From the Series
Junior Electrician
Teacher's Guide
Produced by
Colgren Communications
Written by
John Colgren
Distributed by
Altschul Group Corporation
800.323.9084 | FAX 847.328.6706 | www.unitedlearning.com

All material in this program is the exclusive property of the copyright holder. Copying, transmitting, or reproducing in any form or by any means without prior written permission from the copyright holder is prohibited (Title
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© 2003 Colgren Communications

Table of Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Instructional Notes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Links to Curriculum Standards . . . . . . . . .2
Student Objectives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Assessment Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Teacher Preparation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Introducing the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
View the Program . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Discussion Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .4
Blackline Master Descriptions . . . . . . . . .5
Enrichment Activities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Answer Key . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Internet Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
Script of Narration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .10
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Magnetism
From the Series Junior Electrician
Grade Levels: 1-4
INTRODUCTION
This program is designed for use with the primary grade levels (1-4).
This program traces the history of the magnet from early
Greeks discovering the lodestone to the use of magnetism to generate electricity at power plants. Properties of magnetism are demonstrated. The relationship between magnetism and electricity is explored.
INSTRUCTIONAL NOTES
Before presenting this lesson to your students, we suggest that you preview the program and review this guide and the accompanying Blackline Master activities in order to familiarize yourself with their content.
As you review the materials presented in this guide, you may find it necessary to make some changes, additions, or deletions to meet the specific needs of your class. We encourage you to do so, for only by tailoring this program to your class will they obtain the maximum instructional benefits afforded by the materials.
It is also suggested that the program presentation take place before the entire group under your supervision.
The lesson activities grow out of the context of the program; therefore, the presentation should be a common experience for all students.
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LINKS TO CURRICULUM STANDARDS
The series, Junior Electrician addresses the following
National Science Education Standards for grades K-4:
Science as Inquiry
Content Standard A:
• Abilities necessary to do scientific inquiry.
Plan and conduct simple investigations.
Employ simple equipment and tools to gather data.
Use data to construct a reasonable explanation.
Communicate investigations and explanations.
• Understanding about scientific inquiry.
Physical Science
Content Standard B:
• Electricity in circuits can produce light, heat, sound, and magnetic effects. Electrical circuits require a complete loop through which an electrical current can pass.
• Magnets attract and repel each other and certain kinds of other materials.
Science and Technology
Content Standard E:
• Abilities of technological design.
• Understanding about science and technology.
People have always had questions about their world.
Science is one way of answering questions and explaining the natural world. People have always had problems and invented tools and techniques to solve problems.
Scientists and engineers often work in teams.
Tools help scientists make better observations, measurements, and equipment for investigations.
History and Nature of Science
Content Standard G:
• Science as a human endeavor
Science and technology have been practiced for a long time.
Men and women have made a variety of contributions throughout the history of science and technology.
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Although men and women using scientific inquiry have learned much about the objects, events, and phenomena in nature, much more remains to be understood. Science will never be finished. Many people choose science as a career and devote their entire lives to studying it.
STUDENT OBJECTIVES
After viewing the program and participating in the lesson activities, the students should be able to do the following:
• Describe that iron and steel are attracted to magnets.
• Identify the lines of force between two magnets facing each other.
• Identify that the poles, or ends, of a magnet have the greatest force, that like poles of a magnet repel each other, and that unlike poles attract each other.
• Explain that the Earth has a magnetic field around it.
ASSESSMENT TOOLS
This lesson provides you with three different assessment tools. Together they make it possible to follow closely the progress of your students and to judge their mastery of the subject matter.
Blackline Master #1, Pre-Tes t, can be used to get some idea of students' understanding of the topic before the program is presented.
Blackline Master #10, Post-Test , can be used as a final test for the lesson.
Blackline Master #2, Video Quiz and its accompanying answer sheet, can be used either as a way to introduce the topic prior to showing the program or to judge student mastery once the program has been presented.
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TEACHER PREPARATION
View the program and review the accompanying activities. Duplicate any Blackline Masters you wish to distribute. If you plan to use the Video Quiz, which immediately follows the program presentation, you may wish to have copies of the quiz ready to distribute at the completion of the program. Also, plan to pause the program between questions if students require more time.
INTRODUCING THE PROGRAM
Ask students to think about magnets. Magnets come in many shapes and sizes. Magnets seem to have a magical quality as they move certain objects with an invisible force. Have students list on the board some of the uses they have seen for magnets and magnetism. Tell them that today's program will help them to understand some of the key ideas and principles associated with magnets.
