Official Publication of The Engineering Society of Detroit
Vol. 12 No. 1 February–March 2007
Transportation
Technology
INCLUDING
Rapid Transit
in SE Michigan:
Making It Happen
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FEB-MAR 2007
16
Official Publication of The Engineering Society of Detroit
Technology
Century
Vol. 12 No. 1 February–March 2007
20
Features
20 by tiffany draper and alex bourgeau
24 By hubert kogel
28 BY dave wright
30 BY yavuz burak canbolat and kenneth chelst
Rapid Transit in Southeast Michigan:
Making it Happen
Will You Own a smart Vehicle?
Departments
02
03
05
10
12
13
14
PUBLICATION NOTES
President’s Message
IN THE NEWS
ESD Membership/In Memoriam
SUSTAINING & Corporate MEMBERS
ESD EVENT HIGHLIGHTS
ESD Upcoming Events
SpeciaLS
16
36
What’s Happening at Michigan Universities
Who are michigan’s best young engineers?
Engineering Electrical/Electronic
Architecture for Today’s High-Tech
Vehicles
When is Outsourcing Worth
the Risk?
COVER: A rendering of high-tech electrical architecture for today’s
high-tech vehicles. See page 28. Illustration courtesy of Delphi Corporation.
ABOVE LEFT: Michigan Tech students. See page 16.
ABOVE RIGHT: Mass transit in Southeast Michigan. See page 20.
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | Technology Century
Vol. 12 No. 1 February–March 2007
2000 Town Center, Suite 2610 • Southfield, MI 48075-1307
248–353–0735 • 248–353–0736 fax • esd@esd.org • www.esd.org
ESD Publications Committee
Chair: Ralph H. Kummler, PhD, FESD, Wayne State University
Michael F. Cooper, PE, Harley Ellis Devereaux
Utpal Dutta, PhD, University of Detroit–Mercy
Christopher D. Dyrda, DaimlerChrysler Corporation
William A. Moylan, PhD, PMP, FESD, Eastern Michigan University
John G. Petty, FESD, General Dynamics
Charles L. Wu, PhD, FESD, Ford Motor Company
Yang Zhao, PhD, Wayne State University
Staff Liaison: Dale Thomas, The Engineering Society of Detroit
ESD Board of Directors
President: David S. Meynell, Dürr Systems, Inc.
PRESIDENT-ELECT: Richard J. Haller, Walbridge Aldinger Co.
Vice President: David A. Skiven, PE, General Motors Corporation
Treasurer: Steven E. Kurmas, PE, Detroit Edison
Secretary: Darlene Trudell, CAE, The Engineering Society of Detroit
Past President: Donald E. Goodwin, DaimlerChrysler Corporation
Members at large: Katherine Banicki, Testing Engineers and Consultants
Dennis M. King, FAIA, FESD, Harley Ellis Devereaux
Mary Kramer, Crain’s Detroit Business
Thomas H. Landry, Jonna Construction Company
Michael Morrison, Perot Systems
David C. Munson, Jr., PhD, University of Michigan
Douglas Patton, DENSO International America, Inc.
Richard F. Pearson, National Center for Manufacturing Sciences
Yogendra N. Rahangdale, American Axle and Manufacturing
William P. Russo, Ford Motor Company
Paul T. Sgriccia, PE, Golder Associates Inc.
Rebecca M. Spearot, PhD, PE, Allegiant Global
Mumtaz A. Usmen, PhD, PE, FESD, Wayne State University
Lewis N. Walker, PhD, PE, Lawrence Technological University
Technology Century Staff
Publisher: Darlene Trudell, CAE, ESD Executive Vice President
Pub. Coordinator: Dale Thomas, ESD Managing Director of Marketing and Communication
Creative DirECTOR: Nick Mason, ESD Creative Director and IT Systems Director
EDITOR: Susan C. McCraven
COPY EDITOR: Rachel Sprovtsoff-Mangus
Technology Century (ISSN 1091-4153 USPS 155-460) is published six times per year by The Engineering Society of Detroit (ESD),
2000 Town Center, Suite 2610, Southfield, MI 48075. Subscriptions are free to ESD members. Nonmembers may subscribe for
$175 per year by contacting ESD at 248–353–0735. Periodical postage paid at Southfield, MI, and at additional mailing offices.
POSTMASTER: Send address changes to ESD, 2000 Town Center, Suite 2610, Southfield, MI 48075.
The authors, editors and publisher will not accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made
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Advertisements in Technology Century for products, services, courses and symposia are published with a caveat emptor (buyer
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approval of the educational material offered by such advertisements. ©2006 The Engineering Society of Detroit
| Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
Publication
NOTES
Dr. Ralph H.
Kummler, FESD
ESD Publications
Committee Chair;
Dean, College of
Engineering, Wayne
State University
I’m sure many of our members listened
to or read about Governor Jennifer Granholm’s State of the State Message a few
weeks ago. As she keys in on advanced
manufacturing, life sciences, homeland
security, alternative energy, and globalization, it is good to know that ESD
is fully on board and a big advocate of
the important role of engineering in
the future of Michigan. ESD is heavily
invested in improving the education and
training of its members and the technical workforce in general, a pillar of the
Governor’s plan for “One Michigan.”
And, as you will see in the next issue
of Technology Century, ESD is doing its
part to encourage kids to consider careers
in engineering by creating a guide to
summer math and science programs.
The articles in this issue of Technology
Century exemplify the ESD member
thrusts in the area of transportation technology. Our OEMs and tier suppliers are
developing brilliant new products for
the marketplace, as demonstrated by the
Penske article on Smart Vehicles and the
Delphi Electrical/Electronic Architecture
article on high-tech vehicles.
Wayne State University’s Engineering
Management Master’s program examines the engineering science behind decisions to outsource manufacturing. It’s
not always worth the risk. SEMCOG
has been a pioneer of mass transit
strategy and tells about its latest rapid
transit planning. Finally, this issue presents a view of what our universities are
featuring in the transportation arena.
ESD PRESIDENT’s MESSAGE | February–March 2007
Michigan: A Research Hub for Alternative
Energy and Transportation Technology
ith its outstanding
universities and
exceptional breadth
of engineering and
scientific talent, the
state is well-positioned
to become the national
center for alternative
energy and transportation research
and technology. Michigan is a leading
candidate to fulfill the needs of this
important emerging sector for national
development because this is the intellectual capital and global automotive
R&D center—with the infrastructure,
technology, professionals, and corporateuniversity ties established over many
decades already in place. We must
capitalize on this exceptional foundation
of Michigan talent and technology.
While it is true that some automotive
manufacturing plants have been lost
and the competition in the global
auto industry has forced difficult
restructuring in many corporations,
automotive engineering in Michigan
is growing, particularly in the areas of
product design, R&D, and alternative
fuel technologies. Eight of the top
national alternative energy companies
are located in Michigan: United
Solar Ovonic, Consumers Energy,
DaimlerChrysler AG, Delphi Corp. (see
article, p. 28), Dow Chemical Corp.,
Energy Conversion Devices, Ford Motor
Co., and General Motors Corp.
Hydrogen, biodiesel, ethanol,
biosynthetic, solar, and nuclear
fuels are all viable considerations
for alternative energy, and these and
other exciting technologies are being
pursued here. Next Energy, a publicprivate partnership and nonprofit
organization aimed at accelerating
research, development, and manufacturing of alternative energy technologies (AET), has a new state-of-the-art
facility near Wayne State University’s
campus and has acquired millions of
dollars for AET research.
Under the leadership of the University
of Detroit Mercy, the U.S. Department of
Transportation recently announced the
creation of the Michigan-Ohio University
Transportation Center, a coalition of five
Midwestern universities. The coalition
will work to improve efficiency and
reduce transportation energy dependence
through alternative fuels. And UDM isn’t
alone—from hybrid vehicle design to
new laboratories for advanced energy,
vehicle design, and automotive and
transportation research, Technology
Century’s “What’s Happening at
Michigan Universities?” (see page 16)
demonstrates that our universities are
generating state-of-the-art technologies
in this important arena. Over $10.3
billion is spent annually in Michigan
on automotive R&D, the highest investment of its kind in the U.S.
In 2007, the North American International Auto Show (NAIA) contributed
over $500 million to Michigan
businesses in hosting its 100th premier
automotive showcase in Detroit, where
over 45 new models were unveiled.
The NAIA is the only forum where all
the top automotive executives from
around the world are in attendance.
With growing competition from other
host cities, Michigan will need to fight
hard to keep its NAIA one of the world’s
leading automotive showcases.
In response to Toyota Motor
Corp.’s push to be the world’s No. 1
automaker, GM Chairman and CEO
Rick Wagoner said, “We’re going to
fight to keep that position.” Michigan,
too, must fight to remain the national
AET leader. We have the engineering
talent, research investment, and
technological infrastructure to be the
nation’s No. 1 center for this critical,
emerging sector of alternative energy
and transportation advancements.
Sincerely,
David S. Meynell
President, ESD Board of Directors
President and CEO, DÜrr Systems, Inc.
