ALSO PUBLISHED ONLINE:
OCTOBER2013
www.highfrequencyelectronics.com
Design of a Planar Inverted
F Compact Dual Frequency
Antenna for Mobile, Wireless
and Automotive Applications
IN THIS ISSUE:
Addressing the Challenges of
Radar and EW System Design and
Test using a Model-Based
Platform
Featured Products
New Products
Market Reports
Ideas for today’s engineers: Analog · Digital · RF · Microwave · mm-wave · Lightwave
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448 rev L
ALSO PUBLISHED ONLINE AT: www.highfrequencyelectronics.com
22
Defense Electronics
Addressing the
Challenges of Radar
and EW System Design
and Test using a
Model-Based Platform
By Dingqing Lu
30
Antenna Design
octoBER2013
Vol. 12 No. 10
42
New Products
Design of a Planar
Inverted F Compact
Dual Frequency
Antenna for
Mobile, Wireless
and Automotive
Applications
By Pasquale Dottorato
Including Isola Group,
SAGE Millimeter, MiniCircuits, Passive Plus,
CTS Valpey, Planar
Monolithic Industries.
16
Featured Products
12
In The News
6
Editorial
ALSO PUBLISHED ONLINE:
OCTOBER2013
www.highfrequencyelectronics.com
DESIGN OF A PLANAR INVERTED
F COMPACT DUAL FREQUENCY
ANTENNA FOR MOBILE, WIRELESS
AND AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS
Featuring Rohde
& Schwarz, Hittite
Microwave, RADITEK,
Rakon, Miteq, Agilent
Technologies, RFMW,
Anritsu Company.
4
Highlighting TRAK Microwave, Bell Helicopter, Lockheed Martin,
Sikorsky Aircraft, Orbital
Sciences Corp.
IN THIS ISSUE:
Addressing the Challenges of
Radar and EW
System Design and Test using a
Model-Based Platform
Featured Products
New Products
Market Reports
Ideas for today’s engineers: Analog · Digital · RF · Microwave · mm-wave · Lightwave
Commentary by
Publisher Scott Spencer.
6 Editorial
12 In the News
16 Featured Products
8 Meetings & Events
42 New Products
64 Advertiser Index
High Frequency Electronics
EDITORIAL
Vol. 12 No. 10 October 2013
Publisher
Scott Spencer
scott@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Tel: 603-472-8261
Associate Publisher/Managing Editor
Tim Burkhard
tim@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Tel: 707-544-9977
Senior Technical Editor
Tom Perkins
tom@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Tel: 603-472-8261
Vice President, Sales
Gary Rhodes
grhodes@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Tel: 631-274-9530
Editorial Advisors:
Ali Abedi, Ph.D.
Candice Brittain
Paul Carr, Ph.D.
Alen Fezjuli
Roland Gilbert, Ph.D.
Sherry Hess
Thomas Lambalot
John Morelli
Karen Panetta, Ph.D.
Business Office
Summit Technical Media, LLC
One Hardy Road, Ste. 203
PO Box 10621
Bedford, NH 03110
Also Published Online at
www.highfrequencyelectronics.com
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Tel: 651-292-0629
circulation@highfrequencyelectronics.com
Send subscription inquiries and address changes to the
above contact person. You can send them by mail to the
Business Office address above.
Our Environmental Commitment
High Frequency Electronics is printed
on paper produced using sustainable forestry practices, certified by
the Program for the Endorsement
of Forest Certification (PEFC™),
www.pefc.org
Copyright © 2013, Summit Technical Media, LLC
6
High Frequency Electronics
Precise Control is Key
to Advanced Ion
Therapy
Scott L. Spencer
Publisher
Readers of High Frequency Electronics are undoubtedly familiar with the Large Hadron Collider (LHC)
located just outside of Geneva, Switzerland. Built 500
feet beneath the surface of the earth and being 17
miles in circumference, it is the biggest machine on the
earth and likely the most complex. It was built by the
European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN). After an initial
test run in 2008, in an interview conducted by Computerworld UK,
Caltech physicist Harvey Newman referred to the LHC as “one of the
great engineering milestones of mankind.” CERN’s main function was
intended to provide the particle accelerators needed for fundamental
high-energy physics research. The collider was designed to accelerate
particles to nearly the speed of light for the purpose of allowing physicists to test the predictions of different theories of particle physics and in
particular to prove or disprove the existence of the elusive Higgs-boson
particle. The massive project has enlisted the collaboration of over 10,000
scientists and engineers from over 100 countries, as well as hundreds of
universities and laboratories. Even the World Wide Web began as a
CERN project. Research conducted at the site has resulted in the discovery of previously unobserved particles and yielded many other contributions to the field of high-energy physics.
About eight weeks ago I had the opportunity to attend a presentation
given by CERN engineer Dr. Johannes Gutleber. The event was hosted by
the Texas-based firm National Instruments. What I learned is that the
same technology used by CERN engineers and scientists at the LHC is
being put to use in a remarkable way—one that has the potential to significantly impact many of our lives and the lives of generations to come.
CERN engineers have been involved in the design of the MedAustron
facility now under construction in Wiener Neustadt, Austria. Located
over 600 miles from the LHC, it is a type of proton ion particle accelerator that will be used for a very advanced form of radio therapy known as
ion therapy.
How Ion Therapy Works
In an ion source, electrons are stripped away from carbon atoms, leaving positively charged nuclei which are then pre-accelerated and injected
into a circular synchrotron and further accelerated to 80% of the speed
of light and various levels of energy. The energy level determines the
depth of penetration into the human
body. The beam is extracted from the
synchrotron and formed into what
Gutleber described as similar to the
shape of a pencil. This pencil-shaped
beam can then be used to scan, at a
very high rate of speed, cancerous
tumors in three dimensions by varying the energy levels of the beam.
When construction of the football
field-sized facility is completed the
hadron accelerator will deliver proton and carbon ion beams to energy
levels as high as 800 mega-electronvolts (MeV). According to Gutleber,
these beams have an enormous
advantage over traditional X-rays
for destroying tumors deep inside
the body. Heavy particles penetrate
tissues with relatively little interaction until they reach a critical depth
(again a function of their initial
energy). At that point, known as the
Bragg peak, they relinquish their
energy. Heavier particles like carbon
nuclei exhibit considerably sharper
Bragg peaks than lighter protons,
thus allowing for a more accurate
application of their energy.
This precision has many benefits,
allowing treatment of tumors in
close proximity to critical parts of
the body such as the brain, spine
and eyes. It also lends itself to pediatric treatment where the use of
conventional radio therapy is not an
option due to inherent side effects.
What I found most thought-provoking is the level of synchronization and the control systems required
to make everything work. A machine
with hundreds of thousands of
potential settings needs to be reconfigured every 250 milliseconds while
extracting particles from ion sources. Hundreds of magnets need to be
manipulated to boost the particles to
within 0.1 percent of the precise
energy required for treatment, then
guide the particles so they irradiate
a tiny tumor buried deep in human
tissue. At the heart of the €150 million MedAustron installation are
National Instruments’ reconfigurable embedded I/O controllers and
field-programmable gate array
(FPGA) devices.
For his work Johannes Gutleber
earned triple honors at this year’s
National Instruments Graphic
Design System Achievement Awards:
the Advanced Research Design
Achievement Award, the Intel
Intelligent Systems Award, and the
Humanitarian Award. Kudos to Dr.
Gutleber for his landmark achievements.
The MedAustron facility expects
to begin treating patients and saving lives in 2015.
HFE
For further information, please contact our Sales Department at
(631) 439-9220 or e-mail components@miteq.com
www.miteq.com
100 Davids Drive, Hauppauge, NY 11788
631-436-7400 • FAX: 631-436-7430
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
MEETINGS & EVENTS
Conferences
October 6 – 10, 2013
European Microwave Conference (EuMC)
Nuremberg, Germany
www.eumweek.com
October 15 – 18, 2013
IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array Systems
and Technology
Waltham, Mass.
www.array2013.org
October 21 – 23, 2013
IEEE International Conference on Microwaves, Communications, Antennas, and Electronic Systems
Tel Aviv, Israel
www.comcas.org
November 5 – 7, 2013
Global MilSatCom 2013
London
http://www.smi-online.co.uk/defence/uk/conference/
global-milsatcom
November 18 – 21, 2013
ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference
Columbus, Ohio
www.arftg.org
January 19 – 23, 2014
IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium
Newport Beach, Calif.
www.radiowirelessweek.org
Short Courses
Besser Associates
besserassociates.com
Tel: 650-949-3300
New Courses
Course 227: Wireless LANs
Course 226: Wireless/Computer/Telecom Network
Security
Course 228: GaN Power Amplifier Design
Course 223: Fundamentals of LTE, HSPA, & WCDMA
Course 221: B
ER, EVM, & Digital Modulation Testing
for Test & Product Engineers
Company-Sponsored
Training & Tools
Analog Devices
Training, tutorials and seminars.
http://www.analog.com/en/training-tutorials-seminars/resources/index.html
AWR
On-site and online training, and open training courses on
design software.
http://web.awrcorp.com/Usa/News--Events/Events/
Training/
8
High Frequency Electronics
Linear Technology
LTSpice IV
LTpowerCAD
LTpowerPlay
Amplifier Simulation & Design
Filter Simulation & Design
Timing Simulation & Design
Data Converter Evaluation Software
http://www.linear.com/designtools/software/
National Instruments
LabVIEW Core 1
Online
http://sine.ni.com/tacs/app/fp/p/ap/ov/pg/1/
LabVIEW Core 2
Online
http://sine.ni.com/tacs/app/fp/p/ap/ov/pg/1/
Object-Oriented Design and Programming in LabVIEW
Online
http://sine.ni.com/tacs/app/fp/p/ap/ov/pg/1/
Free, online LabVIEW training for students and teachers.
http://sine.ni.com/nievents/app/results/p/country/
us/type/webcasts/
Webcasts on demand.
http://search.ni.com/nisearch/app/main/p/bot/no/
ap/tech/lang/en/pg/1/sn/catnav:mm,n15:WebcastsOn
Demand,ssnav:dzn/
LabVIEW user groups.
https://decibel.ni.com/content/community/zone/labviewusergroups
CST Webinars
October 1: Modeling a High-speed Serial Link
October 17: Simulation and Measurement
October 24: MIMO Antenna Simulation
October 31: Simulating Composite Materials in Aircraft
November 7: Wireless Power Transfer
November 14: EMC Simulation in Electronic Design
November 21: Traveling Wave Tube Design Using Simulation
November 26: Dielectric and Conductor Loss Simulation
December 5: Train Signaling System Interference Estimation by CST MWS
For more information and to register, please visit <www.
cst.com/webinars>. As our webinar service provider is
unable to support access via mobile devices, please ensure
you use a desktop or laptop computer to register and attend the event.
