International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 3, Issue 2
April 2014
Load Regulation Using PIC Controller in Power Utilization System
Jigar D. Patel
Ashish D. Prajapati
Student of Instrumentation and control
Government Engineering College
Gandhinagar
jigarpatel4774@gmail.com
Student of Instrumentation and control
Government Engineering College
Gandhinagar
ashishprajapati.ic@gmail.com
Mayank S. Hingol
Student of Instrumentation and control
Government Engineering College
Gandhinagar
mayank.hingol@gmail.com
Abstract
This paper reviews load regulation using
transmission system to measure a active
PIC controller in power utilization system
power of industry. After measuring of the
and their application in any type of industry.
active power, which can be compare to the
Power station provides the main power to
main power limit. If active power value goes
industry and decides the power limits.
to above the main power limit, so at that
Sometime industry using a main power
time to turn off the unwanted machineries
above the decided limits so at that time
automatically. In addition, to maintain the
industry have to pay some penalty. Now a
main power limits so industry does not pay
day’s industry using a load regulation
any types of penalty. Therefore, industry
system and which is depended on the PLC.
gets the profits.
So the cost of the circuit is become a higher
and provide a high maintenance cost.
Therefore, our project aim is to reduce the
cost of circuit and maintenance using a PIC
controller
in
load
regulation
power
utilization system. The working of load
regulation using PIC controller in power
15
Jigar, Ashish, Mayank
Keywords:
AT PIC CONTROLLER, LCD DISPLAY,
DAC0808, EXTERNAL LOAD
International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 3, Issue 2
April 2014
1. INTRODUCTION
The main purpose of Manufacturing of load
In industries power station provides a main
regulation system in power utilization
power and provides a main power limit. So
system:-
industries
a) To measure the active power and
increases above the limits so at that time
compare with the main power limit
industries have to pay some penalty. So
to maintain the active power.
sometime
main
power
of
industries use a load regulation system in
b) To maintain the main power, so
power utilization system that is depended on
industry does not pay the penalty and
PLC. So the cost of the system is become a
get the profit.
higher and provide a high maintenance cost.
c) To control the external load and turn
off the unwanted machineries.
Therefore, our project works aim to develop
load
regulation
system
using
a
PIC
2. LITRETURE
controller in power utilization system to
reduce
a
cost
of
the
system
and
maintenance. Therefore, the system to
maintain the main power limit and industries
do not pay the penalty and industries get a
profit.
 CONCEPT OF LOAD
REGULATION SYSTEM
Load regulation using PIC controller in
power utilization system, the basic concept
of this system is to measure the active power
and compare with the main power limits. If
active power is greater than the main power
so at that time we can regulate the load and
to stop the unwanted machinery and to
maintain the main power limits.
 BASIC REQUIREMENTS LOAD
Figure 1.1 Overview of External Device
Interfacing
REGULATION SYSTEM
In many industries number of machine
connected
16
Jigar, Ashish, Mayank
to
means
power.
If
the
International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 3, Issue 2
April 2014
machineries start simultaneously, so at that
digital to analog converter used to convert
time main power cross to main power limits.
the analog value in to digital value.
So use of the Maximum demand of the main
power customer has to pay penalty to energy
The software demands of this project are:
distributor, so we can require the load
Software is also divided into two
regulation system in power utilization
segments:
system and to maintain the main power limit
and do not pay penalty.
1. Proteus: - For making simulation
model of project.
2. MP Lab: - For programming of
3. COMPONENT OF LOAD
project.
REGULATION SYSTEM
4. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND
The Entire load regulation system divided
PECIFICATIONS
into two segments:
1. Hardware
4.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM: -
2. Software
The hardware of this project divided into
two parts:
1.
The LCD (liquid crystal display)
interfacing
with
PIC
controller
(16F877A): The LCD is connected to PIC
controller and to display the main power
and active power value.
2.
Digital
to
analog
converter
interfacing with PIC controller: Here the
17
Jigar, Ashish, Mayank
International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 3, Issue 2
April 2014
a. BLOCK SPECIFICATIONS
 ABSOLUTE
MAXIMUM
RATING
(DAC0808) :
1.
MAINS POWER:
The main power
limits applied to the PIC controller and

to display the main power limits on the
LCD display.
2.
PIC CONTROLLER: We can use a 40pin PIC controller and the main power



To the PIC controller and to compare
connected to PIC controller to display


The block of
active power and main power. We use
the 16x2 character LCD to display the
value. The LCD interfacing circuit
denoted as below.
D TO A CONVERTER: We use a
digital to analog converter to convert
the digital value in analog value. In this
project to use a dac0808 to convert the
digital value in analog value. The DAC
(digital to analog converter) interfacing
circuit denoted as below.
Digital Input Voltage,( V5–V12) :−10 VDC to +18 VDC
Applied Output Voltage, (VO):−11 VDC to +18 VDC
Reference Current, I14
Reference Amplifier Inputs,
Power Dissipation
1000 mW

Storage Temperature Range
−65°C to +150°C
the LCD display to use a display of the
5.
VEE −18 VDC
V14,V15 respectively VCC, VEE
the power value.
LCD INTERFACING:
o
5 mA
with the main power limit. LCD
4.
VCC +18 VDC
o
and to applied.
3.
o
o
and reference voltage applied to the
controller. Measure the active power
Power Supply Voltage:-

Lead Temp. (Soldering, 10
seconds):o
Dual-In-Line Package (Plastic)
260°C
o
Dual-In-Line Package
(Ceramic) 300°
o
6. EXTERNAL LOAD: To use external
load like a bulb, heater coil, fan etc…As
an external load we can use analog and
digital input type load. Some external
load provides analog input and some
external load provides digital input. So
18
Jigar, Ashish, Mayank
International Journal of Electronics, Electrical and Computational System
IJEECS
ISSN 2348-117X
Volume 3, Issue 2
April 2014
analog input type load provide input to
PIC is again take signals of current and
the DAC (digital to analog converter)
voltage and multiply. This value is again
output and digital input type load
display and compare with power limit and
provide input to the controller output,
again external load is ON or OFF.
which can be provided by ADC (analog
to digital converter).
6. CONCLUSION
In this paper, the load regulation system
5. WORKING
using PIC controller in power utilization
system use to maintain the main power limit.
Here, Output
is
connected with
PIC
Controller via relays. External supply is
applied to the output load. According to the
output of PIC controller, relay can be open
or closed. So at that time take signals of
This projects use to reduce the maintenance
and cost of the load regulation system. With
the help of this projects it is possible to get
the profit of the industries and do not pay
the penalty.
current and voltage of external supply and
convert it into 0-5 V. This 0-5 V is applies
to ADC of the PIC controller. Here, PIC
take samples of current and voltage signals
7. REFERENCES:
[1] Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Rolin
at instant time. These signals are multiply
D.Mckinlay, Danny Causey ‘PIC
and get the value of power of external output
Microcontroller and embedded system’
load. These powers of external load,
[2] http://www.national.com/pdfs/dac0808
condition of external load (ON/OFF), power
datasheet.pdf.
limit are display in LCD. Now power of
[3] http://www.microchip.com
external load is compare with power limit
[4] Dr. Amer Iqbal ‘Teach yourself PIC
which is previously set by the user. If power
of external load is greater than power limit,
according to priority external load is ON or
OFF using relay. Again measure the power
of external load and sent it to PIC controller.
19
Jigar, Ashish, Mayank
microcontrollers’,
[5] http://www.theengineeringprojects.com