‫دا ‪
7‬م ‪6‬ورز‬
‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﻏﻼت‬
‫ﺳﺎل ﺳﻮم‪ /‬ﺷﻤﺎره ﭼﻬﺎرم‪(291-305) 1392 /‬‬
‫اﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻜﻤﻞﻫﺎي ﻛﻮد آﻟﻲ ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ‪ ،‬اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت‬
‫ﻛﻴﻔﻲ دو رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ )‪(Oryza sativa L.‬‬
‫ﻣﺤﺒﻮﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﺷﻮري‪ ،1‬ﻣﺴﻌﻮد اﺻﻔﻬﺎﻧﻲ‪ ،*2‬ﺷﺎﭘﻮر ﻋﺒﺪاﻟﻠﻬﻲ‪3‬و ﺑﺎﺑﻚ رﺑﻴﻌﻲ‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪ 2 ،1‬و ‪ -4‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ داﻧﺸﺠﻮي ﺳﺎﺑﻖ ﻛﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ارﺷﺪ‪ ،‬داﻧﺸﻴﺎر و اﺳﺘﺎد داﻧﺸﻜﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم ﻛﺸﺎورزي داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻴﻼن‪،‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮕﺮ ﻣﻮﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻛﺸﻮر‬
‫)ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ درﻳﺎﻓﺖ‪ -1392/1/20 :‬ﺗﺎرﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮش‪(1392/7/22 :‬‬
‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪه‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ اﺛﺮ ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ ﻣﻜﻤﻞﻫﺎي ﻛﻮد آﻟﻲ )آﻣﻴﻨﻮل ﻓﻮرﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻨﻮﺗﺮن و ﻛﺎدوﺳﺘﻴﻢ( ﺑﺮ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد و‬
‫ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻛﻴﻔﻲ دو رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ‪ ،‬آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻣﺰرﻋﻪاي ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮرﻳﻞ در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﺑﻠﻮكﻫﺎي ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﻲ ﺑﺎ ‪ 10‬ﺗﻴﻤﺎر و ﺳﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻜﺮار در ﺳﺎل ‪ 1388‬در ﻣﺆﺳﺴﻪ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎت ﺑﺮﻧﺞ ﻛﺸﻮر اﺟﺮا ﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻛﻮدي ]‪ -1‬ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻛﻮد‬
‫ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ‪ -2 ،‬ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ‪ +‬ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻛﻮد آﻟﻲ )آﻣﻴﻨﻮلﻓﻮرﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻓﺴﻨﻮﺗﺮن و‬
‫ﻛﺎدوﺳﺘﻴﻢ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻳﻚ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﺤﻠﻮلﭘﺎﺷﻲ روي ﺑﺮگ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ در ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﭘﻨﺠﻪزﻧﻲ‪ ،‬آﺑﺴﺘﻨﻲ و ﺷﻴﺮي ﺷﺪن‬
‫داﻧﻪﻫﺎ(‪ -3 ،‬ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ ‪ 50‬درﺻﺪ ‪ +‬ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻛﻮد آﻟﻲ‪ -4 ،‬ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮع ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻛﻮد آﻟﻲ و ‪ -5‬ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺷﺎﻫﺪ‬
‫)ﺑﺪون ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻮدﻫﺎي ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ و ﻣﻜﻤﻞﻫﺎي آﻟﻲ([ و دو رﻗﻢ ﺑﺮﻧﺞ )ﺧﺰر و ﻫﺎﺷﻤﻲ( ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرد اﻧﺪازهﮔﻴﺮي ﺷﺎﻣﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ و اﺟﺰاي ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد‪ ،‬ﺻﻔﺎت ﻣﻮرﻓﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻚ‪ ،‬ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺎت ﻛﻴﻔﻲ داﻧﻪ و ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﻛﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي آزﻣﺎﻳﺸﻲ داراي اﺛﺮ ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﺮ درﺻﺪ ﺑﺎروري ﭘﻨﺠﻪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪاد داﻧﻪ ﭘﺮ در ﺧﻮﺷﻪ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ و وزن ﻫﺰار داﻧﻪ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ و ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ‪ +‬ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻛﻮد آﻟﻲ از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ ﺑﺮ ﺻﻔﺎت ﻳﺎد ﺷﺪه ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻣﻌﻨﻲداري ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺪاﺷﺘﻨﺪ و ﻛﻤﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ اﻳﻦ ﺻﻔﺎت ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ از ﺗﻴﻤﺎرﻫﺎي ﺳﻪ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻛﻮد آﻟﻲ و ﺷﺎﻫﺪ )ﺑﺪون ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻮد( ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ‬
‫آﻣﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰان ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ )‪ 5371‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم در ﻫﻜﺘﺎر( ﻧﻴﺰ از ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ‪ +‬ﺳﻪ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻛﻮد آﻟﻲ ﺣﺎﺻﻞ ﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ﺳﻪ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻛﻮد آﻟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ‪ 48/3‬درﺻﺪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮداﺷﺖ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن و ﺗﻴﻤﺎر ‪ 50‬درﺻﺪ ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ‪+‬‬