Call for Papers
November 18 – 21, 2013
ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference
Columbus, Ohio
Abstract deadline: October 7, 2013
Final submission deadline: November 10, 2013
www.arftg.org
December 9 – 11, 2013
IEEE International RF and Microwave Conference
Penang, Malaysia
Abstract deadline: June 1, 2013
Final submission deadline: November 1, 2013
rfm2013.myapmttemc.org
Micro Lambda Wireless
goes Green.
YIG Components, Oscillators, Filters and
Harmonic Generators now available in RoHS
compliant designs.
All Micro Lambda Wireless, Inc. individual components are
now available in RoHS compliant designs. Components such
as Oscillators, Filters and Harmonic Generators can be ordered
compliant to the European Union Legislation: Directive
2002195/EC commonly referred to as RoHS (Reduction of
Hazardous Substances).
Individual units will carry distinct RoHS compliant labeling and
the applied date code shall carry a distinguishing marker. No
change to the Micro Lambda Wireless, Inc. standard part number
system will take place. It’s as simple as ordering your required
part number and asking for the RoHS compliant version.
Get Yours Today!
www.microlambdawireless.com
“Look to the leader in YIG-Technology”
46515 Landing Parkway, Fremont CA 94538 • (510) 770-9221 • sales@microlambdawireless.com
MARKET REPORTS
Worldwide Semiconductor Market
Expected to Grow 3%
The worldwide semiconductor market is expected to
grow 3% from 2012 to 2013. There has been sequential
market growth from 1Q13 to 2Q13 and the vast majority
of the top 20 vendors are expecting 3Q13 to grow revenues again.
“It has been a tough few years for the semiconductor
industry. While we haven’t seen a dramatic decline in
overall revenues since the 2008/2009 period the market
has been pretty stagnant since 2010,” comments Peter
Cooney, practice director. “We will see some growth in
2013 as the wider economic environment improves but
major market growth is not expected until later in 2014/
early 2015.”
Consolidation continues to be rife in the industry: a
number of major mergers and acquisitions are expected to
take place in the second half of 2013; these include the
merger of Fujitsu and Panasonic semiconductor divisions
and the acquisition of Elpida by Micron. There have also
been many smaller M&A transactions such as Intel’s
acquisition of ST-Ericsson GPS business and Broadcom’s
acquisition of Renesas Mobile’s LTE assets as major vendors exit the mobile device semiconductor market.
“As the semiconductor market has been squeezed we
have seen an increase in consolidation among the major
players,” adds Cooney. “Margins are falling and the competitive environment is tough—especially in the mobile
device market—and this is driving vendors to re-evaluate
their overall strategy and pull out of some of their oncemajor markets. We have seen a number of major vendors
exit the mobile device market—Freescale, TI,
STMicroelectronics, and Renesas—and we expect there
are more to come.”
—ABI Research
abiresearch.com
Dedicated GPS Devices to Reach $7
Billion in 2018
Despite the continued decline of PNDs, and the threat
of smartphones, smart watches and eyewear, the portable
GPS-enabled device market is forecast to continue to hold
its own thanks to dedicated HUD/eyewear, cycling and
health/tracking devices.
ABI Research’s quarterly GNSS Database forecasts
the new and emerging markets for GPS-enabled devices,
and where the opportunities lie in terms of device formats
and vertical markets. The report also considers the
impact of competitive formats such as smartphone applications, wearable sensors, smart watches, and smart eyewear, providing a complete picture of drivers and inhibitors in this market.
Senior analyst Patrick Connolly comments, “The overall market is forecast to grow from 33.3 million units in
10 High Frequency Electronics
2012 to 36.79 million in 2018, following a brief dip in 2013
as PND declines outweigh growth in other areas. Total
revenues will undergo a brief period of fluctuation from
2013 to 2015, before rising to $7.14 billion in 2018.”
Dominique Bonte adds, “The markets for cycling computers, health/elderly, and fitness are starting to get
interesting. As ASPs decline and smart watches become a
more established part of our lives, the addressable market will be eaten up, limiting the growth potential for
dedicated fitness devices. Looking longer term, ABI
Research has forecast very strong growth for HUD/eyewear devices, particularly in the fitness, golf, and cycling
categories. It would not be surprising to see an acquisition
in this space over the next 12 months.”
—ABI Research
abiresearch.com
MEMS Accelerometers and
Gyroscopes: Critical Components
Accelerometers are playing an increasingly important
role in test and measurement due to the rising demand
for better quality and emergence of more complex testing
procedures. Micro electro- mechanical systems (MEMS)
accelerometers and gyroscopes have become critical components in almost all electronic products such as iPhones,
iPads, smart phones, tablets, and other consumer electronic goods, giving a huge thrust to market revenues.
New analysis from Frost & Sullivan finds that the
market earned revenues of $5.05 billion in 2012 and estimates this to reach $9.30 billion in 2019, at a compound
annual growth rate of 9.1 percent.
While the establishment of R&D and testing centers
in developing regions with a wide variety of research/testing facilities drives the test and measurement accelerometers market, the escalating sales of electronic products
bolsters the MEMS motion sensors market. This market
is heavily reliant on technological innovations to keep
pace with the frantic pace of development in the end-user
markets.
“MEMS accelerometers, gyros and inertial measurement units (IMU) are becoming increasingly compact,
less-power intensive, and better performing,” said Frost &
Sullivan Measurement & Instrumentation Senior
Industry Analyst V. Sankaranarayanan. “Such advancements not only aid rapid adoption in existing applications
but also help penetrate applications and industries that
were not addressed previously due to existing design or
technology constraints.”
Even though innovations may buoy the market, the
intensifying competition is stoking price wars.
—Frost & Sullivan
frost.com
The best inductor
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IN THE NEWS
Raytheon Co., Tucson,
Ariz., is being awarded
a $136,248,637 contract
for MK15 Phalanx
Close-In
Weapon
System
(CIWS)
upgrades and conversions, system overhauls
and associated hardware. The CIWS is a fast-reaction terminal defense against
low- and high-flying, high-speed maneuvering anti-ship
missile threats that have penetrated all other defenses.
The CIWS is an integral element of the Fleet Defense
In-Depth concept and the Ship Self-Defense Program. This
contract includes options which, if exercised, would bring
the cumulative value of this contract to $231,000,000.
The Boeing Company,
St. Louis, Mo., was
awarded a $14,401,508
firm-fixed-price, option
eligible, non-multi-year
contract for acquisition of four Longbow
crew trainers for the
Apache helicopter program. Performance location will
be St. Louis, Mo., and funding will be from fiscal 2011 other
authorization funds. This contract was a competitive acquisition via the web with one bid received. Northrop Grumman
Corp., San Diego, Calif.,
is being awarded a notto-exceed $9,981,663
modification to a previously awarded costplus-fixed-fee contract
(N00019-12-C-0117) for
additional operations and maintenance services in support
of the Broad Area Maritime Surveillance - Demonstrator,
Unmanned Aircraft System, also known as the Global
Hawk Maritime - Demonstrator.
Orbital Sciences Corp.,
Launch Systems Group,
Chandler, Ariz., is being
awarded
a
$29,862,025
firm-fixed-price contract for
Full Rate Production 7 of
eight GQM-163A Coyote
Supersonic Sea Skimming
Target
base
vehicles,
including the associated hardware, kits and production support, for the U.S. Navy (5),
and the governments of Australia (2) and Japan (1). Work
will be performed in Chandler, Ariz. (59 percent); Camden,
12 High Frequency Electronics
Ark. (28 percent); Vergennes, Vt. (4 percent); Hollister,
Calif. (3 percent); and other various locations in the United
States (6 percent), and is expected to be completed in
September 2016.
Northrop Grumman
Systems Corp., Rolling
Meadows, Ill., has been
awarded a $6,637,223
modification (P00041)
on contract (FA862512-C-6598) for large
aircraft
infra-red
counter measures (LAIRCM). The contract modification
incorporates interim contract support of the U.S. LAIRCM
line replacement units. The total cumulative face value of
the contract is $529,124,094.
Raytheon Company,
El Segundo, Calif.,
has been awarded an
$11,458,989 (estimated) cost-plus fixed-fee
requirements contract for support of the F-15 Aircraft
Reliability & Maintainability Engineering Services program. These services are necessary to sustain the F-15
radar, similar radar systems and non-radar avionics hardware.
Lockheed Martin Corp., Grand
Praire, Texas was awarded a
$44,132,874 cost-plus-incentivefee, non-option-eligible, non-multiyear contract modification (P0006)
of contract (W31P4Q-12-G-0001)
for tactical telemetry redesign
for the PATRIOT Advanced
Capability-3 system. Performance
locations will be Grand Prairie and
Lufkin, Texas; Chelmsford, Mass.;
Ocala, Fla., and Camden, Ark., with funding from fiscal
2013 other authorization funds.
Sikorsky Aircraft
Corporation,
Stafford, Conn., was
awarded a $25,582,725
firm-fixed-price,
option-eligible, multiyear contract modification (P0004) of contract
(W58RGZ-12-D-0212) for the overhaul of 250 each UH-60
Blackhawk main rotor blades. Performance location and
funding will be determined with each order. This contract
was a non-competitive acquisition with one bid solicited and
one bid received. The U.S. Army Contracting Command –
Whatever your DUT,
they will characterize it.
Please visit us at the
European Microwave Week
in Nuremberg,
hall 7A, booth 106
Network analyzers from Rohde & Schwarz lead in technology and ease of use—
in all classes, for any application.
Demanding
www.rohde-schwarz.com/ad/nwa
Efficient
Universal
Mobile
¸ZVH: Cable and antenna
analyzers for rough field use.
Specifically designed for installing
and maintaining antenna systems.
¸ZVL: A network and spectrum
analyzer in one, battery operable,
50 Ω or 75 Ω.
¸ZNB and ¸ZNC: Instruments up to
40 GHz with high measurement speed and wide
dynamic range for the lab and in production.