VIEW THE PROGRAM
Viewing time for this program is 12 minutes. The program quiz that follows the presentation will take about three minutes when you build in pauses for recording answers.
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS
You may wish to conduct a discussion after viewing the program based on the following:
1. Ask students to list ways magnets are used in everyday life.
2. Review the properties associated with bar magnets attracting and repelling each other.
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BLACKLINE MASTER DESCRIPTIONS
This program contains ten blackline masters that can be used to reinforce ideas and information presented in the program.
• Blackline Master #1, Pre-Test , provides a way of finding out how much students know about the material covered in this lesson before you present it. Student scores on the Pre-Test can be compared with their scores on the final Post-Test ( Blackline Master #10 ).
• Blackline Master #2, Video Quiz , is to be used at the end of the program. At the completion of the program, there is a short quiz. The narrator will read the questions which are displayed on the screen. Students can use
Blackline Master #2 to record their answers. Answers to the questions are provided in the Answer Key section of this instructor's guide.
• Blackline Master #3, Word Search , contains nine vocabulary words from the program. The words are scattered throughout the puzzle and are written diagonally, horizontally, and vertically.
• Blackline Master #4, Fill-In , contains information from the program written as two paragraphs. Certain words are missing and are listed at the bottom of the page.
Students are suppose to fill in the blanks with those words.
• Blackline Master #5, What Do Magnets Attract?
, is an experiment designed for students to use to determine what things are attracted by magnetism.
• Blackline Master #6, Can Magnetism Go Through
Objects?
, is an experiment for determining some of the
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things magnetism will travel through. Supplies needed for this experiment include a bar magnet, paper clip, a drinking glass, a 12" plastic or wooden ruler, a piece of cardboard, a book cover, and a cup of water.
• Blackline Master #7, Compass Construction , is an experiment for creating a simple home-made compass.
The supplies needed include a bar magnet, a sewing needle, a flat piece of cork, a saucer of water, and tape.
• Blackline Master #8, Lines of Force , is an experiment for viewing the lines of force around two bar magnets. You will need two bar magnets, a piece of glass, plastic, or poster board (at least 6" x 6"), iron filings, and two identical-sized books.
• Blackline Master #9, Electromagnets , is an experiment designed to build and work with an electromagnet.
The supplies needed for this experiment include an iron nail about three inches long, one and a half volt dry cell, about 12 inches of insulated wire, and paper clips.
• Blackline Master #10, Post-Test , is an evaluation tool for this lesson.
ENRICHMENT ACTIVITIES
Scientists think that birds may use the Earth's magnetic field to help them fly hundreds and even thousands of miles during migration. Tiny pieces of magnetite have been found in the brains of birds. Find out more about this idea.
Are their other animals that might make use of this form of navigation?
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ANSWER KEY
Blackline Master #1, Pre-Test
A.
1. the poles of the magnets are the same
2. the poles are opposites
3. magnetite
4. Electricity
5. Poles
B.
1. Answers will vary but should include: electromagnets can be turned on and off, but permanent magnets are always magnets.
2. Electromagnets are used in speakers, phones, doorbells, electric motors, etc.
3. Repel, Attract
Blackline Master #2, Video Quiz
1. c 2. True 3. C 4. B 5. A
Blackline Master #3, Word Search
M L D I M W T W E N E W
I H I A E Z O T Z J N H
Z Q O R C O I L C Q E P
U Q R F O T U A Y C M Q
T D N G E N E R A T O R
B O E N L V R P V C Z T
G M G W E A R H O Y V X
F A K S C O I R D V M K
M I K F T F G Y W H F G
A N R O R E B H O P B Z
G S M A O O E D H H N T
N L J S M X P L H V M K
E G Q B A M O X L J Z J
T T T W G G J A E F Y J
I A R O N H O V U X C C
S Q I R E T N D S X C C
M C O P T R R D E S L M
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Blackline Master 4, Fill-In
Over 2,000 years ago the Greeks discovered a special stone that could pick up small bits of iron. The stone was called a lodestone and was made of magnetite. It is possible to make a magnet if we rub a permanent magnet across either iron or steel nails. It was found that an electric current flowing through a wire would make magnetic effects. An electromagnet is made by coiling an electric wire around an iron nail. The magnetism can be controlled by turning the electricity on and off. A generator is used to make electricity by spinning coiled wire in a magnetic field.
Blackline Master #5, What Do Magnets Attract?