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | IN THE NEWS
Hausmann
Brown
Ronald L. Hausmann, PE, PresidentHCS of Walbridge Aldinger Company,
was elected Chairman of the Michigan
Association of Contractors (MAC).
Mr. Hausmann has been an ESD
member since 1972. MAC is the result
of a merger of the Michigan and Greater
Detroit Chapters of the Associated
General Contractors of America, which
took place in January 2007.
Lawrence Technological University
(LTU), an ESD member since 1991,
named Steve Brown as Vice President for University Advancement. Mr.
Brown brings extensive experience in
both the private and public sectors.
LTU also named Nabil Grace, PhD,
as its first distinguished professor.
Dr. Grace is the chair of the Civil Engineering Department and director
of the Center for Innovative Materials Research at LTU. The university
distinguished professor is the highest
faculty rank at Lawrence Tech and is
awarded for exemplary achievements
that have brought special distinction
to the university.
Additionally, LTU announced the
recipients of the 2006 Donley Distinguished Graduate Awards to Alda
Gapi Black, College of Architecture
and Design, and James Jacks, College
of Management. The Donley Distinguished Graduate Award is given
annually to one female and one male
graduating student who has demonstrated scholastic achievement, leadership, and community service.
Black
Grace
Jacks
Lauer
Trevor Lauer, Vice President of Retail
Marketing for DTE Energy, was
appointed to the Michigan Renewable Fuels Commission by Governor
Jennifer Granholm. The Michigan
Renewable Fuels Commission is
charged with investigating and recommending strategies that the Governor
and Legislature may implement to
promote the use of alternative fuels
and encourage the use of vehicles that
utilize alternative fuels.
The National Center for Manufacturing Sciences (NCMS), an ESD
member since 1995, won a Defense
Manufacturing Excellence Award at the
Defense Manufacturing Conference
held in Nashville. It was recognized for
its Enhanced Wiring Integrity Systems
project. Electronic wiring problems annually cause thousands of mission aborts,
downtime, and several million maintenance work hours per year.
The General Motors Corporation
Lansing Delta Township plant won a
2006 Special Award from the Construction Owner’s Association of America for
its design and construction. GHAFARI
served as architect/engineer of record.
Hubbell, Roth & Clark, Inc. (HRC),
an ESD member since 1991, opened a
new office in Grand Rapids located in the
city’s Reniassance Zone. HRC has been
providing consulting engineering services
to municipalities and private firms in
West Michigan for over 15 years.
degree of the
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Or visit us online at cmudetroit.com.
IN METRO
DETROIT
CMU is an AA/EO institution (see www.cmich.edu/aaeo). 20801 1/07
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | IN THE NEWS
Cekauskas
Lynch
Kelly Engineering Resources, an ESD
member since 1995, announced the
winner of its Future Engineers Scholarship program. Daniel Wilson, a
mechanical engineering student at
Colorado State University, earned a
$5,000 educational scholarship for his
essay on the importance of tomorrow’s
engineers. Sponsors of the scholarship
program included The Engineering
Society of Detroit, Society of Manufacturing Engineers, Automation Alley,
Chemical Processing magazine, and Power
Engineering magazine.
Ruhberg
Thompson
GHAFARI Associates, L.L.C., an ESD
member since 1991, was named one of
the “101 Metropolitan Detroit Best and
Brightest Companies to Work For” for
the second consecutive year. GHAFARI
has also earned its third consecutive
“Future 50 of Greater Detroit” award.
The Future 50 of Greater Detroit is an
awards competition that recognizes
firms that have made a positive impact
on the economy of Southeast Michigan
through growth in employment, investments, community enhancement, revenues, and acquisitions.
Harley Ellis Devereaux, an ESD
member since 1991, announced the
following elections to principal at its
Detroit location:
Raymond V. Cekauskas, AIA, is a
magna cum laude graduate of Lawrence
Technological University and received
his master’s degree in architecture from
Washington University. He joined the
firm in 1989. Mr. Cekauskas resides in
Birmingham, Mich.
Michael T. Lynch received his law
degree from the University of Detroit
and has been a member of the firm since
2001. Mr. Lynch serves as legal counsel
for the firm and resides in Bloomfield
Hills, Mich.
Kendall D. Ruhberg, AIA, holds a
bachelor’s degree in architectural science
and architecture from Lawrence Tech.
Mr. Ruhberg joined the firm in 1996 and
his primary focus is strategic planning,
operational processes, and investigation
planning for large projects. Mr. Ruhberg
lives in Commerce, Mich.
Caponigro Public Relations Inc.
www.PRdetroit.com
Reputation management „ Media relations/ publicity
Crisis communications „ Media training
Corporate identity/branding „ Public affairs „ Speaker training
Community relations „ Employee communications
Federal and state lobbying „ Government relations
| Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
IN THE NEWS
Michigan Manufacturers’ Guide to Environmental, Health, and Safety Regulations
is now available on CD. The recently
updated 500-page guidebook is a joint
publication of the Michigan Departments of Environmental Quality and
Labor and Economic Growth. This
plain-English guide provides a comprehensive overview of state and federal
environmental, health ,and safety regulations. The CD contains a complete
PDF version of the guidebook and easy
access to all linked publications. To order
your CD, go to www.michigan.gov/deq
or call 800-662-9278.
Kettering University senior Nathaniel
Dennis of Grand Blanc was honored
with the Crash Safety Engineering
Student Excellence Award at the 50th
International Stapp Car Crash Conference in Dearborn. The award recognizes
academic excellence and innovation in
the area of occupant safety and includes
a $500 schloarship.
Jervis B. Webb, an ESD member since
1991, named Bill Rudnicki Director of
Quality. Mr. Rudnicki will be responsible for Webb’s International Standards
Organization (ISO) certification, as well
as the company’s lean manufacturing
and lean office efforts in the United
States and Canada. Jervis B. Webb is
a world leader in developing innovative material handling technology and
systems and is headquartered in Farmington Hills, Mich.
NTH Consultants, an ESD member
since 1984, opened an office in downtown Indianapolis, Ind. While NTH
may be new to the city, the local office
lead, Mr. Paul C. Larsen, PE, Vice President, has been working in Indianapolis
for almost 15 years. NTH Consultants
specializes in underground engineering,
facilities infrastructure engineering,
redevelopment engineering, resource
engineering technologies, and construction engineering services.
Golder Associates, Inc., an ESD
member since 2004, was named one of
the “Best CE Firms to Work For” by
CE News magazine, scoring 75th in the
large company category and 26th on
the overall top 50 chart. For the past
two years, Golder Associates has been
one of the top 10 large companies and
has been in the top 50 for the last five
years. Golder Associates specializes
in ground engineering and environmental services with Michigan offices
in Lansing and Wixom.
Levi T. Thompson, PhD, Richard
E. Balzhiser Collegiate Professor of
Chemical Engineering and Director
of the Hydrogen Technology Laboratory at the University of Michigan,
has been honored with the 36th ESD
Affiliate Council Gold Award. The
Gold Award is the highest honor given
jointly by the 75 engineering and technical societies who comprise ESD’s
Affiliate Council.
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email: tec@tectest.com
www.testingengineers.com
Offices in: Ann Arbor,
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www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | IN THE NEWS
University of Detroit Mercy Leads U.S. Department of
Transportation University Transportation Center
The United States Department of
Transportation announced the creation
of the Michigan-Ohio (MIOH)
University Transportation Center
(UTC), a coalition of five regional
universities: University of Detroit
Mercy (UDM), Bowling Green State
University, Grand Valley State University, University of Toledo, and Wayne
State University. The coalition will
work to significantly improve transportation efficiency, safety, and security in
Michigan and Ohio and across the nation
by increasing the effective capacity of
existing transportation infrastructure,
reducing transportation energy dependence through alternative fuels, and
enhancing supply chain performance.
Under the leadership of UDM and
Center Director Leo Hanifin, PhD,
FESD, dean of UDM’s College of Engineering & Science, the coalition will
develop and organize: new knowledge,
technology, and management systems
(Research and Development); the effective transfer of new and existing knowledge to commercial enterprises and
educational communities (Education
at Graduate and Undergraduate Levels
and Technology Transfer Programs);
and a cadre of transportation professionals that is larger, more diverse, and
better prepared to address the challenges
and opportunities of 21st century transportation systems (K–12 Outreach and
Professional Workshops). MIOH is part
of a nationwide academic network of
UTCs funded by the U.S. Department
of Transportation (USDOT) to address
issues of a nation on the move in a global
economy and will work toward:
• Improving efficiency and use of
existing transportation infrastructures, including solutions that exploit
emerging Vehicle Infrastructure Integration systems;
• Reducing energy dependence
through alternative fuels and alternative energy-powered vehicles; and
• Enhancing supply chain performance
via methods including Intelligent
Transportation Systems.