Largest touchscreen on the market for intuitive,
easy operation.
¸ZVA and ¸ZVT: High-end network
analyzers for demanding measurements on
mixers and amplifiers incl. non-linear
S-parameters. For up to 500 GHz, with up to
8 test ports and 4 independent generators.
IN THE NEWS
Redstone Arsenal (Aviation), Redstone
Arsenal, Ala. is the contracting activity.
Northrop Grumman Systems Corp.,
Bethpage, N.Y., is being awarded a
$15,506,798 firm-fixed-priced contract
to conduct a proof of concept trade
study for the design, build, test, and
evaluation of an advanced high gain
ultra-high frequency electronically
scanned array in support of the E-2D
Advanced Hawkeye Program. Work
will be performed in Kapolei, Hawaii (66
percent); Bethpage, N.Y. (26 percent);
and Stockton, Calif. (8 percent); and is
expected to be completed in November
2015. Fiscal 2012 and 2013 Research,
Development, Test & Evaluation,
Navy contract funds in the amount
of $15,506,798 are being obligated on
this award, $6,999,000 of which will
expire at the end of the current fiscal
year. This contract was not competitively procured pursuant to FAR 6.3021. The Naval Air Systems Command,
Patuxent River, Md. is the contracting
activity (N00019-13-C-2025).
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
14
14 High
High Frequency
Frequency Electronics
Electronics
Physical Optics Corp., Torrance,
Calif., is being awarded $14,452,568
cost-plus-fixed-fee delivery order #0003
against a previously issued basic ordering agreement (N68335-12-G-0045) for
the upgrade of 49 aircraft data transfer systems to advanced data transfer systems for the MH-60 and V-22
aircraft. This effort provides for the
development of hardware and software
solutions for an advanced digital data
military operating environment, and
replacement of the current data transfer systems.
Bell Helicopter Textron, Inc., Hurst,
Texas, was awarded a $61,056,000
firm-fixed-price, no option, non-multiyear contract modification (P00046)
to contract (W58RGZ-11-C-0016) for
procurement of 12 new metal scout
(OH-58D) helicopter cabins, 12 supplemental parts kits and associated
over and above effort demands.
TRAK Microwave
appointed David
Moorehouse
President
and
General Manager.
He will be leading
the
TRAK
Microwave
business, inclusive of
the Lorch site in Salisbury, Maryland,
and TRAK Microwave Ltd in Dundee,
Scotland, as well as his home facility in
Tampa, Florida. Moorehouse was most
recently General Manager of the Nurad
Technologies business within Cobham,
where he had full P&L responsibility
over Antennas and Radomes servicing
the military markets.
EZ Sample is Mini-Circuits’ new,
online, free sample-request system
for surface-mount parts. It’s fast, free,
and “EZ as ABC”: (1) Sign in or register
on minicircuits.com and choose samples for your design. (2) Answer three
simple questions about your project
and submit your request. (3) Receive
your free samples. Choose the parts
best suited for your project from over
1,000 available SMT models guaranteed in stock, and Mini-Circuits will
deliver your free samples within days,
with free shipping, as well.
Aethercomm has developed another industry first!
We offer 20 MHz to 18 GHz of frequency coverage,
with typical power levels of 40 watts CW in two small
RF power amplifiers. This is 2+ decades of coverage
in these modular and robust RF power amplifiers. This
gives system designers flexibility in their designs and
also reduces costs. The band breaks on these SSPA’s
are 20 MHz to 6 GHz and 6 GHz to 18 GHz. Power
rolls to 20-25 watts at 20 MHz and 18 GHz. These
state of the art, GaN SSPA’s are in production now.
Please contact the factory with any further information
or visit our website at www.aethercomm.com for
more product and company capabilities.
High Frequency Products
FEATURED PRODUCTS
for high-power wireless applications
provide an unprecedented combination of high-power handling and
excellent linearity while offering an
integrated approach that reduces
board area, power consumption and
design-in complexity.
Synthesizer
Peregrine Semiconductor
psemi.com
Z-Communications, Inc. announced
a new RoHS compliant Fixed Frequency Synthesizer model SFS10000C-LF in X-band. The SFS10000C-LF is a single frequency
synthesizer that operates at 10
GHz. It features a typical phase
noise of -100 dBc/Hz @ 10 KHz offset and typical sideband spurs of
-70 dBc.
Z-Communications
zcomm.com
Transistor
Circulators
RADITEK’s Octave Band Isolators
and Circulators are a cost effective
solution for wide band frequency
applications. This model covers 4.0
- 8.0 GHz with 150 Watts of reverse
power and 150 Watts of Forward
Power. Power Options available are:
110, 150, 200 and 250 Watts.
RFMW announced support for the
T1G6001032-SM, a ceramic packaged, 10W peak (P3dB) power transistor fabricated using TriQuint
Semiconductor’s proven Gallium
Nitride (GaN) production process.
Offering a broad instantaneous
bandwidth afforded from TriQuint’s
TQGaN25 process technology, it is
rated from DC to 6 GHz.
RFMW
rfmw.com
RADITEK
raditek.com
DC/DC Converter
Switch
The LTC3122 is a 3MHz currentmode, synchronous boost DC/DC
converter with integrated output
disconnect. Its internal 2.5A switches deliver output voltages as high
as 15V from an input voltage range
of 1.8V at start-up (0.5V when running) to 5.5V, making it ideal for
various battery chemistries or standard 3.3V and 5V power sources.
The HMC1084LC4 is a broadband
reflective GaAs MESFET SP4T
switch that provides frequency
coverage from 23 to 30 GHz, and is
controlled with 0/-3V logic. The HMC1084LC4 SP4T switch exhibits
fast switching speed of 15 ns (rise
and fall times) and consumes much
less DC current than PIN diode
based solutions.
Linear Technology
linear.com
Signaling Tester
Switch
The PE42820 and PE42821 singlepole double throw (SPDT) switches
16 High Frequency Electronics
Anritsu Company introduced software enhancements to its MD8430A
Signaling Tester that make it the
first LTE network simulator to support Time Division Duplex LTE
(TD-LTE) Carrier Aggregation (CA)
test functionality. The MD8430A is
the industry’s leading platform for
device testing from development to
certification and carrier acceptance.
Anritsu Company
anritsu.com
Hittite Microwave
hittite.com
Power Sensor w/Attenuator
Attenuator and Power Sensor sets
are now available on any of LadyBug Technologies’ RF and Microwave Power Sensors. The matched
combination of Sensors with attenuators is supplied with characterization data and delivers superior
© 2013 AWR Corporation. All rights reserved.
Add a
macroscope
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High Frequency Products
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accuracy. The Sensors are recommended for laboratory, manufacturing and field use.
LadyBug Technologies
ladybug-tech.com
Thanks to their state-of-the-art
design the amplifiers deliver high
output power, and are still compact
and lightweight.
Rohde & Schwarz
rohde-schwarz.com
Waveform Software
Agilent Technologies introduced
the M9099 Waveform Creator, a
modular software application that
supports analog and digital modulation formats, for the Agilent
M9381A PXIe Vector Signal Generator. It provides a simple, open
and expandable environment that
increases productivity and speeds
time to deployment.
Agilent Technologies
agilent.com
Doubler
The TAT9988 is an ultra-linear,
packaged GaN amplifier intended
for output stage amplification in
CATV infrastructure applications.
It features a push-pull cascode design, which provides flat gain along
with ultra-low distortion, making it
ideal for use in CATV distribution
systems requiring high output power capability.
Richardson RFPD
richardsonrfpd.com
Power Amp
The HMC6981LS6 is a four-stage
GaAs pHEMT MMIC power amplifier which operates between 15
to 20 GHz. Ideal for covering the
18 GHz licensed microwave radio
band, the amplifier provides 26 dB
of gain, +34.5 dBm of saturated
output power, and 25% PAE from a
+6V supply. Up to +43.5 dBm OIP3
and drawing only 1100 mA from a
+6V supply.
Hittite Microwave
hittite.com
Broadband Amp
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
18 High Frequency Electronics
The R&S BBA150 broadband amplifier is now also available with a
frequency range from 2.5 GHz to
6.0 GHz. The new frequency range
is an addition to the already existing range from 0.8 GHz to 3.0 GHz.
Amp
The MAAP-011027 is ideal for customers who need a fully matched,
small size and simplified packaged
solution for high power pulsed applications. Operating over the 5.2 5.9 GHz frequency bandwidth, the
device is a two stage, 8 W saturated
C-band power amplifier with 37%
power added efficiency. Packaged in
a lead free 5 mm x 5 mm 20 lead
PQFN.
M/A-COM Technology Solutions
macomtech.com
TECHNICALLY SPEAKING
THIS IS SOME SERIOUS PIM
The data says it all.
If you take PIM seriously, you know that typical PIM of -170 dBc for
loads/terminations and -155 dBc for unequal splitters is game-changing.
With PIM this low, receiver desensitization is a relative non-issue and
you can design with confidence that there’ll be no dropped calls due
to ghostly interference. Frequency performance for both products is
698-2700 MHz. Our terminations are available in 30, 50, 100, and
150W models and offer VSWR of 1.10:1 typical. Our unequal
splitters deliver 300W of power handling, a typical VSWR of 1.15:1,
and various output levels from -0.9 to -1.8 dB. To prevent field failures,
all models are designed to handle full rated power @ +85°C.
Ready to get serious about PIM? Start with a visit to www.e-MECA.com.
Look for the expanding lineup
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High Frequency Products
FEATURED PRODUCTS
attenuation range of 31.5 dB in 0.5
dB steps. It is versatile for a wide
range of applications, from military
to commercial communication systems. It is manufactured with a 0.25
µm pHEMT process, with via holes
through the substrate, air bridges,
and electron beam gate lithography.
Converter
MITEQ’s LNB Series of Low-Noise
Block Converters supply RF down
conversion from 18 - 40 GHz to IF
frequencies of 2 - 16 GHz, well within the range of your existing 18 GHz
equipment. The LNB series, with its
4 dB noise figure and internal LO,
permits processing of very low level
input signals. Currently MITEQ offers either an 18 - 26 or 26 - 40 GHz
model.
still delivering the performance
advantage that Rakon’s customers
expect. Operating at a 1.2V supply
voltage, it reduces power consumption further with an enable-disable
mode to deliver better power management.