Answers will vary. Magnets attract things made of iron and steel.
Blackline Master #6, Can Magnetism Go Through Objects?
Students should find that the magnet is still effective through glass, wood, plastic, paper, and many other things. The thickness of the material and the strength of the magnet determines whether the magnet will still affect an iron object on the other side.
Blackline Master #7, Compass Construction
Observations:
1. It should settle down and point north.
2. The needle and cork should eventually stop spinning and point north again.
Conclusion: The magnetized needle is attracted to magnetic north and will move to a position that allows it to point north.
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Blackline Master #8, Lines of Force
Conclusion: When opposite poles of the magnets are brought close to each other, the lines of force are obviously pulling towards each other. When the poles of the two magnets are identical, the lines push apart.
Blackline Master #9, Electromagnets
Observations:
1. No
2. Yes
3. The magnetism went away so the paper clips fell.
Conclusion: The electromagnet needs electricity to work.
Blackline Master #10, Post-Test
Part A:
1. electricity
2. poles
3. repel
4. attract
5. lodestones
Part B:
1. b
2. An electromagnet can be turned on and off. The magnetism can be controlled.
3. Electromagnets are used in doorbells, phones, at junk yards, in speakers for stereos, etc.
4. The magnets would repel each other. They would want to move apart because the same poles are facing each other.
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INTERNET RESOURCES
The following websites may be valuable sources of additional information to reinforce the objectives of this lesson:
1. www.exploratorium.edu/snacks/iconmagnetism.html
2. www.school-for-champions.com/science/magnetism.html
3. www.magnequench.com/tech_resources/education/kids/html
4. www.brainpop.com/science/forces/magnetism/
SCRIPT OF VIDEO NARRATION
Look at this radio controlled car zooming from side to side. It can really move. What do radio controlled cars and trucks, a telephone, a doorbell, and a television have in common?
Well, yes they do all need electricity but there is one more thing common to all of them. They all use magnetism to operate. Without magnetism they would be worthless.
The electric motor in the car uses a circular magnet.
The telephone uses magnets in the receiver to change electrical signals into sound waves.
A doorbell uses electromagnets to move the clapper and the television uses magnets to direct beams of electrons across the television screen.
MAGNETITE
Over 2000 years ago, the Greeks discovered a special stone that had some very special properties. Bits of iron would stick to the stone. The stone was made of magnetite, which we now know is a natural magnet. This is a large piece of magnetite. Notice the size of the nails that cling to it. These first natural magnets were called lodestones.
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Early people thought these special stones had magical powers that could cure sore feet and headaches. But soon it was discovered that if these lodestones were hung from a string they would always face in the same direction. So they were used by sailors to guide them across the seas.
WHAT DO MAGNETS ATTRACT?
Magnets attract certain objects but have no effect at all on other things. Let's explore this idea by performing a simple experiment with everyday items from around the home.
We'll need a magnet and some items to test. We want to find out what kind of things are attracted or pulled towards the magnet. Let's begin with the iron nail. Will it be attracted by the magnet? Yes. Now let's try the piece of paper. No, it isn't attracted. Let's try the plastic comb.
No, no attraction. What about the metal can. Yes. Will these car keys be attracted? They're made of metal. No.
How about this balloon. No. How about a wood popsicle stick? No attraction. These paper clips are attracted and the staples are also attracted. Coins are made of metal.
Lets try them. No luck. The magnet doesn't attract things made of plastic, cloth, paper, or rubber. The magnet attracts things that are made of metal. But not all metals.
The magnet is attracted to things made of iron, nickel, or cobalt but things made of aluminum or copper and other metals aren't attracted.
MAKING MAGNETS
Over the years people have learned how to make magnets. If we rub a magnet along a nail made of iron or steel, we can make a magnet. To do this, the magnet must move in one direction along the nail. As you can see, the nail has been turned into a magnet. Magnets that keep their magnetism are called permanent magnets.
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Magnets come in many different sizes and shapes. There are horseshoe magnets, bar magnets, round disk magnets, all kinds. Magnets are usually made from iron or steel. Iron and steel have atoms that are magnetic.
Groups of these atoms combine to form what is called domains. Under normal conditions the domains are scattered in every direction with no order. When we used the magnet to turn the iron nail into a magnet the domains lined up in the same direction. What do you think will happen if a magnet is cut in half? Will it lose its magnetism or will each half become a magnet? Will only one half be a magnet? Look each half is a magnet. Both halves can pick up paper clips. So a magnet doesn't lose its magnetism if it is cut into pieces.