“Overall, the MIOH UTC will
contribute important new knowledge
and develop future transportation
professionals,” said Hanifin. “It will
improve the Michigan-Ohio region
and the nation in ways that affect
everyone by decreasing congestion,
University of Detroit Mercy offers the following graduate
programs for transportation professionals:
•
•
•
•
•
•
Accelerate your career in
transportation with
a UDM graduate degree
in engineering.
| Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
Master’s in Product Development
Master’s in Engineering Management
Master of Engineering – Civil and Environmental
Master of Engineering – Mechanical
Master of Engineering – Electrical and Computer
Doctor of Engineering
Study with other transportation professionals in small
classes taught by faculty experts. Courses and research
focus on critical areas of mechatronics, embedded
intelligence and control, transportation systems,
vehicle reliability, systems architecture and engineering,
autonomous vehicles, and product development
methods.
For more information, contact UDM’s College of
Engineering & Science at 313-993-1197.
We want great things for you.
800-635-5020 http://eng-sci.udmercy.edu/
IN THE NEWS
improving supply chain effectiveness,
reducing pollutants, and reducing fossilfuel dependence.”
In addition to a four-year commitment from USDOT, funds will also
come from Michigan DOT and
partner universities and corporations
for a total of over $1 million per year.
Eight research and education projects
approved for the first year will involve
64 faculty and student researchers.
Projects will include Ethanol from Peat,
New Transportation/Supply Chain
and Hydraulic Hybrid Education
Programs, Traffic Congestion Relief,
Biodiesel Stability, Congestion Avoidance for Supply Chain Improvement,
Evaluation of an Intelligent Transportation System in Oakland County, and
Alternative Fuel Education for High
School Students.
UDM is Michigan’s largest private
Catholic university, offering nearly
100
majors and programs in 60 academic
LookCMYK6.875x4.375-TechCentury
fields. Sponsored by the Society of Jesus
(the Jesuits) and the Sisters of Mercy of the
Americas, the university has two campuses
located in downtown and northwest
Detroit. For the fifth consecutive year,
UDM is in the top tier of Midwestern
master’s universities,
1/26/06
4:56 PM according
Page 1 to U.S.News
& World Report, “America’s Best Colleges
2006”; UDM is the highest ranked of
all Michigan schools in this category. In
addition, UDM is ranked fifth among
Midwestern master’s universities for the
diversity of its student body. For more information see mioh-utc.udmercy.edu.
Southf ield
TOWN CENTER
LOOK INTO WORLD-CLASS OFFICE SPACE AT DOMESTIC RATES
Southfield Town Center is a 2.2 million square foot office landmark where more than
6,000 people conduct business every day. Unparalleled amenities include signature restaurants,
prominent banks, child care, state-of-the-art health club, travel services, a four-star hotel and
many other important conveniences. Don’t miss your opportunity to join over 250 leading
companies in this outstanding location at extremely attractive rates.
Premier Office And Retail Space Available With Covered Parking
P 248.350.2222
F 248.350.2266
southfieldtowncenter.com
B L A C K S T O N E
PROPERTY MANAGEMENT
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | ESD MEMBERSHIP
ESD’s Newest Individual Members
Lindsay Allen
Student
Michigan State University
Kevin Austin
DaimlerChrysler Corp.
Barbara Aylesworth
Principal
Lumen Consulting
Keith Barnes
Student
Michigan State University
Kristian B. Barton
Safety Engineer
US Army TARDEC
Robert Baumgartner
Tetra Tech, Inc.
Cheryl Becker
Senior Environmental Engineer
Soil & Materials Engineers, Inc.
James Bolton
Owner/President
Bloomfield Birmingham
Mortgage Co./Birmingham
Realty
John Eagy
Recruiting Manager
Modern Professional Services
David James Eby
Managing Engineer
Exponent
Toney S. Flack, PE
Director, Information
Lear Corporation
Linda Gamble
Environmental Engineer
ACH
Jeriesha Bridges
Scott Giancarli
Technical Recruiter
Computer & Engineering
Services
Jeffrey R. Caponigro
Founder/CEO
Caponigro Public Relations Inc.
Kirsten Marie Carr
Director
Packer Engineering
Thomas Carron
Senior Engineer
Integrated Design Solutions
Dennis Cavitt
Managing Director
Center for Professional Studies
David Cenefels
McDowell & Associates
Nicolas Chalhoub
Senior Electrical Engineer
CH2M Hill, Inc.
Sui Lee Chan
Student
Michigan State University
Daniel Cherrin
Vice President
Caponigro Public Relations Inc.
Scott Churley
Senior Technical Recruiter
Modern Professional Services
Teresa Ciesielski
Engineer
Atwell-Hicks, Inc.
Nichole D’Andrea
Clarke
Engineer
DTE Energy
Gala & Associates, Inc.
Lead Engineering Recruiter
Computer & Engineering
Services
Gregory Gliniecki
Student
Michigan State University
John H. Goodale
Engineer
Washington Group
International
Ziad Hanna
Structural Engineer
Alfred Benesch
Louis Hill
Fishbeck, Thompson, Carr &
Huber, Inc.
Eric Hosier
T & D Electrical Engineer
Wyandotte Municipal Services
William A. Johnson
Owner/General Manager
Northstar Appraisal, LLC
Sameer Joseph
Project Engineer
F.Y.N Eng
Len Kelly
Sr. Manufacturing Engineer
General Motors Corp.
Tanya King
Engineer
Orchard Hiltz & McCliment,
Inc.
Daniel Kevin Krist
Teodor Leoveanu
Engineer
DTE Energy
Ruthie Levy
Environmental Engineer
Cummins & Barnard, Inc.
Chi-Fai (Gary) Lo
Student
Michigan State University
Daniel Lorenz
Pipeline Integrity Engineer
Consumers Energy
Kirk A. Loveall
Project Manager
Hennessey Engineers, Inc.
Chuck MacFarlane
Sales Manager
Rumford Industrial Group, Inc.
Tahir Mahmood
President
Power Factor Engineering
Prasad Mandava
CEO
Visual Collaboration
Technologies Inc.
Mark Marheineke
President
Modern Professional Services
Richard C. Maynard
Manager of Special Projects
Division
Turner Construction Co.
Janice Kathleen
Means, PE
Lawrence Technological
University
Gordon Meldrum
President
Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
John James Morse,
IV
Student
Michigan State University
Dino P. Nanni
Mechanical Engineer
Cummins & Barnard, Inc.
Destin Magloire
Noa
Student
Lawrence Technological
University
Robert Noe
Mechanical Engineer
Peter Basso Associates, Inc.
John Anthony
Novak
Electrical Engineer
Building Automated Systems
and Services
Mechanical Engineer
FTCH
Mark Krueger
Technical Recruiter
Quanta, Inc.
Wiss, Janney, Elstner Associates
Joseph LaBella
Laura Nowak
Kevin Nunning
Student
Allen Comfort
Of Counsel
Kitch Drutchas Wagner &
Valitutti & Sherbrook, P.C.
Jacob Creisher
Gary J. Law
Richard E. Palm
Erika Davis
Steven Lenisa
US Army TACOM
Alfred Benesch & Co.
Civil Engineer
Michigan Department of
Transportation
Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
Buck Drummond
Paul Geisler
Chris Buchanan
| Project Engineer
Giffels-Webster Engineers
Value Mgmt. Technical
Specialist
TRW Automotive
Student
Wayne State University
10 Matthew Michael
Davis
Senior Designer
DaimlerChrysler Corporation
Student
Lawrence Technological
University
Ava Ortner
Stark Reagan
Senior Engineer, Bolted Joint
and Fatigue Analysis
Ford Motor Company
Ivona Paluchowski
Senior Technical Recruiter
Quanta, Inc.
ESD MEMBERSHIP
Sameer Patel
Motor City Electric Co.
Rory Pawl
David Saward
Engineer
Conestoga-Rovers & Associates
ESD’s Newest
Corporate Members
Application Engineer
Freudenberg-NOK General
Partnership
Jessica Schmansky
Robert Perkins
Joel Smith, AIA
Michelle Phillips
Larry Jerome Smith
Student
Bloomfield/Birmingham
Mortgage Company
Nicole Smith
Rep: Buck Drummond
Manager of Engineering
Robert Bosch Corporation
HR Coordinator
GRA-MAG Truck Interior
Systems
Deanna Pietrzak
Project Manager
The Traverse Group
Scott Porter
Engineering Manager
Horiba Automotive Test
Systems Inc.
Sonya M. Pouncy
Vice President
ASHRAE - Detroit Chapter
Bradley A. Pritts
Senior Consultant
Results Systems Corporation
Kevin Reese
Student
Michigan Technological
University
Richard Riehl
Account Executive
Hartland Insurance Group, Inc.
Stephanie Rumford
Rumford Industrial Group, Inc.
Satish Sadwal
Sakiru Adekunle
Sanni
Environmental
DaimlerChrysler
Student
Michigan State University
Vice President
Neumann/Smith Architecture
Recruiter
Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
Stephen E. Smith,
AIA
TMP Associates, Inc.