Richardson RFPD
richardsonrfpd.com
Rakon
rakon.com
Miteq
miteq.com
Mixer
TCXO
Rakon’s RIT2016C TCXO minimizes power consumption in portable
devices to extend battery life while
Attenuator
The CHT4016-QEG 6-bit digital
step attenuator from UMS operates
from 4 to 14 GHz and provides an
Dual Channel Signal Sources
Stunningly compact signal sources with two independent channels for today’s
demanding wireless applications. Industry best performance to price ratio and
the smallest package dual channel high-performance synthesizer on the market.
Mini-Circuits’ HJK-151MH+ high
IP3 frequency mixer features: high
IP2, 60 dBm typ.; high IP3, 30 dBm
typ.; excellent L-R isolation, 55
dB typ.; L-I isolation, 50 dB typ.;
compression, 3 dB higher than
LO power; protected by US Patent
6,807,407. Applications: amateur
radio; mobile radio; paging; nongeostationary mobile.
Mini-Circuits
minicircuits.com
Frequency range 100 MHz to 6 GHz
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20 High Frequency Electronics
SC5506A
Model No. POB-15-818-13-LCA
Rev.B is a 8.0 to 18.0GHz, Low
Noise Amplifier which provides 15
dB of gain while maintaining a gain
flatness of +/-1.5 dB typically over
the operating frequency. The noise
figure is 3.0 dB typical and offers a
typical OP1dB of +13 dBm. The amplifier requires +12 VDC and has a
typical current draw of 75mA.
Planar Monolithics Industries
pmi-rf.com
Programmable
0 –30, 60, or 90 dB
ATTENUATORS
1 MHz to 6 GHz
Mini-Circuits RUDAT-6000 series USB controlled digital
step attenuators support frequencies from 1 MHz to 6
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Mini-Circuits
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513 rev org
High Frequency Design
Defense Electronics
Addressing the Challenges of
Radar and EW System Design
and Test using a Model-Based
Platform
By Dingqing Lu, Agilent Technologies
Radar systems have come a long way since their introduction in the
1940’s, today encompassing a broad range of applications, ranging from
supermarket door openers to highly complex shipboard phased-array
fire-control radars. Modern systems require higher performance to work
in today’s ever more complex Electronic Warfare (EW) environments,
which include jamming and deception. As a result, EW systems must be
properly designed to effectively attack Radar systems. Modern Radar and
EW systems must also have the ability to reach out and touch the environments in which they
operate, detect and characterize sources of electronic noise such as RF jamming or co-location
antenna interference, and adapt the Radar’s performance accordingly to compensate for that
interference. Moreover, EW specifications are always adjusted based on the environment.
Because of these challenges, today’s designers require a solution for designing, verifying and
testing their Radar and EW systems in an effective way.
Today’s designers require
a solution for designing,
verifying and testing their
Radar and EW systems in
an effective way.
Challenges
Radar and EW systems operate in increasingly complex spectral environments with multiemitter input signals from Radar, military and commercial communication systems, as well
as different interferences, noise and clutter. Even in an urban center, the airwaves may
include countless wideband RF and microwave emitters—and therefore, potential interferers—such as wireless communications infrastructure, wireless networking systems and civilian Radars.
This complexity poses a number of challenges when developing Radar and EW systems,
especially when coupled with new signal generation and processing requirements, and the
need to analyze different test cases. For example, how does the engineer reduce the time and
cost associated with developing these new systems, while also reducing the high cost of testing and validation? How do they get all legacy Intellectual Property (IP) point tools to work
together with RF? And, how do they validate the performance of their complex Radar and EW
systems earlier/continuously, instead of waiting until final integration and test? Addressing
these challenges is critical ensuring the success of any Radar or EW system.
Introducing the Model-Based Platform
One way to quickly and effectively deal with these challenges is through use of a modelbased platform. The platform relies on simulation of Radar and EW systems with cross domain
architectures for signal processing and RF pieces, and visualized environments. It can also link
to high-performance Commercial Off-the-shelf (COTS) instruments, connecting the real world
with “simulation in the loop” to achieve greater flexibility and application awareness. Using a
model-based platform to design, verify and test Radar and EW systems, designers can create
22 High Frequency Electronics
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440 rev P
High Frequency Design
Defense Electronics
USA Manufacturer Since 1984
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Sales@Coaxicom.com
We’ll Ship
Today
Figure 1 • A prime example of a model-based platform is Agilent’s Radar
and EW simulation and test platform based on SystemVue software. The
simulation version of the platform, shown above, models and simulates
Radar and EW systems at all stages of development.
real-world test environments for high-quality products, shorten their development cycle, and save both time and money by minimizing field tests.
The critical part of the model-based platform is an Electronic System
Level (ESL) design software that models and simulates Radar and EW
systems throughout the entire development process (Figure 1). With its
models for Radar cross-section (RCS), user-defined antenna patterns and
scanning, clutter, and interferers, designers can use the software to model
a working reference design that can be used to generate test vectors.
Existing DSP algorithm models can also be incorporated to construct custom systems. Custom models based on C++, MATLAB, and HDL code, as
well as subnet structures, can be easily created with the software’s user
interface. In this manner, different components created by different people
can be integrated together and tested at the system level for the purposes
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24 High Frequency Electronics
Figure 2 • Agilent’s SystemVue-based Radar and EW test platform, shown
above, can be used to test and verify hardware. In this diagram, a transmitted Radar signal with interference from SystemVue is shown being
downloaded to an AWG to test EW RF receiver hardware.
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26 High Frequency Electronics
High Frequency Design
Defense Electronics
of performance evaluation and continuous validation
throughout the development process.
The simulation platform in Figure 1 can also be used
as a hardware test platform (Figure 2). During hardware testing, simulation data is downloaded to Vector
Signal Generators (VSGs) or wideband Arbitrary
Waveform Generators (AWGs) for testing Radar and
EW receivers. Integration of signal analyzers or wideband oscilloscopes running vector signal analysis software provides measurement and analysis capabilities
with automated test, which are useful when developing
transmitters, receivers, amplifiers, and other subsystems. For further analysis and signal processing, measured raw signals can be brought back into the ESL
design software for post processing using an existing
receiver capability for advanced measurements such as
false alarm rate, detection rate, and imaging display.
This combination of hardware and software enables
automated test for both component testing (e.g., an RF
receiver, detector, signal processor, or waveform generator) and testing under realistic scenarios, including jamming/deception, RCS, and clutter.
As an example, consider the test of an RF receiver in
the EW system shown in Figure 2. The transmitted
Radar signal plus interference from the ESL software,
in this case SystemVue, is downloaded to an AWG for
testing the EW RF receiver hardware. To do this, the RF
output of the AWG connects to the EW receiver hardware input. The output of the hardware is then sent to
an oscilloscope. Next, the signal acquired by the vector
signal analysis software is sent back to SystemVue for
further processing and measuring, thereby demonstrating how the Radar and EW test platform can be used to
test and verify hardware. The setup in Figure 2 can be
used for testing different components such as an RF
receiver, detector, signal processor, or waveform generator.
The test platform can even be used to test whether
the generated Jamming and Deception signals generated by the EW system can effectively attack the Radar
receiver. For this purpose, the signal downloading link is
moved to the Radar receiver input and the signal at the
output of the HW Radar RF receiver acquired. The RF
receiver hardware can then be tested.
EW System Solutions
While both Radar and EW systems pose problems for
designers during development, EW systems can be especially problematic. EW technologies include Electronic
Attack (EA), Electronic Protection (EP) and Electronic
Warfare Support (ES)—each posing its own unique set
of challenges that can be effectively addressed with a
model-based platform.
EA Application Challenges: EA applications employ
jammers (e.g., responsive and non-responsive jammers
Amplifiers
Attenuators - Variable
DLVA & ERDLVA &
SDLVA’s
DTO’s & Frequency
Synthesizers
Filters
Form, Fit & Function
Products
IFM’s & Frequency
Discriminators
Integrated MIC/MMIC
Modules
I/Q Vector Modulators
Limiters & Detectors
Log Amplifiers
Pulse & Bi-Phase
Modulators
Phase Shifters
Rack & Chassis Mount
Products
Receiver Front Ends &
Transceivers
Single Sideband
Modulators
SMT & QFN Products
Solid-State Switches
Switch Matrices
Switch Filter Banks
Threshold Detectors
USB Products
West Coast Operation:
4921 Robert J. Mathews Pkwy, Suite 1
El Dorado Hills, CA 95762 USA
Tel: 916-542-1401 Fax: 301-662-1731
East Coast Operation:
7311-F Grove Road
Frederick, MD 21704 USA
Tel: 301-662-5019 Fax: 301-662-1731
High Frequency Design
Defense Electronics
Figure 3 • This RWR test platform template utilizes the Frequency Bands Recognition technique. The RWR is based
on Frequency Division Signal processing with eight inputs, each of which may be set to a different frequency
range.
with masking, and coherent jammers with either marking or deception) to attack enemy’s Radar. To effectively
attack Radars, the jamming and deception need to be
designed carefully under EW environments. Regular
design tools do not provide the capability to design jamming or deception to match the EW environment.
Furthermore, designers often utilize the Digital Radio
Frequency Memory (DRFM) technique for EW systems.
Consequently, when testing EW systems for EA applications, designers must generate jammers and when applicable, design and validate a DRFM algorithm.
Solution: Jammers can be easily generated using
application templates available in the ESL software.
The software also provides the functionality needed to
design and validate an EA system based on DRFM
under realistic environment scenarios. Existing
advanced measurements enable designers to verify
whether the designed jamming or deception can attack
Radar effectively.
EP Application Challenge: In EP applications,
designers must detect the direction of arrival (DOA) for
an enemy’s Radar signals under complex environment.
Special algorithms are required to estimate the DOA.
Solution: The ESL software’s DOA algorithms, such
as MUSIC and ESPRIT, may be employed to estimate
DOA. The ESL also provides a complex environment
setup for EP algorithm design.
ES Application Challenges: In ES applications, a
Radar Warning Receiver (RWR) is required in one-onone engagements to detect the radio emissions of Radar
systems. To test a RWR in an EW system, designers
must first generate an appropriate test signal, taking
many factors into consideration (e.g., frequency band,
direction finding methods, pulse interleaving and resolution, and emitter identification). Also, once the receiver algorithm design is done it must be verified under
realistic scenarios.