LINES OF FORCE
Take a piece of paper or some clear glass and place it over a magnet. Now carefully sprinkle some iron filings on top of the piece of paper or glass. The little pieces of iron will line up showing the invisible lines of force. You may need to tap the paper or glass to stir the iron pieces into place.
Every magnet has two poles or ends. One pole is the magnetic north pole and the opposite end is the magnetic south pole. Lets place two bar magnets under the paper or glass. Arrange them so that opposite poles are facing each other. Sprinkle the iron filings to see how the magnets effect each other.
Notice how the iron filings line up showing the attractive force between the two magnets. This time we will place the magnets so that like sides are facing each other. The lines of force are pushing away from each other. Let's see how the attractive force of a bar magnet changes.
First the spring balance is brought to one end of the bar magnet. Then as the spring is pulled away we will watch
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for a force reading. The force to pull the spring balance was over 100 grams. Now we will move the hook of the spring balance to the center of the bar magnet and repeat things. Notice that the spring balance hook is barely attracted to the center of the magnet. This shows that magnets are strongest at their poles.
The earth has a magnetic field produced by molten or very hot metal found deep below the earth's surface. The magnetism produced is like the magnetism of a bar magnet.
There is a North Pole and on the opposite side the South
Pole. Compasses will point in the direction of the magnetic field surrounding the earth. A compass has a small magnetic needle suspended above a card marked off with the points of a compass north, south, east, and west.
The Chinese were the first to use magnets to help travel.
They had a magnetic needle stuck through a straw. The straw was placed in a bowl of water so it could float freely.
The needle would turn to point in a north south direction.
Modern compasses have a magnetized needle resting on a small pin so that the needle can move freely.
ELECTROMAGNETS
Electricity and magnetism are closely tied together.
Magnetism is needed to produce electricity and electricity produces magnetism.
It was discovered that current flowing through a wire would produce a magnetic effect. If we hook this wire to a battery we can see that the compass needle swings which means the electricity going through the wire created a magnetic effect. If we coil the wire the magnetic effect is increased. When the battery is disconnected from the coil of wire the magnetism stops. The magnetic
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strength can be increased by placing an iron or steel nail inside the coil of wire. The more turns of wire the stronger the magnetism. The magnetism increases with the strength of the electric flow. So more batteries make a stronger magnetic force. Magnets that work this way are called electromagnets. They are magnets only when the electric current is flowing.
Huge electromagnets are used at junkyards to move heavy metal objects around. When the crane operator has the load in the right place they stop the flow of electricity and the electromagnet is turned off.
Doorbells use electromagnets. When a person pushes the doorbell an electric current flows into the electromagnet and it pulls the clapper over to strike a chime or a bell.
The thing that makes electromagnets special is the fact that the magnetism can be turned on and off. The strongest attractive force of a magnet is at the poles. If we bring two magnets close together we can test this idea. Notice that if unlike poles are brought near each other the magnets attract or come together. If we bring like poles close to each other they repel or push apart.
Unlike poles attract, like poles repel.
This set up shows how magnets can repel each other if like sides are facing. The three-donut magnets are arranged so that like sides are near each other. The result is floating donuts.
ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM
Michael Faraday in 1831 discovered that magnets can be used to produce an electric current. He passed a bar magnet through a coil of wire. The wire was connected to an instrument that is used to record small currents of electricity. The needle in the instrument moved and it was
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demonstrated that the movement of the magnet in the coil of wire caused a flow of electrons.
With this discovery Faraday was able to build what is called a generator. A generator is used to produce the electricity that we use everyday to run household appliances, toys, computers, televisions, and many, many other things that are so important to our modern life.
Magnetism plays an important role in making that electricity possible.
VIDEO QUIZ
Now it is time for a video quiz. There are five questions that you can answer on the Video Quiz worksheet or on a separate sheet of paper.
1. If unlike sides of two magnets are brought close to each other what will they do?
a. push away from each other b. spin around c. pull towards each other d. nothing
2. True or False: A magnet can be made by rubbing a piece of steel or iron with a permanent magnet.
3. A magnet that can be turned on and off is called a
____________.
a. lodestone.
b. magnetite.
c. electromagnet d. permanent magnet
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4. Who were the first people to use magnets for traveling on the oceans?
a. Italians b. Chinese c. French d. English
5. Michael Faraday proved that magnetism could be used to make _____ a. electricity b. power c. light d. electromagnetism
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