TECHNICAL
MANUAL
1
VENTILATED
FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
2
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
CONTENTS
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
3
VENTILATED FAÇADE COUPLING TYPOLOGIES
4
Exposed coupling system
4
Concealed coupling system
4
STANDARD DISTANCES OF FAÇADE SYSTEMS
5
Distance for system with exposed coupling
5
Distance for system with concealed coupling
5
LOAD BEARING STRUCTURES
5
CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPOLOGIES OF LOAD BEARING STRUCTURES
6
Load bearing structure type IT-KL - with exposed coupling
6
Load bearing structure type IT-M - with exposed coupling
8
Load bearing structure type IT-Q - with exposed coupling
10
Load bearing structure type IT-S - with concealed coupling
12
Load bearing structure type IT-SR - with concealed coupling
14
Load bearing structure type IT-GE - with concealed coupling
16
DESIGN
19
Architectural drawing
19
Structural drawing
19
Slab chart
19
Static test report
19
Example of architectural drawing
20
Example of structural drawing
20
Example of structural drawing
21
Example of structural drawing details
22
LAYING THE VENTILATED FACADE
23
Bom of system to be laid
23
Tracing the grid
24
Mounting the brackets
24
Mounting the upright profiles
25
Mounting the insulating panel
26
Mounting the cladding slabs
26
TECHNICAL DETAILS
29
3
SYSTEM COMPONENTS
A. Masonry support layer
B. Insulation layer
C. Ventilation layer
D. Load bearing structure
E. External facing (or cladding)
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
4
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
VENTILATED FAÇADE COUPLING TYPOLOGIES
One of the main differences distinguishing ventilated façades is the type of coupling used to fix the cladding (porcelainized Grès slabs, full body or glaze). The coupling is known in jargon as exposed or concealed. The specific techniques are
illustrated below:
EXPOSED COUPLING SYSTEM
Coupling system with clips:
carried out with fixing clips connected to the load bearing structure and positioned at every
intersection of the cladding slabs, supporting the cladding slabs.
CONCEALED COUPLING
Keil type coupling system:
carried out by means of a work process on the back of the slabs consisting of a special truncated-cone, non-through hole and the subsequent insertion of a special KEIL type anchoring to
which the cramps are fixed that couple cladding and substructure.
5
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
STANDARD DISTANCES OF FAÇADE SYSTEMS
DISTANCE FOR EXPOSED COUPLING SYSTEM
For the exposed coupling system, variation is from a minimum of 110 mm to a maximum of 150 mm.
DISTANCE FOR CONCEALED COUPLING SYSTEM
For the concealed coupling system, variation is from a minimum of 130 mm to a maximum of 160 mm.
LOAD BEARING STRUCTURES
The structure consists of profiles and brackets in extruded aluminium alloy 6063-T6 corresponding to standards UNI
EN 1090 3-:2008 and DIN 18516, with a minimum thickness of 2 mm as explicitly demanded by the same standards. The
structure is bonded to the support with special devices suitable for absorbing heat expansion/shrinking and small movements of the support without the cladding suffering from induced stresses.
Safety of the whole system must be guaranteed through a case by case verification on the basis of the following regulations in force:
• EUROCODE 1 ( UNI EN 1991-1-1:2004), DIN 1055 (loads on structures);
• UNI 11018-2003 (design of ventilated façades);
• UNI EN 1090-3:2008, UNI EN 1999-1-1:2007 – EUROCODE 9, (design and calculation for aluminium structures);
• UNI EN 1993-1-4:2007 – EUROCODE 3 (calculation and testing for stainless steel structures).
6
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
CHARACTERISTICS AND TYPOLOGIES
OF LOAD BEARING STRUCTURES
LOAD BEARING STRUCTURE TYPE IT-KL - WITH EXPOSED COUPLING
7
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM
Fixing on existing support of L-section brackets by means of plugs suitably sized and adapted to the type of support.
Fixing of T-section profiles to the brackets by means of rivets, with “fixed point” and “sliding point” as per the executive
design.