28 High Frequency Electronics
Solutions: The ESL software has the ability to generate complex multi-emitter waveforms efficiently with its
user-friendly user interface. Also, the RWR signal can be
modeled and simulated in the ESL software. As an
example, a template of a type of RWR test platform that
can be constructed to test an EW system receiver is
shown in Figure 3. By modifying the platform’s source
input and reset parameters, different RWR test signals
can be generated. The RWR signal can even be modified
to implement the engineer’s own EW algorithm, which
can then be tested in the platform. In Figure 4, an emitter signal is generated in the ESL software, downloaded
to an AWG and then modulated by a vector signal generator.
In the example in Figure 3, a received multi-emitter
signal waveform (denoted in green) arrives at the input
of the RWR. The spectrum is shown in yellow. The goal
is to find the components for the arrived multi-emitter
signal. The main task of the RWR is to process received
signals to determine components in both the time and
frequency domain. Within the RWR, channelization is
performed. The output of each channel is the recovered
signal-of-interest, indicating that the RWR has successfully recognized LFM1, LFM2 and LFM3, the original
signal components from either a Radar or communication system.
Conclusion
Modern Radar and EW systems operate in increasingly cluttered and complex environments, making their
design, verification and test extremely challenging. The
model-based platform offers designers an ideal way to
ease this burden. It can be used to model and simulate
Radar and EW systems and, with integrated measurement instruments, can also act as a test system for
hardware test and verification of Radar and EW components and systems. Using this platform, designers are
able to shorten their development cycle, save time and
Figure 4 • Shown here is a multiemitter signal with different Radar
and communication components
generated in Agilent’s SystemVueBased Radar and EW test platform.
money by minimizing field tests,
and create the real-world test environments needed to produce the
highest-quality products. Such
capabilities and benefits are critical to ensuring successful development of modern Radar and EW
systems.
About the Author:
Dingqing Lu has
been with Agilent
Technologies/
Hewlett
Packard
Company since 1989
and is a scientist
with Agilent EEsof
EDA, working on
modeling, simulation, testing and implementation of
Military
and
Satellite
Communications and Radar EW
systems. From 1981 to 1986 he was
with University of Sichuan as
Lecturer and Assistant Professor.
He was a Research Associate in the
Department
of
Electrical
Engineering at University of
California (UCLA) from 1986 to
1989. He is IEEE senior member
and has published 20 papers on
IEEE Transactions, Journals and
Conference Proceedings. He also
holds a US Patent on a fast DSP
search algorithm. His research
interests include system modeling,
simulation and measurement
techniques.
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
29
High Frequency Design
Antenna Design
Design of a Planar Inverted
F Compact Dual Frequency
Antenna for Mobile, Wireless
and Automotive Applications
A compact (Planar
Inverted F Antenna) for
wireless, mobile, and
automotive applications
was designed with full
wave simulation
software.
By Pasquale Dottorato
Abstract
A compact PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna) for wireless, mobile and
automotive applications was designed with full wave simulation software.
Size reduction of the antenna was achieved through an increase in the
path length of the currents for a fixed frequency. Finally, a comparison was
made between a non-compact PIFA with a compacted PIFA.
The development of wireless technologies and mobile communications has included considerable research on the production of small, easily adaptable, low cost antennas. One such device,
the PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna), is widely used in mobile, automotive and wireless communications. The advantage of using this type of antenna in wireless communications is its
small size, low profile, and avoidance of additional matching networks.
Thanks to its compact design, the PIFA has recently been developed for multiband applications. For the model investigated, shown in Figure 1, there were two main objectives: one that
uses two electromagnetic paths to generate two separate resonant modes; the other offers the
two first resonant frequencies of a single electromagnetic path. In the first a slot of variable
shape (L or U, in the figure) or two inductive or capacitive resonators is employed. In the second
we add just the resonance frequencies of the first two modes in a manner such that their relationship is about 2. In this case appropriately dimensioned gaps are implemented.
II. Design of the Antenna
II.1 Layout of the PIFA
Figure 1 shows a patch with a slot to the U shaped antenna. There is a central patch of the
original size, L1×W1, and a smaller patch of size L2×W2 operating in the 1800 MHz band from
lower frequency f1, to the highest, f2. For this type of PIFA we can be determine d approximately by:
where c is the speed light in free space: c = 3x108 m/s. These two equations make it simple
to achieve the requirements of the dual-frequency PIFA.
30 High Frequency Electronics
SIGNAL
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High Frequency Design
Antenna Design
Figure 2 • Slot Inside the Shorting Wall with h1 = 8.4mm,
w1 = 28mm, 1mm and h2 = w2 = 14.5mm.
Figure 1 • (a) Patch Top Layer of the PIFA, (b) Top View
of the PIFA, (c) Side Profile of the PIFA.
Figure 1 shows the geometry of the antenna. As you
can see in Figure 2 (a), the upper radiating patch is
inserted into a slot in the U for the purpose of obtaining a
dual-frequency operation that uses two resonant paths for
the currents induced from the feed, in order to generate
two separate operating modes. Specifically, the resonant
frequency for the lowest band is dictated substantially by
the size of the patch and is only partly affected by the slot,
while the resonance frequency for the higher band is dictated mainly the size of the slot to U. The dimensions of
the patch are higher (W1, L1) = (42, 42) mm, while the
dimensions of the U-shaped slot are (W2, L2) = (30.28,7.00)
mm, the ground plane has dimensions (W, L) = (60,100)
mm. The antenna is fed to the base of the line as shown in
Figure 1(c), at a distance (30, 2) mm from the origin of the
axes. The antenna height is h = 12.90 mm. The capacitive
load is formed by bending the upper patch to the ground
plane for a DCAP distance = 9.4mm and adding to this a
line (5mm long), parallel to the ground plane. The shorting wall is 12.90mm wide and 42mm high. The antenna is
inserted at the center of the ground plane at a distance
(9.0) mm from the origin of axes. The entire structure was
fabricated using a thickness of 1 mm for both ground
planes, both for patch and the shorting wall. The slot in
the shorting wall (shown in Figure 2) consists of two
parts: one, with U-shape, has a height h1 = 8.4 mm and a
width w1 = 28 mm; the other part, however, is formed by
two smaller slots (of height h2 = 1mm and width w2 =
14.5mm), which are merged with the larger slot in order
to form a single opening (as shown in figure 2).
32 High Frequency Electronics
II.2 Design Features
The antenna proposed in the previous section was
simulated with commercial full wave simulation software. It is designed to work at frequencies 900/1800 MHz
bands, respectively, for GSM / DCS. Figure 3 shows the
reflection coefficient of the antenna. The antenna resonates very well at the frequencies of interest, in fact for f1
= 0.9 GHz has that S11 = 29. 21 dB, while for f2 = 1.8 GHz
is obtained by a coefficient of reflection of S11 = 29. 8 dB.
Figure 4(a) and Figure 4(b) shows the impedance input in
its real part and imaginary part. Matching the antenna
to an input impedance of 50Ω is obtained by controlling
the distance between the shorting wall and the feed point.
For f1 = 0.9 GHz has an impedance of (51.96 + j2.97) Ω,
while for the second frequency resonance has an impedance of (52.99 + j0.89) Ω. The bandwidth, calculated for a
2:1 VSWR, is 3.7% with a range of frequencies of 34 MHz,
from 880 MHz to 914 MHz for f1 = 900 MHz, whereas for
f2 = 1800 MHz, has a bandwidth of 3% with a range of
frequencies of 55 MHz, from 1774 MHz to 1829 MHz. The
size reduction antenna is obtained at the expense of
bandwidth, which is quite close to that actually required
for systems cellular communication GSM/DCS, respectively 70 MHz (890-960 MHz) and 170 MHz (1710-1880
MHz) for GSM and DCS. A disadvantage of the PIFA, in
fact, is the bandwidth reduction evident due to the presence of capacitive load. Figure 5 shows the current distributions for both the working frequencies. It should be
noted that in order to adapt the antenna to an impedance
of 50Ω it is necessary to bring the RF feed wire to the
shorting wall, where the currents are concentrated.
Indeed, the presence of the slot in the shorting wall
causes a concentration of currents in that direction, especially at a frequency of 0.9 GHz. In Figure 5 it can be
noted that the frequency resonance for the lowest band is
dictated by the size of the slot inside the wall the shorting
patch square, while the resonance frequency for the
higher band is dictated mainly from the smaller size
(those of the U-shaped slot). In Figure 6 the radiation
patterns of three-dimensional components of θ and φ for
the two frequencies of interest are shown (cases 1 ab for
f1 = 0.9 GHz, cd cases for f2 = 1.8 GHz). A directivity of
4.514 dB is obtained for the first frequency (f1), while for
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High Frequency Design
Antenna Design
Figure 3 • Simulated Reflection Coefficient of the PIFA.
Figure 4(a) • Simulated Real Part of the PIFA’s
Impedance.
the second frequency of interest (f2), the directivity is
5.271 dB.
wall and shorting the capacitive load, but because the
antenna is designed entirely in free space, it is easily
realized with the addition of these two changes. Compared
to the initial case, the feed point shifted to the shorting
wall in order to adapt the input impedance to 50Ω, since
it has a greater intensity of current due to the insertion
of the slot. The reduction of antenna size also causes a
decrease of the width of band compared to the case of
non-compacted PIFA. For the lower frequency (f = 900
MHz) it has gone from a bandwidth of 4.6% to a bandwidth of 3.7%, while for the higher frequency band (f =
1800 MHz), reduction is from 3.3% to 3%. This bandwidth
reduction is probably due to the presence of the capacitive
load. Figure 8 shows the two antennas viewed from
above. Size reduction of the second antenna compared to
the first is clearly visible.
II.3 Comparison with the Non-Compacted PIFA
Since the purpose of this work has been the realization of compact dual frequency planar antenna for mobile
applications, it is interesting to compare between the two
devices, compact vs. non-compacted. Starting with an
antenna that occupies a volume of 40×67×12.90 mm​​³, we
arrived at an antenna with a volume of 42×42×12.90
mm³, thus obtaining a reduction of the size of 34.17%,
maintaining the same antenna height h (h = 12.90 mm​​)
and the same plane mass (60×100 mm²). Naturally the
PIFA is compacted principally as a result of the slot in the
Figure 4(b) • Simulated Imaginary Part of the PIFA’s
Impedance.