Paul Szlaga
Student
Michigan State University
Amanda Tackett
Director of Publishing
Construction Association of
Michigan
Lambrina A. Tercala
Design Engineer
O’Brien & Gere
Michael Volz
Student
Michigan State University
Kirk Walker
Construction Engineer
OHM
Michael Wend
Student
Frederic Charles
Witter
Civil Engineer I
City of Port Huron
Computer & Engineering Services
Rep: Scott Giancarli
Modern Professional Services
Rep: Julie Greene
GRA-MAG Truck Interior
Systems
Rep: Michelle Phillips
Northstar Appraisal LLC
Rep: William A. Johnson, CMEA
Caponigro Public Relations Inc.
Rep: Daniel Cherrin, Esq.
In Memoriam
With deep gratitude for their
membership and service, The
Engineering Society of Detroit
acknowledges the deaths of the
following members:
H. Fred Campbell, FESD
Chairman, Campbell Development
Company
Horace H. Rackham Humanitarian
Award, 1998
Lifetime Achievement Award, 2004
Member, ESD College of Fellows
Member since 1942
Kenneth Neumann, FAIA
President, Newmann/Smith Associates
Member since 1981
Henry W. Ruifrok
Call Laura Govan
at 248–353–0735,
ext. 4120, to become
a Member.
Retired/Harley Ellington Associates Project Engineer
Member since 1985
ESD Corporate representatives and alternates
receive free subscriptions to Crain’s Detroit
Business, compliments of ESD, as part of their
company’s corporate membership.
ESD Fellow Dies at 100
ESD Legacy Society
The Engineering Society of
Detroit is committed to serving
this generation of engineers and
fostering the next. To ensure that
we achieve our mission, we have
created the ESD Legacy Society. As
leaders who know firsthand what
it takes to meet life’s challenges,
we invite you to become a member
of this program. To join, you need
only pledge a gift in any amount
to ESD from your estate. For
more information, contact Dale
Thomas at dthomas@esd.org or
248–353–0735, ext. 4123.
H. Fred Campbell,
FESD, ESD’s oldest
member, died on
December 25, 2006,
at the age of 100.
A remarkable,
gregarious man and
talented inventor,
Mr. Campbell
Campbell
achieved many
successes in the construction industry
during his long lifetime, as noted in a
revealing interview in Technology Century
magazine in the August-September 2006
issue. Mr. Campbell was the recipient
of ESD’s highest honor, the Horace H.
Rackham Humanitarian Award. He was
best known for his sage advice: “Build
what is necessary — cheaper, faster, and
better than anyone else”.
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | 11
ESD Thanks Our Sustaining and Corporate Members, the Foundation of Our Success
Ford Motor Company
360 Services
Aerotek, Inc.
Albert Kahn Associates, Inc.
American Axle & Manufacturing
American Iron & Steel Institute
American Society of Employers
ARKEMA Inc.
BEI Associates Inc.
Bloomfield-Birmingham Mortgage
Bolton & Associates, LLC
Boyden Executive Search
Bruel & Kjaer Instruments, Inc.
Building Industry Association of
Southeast Michigan
C. Ayers Limited
Caponigro Public Relations Inc.
Central Michigan University
CeramicTech Dental Lab, Inc.
Chrysan Industries
Civil & Environmental Consultants, Inc.
Climatek Engineering Inc.
Complete Digital Integration
Computer & Engineering Services
Compuware
Construction Association of Michigan
Cornerstone Controls
CTI & Associates, Inc.
DaimlerChrysler Corporation
The Dako Group
DeMaria Building Company, Inc.
DENSO International America, Inc.
The Dragun Corporation
DTE Energy
DTE Energy Gas Operations
Dürr Systems, Inc.
Eastern Michigan University
12 | Electrical Resources Company
Elevator, Inc.
Elsas Engineering, P.C.
EMC² Inc.
Engineering Laboratories, Inc.
Financial One, Inc.
Ford Motor Company
Fori Automation
Gannett Fleming of Michigan, Inc.
Gas Recovery Systems, Inc.
Gates Corporation
General Dynamics
General Motors Corporation–WFG
Gensler
George W. Auch Company
GHAFARI Associates, LLC
Glenn E. Wash & Associates, Inc.
Golder Associates, Inc.
GRA-MAG
GZA GeoEnvironmental, Inc.
Harley-Davidson Motor Company
Harley Ellis Devereaux
Hartland Insurance Group, Inc.
Henry Ford Health System
Hinshon Environmental Consulting, Inc.
HNTB Michigan, Inc.
Horiba Automotive Test Systems, Inc.
Hubbell, Roth & Clark, Inc.
Jacobs Sverdrup
Jervis B. Webb
Kelly Services
Kettering University
KFORCE Professional Staffing
Kitch Drutchas Wagner Valitutti &
Sherbrook, P.C.
Kolene Corporation
Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
L3 Communications-Combat Propulsion
Systems
Lawrence Technological University
Lear Corporation
Limbach Company, Inc.
Link Engineering Co.
LTI Information Technology
Macomb Community College
Mando America Corporation
Maner, Costerisan & Ellis, P.C.
Metaldyne Corporation
Michigan State University
Michigan Technological University
Midwest Steel Inc.
Midwestern Consulting, LLC
Modern Engineering, Inc.
Modern Professional Services
Monetek, LLC
Myron Zucker, Inc.
National Center for Manufacturing
Sciences
Newman Consulting Group, LLC
NextEnergy
Northern Industrial Manufacturing
Corporation
Northstar Appraisal
NTH Consultants, Ltd.
Oakland University
On Assignment
Original Equipment Suppliers Association
Paragon Forensic Engineering
Parsons Brinckerhoff
Patrick Engineering Inc.
Perceptron, Inc.
Perot Systems Corporation
Professional Concepts Insurance Agency
Professional Underwriters, Inc.
Q·Quest Corporation
Quanta, Inc.
R.L. Coolsaet Construction Co.
The Rains Group, A Division of Gallagher
Benefit Services
Remy, Inc.
Results Systems Corp.
Ruby & Associates, P.C.
Rumford Industrial Group, Inc
Shaw Environmental, Inc.
Simons-White Associates, Inc.
Skanska USA Building Inc.
Southwest Research Institute
Tech-Line Engineering Company
Technip USA
Testing Engineers & Consultants, Inc.
Trammell Crow Company
TranSystems Corporation
Trialon Corporation
Turner Construction Co.
U.S. Manufacturing Corp.
Universal Weatherstrip and Building Supply
University of Detroit Mercy
University of Michigan
University of Michigan–Dearborn
Veolia Water North America
W.K. Krill & Associates, Inc.
Wade-Trim
Walbridge Aldinger Co.
Washington Group International
Wayne State University
Western Michigan University
White Construction Co.
WorleyParsons
ESD Event Highlights
ESD Engineering & Technology Job Fair
Showcasing the many high-skill jobs available in Michigan and the qualified talent in our state,
the 2007 ESD Engineering & Technology Job Fair, on February 13, drew over 65 exhibitors and over
1,000 attendees to the atrium of the Southfield Town Center. ESD welcomes the hundreds of new
members who joined ESD at the Job Fair.
The Job Fair’s supporters included Hartland Insurance (Gold Sponsor);
Central Michigan University (Silver Partner), shown above; Civil &
Environmental Consultants, Inc. (Beverage Sponsor); and Golder Associates (Program Sponsor).
GHAFARI (top) was among the exhibitors.
David S. Meynell (above), President and CEO,
Dürr Systems, Inc., was personally interviewing candidates at Job Fair.
The Job Fair included many of Michigan’s engineering, technology, and
management corporations. Companies recruited in disciplines ranging
from architecture to environmental engineering to manufacturing.
Conestoga-Rovers & Associates is pictured above.
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | 13
UPCOMING ESD EVENTS
Fall Protection Safety Class
March 6, 2007
This half-day seminar is a must for anyone concerned about
health and safety on the job. You will understand what
MIOSHA expects to see during an inspection, how to
minimize your exposure to the dangers of falling, provide an
overview of the MIOSHA requirements for fall protection in
a plain-language interpretation, receive accident statistics, and
learn acceptable alternatives to the standard fall protection
requirements. This course is at ESD headquarters, from 9–noon.
For information and to register for classes, please visit
www.esd.org or contact Fran Mahoney at 248-353-0735,
ext. 4116, or fmahoney@esd.org.
3rd Thursday Networking Event
Thursday, March 15, 2007
Join us for fun and networking at The Skyline Club, part of
a series of free networking events hosted by ESD, the City of
Southfield, and the Southfield Area Chamber of Commerce.
Take advantage of this opportunity to network with engineers and business leaders throughout Southeast Michigan. We
will meet from 4–6 p.m. on Thursday, March 15, 2007, at The
Skyline Club in Southfield. Hors d’oeuvres will be served, and
there will be a cash bar. Full details are at www.esd.org.
There is no cost to attend. Please come and register on site.
For information, contact Tim Walker at 248-353-0735,
ext. 4115, or twalker@esd.org.
Carlisle Regional Roofing
Design Conference
Tuesday, April 10, 2007
This full-day Roofing Design Conference will begin with a
history and overview of roofing in general and an in-depth
discussion of various roofing systems, including advantages
and disadvantages of each system. Topics such as re-roofing
concerns, code issues (fire and wind), and warranty interpretations will be covered. The program will also include discussions pertaining to high-performance roof systems and current
industry issues represented by sustainable designs, energyefficient assemblies, and green roof technology. A group panel
discussion to address questions and other items of interest will
conclude the program.
