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ESTIMATING FOR RESIDENTIAL CONSTRUCTION
Second Edition
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ESTIMATING FOR
RESIDENTIAL
CONSTRUCTION
SECOND EDITION
David J. Pratt
Australia • Brazil • Japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States
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Estimating for Residential Construction, 2E
David J. Pratt
Vice President, Career and Professional
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© 2012, 2006 Delmar, Cengage Learning
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Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 15 14 13 12 11
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CONTENTS
Preface
Chapter 1
xi
INTRODUCTION TO BUILDING COST ESTIMATES
Objectives 1
Key Terms 1
Introduction 2
Estimates in the Residential Construction Industry
Builders and Residential Markets 2
Types of Contract 4
Uses of Estimates 5
Methods of Estimating 8
Architects and Designers 12
Green Building and Sustainable Construction 13
Drawings and Specifications 15
Soils Reports 15
Site Visits 16
Summary 18
Recommended Resources 19
Review Questions 20
Practice Problems 20
Chapter 2
1
2
ARITHMETIC AND PRINCIPLES OF MEASUREMENT
21
Objectives 21
Key Terms 21
Introduction 21
The Quantity Takeoff 34
Computer Estimating 39
Summary 43
Recommended Resources 44
Review Questions 44
Practice Problems 44
Chapter 3
MEASURING EXCAVATION AND SITEWORK
47
Objectives 47
Key Terms 47
Introduction 47
v
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vi
CONTENTS
Measuring Sitework and Excavation Work Generally
Measuring Notes 59
Site Utilities 59
Example of Sitework Takeoff 60
Summary 71
Recommended Resources 72
Review Questions 72
Practice Problems 73
Chapter 4
MEASURING CONCRETE WORK
48
77
Objectives 77
Key Terms 77
Introduction 77
Measuring Notes—Concrete 78
Measuring Formwork Generally 80
Measuring Notes—Formwork 80
Measuring Notes—Finishes and Miscellaneous Concrete Work
Example of Concrete Work Takeoff 83
Summary 87
Recommended Resources 87
Review Questions 88
Practice Problems 88
Chapter 5
MEASURING CARPENTRY WORK
91
Objectives 91
Key Terms 91
Introduction 91
Measuring Rough Carpentry 92
Measuring Notes—Rough Carpentry 93
Measuring Finish Carpentry and Millwork 95
Measuring Notes—Finish Carpentry 95
Measuring Notes—Doors and Frames 96
Measuring Notes—Windows 96
Measuring Notes—Bathroom Accessories 96
Measuring Notes—Finish Hardware 97
Example of Rough Carpentry Floor System Takeoff
Example of Wall System Takeoff 100
Example of Roof System Takeoff 106
Example of Finish Carpentry Takeoff 108
Example of a Dormer Roof System Takeoff 108
Summary 117
Recommended Resources 117
Review Questions 117
Practice Problems 118
Chapter 6
82
MEASURING MASONRY AND FINISHES
97
119
Objectives 119
Key Terms 119
Introduction 119
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CONTENTS
vii
Measuring Masonry Work 120
Measuring Exterior and Interior Finishes 130
Example of Interior Finishes Takeoff 136
Summary 139
Recommended Resources 140
Review Questions 140
Practice Problems 141
Chapter 7
ESTIMATING PLUMBING, HEATING, VENTILATING,
AND AIR CONDITIONING (HVAC), AND ELECTRICAL WORK
143
Objectives 143
Key Terms 143
Introduction 144
Plumbing Work Generally 144
HVAC Work Generally 145
Electrical Work Generally 146
Pricing the Work 147
Estimating Shortcuts 147
Summary 150
Recommended Resources 150
Review Questions 150
Practice Problems 151
Chapter 8
PRICING GENERAL EXPENSES
153
Objectives 153
Key Terms 153
Introduction 153
Project Schedule 155
General Expenses 157
Green Building Provisions 164
Other General Expenses 165
Add-Ons 166
Example of General Expenses Pricing
Summary 171
Recommended Resources 171
Review Questions 172
Practice Problems 172
Chapter 9
PRICING THE WORK
168
173
Objectives 173
Key Terms 173
Introduction 173
Homebuilder’s Risk 175
Pricing Labor and Equipment 176
Bid Pricing Strategies 182
Preparing Bill of Materials 182
Pricing Materials Generally 184
Pricing Backfill and Gravel Materials
Pricing Concrete Materials 188
185
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viii
CONTENTS
Pricing Carpentry Materials 190
Pricing Subcontractor’s Work 192
Example of Recap and Pricing for House Example
Example of Bill of Materials 199
Summary 202
Recommended Resources 203
Review Questions 203
Practice Problems 204
Chapter 10
PRICING EQUIPMENT
205
Objectives 205
Key Terms 205
Introduction 205
Summary 219
Recommended Resources
Review Questions 220
Practice Problems 220
Chapter 11
SUBCONTRACTOR WORK
220
223
Objectives 223
Key Terms 223
Introduction 223
Managing Subcontract Pricing Procedures
List of Subtrades for a Bid 225
Contacting Subtrades 227
Unknown Subtrades 227
Unsolicited Subtrade Bids 227
Evaluating Subcontractors
228
Bonding of Subtrades 229
Pre-Bid Subtrade Proposals 229
Analyzing Subtrade Bids 230
Scope of Work 231
Summary 233
Recommended Resources 234
Review Questions 234
Practice Problems 235
Chapter 12
194
ESTIMATE SUMMARIES AND BIDS
225
237
Objectives 237
Key Terms 237
Introduction 237
In Advance of Bid Closing 242
The Bid Form 242
Alternative Prices 245
Allowances 245
Bid Security 246
Owner’s Bid Conditions 247
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CONTENTS
The Pre-Bid Review 247
Bid Markup 249
Bid Clarifications 251
The Bid Closing 251
Receiving Subtrade Bids 252
Subtrade Conditions 254
Bid Breakdown 254
Computerized Bid Closing 255
After the Bid 255
Post-Bid Review 257
Summary Example of House Project
Summary 259
Recommended Resources 260
Review Questions 260
Practice Problems 260
Chapter 13
ix
257
ESTIMATES FOR REMODELING WORK
263
Objectives 263
Key Terms 263
Introduction 263
Contracts for Remodeling Work 264
The Remodeling Estimate 265
Measuring the Work 266
The Remodeling Takeoff 267
Pricing Remodeling Work 269
Pricing Materials 271
Pricing General Expenses 276
The Summary and Bid 276
Example of a Remodeling Estimate 276
Summary 286
Recommended Resources 287
Review Questions 287
Practice Problems 287
CHAPTER 14
COMPUTER ESTIMATING
291
Objectives 291
Key Terms 291
Introduction 291
Estimating with ICE 297
Setting Up the Estimate 297
The Job Information Window 297
The Takeoff Process 298
Estimate Example 298
Using the Drill Down Navigation Bar
Adding Prices 330
Pricing General Expenses 333
Recommended Resources 344
Review Questions 344
327
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x
CONTENTS
Appendix A
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
Appendix B
THE METRIC SYSTEM AND CONVERSIONS
Appendix C
FORMULAE USED IN ESTIMATING
Appendix D
SAMPLE HOUSE DRAWINGS
Appendix E
SAMPLE DRAWINGS FOR A 4-UNIT APARTMENT BUILDING
INDEX
347
353
355
357
365
371
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