‫ﺳﻪ ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻛﻮد آﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ‪ 26/4‬ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﺮ ﻛﻴﻠﻮﮔﺮم ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﺟﺬب ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن را داﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ اﻳﻦ آزﻣﺎﻳﺶ ﻧﺸﺎن‬
‫داد ﻛﻪ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻣﻜﻤﻞﻫﺎي ﻛﻮد آﻟﻲ‪ ،‬ﻋﻼوه ﺑﺮ ﺻﺮﻓﻪﺟﻮﻳﻲ در ﻣﺼﺮف ﻛﻮد ﺷﻴﻤﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﻳﺶ ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﺟﺬب آن‬
‫ﻣﻲﺷﻮد‪.‬‬
‫واژهﻫﺎي ﻛﻠﻴﺪي‪ :‬آﻣﻴﻠﻮز‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺞ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮد داﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﻣﺼﺮف ﻧﻴﺘﺮوژن‪ ،‬ﻣﻜﻤﻞ ﻛﻮد آﻟﻲ‬
‫* ﻧﻮﻳﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل‪mesfahan@yahoo.com :‬‬
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Figure 1. Interaction of fertilizer treatments × cultivar on No. filled grain. panicle-1 of two rice
cultivars in fertilizer treatments (B1= Complete chemical fertilizer; B2= Chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer
complements; B3= RIFKHPLFDOIHUWLOL]HURUJDQLFIHUWLOL]HUFRPSOHPHQWVB
RIFKHPLFDOIHUWLOL]HURUJDQLFIHUWLOL]HUFRP
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Table 5. Analysis of variance for grain quality properties in rice (cv.Khazar and Hashemi) in treatments
of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizer complements
Mean square Q#V#
S.O.V
@ 2
#@1#
?<.pP#
d.f
2
1
4
4
18
Amylose content
0. 64969
5. 90520jj
0. 75038j
GT
0. 18433
0. 00300ns
0. 06866ns
0. 03133ns
0. 04655
5.1
rn.#
Replication
3
Rice cultivar (A)
+AF,8
Fertilizer treatments (B) +BF $0
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+A×BF 9-#R
Error
W:#@BL
CV (%)
r6:o
0. 02355ns
0. 21218
1.9
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5
Grain elongation
0. 01174333
0. 00408333ns
0. 03961333ns
3. 7547117ns
0. 05512111
15.6
M‰'‰KG0-IAB"<.Q#<.Q#i6 ]jjjns
ns, * and **: Non-significant and significant at 5% and 1 % probability levels, respectively.
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23
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22.6
22.4
22
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B2
B3
B4
B5
1LKhazar
Fertilizer treatment !>
a
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Amylose (%) B
Amylose (%) B
24.0
<0?$Hashemi
Rice cultivar &$'(
,8 #@1#V# !:#D*9?
M<7@
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M,8 #@1#
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Figure 2. Effect of fertilizer treatments on grain amylose
content of two rice cultivars (B1= Complete chemical
fertilizer; B2= Chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer
complements; B3= 50% of chemical fertilizer +
organic fertilizer complements; B4= Organic fertilizer
complements; B5= Control).
Figure 2. Mean comparison of amylose content in
Khazar and Hashemi cultivars in treatments of
chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizer
complements.
<7@
$90#<:0?
$0<0?$1L,8P-O=#$
90#<:0?
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<:@}:
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Table 6. Analysis of variance for Nitrogen use efficiency in rice (cv.Khazar
.Khazar and Hashemi) in treatments of
chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizer complements
Q#V#
Q#V#
Mean
square
Mean square
2 P-S?UL?
2
P-YZ2<:@
Source of Variation
rn.#
@
@
Nitrogen index
Nitrogen uptake
Replication
Rice cultivar (A)
Fertilizer treatments (B)
Interaction (A×B)
Error
CV (%)
3
+AF,8
+BF $0
+A×BF 9-#R
<:#@BL
r6:o
efficiency
0.3735979
d.f
2
481.7856576
1
9.3585801
4
65.3168569
2
66.7508061
4
8.0450655
2
2.2370474
18
1.5605950
10
0.4143347
d.f
2
1
harvest
2.8
1.4804181
2.9
M‰'‰KG0-IAB"<.Q#<.Q#i6 ]jjjns
, and : Non-significant and significant at 5% and 1 % probability levels, respectively.
ns *
**
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P-$<:@
V# !:#D`G2
Table 7. Mean comparison of nitrogen use efficiency in rice (cv.Khazar and Hashemi) in treatments of
chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizer complements
Rice cultivar
P-YZ2<:@
P-S?UL?
,8
Nitrogen harvest
Index (%)
1L
<0?$
41.1b
49.1a
Khazar
Hashemi
Fertilizer treatments
P-S?UL?
Nitrogen uptake
efficiency (kg.kg-1)
21.9b
23.3a
P-YZ2<:@
Nitrogen uptake
efficiency (kg.kg-1)
20.3b
$0
Nitrogen harvest
Index (%)
Complete chemical fertilizer (B1)
+B1F9#<:0?
40.1c
Chemical fertilizer + organic
fertilizer complements ( B2)
90# "T9#<:0?