The conference takes place at the Holiday Inn Southfield.
Attendees are eligible for AIA, RCI, or CEH continuing education credits. For more information, contact Alan Wiechert at
313-999-6717 or alanw@comroofs.com.
14 | Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
Judy Raven of ARI discussing her services at an ESD networking event.
Accent Reduction Training for Clear,
Concise Communication
Various Dates
The Engineering Society of Detroit is proud to bring you a
dynamic and intensive accent reduction training program
on a quarterly basis. This full-day seminar will give nonnative English-speaking professionals the tools to maintain
their personal identity while reducing language barriers with
English-speaking colleagues.
At this seminar participants will:
• Master the visual and auditory techniques necessary for
clear articulation of the 10 most commonly mispronounced
sounds in English.
• Be taught the proper pronunciation for the 500 most
commonly used words in American English.
• Be taught industry-specific words, idioms, and jargon thatprofessionals use on a daily basis.
• Receive guided practice and individual feedback.
• Receive a copy of “Lose Your Accent in 28 Days” book
and CD-ROM.
• Learn the pronunciation techniques necessary to articulate
all Standard American Pronunciation sounds. Specifically:
15 vowel sounds; 24 consonants; and 23 patterns of rhythm,
stress, and intonation.
• Receive a custom-made practice guide that addresses the
participants’ specific American accent needs. The customized practice guide consists of a PDF, with written instruction and practice exercises, as well as an MP3 of audio
recordings for guided practice.
Upcoming 2007 dates: March 14, June 13, September 11,
and December 12. For additional information or to register,
visit www.esd.org or contact Fran Mahoney at 248-353-0735,
ext. 4116, or fmahoney@esd.org.
UPCOMING ESD EVENTS
Windmill exhibitors at last year’s Energy Conference.
Attendees at last year’s Solid Waste Technical Conference.
2007 Energy Conference and
Exhibition
ESD 18th Annual Solid Waste
Technical Conference
Tuesday, May 15, 2007
Tuesday & Wednesday, October 23-24
The 2007 Energy Conference and Exhibition hosted by ESD and DTE Energy is a
one-day conference and exhibition on the
latest innovations in alternative energy
sources and energy efficiency. This is one of
the largest energy conferences and exhibitions held in metropolitan Detroit. The event will take place at
the Rock Financial Showplace in Novi, Mich. For more information on exhibiting, sponsoring or attending, contact Tim
Walker at 248-353-0735, ext. 4115, or twalker@esd.org
Organized by ESD, this 2-day conference and training session
will explore issues and regulatory changes that affect the solid
waste industry. The conference is on Wednesday, October 24,
2007, at the Kellogg Hotel & Conference Center on the campus
of Michigan State University in East Lansing, Mich. Attendees
can also sign up for a pre-conference training day on Tuesday,
October 23, 2007.
For more information on exhibiting, sponsoring or
attending the conference, contact Tim Walker at 248-353-0735,
ext. 4115, or twalker@esd.org
ESD Annual Dinner
2008 Economic Forecast Conference
for Design and Construction
Thursday, June 21, 2007
Save the date for the gala ESD Annual Dinner, to be held this
year at The Detroit Science Center. The evening includes the
annual ESD Leadership Awards as well as the ESD Construction
and Design Awards and the ESD Alpha Awards for Innovation
in Engineering and Technology. This is an evening you do not
want to miss, as it promises to be the most spectacular yet.
For more information or to sponsor this event, visit www.
esd.org or contact Tim Walker at 248-353-0735, ext. 4115, or
twalker@esd.org
Thursday, October 25, 2006
Don’t gamble on the future of your company. Before
preparing your strategic and marketing plans, attend ESD’s
Economic Forecast Conference to learn what to expect next
year in the Midwest design and construction arena. Speakers
will include experts from healthcare; automotive; higher
education; commercial, industrial, and retail; and the City of
Detroit who will enlighten you on expected opportunities in
their market segment during the coming year. The Annual
Design & Construction Industry Summit Award will be
presented at this event.
The Economic Keynote speaker will be Carl Tannenbaum,
Chief Economist for LaSalle Bank.
The event takes place from 7 a.m. to 12 p.m. at Laurel Manor
in Livonia. Sponsorships are available. To register or for more
information, contact Leslie Smith at 248-353-0735, ext. 4152, or
lsmith@esd.org.
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | 15
What’s Happening at Michigan Universities
in Transportation Technology
Lawrence Tech Provides Diverse
Transportation Solutions
Lawrence Technological University’s Automotive Engineering
Institute (http://www.ltu.edu/engineering/aei.asp)
provides applied research and development capabilities to
corporations and government organizations, and its Vehicle
Dynamics Laboratory helps researchers optimize vehicle
performance and safety. LTU is introducing an innovative
bachelor’s degree in transportation design that blends
engineering and technology knowledge with design theory
and practice. Carbon-fiber reinforced polymers (CFRPs)
developed and tested at Lawrence Tech’s Center for Innovative
Materials Research will extend the lifespan of bridges and
highways. Lawrence Tech has also conducted corridor
redevelopment studies for several communities. For more
information, contact Dean of Engineering Laird Johnston at
248-204-2500 or lejohnston@ltu.edu.
At WSU’s Center for Automotive Engineering, Governor Jennifer Granholm
listens to Naeim Henein, Automotive Research Center director, discuss
the new transparent combustion engine—one of only a few in the
world—for conventional and alternative fuel research. Dinu Taraza,
mechanical engineering professor and automotive combustion engine
expert, is standing center.
WSU’s Automotive Research Center and
Alternative Energy Tech Program Offer
Exciting Options in Automotive Engineering
Whether students are interested in a career in automotive
engineering (BS to PhD) or alternative energy technology
(MS), Wayne State University’s College of Engineering’s
internationally recognized automotive engine faculty
provides exciting learning opportunities. Students gain handson experience in diesel engines, bio-fuels, hybrid and hydrogen
fuel cells, and alternative energy technologies. A soon-to-beconstructed Engineering Development Center will expand
state-of-the-art automotive research labs. For more information,
please visit http://eng.wayne.edu or contact Naeim Henein
at henein@eng.wayne.edu, Trilochan Singh at tsingh@eng.
wayne.edu, or Simon Ng at sng@eng.wayne.edu.
16 | Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
Lawrence Tech students install sensors for testing bridge box beams
reinforced with CFRPs developed by University Distinguished Professor Nabil Grace, director of the university’s Center for Innovative Materials Research.
Student Transportation Technology
Teams and Research Advance at UDM
University of Detroit Mercy took third place out of 41
teams at the 14th Annual Intelligent Ground Vehicle
Competition held at Selfridge Air National Guard Base.
Competing against entries from 30 universities (U.S.,
Canada, India, and Japan), Team-UDM’s entry won
third place in the Navigation Challenge and fourth
place in the Autonomous Navigation Challenge.
The U.S. Army Tank and Automotive Research,
Development and Engineering Center (TARDEC) is
funding a new center at UDM to develop advanced
military vehicles. The Advanced Ground Vehicle
Reliability Research Center, established in September
2006, builds on the expertise and resources of UDM
mechanical and electrical/computer engineering faculty
to combine innovative technologies to advance mobility
and agility in driven and driverless vehicles and related
systems. First-year support for this research will be over
$750,000. For more information, please contact Dr.
Michael Jenkins at jenkinsm@udmercy.edu.
ABOVE: Students from UDM College of Engineering and Science team
demonstrate their entry in the 14th Annual Intelligent Ground Vehicle
Competition for Senator Carl Levin.
UM Offers Design & Control of Hybrid Vehicles
Hybrid vehicle principles,
dynamic models, and
use of analytical tools for
maximum fuel economy
are all part of a threeday certificate program
(February 26 to 28, 2007)
that is part of a new online
MS in Global Automotive
and Manufacturing Engineering (Global MEng)
Students learn the working principles
via UM. Recipient of the
and dynamic modeling of hybrid
2006 Program Profile
vehicles in UM’s Design and Control
Award from Sloan Consor- of Hybrid Vehicles program
tium, Global MEng includes innovative coursework strategically aligned to accelerate global initiatives in partnership
with outstanding worldwide universities. Global MEng’s 30credit MS degree is a flexible curriculum designed to emphasize outstanding depth and breadth in pertinent engineering
disciplines, knowledge of basic management issues, awareness
of global industry and market trends, and the ability to lead
global teams and product development. For more information,
please visit the UM website at www.cpd.engin.umich.edu or
call 734-647-7200.
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | 17
MAKING THE MICHIGAN DIFFERENCE
College of Engineering
Graduate and Professional Programs
ENAblING ENGINEERs, MANAGERs,
AND TECHNICAl PRoFEssIoNAls
To bE MoRE EFFECTIvE
Our suite of graduate degree, professional development
and certification programs leverages the faculty and
resources of the world-class University of Michigan
College of Engineering. To learn how we can help you
make the Michigan Difference in your organization,
visit our website at cpd.engin.umich.edu, send an email to
MEonline@umich.edu or call (734) 647-7200.