34 High Frequency Electronics
PIFA in Automotive Applications
The growing demand for compact and multi-band
antennas has been seen in the automotive sector. Indeed
functionality and aesthetics play a very important role in
this market. Modern automobiles are designed to have
every kind of comfort and technology, such as for example;
GPS, internal telephone, television, radio, and bluetooth.
That is why there is a necessity to have antennas that are
multifunctional, not visible and very small to meet aesthetic requirements. The antenna described in this paper
has also been designed for automotive applications. Car
roofs are often the ideal location for antennas. In fact,
since the roof is very large compared to the compact
PIFA, it can be considered as infinite ground plane for the
antenna. Inserting the PIFA in the center of a ground
plane of dimensions 5λ × 5λ, was simulated. The behavior
is the same as if it were on the roof of an automobile.
High Frequency Design
Antenna Design
Figure 5 • Current Distribution for (a) F = 900 MHz (b) F = 1800 MHz.
Figure 6 • Radiation Pattern (a) component θ for F = 900 MHz, (b) φ component for F = 900 MHz, (c) component θ
for F = 1800 MHz, (d) φ component for F = 1800 MHz.
36 High Frequency Electronics
High Frequency Design
Antenna Design
Figure 8 • The Two Antennas Viewed from Above: On
the Right the Compact PIFA, On the Left Non Compact
Figure 7 • Reflection Coefficient for the Compact Dual- PIFA.
Frequency PIFA with Infinite Ground Plane.
Figure 9 shows the reflection coefficient of the antenna.
An excellent reflection coefficient of 37.3 dB is achieved
for f = 0.904 GHz, while for f = 1.8 GHz it has S11 = 38.72
dB. The bandwidth hardly decreases. It has a bandwidth
of 24.8 MHz at f = 904 MHz, while for f =1.8 GHz a bandwidth of 52 MHz is achieved. The radiation patterns are
very similar to those shown in Figure 7.
IV. Conclusion
The purpose of this article was to design a compact
antenna dual frequency for mobile applications. The
antenna used for the project is Planar Inverted-F Antenna
(PIFA). It has characteristics that correspond to those
required by the market today, that is: simplicity of realization, low cost and small size. The techniques used to
compacting the dual-frequency PIFA are the inclusion of
a capacitive load and the insertion of a slot within the
shorting wall. The two techniques together allow lowering of the resonant frequency with a consequent decrease
in the size of the antenna. The compacted PIFA was sacrificed a small percentage bandwidth on the two working
frequencies (900 MHz and 1800 MHz). The future development of this project could be to modify the geometry of
the PIFA to regain bandwidth, such as increasing the
height h antenna, or studying alternative profiles to the
slot provided on the shorting wall.
About the Author:
Pasquale Dottorato received his BSEE and PhD
degrees from University of Naples, Italy, with a dissertation on measuring the electromagnetic characteristics of
anisotropic material and information retrieval due to
38 High Frequency Electronics
dispersion and non-linear media. Dr. Dottorato followed
that with experience at IRECE and the electronics and
telecommunication departments at the university level,
continuing in the design of microwave equipment for
defense electronics in Rome. Since July 2005 Pasquale
has worked in the R&D department of an electronics company in Bologna, Italy. His interests include inverse electromagnetic problems, the design of antennas, phased
array antennas and microwave devices; the design of
passive RFID transponders; and numerical modeling and
simulations of signal and system electromagnetics.
References
[1] Kin-Lu Wong, “Compact and Broadband Microstrip
Antennas,” Wiley Series in Microwave and Optical
Engineering, New York, 2002.
[2] Kin-Lu Wong, “Planar Antennas for Wireless
Communications,” Wiley
[3] Series in Microwave and Optical Engineering.
[4] S. Tarvas and A. Isohatala, “An internal dual-band
mobile phone antenna,” in Proc. IEEE Antennas
Propagat. Soc. Int. Symp., Salt Lake City, UT, 2000, pp.
255-269.
[5] P. Salonen, M. Keskilammi, and M. Kivikoski, “New
slot configurations for dual-band planar inveted-F
antenna,” Microwave Opt. Technol. Lett., vol. 28, pp.
293-298, Mar. 2003.
[6] Z. D. Liu, P. S. Hall, and D. Wake, “Dual-frequency
planar inverted-F antenna,” IEEE Trans. Antennas
Propagat., vol. 45, pp. 1451-1458, Oct. 1997.
[7] C. R. Rowell and R. D. Murch, “A compact PIFA suitable for dual frequency 900/1800-MHz operation,”
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High Frequency Design
Antenna Design
IEEE Trans Antennas Propagat., vol. 46, pp. 596-598,
Apr. 1998.
[8] J. Ollikainen, O. Kivekas, A. Toropainen, and P.
Vainikainen, “Internal dual-band patch antenna for
mobile phones,” in Proc. millennium Conf. Antennas
and Propagation (AP2000), Darvos, Switzerland, Apr.
9-14, 2000, p. 364.
[9] P. Salonen, M. Keskilammi, and M. Kivikoski, “Singlefeed dual-band planar inverted-F antenna with
U-shaped slot,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat., vol.
48, pp.1262-1264, Aug.2000.
[10] F. R. Hsiao, H. T. Chen, T. W. Chiou, G. Y. Lee, and K.
L. Wong, “A dual-band planar inverted-F patch
antenna with a branch-line slit,” Microwave Optical
Techn. Lett., vol. 32, pp. 310-312, Feb. 20, 2002.
[11] K. L. Wong and K. P. Yang, “Modified planar inverted
F antenna,” Electron. Lett., vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 7-8, Jan.
8, 1998.
[12] K. Ogawa and T. Uwano, “A diversity antenna for
very small 800-MHz
[13] band portable phone,” IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,
vol. 42, no. 9, pp. 1342-1345, Sep. 1994.
[14] A. T. Arkko and E. A. Lehtola, “Simulated impedance
bandwidth, gains, radiation patterns and SAR values
of a helical and PIFA antenna on top of different
ground planes,” in Proc. Inst. Elect. Eng. 11th Int.
Conf. Antennas Propagation, Apr. 2001, pp. 651-654.
[15] A. T. Arkko, “Effect of ground plane size on the free
space performance of a mobile handset,” Nokia
Mobile Phones Rep., Finland, 2002.
[16] C. R. Rowell and R. D. Murch, “A capacitively loaded
PIFA for compact mobile telephone handsets,” IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propag., vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 837-841,
May 1997.
[17] K. l. Virga and Y. Rahmat-Sami, “Low profile
enhanced-bandwidth PIFA antennas for wireless
communication packaging,” IEEE Trans. Microwave
Theory Tech., vol. 45, no. 10, pp. 1879-1888, Oct.1997.
[18] H. T. Chen, K. L. Wong, and T. W. Chio, “PIFA with a
meandered and folded patch for the dual-band
mobile phone application,” IEEE Trans. Antennas
Propagat., vol. 51, pp. 2468-2471, Sep. 2003.
[19] P. Salonen, L. Sydänheimo, M. Keskilammi, and M.
Kivikoski, “A small Planar Inverted-F Antenna for
Wearable Applications,” P.O. Box 692, 33101 Tampere,
Finland.
[20} Dalia Mohammed Nashaat, Hala A. Elsadek and
Hani Ghali, “Single feed compact quad-band PIFA
antenna for wireless communication applications,”
IEEE Trans. Antennas and Propagat., vol. 53, no. 8,
August 2005.
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Varistors
AVX
Corp.
released
the
TransGuard® and StaticGuard
VCLD Series multilayer varistors
with Sn/Pb terminations, which feature a minimum of 5% lead
(Pb). Designed to support customers
who cannot accept pure tin components, especially in the defense
industry, the new varistors provide
EMI/RFI attenuation and bi-directional
overvoltage
protection
against transient events.
AVX Corp.
avx.com
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
48 High Frequency Electronics
TRUcore™ Series
C A B L E
A S S E M B L I E S
Unsurpassed Durability
• Broadband solutions—18, 26.5, 40, 50 GHz options
• High performance, phase stable design
• 2x the crush resistance vs conventional tape wrap cable
• Rapid delivery for custom lengths
• Ideal for ground-based, sea and airborne platforms
TRUcore™ series cable assemblies provide designers with a flexible
coax solution that will not degrade under real life torque, vibration, crush,
or kinking forces that may be found in your critical application.
TRU Corporation
Peabody, MA 01960 USA
1 800 262-9878
(1 800 COAX-TRU)
978 532-0775
Learn more about TRUcore™
©2013 TRU Corporation
trucorporation.com
Y
Product Highlights: Defense Electronics
Doppler Sensor
Model SSM-94310-D1 is a 94 GHz
Dual Channel Doppler Sensor
Module designed and manufactured
for measuring the speed and direction of moving targets. It is configured with a T/R diplexer, an I/Q
receiver and a T/R oscillator. It is
offered with WR-10 waveguide interface for various antenna integrations.
The sensor module operates at +12
Vdc/250 mA DC supplier and transmits +10 dBm RF power at 94 GHz.
SAGE Millimeter
sagemillimeter.com
Temperature
Variable Attenuators
TVAs from the recognized leader in high reliability resistive
components offer:
• Casesize0.150”x0.125”x0.018”
• Choiceofthreetemperaturecoefficientofattenuation(TCA)
values:-0.003,-0.007,-0.009
• Attenuationvaluesfrom1-10dB
Radar Model Library
The W1905 Radar Model Library
saves development time and verification expense in R&D for radar system
architects, algorithm developers, and
system verifiers. It provides 88 highlyparameterized simulation blocks.
Agilent Technologies
agilent.com
• Planardesignwithsolderableorwirebondableterminations
• Lowersignaldistortion,phasechangeandintermodulation
comparedwithactivecircuittemperaturecompensation
When the mission is critical, choose
State of the Art.
State of the Art, Inc.
ResisTivePRoduCTs
MadeintheusA.
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
50 High Frequency Electronics
High Power Amp
The BBM3K5KHM is suitable for
broadband mobile jamming and band
specific high power linear applications in the P/L/S frequency bands.
This compact module utilizes high
power advanced GaN devices that
provide excellent power density, high
efficiency, wide dynamic range and
low distortions.
Empower RF Systems
empowerrf.com
Reliability matters.
Gain a tactical advantage.
Mission-critical applications have relied on
Rogers’ microwave materials for years. The
superior electrical & mechanical characteristics
of Rogers’ high reliability laminates provide the
stable, consistent performance over time and
temperature that’s so critical for aerospace
and defense applications.