Fixing of special plate in pre-painted STAINLESS steel complete with clips in STAINLESS steel AISI 316 for fixing the
cladding slabs.
The clips may be of a colour similar to the cladding.
The plate is complete with gaskets in EPDM with anti-vibration function for the cladding.
The system thus composed has a gap between the cladding slabs of 8 mm.
BOM OF THE SYSTEM
Featuring exposed coupling of the cladding, the system consists of:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Uprights: T-section (black, anodised);
Brackets: L-section anchorage complete with prefixing holding spring;
Plugs: anchorage suitable for the support;
Rivets: normalised for fixing uprights to brackets;
Rivets: normalised for fixing plates to uprights;
Plate: in STAINLESS steel complete with coloured clips and gaskets.
Detail: AXONOMETRY
Detail: VERTICAL SECTION
Detail: HORIZONTAL SECTION
Detail: EXPLODED
8
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
LOAD BEARING STRUCTURE TYPE IT-M - WITH EXPOSED COUPLING
9
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM
Fixing on existing support of L-section brackets by means of plugs suitably sized and adapted to the type of support.
Fixing of special section profiles to the brackets by means of rivets, with “fixed point” and “sliding point” as per the executive design.
In the upright profile there are grooves for housing self-positioning spacers and clips in STAINLESS steel AISI 316 for
fixing the cladding slabs. For slabs in format 120x60 cm laid horizontally an intermediate upright is envisaged with related
fixing clips.
The clips may be of a colour similar to the cladding.
The system is complete with gaskets in EPDM with anti-vibration function.
The system thus composed may have a gap between the cladding slabs of 4 or 8 mm.
BOM OF THE SYSTEM
Featuring exposed coupling of the cladding, the system consists of:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Uprights: T-section (with possibility of black anodization);
Brackets: L-section anchorage complete with prefixing holding spring;
Plugs: anchorage suitable for the support;
Rivets: normalised for fixing uprights to brackets;
Rivets: normalised for fixing clips to uprights;
Clips: coloured, in STAINLESS steel AISI 316;
Spacers: 4/8 mm;
Gaskets: anti-vibration.
Detail: AXONOMETRY
Detail: VERTICAL SECTION
Detail: HORIZONTAL SECTION
Detail: EXPLODED
10
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
LOAD BEARING STRUCTURE TYPE IT-Q - WITH EXPOSED COUPLING
11
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM
Fixing on existing support of U-section brackets by means of plugs suitably sized and adapted to the type of support.
Fixing of special “Ω-omega” section profile to the brackets by means of rivets, with “fixed point” and “sliding point” as per
the executive design.
In the upright profile there are grooves for housing self-positioning spacers and clips in STAINLESS steel AISI 316 for
fixing the cladding slabs.
The system is complete with gaskets in EPDM with anti-vibration function.
The system thus composed may have a gap between the cladding slabs of 4 or 8 mm.
BOM OF THE SYSTEM
Featuring exposed coupling of the cladding, the system consists of:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Uprights: “Ω-omega” section (with possibility of black anodization);
Brackets: U-section anchorage;
Plugs: anchorage suitable for the support;
Rivets: normalised for fixing uprights to brackets;
Rivets: normalised for fixing clips to uprights;
Clips: coloured, in STAINLESS steel AISI 316;
Spacers: 4/8 mm;
Gaskets: anti-vibration.
Detail: AXONOMETRY
Detail: VERTICAL SECTION
Detail: HORIZONTAL SECTION
Detail: EXPLODED
12
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
LOAD BEARING STRUCTURE TYPE IT-S – WITH CONCEALED COUPLING
13
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM
Fixing on existing support of L-section brackets by means of plugs suitably sized and adapted to the type of support.
Fixing of T-section upright profile to the brackets by means of rivets, with “fixed point” and “sliding point” as per the
executive design.
Riveting on upright profiles of slotted horizontal stringer profiles, shaped in such a way that stresses due to the action of
the wind will be axial to the cramps.