Graduate Programs
Automotive Engineering *
Design Sciences (PhD)
Financial Engineering
Global Automotive &
Manufacturing Engineering *
Integrated Microsystems *
Manufacturing Engineering *
Master of Engineering/
Master of Business Administration *
Pharmaceutical Engineering *
Professional Programs
Lean Six Sigma Graduate Certificate *
Short Courses and Certification Programs *
* Available both on campus and online
Register online Today:
cpd.engin.umich.edu
The Regents of the University of Michigan: Julia Donovan Darlow, Laurence B. Deitch, Olivia P. Maynard, Rebecca McGowan, Andrea Fischer Newman, Andrew C. Richner, S. Martin Taylor, Katherine E. White, Mary Sue Coleman (ex officio)
A Non-discriminatory, Affirmative Action Employer.
At the CAViDS Consortium MOU signing, from left: Dr. Timothy
Greene, Dean, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, WMU; Dale
Kwasniewski, Eaton Corporation; David Gordon, MANN+HUMMEL USA,
Inc.; Charles Vaillant, MANN+HUMMEL USA, Inc.; Dr. William W. Liou,
Director, CAViDS, WMU; Pras Adhikari, Dana Corporation; Ken Kacynski,
L-3 Communications; and Janet Pisaneschi, Provost, WMU.
A Warm Mix Asphalt demo at MTU hosted by MDOT and Payne & Dolan.
Consortium Leads WMU’s New Center for
Advanced Vehicle Design and Simulation
Diverse resources in automotive research and technology in the
College of Engineering at Western Michigan University directly
support the new Center for Advanced Vehicle Design and Simulation (CAViDS). CAViDS focuses on developing computer simulation capabilities and validations to enhance vehicle product design,
manufacturing, and reliability. Members of the recently formed
CAViDS Consortium include Dana Corporation, Eaton Corporation, L-3 Communications, MANN+HUMMEL USA, representatives from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, and U.S. Army
TARDEC (Tank-Automotive Research, Development & Engineering Center). As the first university-industry-government lab
consortium of its kind in Western Michigan, CAViDS Consortium
will share cost and benefit in developing medium- and long-term
applied research for ground vehicles.
For information, contact: Dr. William W. Liou, Director of
CAViDS, at 269-276-3430 or William.Liou@wmich.edu.
Create the Future of Transportation
Infrastructure at MTU
Through the University Transportation Center–Materials
in Sustainable Transportation Infrastructure (MiSTI),
researchers are reexamining aggregates, concrete, asphalt, and
Portland cement striving to discover economical solutions that
address societal needs for transportation infrastructure while
protecting the environment. Asphalt shingles may be recycled
instead of landfilled, bridges may use one-third less materials
by maintaining strength with small steel fibers or other innovative materials, and modern structures may be built with
polymers or recycled plastic materials that consume less energy
to create. The Michigan Technological University Center
emphasizes sustainable materials research, opening
up nontraditional avenues to graduate research in civil
engineering, including materials science and chemistry. To
learn more, visit www.misti.mtu.edu or contact Dr. Tom Van
Dam at either 906-487-2524 or tvandam@mtu.edu.
New $10 Million Energy & Automotive
Research Laboratories at MSU
This spring, Michigan State University’s College of Engineering
will dedicate its new Energy & Automotive Research Laboratories,
a facility for improving automobile engine efficiency, reducing
vehicle emissions, and seeking alternative energy sources. The
new complex features two engine test cells, a cold start room
for subzero testing, and a powertrain research laboratory.
Researchers in the college are already working to develop
clean diesel engines, recover waste heat from exhaust, and
further develop hybrid electric vehicle technology. Students
work alongside faculty mentors to conduct multidisciplinary
research on current problems of high priority, which prepares
MSU graduates to play leading roles in meeting the industry’s
future needs. For more information, please contact Dr. Eann
Patterson at 517-353-9861 or eann@egr.msu.edu, or Dr. Harold
Schock at 517-353-9328 or schock@egr.msu.edu.
CMU in Metro Detroit—BS Degree in Vehicle
Engineering Design Technology
The recently updated Central Michigan University curriculum—in
consultation with industry leaders, graduates, and faculty—reflects
the ongoing changes in the vehicle industry and technology.
CMU’s new Bachelor of Science degree in Vehicle Engineering
Design Technology aims to meet the needs of today’s emerging
automotive industry by promoting innovative design and
preparing students to be successful design team members. CMU’s
Master of Science in Administration, with a Vehicle Design and
Manufacturing Administration concentration, prepares students
to take leadership roles in this demanding field. CMU graduates understand and implement the complete engineering and
manufacturing processes involved in creating vehicles in the
high-tech global marketplace. For more information, please
contact The Vehicle Design Center at vdesign@cmich.edu or
phone 248-526-2645 or visit cmudetroit.com.
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | 19
Rapid Transit in Southeast Michigan:
Making It Happen
by Tiffany Draper and Alex Bourgeau
apid transit may soon
make its way into Southeast
Michigan. In the Ann Arborto-Detroit corridor, strong
support is coming from
residents, elected officials at all levels,
grassroots organizations, and the
private sector. Regional support is key
to implementing rapid transit.
20 | Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
SEMCOG’s Vision for Regional Transit
Leaders have long recognized the regional needs for reliable and
efficient public transit, but were unable to reach a consensus on
a plan for implementation. This situation began to change in
2001, when—with extensive public involvement and support
from regional stakeholders—the Southeast Michigan Council
of Governments (SEMCOG) adopted a comprehensive regional
transit plan titled “Improving Transit in Southeast Michigan: A
Framework for Action.”
Goals for Southeast Michigan
The transit vision advocates for an improved transit system
that would enhance the overall system in the region, provide
greater mobility options, and improve the region’s economic
competitiveness. It consists of four tiers:
1. Recommend rapid transit on 12 regional corridors covering
259 miles
2. Improve the frequency, reliability, and safety of the current
fixed-route bus service
3. Expand community transit, particularly in more rural areas
4. Develop regional transit links from the tri-county (Wayne,
Oakland, and Macomb Counties) urban areas to Ann Arbor,
Port Huron, Howell, and Monroe urban areas
Ann Arbor-to-Detroit Corridor Best Option
The Ann Arbor-to-Detroit corridor is the first of the 12 rapid
transit corridors to be studied and is a strong candidate because
the corridor has:
• Four of the region’s 10 most populous cities;
• Three of the top five employment centers;
• 103 major retail centers;
• 135,000 students at 10 universities and colleges;
• Detroit Metropolitan Airport (Metro Airport), with over
16 million annual boardings, 18,000 employees, and 71,000
other related jobs;
• Numerous tourist and sports attractions, entertainment
venues, and special events
SEMCOG is studying rapid transit alternatives in this
corridor following the Federal Transit Administration’s (FTA)
New Starts guidelines to ensure federal capital funding eligibility.
Five “Build Alternatives” were selected for more detailed
analysistwo commuter rail options (CRT), two bus rapid
transit options (BRT), and one light rail (LRT) option. These
alternatives were compared in terms of cost, transit times,
station location, mode, and alignment, with the goal of finding
a balance between the number and placement of station locations
and impacts on ridership and overall trip times.
Table 1.
Build Alternatives and TSM Baseline
Candidate Alternatives
Mode
Number of
Stations
Frequency (Peak/Off
Peak),
Service to
Airport
Service to
Downtown Detroit
TSM
Premium Bus
(4 routes)
38 to 40
20 min./30 min. each
route
Direct service
Direct service
BRT 5 (Michigan Ave.)
Bus Rapid
Transit
(3 routes)
30 to 31
20 min./30 min. each
route
Direct service
Direct service
BRT 6 (I-94/Michigan Ave.)
Bus Rapid
Transit
(4 routes)
25 to 26
20 min./30 min. each
route
Direct service
Direct service
CRT 1 (NS Michigan Line)
Commuter Rail
Transit
9 to 10 CRT
20 min./30 min.
Transfer to bus
or LRT
CRT 1A: Bus or LRT
CRT 1E: direct service
CRT 2 (I-94/
NS Detroit Division)
Commuter Rail
Transit/ Bus
Rapid Transit
5 to 6 CRT
9 to 11 BRT
20 min./30 min.
Direct service
CRT 2A: Bus or LRT
CRT 2E: Direct
service
LRT 5 (Michigan Ave.)
Light Rail Transit
30
20 min./30 min.
Transfer to bus
or LRT
Direct service
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | 21
Comparison of Five Mass Transit Options
These alternatives were compared against “No Build” and
Transportation Systems Management (TSM) alternatives. TSM
represents the best that can be done to meet the purpose of the
project without an investment in a fixed guideway (ground
or elevated rail system). TSM is used to provide a baseline
against which to measure the benefits of the Build Alternatives,
summarized in Table 1.
Projecting ridership and cost for the five alternatives in this
corridor is challenging because there is no comparable level of
regional service and no field data to validate the model. This obstacle
was overcome through gathering population and employment data
and conducting surveys to provide input in the forecast model to
determine the best ridership estimates possible.
