K J Friston Voxel Based Morphometry 397 443 453 461 471 W Walking in Invertebrates Wallerian Degeneration Wilson's Disease F Delcomyn S L Carroll Word Production Word Recognition 493 R M Twyman J Snedeker 497 503 R J Hartsuiker and G Vigliocco J Zevin Working Memory: Capacity Limitations Writer's Cramp 485 J A Ghika Wnt Pathway and Neural Patterning Word Learning 479 509 517 T Drew and E K Vogel M J Nirenberg 523 533 Z Zoster and Postherpetic Neuralgia Index S A Diwan and E S Rubin 539 545