Application on cladding slabs of anchoring cramps in aluminium by means of special expansion plug in STAINLESS steel
(see KEIL).
Laying of the slabs thus assembled on the slotted horizontal stringers.
By means of millimetric adjustment screws the system offers the possibility of variable gaps.
BOM OF THE SYSTEM
Featuring concealed coupling of the cladding, the system consists of:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Uprights: T-section;
Brackets: L-section anchorage complete with prefixing spring;
Plugs: anchorage suitable for the support;
Rivets: normalised for fixing uprights to brackets;
Stringers: horizontal, slotted, in special section to accommodate by anti-flip-over interlock the cramps applied on the back of the cladding;
Rivets: normalised for fixing stringers to uprights;
Cramps: anchoring, millimetric adjustment with locking and adjustment screw;
Cramps: simple anchoring type;
Gaskets: in neoprene to apply between anchoring cramp and cladding slab.
Detail: AXONOMETRY
Detail: VERTICAL SECTION
Detail: HORIZONTAL SECTION
Detail: EXPLODED
14
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
LOAD BEARING STRUCTURE TYPE IT-SR - WITH CONCEALED COUPLING
15
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM
Fixing on existing support of U-section brackets in aluminium alloy by a system of tangential adjustment through rotation
and alignment of the box-section upright.
Fixing of box-section profile to the brackets by means of round headed rivets, with “fixed point” and “sliding point” as per
the executive design.
In the upright profile there are grooves for housing self-positioning spacers and clips in STAINLESS steel AISI 316 for
fixing the cladding slabs.
Fixing by rivets on upright profiles of the slotted horizontal stringers, shaped in such a way that stresses due to the action
of the wind will be axial to the cramps.
Application of anchoring cramps in aluminium with special expansion plug in STAINLESS steel which is inserted into the
truncated-cone hole on the back of the slabs or panels.
Laying of the slabs thus assembled on the slotted horizontal stringers.
With millimetric adjustment screws, the system provides for obtaining variable gaps.
The slabs are blocked from sideways sliding by a removable locking system.
BOM OF THE SYSTEM
Featuring concealed coupling of the cladding, the system consists of:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Uprights: box-section in aluminium alloy;
Brackets: U-section anchorage in aluminium alloy;
Plugs: anchorage suitable for the support;
Rivets: normalised for fixing uprights to brackets;
Stringers: horizontal, slotted, aluminium alloy in special section to accommodate by anti-flip-over interlock the cramps applied on the back of the cladding;
Rivets: normalised for fixing stringers to uprights;
Cramps: anchoring, millimetric adjustment with locking and adjustment screw;
Cramps: simple anchoring type;
Gaskets: in neoprene to apply between anchoring cramp and cladding slab.
Detail: AXONOMETRY
Detail: VERTICAL SECTION
Detail: HORIZONTAL SECTION
Detail: EXPLODED
16
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
LOAD BEARING STRUCTURE TYPE IT-GE - WITH CONCEALED COUPLING
DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM
The system consists of:
- anchorage to the wall;
- substructure formed by profiles in aluminium
EN AW- 6060 worked and pre-assembled with
the cladding slabs, consisting of:
- three-lobed interlocking plugs;
- housing guide.
ANCHORAGE TO THE WALL
This is a certificated anchorage specially designed for ventilated façades. It responds brilliantly to the needs of application on any filler
support, including low consistency ones such
as gas beton block or holed bricks, even without
rendering. Certificated resistance is around 230
Kg for each anchorage. So it’s really easy for the
designer to set even differentiated resistances.
For example, to combat wind stresses, which
are notoriously accentuated on the high peripheries of the clad elevation, anchorages can
be added that satisfy the severest requirements
of admissible load.