The five alternatives were evaluated against 15 criteria.
Three criteriadaily transit trips (ridership), capital costs, and
operations and maintenance (O&M) costsare considered
critical measurements of an alternative’s competitiveness for
federal funding. Analysis results are summarized in Table 2.
Overall, daily transit trips generated by each alternative are
modest. The TSM Alternative has the greatest ridership because:
• It provides four separate routes, with trips to each major
destination (Ann Arbor, Detroit, Metro Airport); and,
• Each route operates with a 20-minute peak frequency.
The BRT and LRT alternatives have comparable ridership levels, with more stations and local service than the CRT
alternatives. CRT 1 ridership reflects a smaller travel market
for medium-to-long-range trips in the corridor, while CRT 2
requires a transfer at Metro Airport and does not provide direct
service to Dearborn, reducing its overall ridership effectiveness.
Highest Cost for Light Rail
Typically, capital costs for transit options grow as the need for
a new fixed guideway increases. The highest costs are for LRT
5, followed by the CRT alternatives. On the lower end are the
BRT and TSM alternatives, which require relatively modest
investments in vehicles and roadway and signal improvements.
O&M costs for BRT are comparable with TSM because there
are existing bus operators and maintenance facilities on which
cost estimates are based. The higher LRT and CRT O&M costs
reflect the greater number of systems associated with rail-based
operations. In addition, CRT O&M costs are the highest, due
to the cost of purchasing service and track usage rights from
Norfolk Southern.
$100 Million in Local Funding Needed for
Ann Arbor-to-Detroit Option
There is currently a $100 million earmark for the Ann Arborto-Detroit Study in SAFETEA-LU, the federal transportation
22 | Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
A major reconstruction of M-10 (the Lodge) may affect your
travel to Metro Detroit this year. Large sections of M-10 will
be closed to all traffic or severely restricted from February
through November. MDOT will reconstruct/rehabilitate 14 miles
of pavement, repair/replace 50 bridges, upgrade utilities, and
replace freeway signs on M-10 between Lahser Road in Southfield
and Jefferson Avenue. In February, the freeway will be closed
between M-102 (Eight Mile Road) and Davison Freeway (M-8). In
April, this full closure will be extended from Lahser Road to the
Davison Freeway. For more information, including a map with
posted detours and alternative routes, go to “Dodge the Lodge
II” on the Web at: www.michigan.gov/dodgethelodge
funding bill. However, to receive those funds, Southeast Michigan
must establish a local match of funding. In addition, the Ann
Arbor-to-Downtown Detroit project must compete with more
than 300 projects across the country to access the funds.
The good news is that several other U.S. metropolitan areas
faced similar situations and found that moving forward was
imperative—with or without federal funding. Consequently,
SEMCOG is working to determine which, if any, of the five
alternatives leads to a viable project regardless of the potential
source(s) of funding. Enhancements to the Ann Arbor-toDetroit corridor to reduce costs without compromising
ridership may include:
• Limiting the corridor segment to maximize existing capital
investment.
• Exploring options for increasing ridership.
Table 2.
Analysis of Rapid Transit Alternatives
Cost ($ million)
Candidate Alternatives
Daily Transit Trips
Capital Cost
O&M Cost
Low
High
Low
High
TSM
6,193
$43
—
$25
—
BRT 5 (Michigan Ave.)
5,834
$879
$969
$23
$24
BRT 6 (I-94/Michigan Ave.)
3,185
$918
$964
$26
$27
CRT 1 (NS Michigan Line)
2,131
$618
$1,474
$93
$111
611
$1,107
$1,432
$35
$42
3,405
$2,641
$2,870
$54
$59
CRT 2 (I-94/NS Detroit Division)
LRT 5 (Michigan Ave.)
Exploring Low-Cost Options
SEMCOG has worked with its Steering Committee and
presented this technical analysis to affected counties and
communities, as well as the general public, for comment. Based
on that input, SEMCOG will develop the following lower-cost
options to help increase ridership:
• Start-up premium express bus service consistent with the
Transportation Systems Management alternative.
• More limited, more detailed commuter rail options that use
existing track and stations to reduce cost.
Based on these options, SEMCOG plans to work with:
• FTA to seek expertise on refining the most cost-effective
project.
• State of Michigan and Southeastern Michigan’s congressional
delegation to support the project.
• Amtrak to explore commuter rail service by augmenting or
expanding its current service on the corridor.
• Michigan Department of Transportation and affected
counties and communities to explore state, local, and
private funding opportunities.
Regional Consensus & Local Funding Essential
The key to the success of this project is cooperation at all levels
of government. The communities along the corridor have
been very supportive. Regional consensus is essential to select
a preferred alternative. Equally as important, a local funding
source for the service must be identified before the project can
move forward.
Southeast Michigan needs an enhanced transit system. The
Detroit region must develop rapid transit to compete with
other major metropolitan areas for business, jobs, tourism,
conventions, and desirability as a place to live and work.
SEMCOG is committed to seeking ways to introduce rapid
transit in this region and to build on the momentum and the
cooperation already shown for enhanced transit in the Ann
Arbor-to-Detroit corridor.
Tiffany Draper joined SEMCOG just over
two years ago as a Transportation Planner,
where she is responsible for planning both
public transit and bi-national projects.
Ms. Draper holds a BBA degree from
the University of Michigan. Previously,
Ms. Draper worked for DaimlerChrysler
Corporation as a materials cost manager
and for Kmart Corporation for four years as an inventory manager.
Alex Bourgeau has 20 years of urban and
regional planning experience in the areas
of transportation, land use, water use,
and environmental quality. As Coordinator
of Intermodal Planning, Mr. Bourgeau is
responsible for SEMCOG’s transit, freight,
aviation, binational (U.S.-Canada), travel
surveys, and nonmotorized planning
activities. Prior to joining SEMCOG, Mr. Bourgeau worked with
a consulting firm on various land- and water-use master plans
throughout New England and New York state. He has a B.S.
in Natural Resources from the University of Michigan, with
graduate work in Urban Planning.
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | 23
Will You Own a
smart Vehicle?
by Hubert Kogel
t is time for the smart fortwo to make an appearance in the USA; fuel prices are rising again, and
city traffic is increasing by the day. In short, the
smart fortwo is the right car at the right time.
24 | Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
smart Vehicles Are the Future
After its successful launch in October 1998, the Mercedes-Benz
smart two-seater became a popular new driving experience for
car-savvy Europeans (Fig. 1). On this side of the Atlantic, this
same excitement is anticipated from Americans who want to
drive an environment-friendly, fuel-efficient vehicle. Many
Americans are counting down the days to the arrival of the
smart fortwo, expected to go on sale in the United States in the
first quarter of 2008. In fact, with very little marketing effort as of
December 2006, nearly 500,000 people visited www.smartusa.com
and over 17,000 have registered as smart “insiders” and have
requested a monthly newsletter about the new vehicle. To date,
more than 770,000 people in 36 other countries have decided
to switch to a smart fortwo—often replacing a larger car with
the snappy two-seater. A big part of this unique car’s popularity—
besides the obvious fact that the smart design makes it stand
out from all other vehicles on the road—is that the smart
fortwo is unquestionably fun to drive.
Apart from the joy-of-driving aspect, the vehicle concept
is also highly practical—especially for people living in large,
Fig. 2. Tridion safety cell
components and this occupant protection system is clearly
visible in the tridion safety cell (Fig. 2), the structural core
that actually determines the design of the vehicle. Restraint
systems with airbags for the driver and passenger provide
outstanding occupant protection. Head and neck airbags
are also available (and standard on all U.S. models) on the
smart fortwo.
Even the no-extras basic model comes standard with allimportant safety features. Standard equipment on all models
is smart’s sophisticated safety system, including electronic
stability program, a feature usually reserved for cars in higher
segments. Basic equipment also includes anti-lock brakes and
hill start assist, a system that prevents the car from rolling backward when starting on an upgrade.
Highest Safety Levels
The smart fortwo has been subjected to extensive tests to
ensure that it complies with the rigorous standards of the
Mercedes Car Group of Stuttgart, Germany. Vehicle standards
include not only all European requirements, but also meet
American safety standards for vehicles sold in the U.S. This
little two-seater is able to withstand front and side impacts—
as well as a rollover and rear-crash impacts—at 80 km/h
(50 mph).
The tridion safety cell protects its occupants like the hard
shell that surrounds a walnut. The metal housing is additionally
reinforced at strategic points with high-strength steel (Fig. 2).
The tridion safety cell’s longitudinal and transverse members
activate the crumple zone of the other vehicle involved in the
accident, distributing the impact energy evenly over the car
body. In the event of a collision, the wheels also function as
crumple zones, and the front wheels are supported by the car’s
side panels during impact.
Fig. 3. Engine block
high-traffic volume cities. For most of us, city car trips are
often taken alone, where we typically face very limited space
for parking. With the smart fortwo, a driver is not only able to
maneuver around congested city streets quickly and easily, but
even the smallest spaces become parking options—making this
the perfect car for many urban Americans.