Rogers’ high performance printed circuit board
materials have been supporting mission critical
applications with a proven record of reliability for
over 45 years. Can you afford anything else?
Visit www.rogerscorp.com/military to learn more
about Rogers’ aerospace and defense microwave
material solutions.
RT/duroid® 6202PR laminates
• Reduced planar resistor variation
• Low thermal coefficient of dielectric constant
• Low coefficient of thermal expansion
RT/duroid 5880LZ laminates
• Dielectric constant of 1.96
• Low z-axis coefficient of thermal expansion
• Light weight
RT/duroid 6035HTC laminates
• Highest thermal conductivity (1.44 W/mk)
for 3.5Dk printed circuit board laminates
• Low loss 0.0013
• Low profile, thermally stable copper options
NEW Product Introduction
2929 Bondply
• Unreinforced, thermoset
based thin film adhesive system
• Dielectric constant of 2.9 and
low loss tanget (<0.003)
• Predictable control of post bond thickness
The world runs better with Rogers.®
Become a member
of our Technology
Support Hub
Advanced Circuit Materials
www.rogerscorp.com/acm/technology
USA - AZ, tel. +1 480-961-1382
•
EUROPE - BELGIUM, tel. +32 9 235 3611 •
www.rogerscorp.com
Product Highlights: Defense Electronics
Directional Couplers
Model 152610, Model 152616 and Model 152620 are
multi-purpose, stripline designs that exhibit excellent
coupling over the 0.5 to 26.5 GHz frequency band.
Targeting broadband electronic warfare (EW) systems
and commercial wireless system applications, KRYTAR’s
directional couplers are extremely valuable in a wide
array of applications including signal monitoring and
measurement.
Covert Transmitter
Cobham’s ultra small COFDM transmitter, the SOLO7
Nano Transmitter (Nano Tx), is designed for specialist
video installations and body-worn applications. The same
proven technology in Cobham’s larger COFDM transmitters has been packed into a tiny transmitter measuring
only 58 mm x 38 mm x 17 mm and weighing just 51g.
Applications include small unmanned aerial vehicles and
body-worn use.
KRYTAR
krytar.com
Cobham
cobham.com
Interference Analyzer
Link Microtek unveiled an enhanced version of the
IDA-3106 interference and direction analyzer, which
enables communications and security personnel to identify unwanted electromagnetic emissions. While helping
to speed up Tempest assessments on board naval vessels,
the instrument can also combat the threat of IEDs and
52 High Frequency Electronics
pinpoint suspicious transmissions from jamming devices,
mobile phones, and more.
Link Microtek
linkmicrotek.com
QUALITY, PERFORMANCE AND RELIABILITY
IN PRECISION COAXIAL CONNECTORS
BETWEEN SERIES
ADAPTERS
EDGE LAUNCH
CONNECTORS
BULKHEAD & PANEL
ADAPTERS
CABLE CONNECTORS
IN SERIES ADAPTERS
CUSTOM DESIGNS
ADAPTERS · CABLE CONNECTORS · RECEPTACLES · CUSTOM DESIGNS
Including These Connector Series
1.85mm
2.4mm
DC-65 GHz
DC-50 GHz
2.92mm
3.5mm
DC-40 GHz
DC-34 GHz
7mm
SSMA
DC-18 GHz
DC-40 GHz
ISO 9001:2008
SGMC Microwave — The name to count on for Quality, Performance
and Reliability! Please contact us today by Phone, Fax or Email.
Manufacturer of Precision Coaxial Connectors
620 Atlantis Road, Melbourne, FL 32904
Phone: 321-409-0509 Fax: 321-409-0510
sales@sgmcmicrowave.com
www.sgmcmicrowave.com
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
Product Highlights:
Connectors and
Cables
Size #8 Male and Female to SMA
Adapters
SGMC Microwave’s Size #8 to SMA
adapters feature: DC-18 GHz; VSWR:
1.15:1 Max; Body & Contact: Heat
Treated Beryllium Copper/Gold Plated;
Dielectric: PTFE (Teflon); O-Rings:
Fluorosilicone Rubber; Epoxy Captivated.
SGMC provides the Defense, Test &
Measurement,
Telecommunications,
Satellite and Aerospace industries with
high performance microwave and millimeter-wave connectors.
Product Showcase
30
Years
Advanced
Switch
Technology
754 Fortune Cr, Kingston, ON
K7P 2T3, Canada.
613 384 3939
info@astswitch.com
Our line of Waveguide, Coaxial and Dual Switches are the most
reliable in the industry, but don’t just take our word for it. Join
the hundreds of satisfied customers who use our switches every
day.
SGMC Microwave
sgmcmicrowave.com
When only the best will do
Power Cables
Wireless infrastructure installations
require DC power for “up the tower” and
“in the building” applications. RF
Industries provides outdoor and indoor
multi-conductor composite power cables
in standard and custom configurations.
RF Industries
rfindustries.com
54 High Frequency Electronics
Connectors
Times
Microwave
Systems
announced the EZ-400-BM-X BNC
no-solder male (plug) straight connector and EZ-400-BM-RA-X BNC
no-solder, male (plug) right angle
connector for LMR-400 low loss coaxial cable. The new crimp-style connectors do not require soldering of
the center conductor into the contact
making them perfect for field installations, and they do not require braid
trimming.
Times Microwave Systems
timesmicrowave.com
Product Showcase
NEW TWT RF Amplifiers Avaliable from Stock:
3.2 to 5.8GHz 30 Watts Psat. $12,250
4.0 to 9.5GHz 20 Watts min. $13,250
9.5 to 13GHz 30 Watts Psat. $14,250
More detail:
http://www.dudleylab.com/surplus10.html
Dudley Lab
1508 Wellington Ave. • Toms River, NJ 08757
732-240-6895 • hdudley@dudleylab.com
www.highfrequencyelectronics.com
Product Highlights: Connectors and Cables
Right-Angle Connector
This low-profile right-angle connector features a non-bifurcated
swept contact design for use with
low-loss microwave coaxial cable
qualified for 32 GHz spaceflight
applications. Traditional box rightangle connectors are often associated
with poor VSWR (voltage standing
wave ratio) performance, particularly
at frequencies approaching 18 GHz.
Adapter Series
In response to industry demand,
Coaxicom redesigned the standard 2.4
mm to 2.9 mm precision adapter series
to improve electrical performance. The
Inter and Intra series adapters now
deliver up to 40 GHz with a lower
VSWR than other supplier’s designs.
These high-performance adapters are
suitable for use in advanced testing
environments required throughout
the aerospace, communications and
military industries.
Coaxicom
coaxicom.com
W. L. Gore & Associates
wlgore.com
WAVEGUIDE TO
COAX ADAPTERS
18.0 to 110.0 GHz
SAGE Millimeter, Inc. is
dedicated to the design,
development, and
manufacturing of
standard and custom
built microwave and
millimeterwave
products including
amplifiers, antennas,
control devices, ferrite
devices, frequency converters,
oscillators, passive
components,and integrated
assemblies up to 140 GHz.
TRU Corp.
trucorporation.com
Low Insertion Loss
Full WG Band Operation
Instrumentation Grade
Launce Options
Made in USA
info@sagemillimeter.com | 424-757-0168
www.sagemillimeter.com
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
56 High Frequency Electronics
Cable Assembly Brochure
The EMC Test Chamber Solutions
Brochure describes RF cable assemblies and connectors for high power
and high frequency immunity and
emission
compliance
testing.
Featured are quick connect/disconnect cable assemblies that eliminate
cross threading and mate fully, interchangeable head connectors, a wide
range of quick connect/disconnect
adapters to assure full user compatibility, and a broad line of TRUcore™
cable assemblies.
Attenuators
Looking for qualified M3933/30 (DC-32 GHz) attenuators? SV Microwave has officially been approved by DLA
as the ONLY QPL source for these components. SV’s line
has the precision, quality and performance using 2.92
mm connectors for the frequency range DC through 32
GHz. Our dB values range from 0.5 to 30 dB with low
VSWR and flat attenuation.
SV Microwave
svmicrowave.com
HIGH FREQUENCY
CONNECTIVITY
WITH A TWIST.
SV Microwave’s new QuarterBack line of connectors combines
the high frequency performance of an SMP style connector with
the mating durability and ease of a bayonet style connector.
• Positive Mating
• SMP (40 GHz) / SMPM (65 GHz)
• Quick Connect/Disconnect Applications
• Low Mating Forces
• High Vibration Environments
• Custom Configurations Available
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
TIMES MICROWAVE SYSTEMS
Available From Stock !!
LMR
LMR-75
LMR-FR
LMR-UltraFlex
LMR-PVC
LMR-DB
LMR-LLPL
TFlex 402
TFlex 405
StripFlex
StripFlex II
Connectors &
Accessories
LMR® TFlex® and StripFlex®
are Registered Trademarks of
Times Microwave Systems
DISTRIBUTED BY:
Phone: (888) 591-4455 or (772) 286-4455 Fax: (772) 286-4496
E-mail: admin@microwavecomponentsinc.com
Web Site: www.microwavecomponentsinc.com
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
AS 9120
ISO 9001:2000
CERTIFIED
SMi’s 15th Annual
20th Anniversary
CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION 2013
The Leading Military Communications Event for Satellite Professionals
Tuesday 5th November - Thursday 7th November I Park Plaza Riverbank Hotel | London, UK
KEYNOTE SPEAKERS
Air Vice Marshall Philip Osborne, Director of Capability, Joint Forces Command
MILITARY AND GOVERNMENT SPEAKERS
Colonel Christophe Debaert, Head of Syracuse Program, DGA France
Commander Louis Tillier, Head of SATCOM from the
French Joint Staff, Ministry of Defence, France
Lieutenant Colonel Hans Stefan Suhle, Head,
SatCom Space Management Section, Bundeswehr
Communication and Information Systems Services
Centre (CISSC)
Major Laura Smith, C4ISR Capability Branch,
Ministry of Defence, UK
Lieutenant Colonel Roberto Pablo Peláez Herrero,
Head of SatCom Department, Ministry of Defence,
Spain
Deanna Ryals, Chief International Military Satellite
Communication Division, MilSatCom Systems Directorate, Air Force Space Command, US Air Force
Brigadier General Pitre R. R., Director General
Space, Canadian Forces
Colonel Mark Patterson, J6 Division Chief,
USPACOM
Lieutenant Colonel Jim Dryburgh, JSO1 CIS J6,
New Zealand Defence Force
Lieutenant Colonel Jose Everardo Ferreira, Electronic
Engineer, IEEE Member and OSA Member, Brazilian Air
Force
Sergiy Martyniuk, Chief of Section, Ministry of Defence,
Ukraine
Captain Rommel Anthony SD Reyes, Global Satellite
Communication, Philippine Navy
Captain David Greaves, Royal Australian Navy, Commander Defence Strategic Communications for the Australian Defence Force
Catherine Mealing-Jones CPFA, Director Growth, Applications & EU Programmes, UK Space Agency
PRE-CONFERENCE WORKSHOP HOSTED BY COBHAM | 4TH NOVEMBER 2013 | 13.00-17.30
Conquering Interference –
The Next Big SatCom Challenge
In Association with:
SPONSORS
LEAD SPONSOR
GOLD SPONSOR
www.globalmilsatcom.com
James Hitchen on +44 (0)20 7827 6054
jhitchen@smi-online.co.uk
BOOK BY 30TH SEPTEMBER AND SAVE £100
Product Highlights: Connectors and Cables
and maintain flexibility for ease of
bending to your requirement.