17
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
ANCHORAGE OF THE SUBSTRUCTURE TO
THE SLAB
The slabs chosen by the designer are prepared,
i.e. equipped with slotted holes and ellipsoid
undercuts to house the bayonet insert. Rotation of the insert by 90° locks the element in
the slab. The three-lobed self-tapping screw
fixes the aluminium substructure to the slab,
without the latter being stressed by expansion
of various kinds. The elastic structural adhesive
reconstructs the hole and during the tightening
phase flows into special channels on the profile
support surface. After polymerisation an elastic
diaphragm is created which gives the finished
piece high resistance and compatibility of the
various assembled elements.
MANAGEMENT OF DIFFERENT FORMATS
The substructure is designed and manufactured industrially and in a subsequent production
phase is pre-assembled with the cladding slab
which may be of any format. Through the use of
sophisticated software, mathematical models
can be devised for the creation of pre-assembled slabs of different format and reciprocally
compatible. So a guided laying can be created,
e.g.: 30x60 slabs coupled with 60x120 slabs positioned vertically or horizontally. The designer
also has the faculty of positioning the lay while
the work is under way.
18
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
ADJUSTMENT ON FOUR MAIN AXES
DURING LAYING
The full range of adjustments on four main axes
means great flexibility during laying. The size of
the ventilated chamber can be varied more than
20 cm while work is underway. For example, if
you want to exploit the ventilation chamber as
a technical space for housing plant, pipes etc..
The fourth axis serves for inclination of the
slabs and is highly useful if, for example, the designer envisages the “prismatic” effect, setting
out from a flat curtain wall. The infinite plays of
light and related bas-reliefs possible offer free
rein to the boldest creativity The façade (curtain
wall) need not be prepared: the system can also
be mounted directly on holed bricks, without
rendering. Perfect complanation is achieved by
exploiting the micro-adjustments on four axes,
with a considerable saving in terms of preparation costs.
THE CLOSED JOINT
The substructure in aluminium consists of wide
areas of overlap which, as well as functioning
as guides for facilitating laying, have top quality practical and qualitative functions, thanks to
special work processes carried out with work
centres. The closed joint prevents the intrusion
of rainwater and insects and gives the ventilated chamber the property of continuity. Airflows
are therefore controllable in both summer and
winter. In winter, due to the thermal differential
between chamber and external temperatures,
consequent ventilation is highly important to
combat any type of condensation that may form
in extreme situations, notwithstanding the thermo-hygroscopic calculations.
19
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
DESIGN
Technical staff draw up the executive architectonic and structural drawing on the basis of a drawing in AUTOCAD format
(.dwg) supplied by the customer. Subsequently, on the basis of the architectonic executive drawing, a slab chart is developed and, lastly, the static test report of the ventilated façade system is drawn up.
ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
Study of all the facades to be clad as per your drawing supplied in format .dwg (plans, elevations and sections); drawing
of the rational modulation of the facades, with sizing of the modules relating to the selected cladding; choice of architectonic definition of window soffits, lower and upper façade closure and solution for connecting all corners.
STRUCTURAL DRAWING
Drawing and technical description of the project with diagram of the structure, façade by façade, showing positioning of
all the components (brackets with related “fixed points” and “sliding points”, profiles etc.); therefore a structural table
for each façade indicating the positioning of the structural elements; detailed table with structural definition of window
soffits, lower and upper façade closure and solution for connecting all corners.
SLAB CHART
Slab Chart with definition of all work processes to be carried out on the slabs.
STATIC TEST REPORT
Static test report on the façade system in accordance with the regulations in force for Ventilated Facades.
20
EXAMPLE OF ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
21
EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURAL DRAWING
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
22
EXAMPLE OF STRUCTURAL DRAWING DETAILS
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
23
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
LAYING THE VENTILATED FAÇADE
BOM OF SYSTEM TO BE LAID
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Vertical profiles
L-brackets – large
Copper tang
Mechanical plugs
Rivets
Starting clip
Starting clip rivets
Gap clip
Spacer 4/8 mm
EPDM
2.a L-brackets - small
24
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
TRACING THE GRID
The first operation is to define the point of departure 0.00 (usually at the bottom) and subsequently trace out the vertical
(Y) and horizontal (X) reference axes for each façade to be clad, on the basis of the executive drawing.