+B2F<7@
44.0b
50% chemical fertilizer + organic
fertilizer complements (B3)
"T<:0?
;K>
+B3F<7@
90#
45.3b
Organic fertilizer complements
(B4)
Control (B5)
+B4F<7@
90# "
48.3a
-
+B5F+
O=#F$?
47.8a
-
G0-I AB" <.Q# N # OI $V#
M‰K
Means followed by similar letter are not
significantly different at 5% probability level.
21.0b
26.4a
G0-I AB" <.Q# N # OI $V#
M‰K
Means followed by similar letter are not
significantly different at 5% probability level. $0<0?$1L,8P-YZ2<:@
P-S?UL?,8ƒ
$09-#RH gG2
<7@
$90#
<:0?
Table 8. Interaction of fertilizer treatments × cultivar on Nitrogen harvest index and nitrogen uptake efficiency in rice
(cv.Khazar and Hashemi) in chemical fertilizer treatments and organic fertilizer complements
S?UL?
P-YZ2<:@
P-
Nitrogen uptake
efficiency
Nitrogen
$0
harvest Index
Fertilizer treatments
(kg.kg-1)
Khazar × complete chemical fertilizers
(A1B1)
Khazar × complete chemical fertilizers
& organic fertilizer complements (A1B2)
Khazar × 50% chemical fertilizers &
organic fertilizer complements ( A1B3)
Khazar × organic fertilizer complements
( A1B4)
Khazar × control (A1B5)
Hashemi × complete chemical fertilizers
(A2B1)
Hashemi × complete chemical fertilizers
& organic fertilizer complements (A2B2)
Hashemi × 50% chemical fertilizers &
organic fertilizer complements (A2B3)
Hashemi × organic fertilizer
complements (A2B4)
Hashemi × control (A2B5)
+A1B1F9#<:0?
ƒ1L
37.3d
20.0d
39.5d
20.4d
+A1B3 F
42.5c
25.2b
+A1B4F<7@
90# "ƒ1L
43.8c
-
+A1B5F
O=#ƒ1L
42.4c
-
+A2B1F9#<:0?
ƒ<0?$
42.9c
20.6d
+<7@
90# "T9#<:0?
Fƒ1L
+A1B2F
+<7@
90# "T<:0?
;K>Fƒ1L
+<7@
90# "T9#<:0?
Fƒ<0?$
+A2B2F
48.6b
21.7c
90# "T<:0?
;K>Fƒ<0?$
+A2B3F+<7@
48.2b
27.6a
+A2B4F<7@
90# "ƒ<0?$
52.8a
-
+A2B5F
O=#ƒ<0?$
53.2a
-
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305
Cereal Research, Vol. 3, No. 4, 2014 (291-305)
Effect of foliar application of organic fertilizer complements on grain yield,
yield components and quality in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars
Mahboobeh Ashoori1, Masoud Esfahani2*, Shapour Abdollahi3 and Babak Rabiei4
1, 2 and 4. Former M.Sc. Student, Assoc. and Prof., respectively, Dept. of Agronomy and Plant
Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, 3. Researcher, Rice Research
Institute of Iran (RRII)
(Received: April 9, 2013- Accepted: October 14, 2013)
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer complements application (Aminol Forte, Fosnutren and
Kadostim) on grain yield, milling properties and nitrogen use efficiency of two rice (Oryza sativa L.)
cultivars, a field experiment in factorial layout and randomized complete block design with 10
treatments and 3 replications was conducted at Rice Research Institute of Iran in 2009. Treatments
included: fertilizer in 5 levels [complete chemical fertilizer (for cv. Khazar: nitrogen 90, phosphorus
45 and potassium 75 kg.ha-1 and for cv. Hashemi: nitrogen 60, phosphorus 30 and potassium 50 kg.ha1
, respectively, complete chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer complements (Aminol Forte, Fosnutren
and Kadostim one l.ha-1 as a foliar application in tillering, booting and milk stages), 50% of chemical
fertilizer + organic fertilizer complements, organic fertilizer complements and control (no fertilizer
application)] and two rice cultivars (cv. Khazar and Hashemi). Traits that been measured were; grain
yield and yield components, morphological characteristics, milling properties and nitrogen use
efficiency. Results indicated that experimental treatments had a significant effect on the tillers fertility,
number of filled grain. panicle-1, grain yield and 1000 grain weight. In this traits, complete chemical
fertilizer and complete chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer complements treatments had had similar
effects and lowest amount obtained from organic fertilizer complements and control (no fertilizer
application) treatments. The highest grain yield (5371 kg.ha-1) obtained in complete chemical fertilizer
+ organic fertilizer complements treatment. Organic fertilizer complement treatment and 50% of
chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer complement treatment showed the highest nitrogen uptake
efficiency (26.4 kg.kg-1) and nitrogen harvest index (48.3 %), respectively. Results indicated that
organic fertilizer complements application, eliminated chemical fertilizers rate that enhanced nitrogen
uptake efficiency parameters.
Keyword: Amylase, Grain yield, Nitrogen use efficiency, Organic fertilizer complements, Rice
*Corresponding author: mesfahan@yahoo.com