VidaRF
vidarf.com
Connector
BNC Straight Bulkhead Jack,
with Solder Cup, Isolated, 50 Ohm,
nickel plated, RoHS certified product.
This industrial grade RF connector is
ideal for applications requiring an
isolated mounting to a panel or enclosure. Typically used in industrial,
military, and equipment applications.
Manufactured by Amphenol RF and
available through BTC.
1.30:1 and 0.42 dB, respectively. Two
variations are available. The 3993-2
and the 3993-3 offer SMA plugs for
direct solder to 0.141” and 0.086”
semi-rigid cable or COAXICOM
ULTRA-FLEX, respectively.
Coaxicom
coaxicom.com
BTC Electronic Components
btcelectronics.com
Fiber Optic Assembly
A complete line of MFOCA assemblies and connectors are compliant
with MIL-DTL-83526 /20 & /21 and
DLA Drawings 10023, 10024 &
09001. The plug and bulkhead connectors are available as mixed mode
(2-channel SM & 2-channel MM) in
Brown 383 Camouflage, 2-channel
SM in Green 383 Camouflage and
2-channel MM in Black Camouflage,
all with a non-reflective finish.
Receptacle
SGMC Microwave’s Type N
Female (4) Hole Flange Receptacle
(Extended Pin & Dielectric) Design
Features: Frequency Range: DC to 18
GHz; Corrosion resistant 303
Stainless Steel Body (Passivated);
Epoxy Captivated center pin/contact
and dielectric; Pictured Pin diameter
0.065” & Dielectric diameter 0.210”;
Ruggedized construction.
W.L. Gore & Associates
gore.com
SGMC Microwave
sgmcmicrowave.com
Emerson Network Power
emerson.com
Adjustable RF Connector
Coaxicom’s 3993 Phase Adjusters
operate up to 18 GHz. The 3993-1
SMA RF adapter has an adjustment
range of 180⁰ minimum and a maximum VSWR, with insertion loss of
Cable Assemblies
Spaceflight Microwave/RF assemblies have been optimized for Ka-band
uplink and downlink satellite applications. The durable construction of
the Type 5G Series of assemblies
provides outstanding shielding effectiveness.
Cable Assemblies
VidaRF offers Hand Formed Semi
Flex 086,141 and 250 cable assemblies. The outer shield is copper braid,
tin soaked to minimize signal leakage
Connectors
VidaRF is offering Low PIM versions of the popular 7/16, Type N, and
SMA connector that can deliver Low
PIM performance as low as -170 dBc.
VidaRF
vidarf.com
61
Directional/Bi-Directional
COUPLERS
5 kHz to 12 GHz up to 250W
! Looking for couplers or power taps? Mini-Circuits has
Now
279 236 models in stock, and we’re adding even more! Our
versatile, low-cost solutions include surface-mount
models down to 1 MHz, and highly evolved LTCC
designs as small as 0.12 x 0.06", with minimal insertion
loss and high directivity. Other SMT models are designed
for up to 100W RF power, and selected core-and-wire
models feature our exclusive Top Hat™, for faster
pick-and-place throughput.
169
$
from
ea. (qty.1000)
At the other end of the scale, our new connectorized
air-line couplers can handle up to 250W and frequencies
as high as 12 GHz, with low insertion loss (0.2 dB @ 9
GHz, 1 dB @ 12 GHz) and exceptional coupling flatness!
All of our couplers are RoHS compliant. So if you need
a 50 or 75 Ω, directional or bi-directional, DC pass or
DC block coupler, for military, industrial, or commercial
applications, you can probably find it at minicircuits.com,
and have it shipped today!
Mini-Circuits
®
www.minicircuits.com
P.O. Box 35166, Brooklyn, NY 11235-0003 (718) 934-4500 sales@minicircuits.com
495 rev B
!
w
No
multiplY
up tO 20 GHz
Frequency Multipliers
$
from
595
qty. 10-49
For your leading-edge synthesizers, local oscillators, and Satellite up/down converters, Mini-Circuits
offers a large selection of broadband doublers, triplers, quadruplers, and x12 frequency multipliers.
Now generate output frequencies from 100 kHz to 20 GHz with excellent suppression of fundamental frequency
and undesired harmonics, as well as spurious. All featuring low conversion loss and designed into a wide
array of, off-the-shelf, rugged coaxial, and surface mount packages to meet your requirements.
Visit our website to choose and view comprehensive performance curves, data sheets, pcb layouts,
and environmental specifications. And you can even order direct from our web store and have a unit
in your hands as early as tomorrow!
Mini-Circuits
®
www.minicircuits.com
P.O. Box 35166, Brooklyn, NY 11235-0003 (718) 934-4500 sales@minicircuits.com
455 rev G
Advertiser Index
CompanyPage
CompanyPage
Advanced Switch Technology.............................................................. 54
Aethercomm........................................................................................... 15
AR Modular RF......................................................................................... 26
Avtech...................................................................................................... 55
AWR Corp................................................................................................. 17
CDM Electronics...................................................................................... 46
Cernex...................................................................................................... 18
Coaxicom................................................................................................ 24
Cobham................................................................................................... 40
Coilcraft.................................................................................................... 11
CST............................................................................................................ 25
CTS Electronic Components.................................................................. 29
C.W. Swift & Associates.......................................................................... C2
C.W. Swift/SRI Connector Gage............................................................ 39
Damaskos................................................................................................. 55
Delta Electronics..................................................................................... 37
Dielectric Laboratories........................................................................... 45
Dudley Lab.............................................................................................. 55
Dynawave................................................................................................ 47
Emerson Network Power....................................................................... C4
Herotek..................................................................................................... 14
IW Microwave.......................................................................................... 41
MECA Electronics.................................................................................... 19
Micro Lambda Wireless............................................................................ 9
Microwave Components....................................................................... 59
Mini-Circuits............................................................................................ 2, 3
Mini-Circuits........................................................................................ 62, 63
Mini-Circuits.............................................................................................. 21
Mini-Circuits.............................................................................................. 23
Mini-Circuits.............................................................................................. 31
Mini-Circuits.............................................................................................. 43
Miteq.......................................................................................................... 7
Molex....................................................................................................... C3
National Instruments................................................................................. 5
NIC.............................................................................................................. 1
Planar Monolithics Industries.................................................................. 27
Pulsar Microwave.................................................................................... 42
Relcomm Technologies.......................................................................... 58
RF Bay....................................................................................................... 55
Rohde & Schwarz.................................................................................... 13
Rogers Corp............................................................................................. 51
SAGE Millimeter....................................................................................... 56
Satellink.................................................................................................... 54
Sector Microwave................................................................................... 55
SGMC Microwave................................................................................... 53
SignalCore............................................................................................... 20
SMI Group................................................................................................ 60
State of the Art........................................................................................ 50
SV Microwave.......................................................................................... 57
Teledyne Storm........................................................................................ 33
Temwell..................................................................................................... 44
Times Microwave..................................................................................... 35
TRU Corp................................................................................................... 49
Wenteq Microwave Corp....................................................................... 54
Wilmanco................................................................................................. 55
W.L. Gore & Assoc................................................................................... 48
High Frequency Electronics (USPS 024-316) is published monthly by Summit Technical Media, LLC, 3 Hawk Dr., Bedford, NH 03110.
Vol. 12 No. 10 October 2013. Periodicals Postage Paid at Manchester, NH and at additional mailing offices.
POSTMASTER: Send address corrections to High Frequency Electronics, PO Box 10621, Bedford, NH 03110-0621.
Subscriptions are free to qualified technical and management personnel involved in the design, manufacture and distribution of electronic equipment and systems at high frequencies. Copyright © 2013 Summit Technical Media, LLC
64 High Frequency Electronics
The choice is clear
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With decades of experience in the
interconnect industry, we know
what’s important to engineers.
That’s why Molex manufactures
the world’s broadest line of radio
frequency connectors, cable
assemblies and custom products.
Our RF solutions can be optimized
to minimize signal loss over a
www.molex.com/product/rf.html
wide range of frequencies in a
broad spectrum of sizes and styles
of connectors. Plus, our serviceoriented team can turn around
drawings in 48 hours and deliver
custom products in less than eight
weeks –– so you can get your
products to market faster.
For the industry’s largest array of
product options backed by reliable
service, turn to Molex –– your
clear choice for RF interconnect
products and solutions.
Get info at www.HFeLink.com
Ha
rsh
Env
iro
Emerson Network Power and the Emerson Network Power logo are trademarks
and service marks of Emerson Electric Co. ©2011 Emerson Electric Co.
nm
ent
Mis
sion
Critical
Connectivity Solutio
Emerson Network Power Connectivity Solutions delivers innovation in interconnect
technology for maximum signal integrity. Your system’s performance can be enhanced
and assured by Emerson Connectivity Solutions through:
•Harshenvironmentopticalconnectors
•Twinaxandmicrowavecableassemblies
•HighperformanceRF&microwaveconnectorsandcomponents
Emerson Connectivity Solutions brings together technology and engineering to
create innovative customer solutions.
Get Connected...
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Toll free: 800-247-8256
Phone: 507-833-8822
EMERSON. CONSIDER IT SOLVED. ™
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