HORIZONTAL AXIS (X)
VERTICAL AXIS (Y)
MOUNTING THE BRACKETS
Position the brackets (components 2 and 2.a) in correspondence to the intersections created by tracing the grid and fix
them to the masonry support with the mechanical plugs supplied (component 4).
25
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
MOUNTING THE UPRIGHT PROFILES
Fix the upright profiles to the brackets previously fixed to the masonry support.
FIXING THE PROFILES WITH A SEALING COPPER TANG
The profiles are fixed to the brackets, as first fixing, with a sealing copper tang (component 3).
FIXING THE PROFILES WITH FIXED AND SLIDING POINTS
Subsequently the upright profiles are fixed to the brackets, also by means of the FIXED POINTS, created with insertion of
a rivet in the circular slot of the bracket, and the SLIDING POINTS, created with insertion of a rivet in the elongated slot
of the bracket.
FIXED
POINT
SLIDING
POINT
It is good practice to maintain a distance of at least 1 cm between two consecutive vertical upright profiles to obviate the
problem of heat expansion.
26
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
MOUNTING THE INSULATION PANEL
Mounting between the upright profiles of the insulating panel selected with the customer in accordance with the specific
technical features dictated by the heating engineer.
MOUNTING THE CLADDING SLABS
The cladding slabs are mounted by starting installation from the bottom upwards.
INSTALLATION OF THE STARTING CLIPS
Fix the starting clips (component 6) by drilling a hole in the vertical upright profile and fixing the clips with rivets (component 7). The starting clip must protrude slightly downwards with regard to the vertical profile in order to conceal the latter.
27
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
EPDM INSTALLATION
Mounting on the upright vertical profiles of EPDM (ethylene propylene-diene monomer) which is a type of synthetic rubber (or elastomer). It has the function of reducing the vibrations produced by the cladding slab, thus avoiding that the
latter should shift or emit noise.
Application from the intersection of the slabs, therefore immediately after the clips, a strip of EPDM (component 10) of
around 10-15 cm long.
INSTALLATION OF THE GAP CLIPS
Mounting on the vertical upright profiles of the gap clips, inserting the slab in the starting clip (component 6). Insert the gap
clip (component 8) in the groove of the vertical upright profile, turned 90° with regard to its final position.
NB: the vertical gap must be positioned in correspondence to the centre line of the vertical profiles (component 1).
The operation is repeated, installing by progressive horizontal courses, from bottom to top.
28
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
GAP ADJUSTMENT
Gap adjustment, as per the measurement chosen and drawn in the executive plan, is carried out with a gap spacer which,
passed through the gap, renders it homogeneous.
NB
It is important that a slab be anchored to only one vertical profile per side and never to two consecutive vertical profiles,
this to avoid expansion of the aluminium structure which might lead to breakage of the slab.
29
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
TECHNICAL DETAILS
COMPONENTS:
1. Upright profile
2. L-bracket
3. Plug
4. Rivet TL
5. Grès cladding slab
6. Gap plate
7. Base plate
8. Rivet
9. EPDM
10. Micro-perforated flashing
11. Cover flashing
VERTICAL SECTION TYPE
30
VENTILATED FAÇADE
IMOLA TECNICA
HORIZONTAL SECTION OF A GRES SOFFIT
COMPONENTS:
1. Upright profile
2. L-bracket
3. Plug
4. Rivet TL
5. Gap plate
6. Rivet
7. Grès cladding slab
8. EPDM
HORIZONTAL SECTION OF A SHEET METAL SOFFIT
COMPONENTS:
1. Upright profile
2. L-bracket
3. Plug
4. Rivet TL
5. Gap plate
6. Rivet
7. Grès cladding slab
8. Sheet metal
9. EPDM
Cooperativa Ceramica d’Imola S.c.
Via V. Veneto, 13
40026 Imola BO, Italia
Tel. +39 0542 601601
Fax +39 0542 31749
www.beeitalian.it
www.imolatecnica.it