Explanatory Statement
Civil Aviation Regulations 1988
Direction — number of cabin attendants (Virgin Australia Airlines)
Legislation
Subsection 98 (1) of the Civil Aviation Act 1988 (the Act) provides that the GovernorGeneral may make regulations for the Act and in the interests of the safety of air
navigation.
Under regulation 208 of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 (CAR 1988), CASA may
give directions as to the operating crew required to be carried on an aircraft having
regard to the safety of air navigation. Subparagraph 6.1 (b) of Civil Aviation Order
(CAO) 20.16.3 was made under regulation 208 and provides that aircraft carrying more
than 36 and not more than 216 passengers must carry a cabin attendant for each unit of
36 passengers or part of that number.
The requirements in subparagraph 6.1 (b) of CAO 20.16.3 have remained in the same
form since 1960, and as such represents a 56 year gap since a reassessment of cabin
attendant numbers against a criterion of allowable seating rather than passenger
numbers. In a report published in 1990 named Review of policies and practices for firstof-type certification of imported aircraft, CASA recommended the recognition of the
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) of the United States of America and the Joint
Aviation Authorities (Europe), now European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA),
certification standards. The recommendation was adopted.
Instrument
The direction replaces a former direction, CASA 94/15. The direction will allow Virgin
Australia Airlines Pty Ltd (the operator) to continue to operate an Australian registered
Boeing 737-800 series aircraft engaged in regular public transport, or charter, operations
if it carries 1 cabin attendant for every 50 passenger seats or part of that number.
The cabin attendant ratio applies only to aircraft with maximum seating capacity of
189 passengers and with a type certificate data sheet that permits that ratio to be used.
CASA is satisfied the evacuation of a full complement of passengers for the
Boeing 737-800 is able to be achieved in a time of 90 seconds, and that the evacuation
procedures adopted by the operator to support their application to operate with the
certification criterion of 4 cabin attendants have been demonstrated successfully.
CASA does not consider that safety would be compromised if a Boeing 737-800 carried
cabin attendants during operations with a complement of 1 cabin attendant to each
50 seats, or part of that number, fitted to the aircraft.
The instrument is also subject to conditions in the interest of aviation safety. Among
other things, the operator must ensure that only physically competent (able-bodied)
persons may occupy seats in seat rows designated as emergency exit rows in order to
assist, where required, effective evacuation of the aircraft. The operator must also
ensure all passengers seated in the emergency exit rows receive and respond to briefing
on the operation of emergency exits and the actions required during an emergency.
The operator must also ensure that the aircraft can be evacuated in the maximum
permitted time of 90 seconds.
Authorised Version Explanatory Statement registered 30/06/2016 to F2016L01110
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The question of cabin attendant ratios under CAO 20.16.3 is subject to ongoing
discussion and the current instrument will only be in force up to the end of June 2018.
Instruments of this type are being issued for limited periods only. It is hoped that there
will be a resolution of the issues involved, making the issue of individual directions to
operators unnecessary.
Legislation Act 2003 (the LA)
Under section 57A of the LA, an instrument is a legislative instrument for section 8 of
the LA if it is declared to be a disallowable instrument under legislation in force before
1 January 2005.
Under regulation 5A of CAR 1988 (which was in force before 1 January 2005), if
CASA has issued a CAO, and CASA later issues a direction that affects the operation of
the CAO, the later document is declared to be a disallowable instrument.
The instrument affects the operation of subparagraph 6.1 (b) of CAO 20.16.3. As a
legislative instrument, it is subject to tabling and disallowance in the Parliament under
sections 38 and 42 of the LA.
Consultation
Consultation has taken place on the issues raised by the new ratio of cabin attendants to
passenger seats in relation to many instruments applying the same ratio. CASA is
satisfied that it can safely continue to issue directions under regulation 208 on the basis
of the criteria mentioned in this statement.
This instrument replaces instrument CASA 94/15, which expires at the end of
June 2016. The operator applied for the renewal of the direction. In these circumstances,
it is CASA’s view that it is not necessary or appropriate to undertake any further
consultation under section 17 of the LA.
Senate Committee concerns
This direction provides for the operator to meet a standard for cabin crew numbers that
differs from that currently promulgated in CAO 20.16.3, but it is considered to be a
standard consistent with international safety standards and practice.
The development and preparation of suitable standards with appropriate conditions is
also continuing in conjunction with the preparation of new regulations applicable to all
air transport operators.
Statement of Compatibility with Human Rights
A Statement of Compatibility with Human Rights is at Attachment 1.
Making and commencement
The direction has been made by the Director of Aviation Safety, on behalf of CASA, in
accordance with subsection 73 (2) of the Act.
The instrument commences on 1 July 2016 and is repealed at the end of 30 June 2018.
[Instrument number CASA 57/16]
Authorised Version Explanatory Statement registered 30/06/2016 to F2016L01110
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Attachment 1
Statement of Compatibility with Human Rights
Prepared in accordance with Part 3 of the Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny)
Act 2011
Direction — number of cabin attendants (Virgin Australia Airlines)
This legislative instrument is compatible with the human rights and freedoms
recognised or declared in the international instruments listed in section 3 of the
Human Rights (Parliamentary Scrutiny) Act 2011.
Overview of the legislative instrument
The instrument allows Virgin Australia Airlines Pty Ltd (the operator) to operate
Australian registered Boeing 737-800 aircraft if they carry 1 cabin attendant for every
50 passenger seats or part of that number, for a maximum seating capacity of
189 passengers.
The primary purpose of the legislative instrument is to allow the operator, in relevant
circumstances, to operate those aircraft with fewer cabin attendants than would
otherwise be required by Civil Aviation Order 20.16.3. The direction is subject to
conditions, imposed in the interests of aviation safety, about seating and briefing of
passengers, and the ability to quickly evacuate the aircraft.
Human rights implications
This legislative instrument does not engage any of the applicable rights or freedoms.
Conclusion
This legislative instrument is compatible with human rights as it does not raise any
human rights issues.
Civil Aviation Safety Authority
Authorised Version Explanatory Statement registered 30/06/2016 to F2016L01110