Visible Occupant Protection
It is imperative that the smart fortwo be not only a very agile
car, but a very safe car as well. Steel is used for all safety-related
26 | Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
Sound Ecology in Great Mileage
Offering a combined city/highway gas mileage of more
than 17 km/L (40 mpg), the smart car is one of the most
economical petrol-driven cars available today. The smart
fortwo cdi (diesel), available in Europe, consumes even less
fuel. Remarkably, the smart car diesel engine consumes less
than 3.5 L/100 km (65 mpg) under standard conditions and
is therefore the most successful “three-liter (0.8 gal.)” car
worldwide (Fig. 3).
The smart fortwo will be launched in the U.S. with
gasoline engines. The three-cylinder/1L (three-cylinder/0.3 gal.)
capacity engine delivers 45 kW, 52 kW or 62 kW (61 hp, 71 hp
or 84 hp) and attains a maximum speed of 145 km/h (90 mph).
At the time of this publication, the exact U.S. engine model
has not yet been determined. All engines are linked to an
automated manual five-speed transmission.
maneuver around congested city streets quickly and easily,
but even the smallest spaces become parking options—making
this the perfect car for many urban Americans.
Visible Occupant Protection
It is imperative that the smart fortwo be not only a very agile
Fig. 4. The smart fortwo cabrio
Practical, Tough, and Versatile
Made with a strong and resilient plastic material, the smart
car body panels provide a striking contrast to the tridion safety
cell’s silver or black color. This impact-resistant material offers
vehicle owners a major advantage, especially in busy city
traffic, as panel material withstands minor knocks and
bumps unscathed.
Drivers wishing to change the color of their smart fortwo
can do so without the help of a collision or paint shop.
Body panels can be replaced in about one hour. This same
convenience applies in the event of panel damage, as all
exterior parts can be replaced quickly and cost-effectively.
Penske Will Distribute smart in U.S.
DaimlerChrysler of Stuttgart, Germany, selected Roger
Penske’s UnitedAuto Group (UAG) of Bloomfield Hills,
Mich., to be the sole U.S. distributor of the smart vehicles in
2008. Led by CEO Roger S. Penske, UAG operates 319 retail
automotive dealerships around the world with 170 dealerships located in 20 states and Puerto Rico; smart dealership
locations are expected to be announced in mid-2007. The
smart fortwo will start under $15,000, making the car
affordable as well as environmentally and economically
appealing in meeting today’s driving challenges and the fuel
economy standards of the future.
Comfort & Five-Speed Clutch-less Transmission
The smart fortwo offers an automated five-speed transmission
with no clutch pedal—this means the driver can change gears
without the need for a clutch. The transmission changes up a
gear in response to a forward tap on the shift lever and down
when the shift lever is tapped toward the rear.
The smart fortwo cabrio (convertible) version offers a high
level of comfort (Fig. 4), as the electric soft top has a convenient,
fully automatic roof that can be adjusted to any position, even
while driving, with just the touch of a button. Roof bars can be
removed and stowed in a special compartment in the tailgate
(trunk). A heated rear window made of glass provides additional
comfort and safety.
Hubert Kogel is a spokesman of smart
headquarters in Stuttgart, Germany, and is
responsible for product communication.
Mr. Kogel began at smart in 1997, when the
predecessor of the smart fortwo made its
world debut at the International Motor Show
in Frankfurt. In October 1998, the new car
was sold for the first time in nine European
countries. For more information about the smart fortwo, its safety,
and ecologically friendly fuel efficiency, visit www.smartusa.com.
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | 27
Engineering
Electrical/Electronic Architecture
for Today’s High-Tech Vehicles
by Dave Wright
omplex: Perhaps more than any other word,
this describes the modern automobile best.
Safety, handling, propulsion, and entertainment
are just a sampling of the many systems that
depend upon electrical and electronic (E/E) architecture. Today’s drivers expect their cars
and trucks to work flawlessly for as long as they
own them, yet remain unaware of the underlying
complexity of the electronic nervous system that makes everything work. Most vehicles have more than one mile of wiring,
dozens of computer modules, and multiple serial data links to
implement the functionality demanded in today’s market.
Growth of Vehicle Electronics
Gone are the days when a vehicle electronic system controlled
just one or two high-end accessories. As vehicles become
equipped with more electronically driven features like navigation systems, satellite radio, airbags, climate control, and
power closures, the development of E/E architecture has
evolved into a more prominent role in the transportation
industry. Now more than ever, vehicle manufacturers need a
supplier capable of analyzing their needs and designing and
manufacturing complete systems to meet all requirements.
Focused on both electrical distribution and electronic
components, Delphi’s E/E architecture design methodology
28 | Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
ensures the optimal selection of vehicle data networks,
diagnostics, fault tolerance, physical/functional partitioning,
and power and signal distribution. Delphi, headquartered
in Troy, Mich., has competencies spanning across multiple
product business units dedicated to this vital expertise and a
manufacturing and engineering footprint to support it in
27 countries across the globe.
What Makes It Architecture?
As I see it, the term architecture is a fitting one to describe the
up-front process of defining a vehicle’s electrical and electronic system early in the vehicle design cycle. Just as a master
architect constructs a home or building, our engineers use
their experience, along with proprietary design tools, to
create a virtual model of the E/E architecture. With computer
modeling and simulation tools, design direction can be verified
to meet customer requirements for cost, mass, packaging efficiency, and more.
All this painstaking attention to detail in the design phase
pays off when it comes to manufacturing a complete E/E
system for our customers. New E/E systems feature enhanced
reliability and better assembly line compatibility. We have seen
new designs generate impressive product results—reduction of
mass by up to 20 percent and a decrease in cost by as much as
30 percent—all while improving functionality.
A Natural Integrator
The reason for the impressive results? It’s because the E/E
system is what we call a natural integrator. It touches all areas
of the vehicle, including harsh environments and densely
packaged real estate. E/E architecture complements how automakers want to build their vehicles and how drivers want their
vehicles to perform. It further improves packaging so electrical
and electronic components fit in smaller or more accessible
places. In some instances, it can eliminate the need for specific
components altogether, which leads to significant savings.
Suppliers work extremely hard to become as efficient as
possible in order to shave one to three percent off the cost of
their components. However, the magnitude of savings available at the systems level is much greater, as long as an integrated methodology is used to develop the architecture.
Future: Smaller and Lighter
So what does the future hold? The list of development
activities is significant. AUTOSAR (AUTomotive Open
System ARchitecture) has just completed the first phase of its
development, which aims to standardize software functionality
to enable interoperability between components from different
manufacturers and allow functions to be easily moved between
different hardware implementations. The FlexRay network
communications protocol has just seen its first production
implementation, introducing a faster and more robust serial
data interface into the automotive environment. And electrical
components continue to shrink in size, as some companies
implement plans to use wire as small as 26-gauge AWG
(0.13 mm2 [200 mil2]). The result of these improvements will
be E/E systems that are smaller, lighter, and more reliable.
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
The hybrid electric vehicle architectures that are being developed by many original equipment manufacturers (OEMs)
also bring a need for new components. DC/DC converters,
motor drives, battery packs, and connection systems capable
of managing the high power and currents are increasingly
sophisticated. In the connection system area alone, issues such
as corrosion, arc management, and high-voltage interlocks to
eliminate shock hazards must all be addressed. Increasing the
volumes and reducing the cost of these devices are goals shared
by both the automakers and their suppliers.
Perhaps one of the most interesting components to be
introduced recently is the pyrotechnic safety switch employed
in Delphi’s Battery Disconnect Safety Device (BDSD). In
most vehicles today, the battery cable connecting the battery
to the starter and alternator is not fused. If an accident occurs,
this cable is at risk of shorting, introducing the possibility of
thermal events. The BDSD is activated by the same signal that
deploys the airbags, in which case a small pyrotechnic charge
drives a cutter through a solid conductor. Since there are no
moving contacts and it is tied into the highly reliable airbag
system, the device introduces negligible chance of an undesired
circuit interruption.
Highly Knowledgeable Engineers Required
Longer term, “x-by-wire” systems that make braking and
steering electrically actuated functions will become a reality.
Intended to improve performance and vehicle safety, x-by-wire
is required to implement the advanced collision avoidance and
stability control systems under development today. These
systems will place even more demands on the E/E architecture,
as control of the vehicle will be in the electrical/electronic
realm, rather than in the mechanical/hydraulic systems of
today. The safety implications will introduce aircraft-type
emphasis on reliability, redundancy, and our design methodologies. So the world of E/E architecture will continue to be
one that requires highly knowledgeable and skilled engineers
to meet the demands of the marketplace.
Numerous vehicles already benefiting from Delphi’s E/E
architecture expertise are on the road in Asia, Europe, and
North America—and more are on the way as OEMs discover
the value in working closely with Delphi on its E/E architecture vision. These customers are able to meet the ever-growing
complexity of today’s marketplace by relying on Delphi’s
global reach and local capability. Systems engineering centers
in all major world markets position us to support customers in
their own backyard.
Dave Wright, director of advanced
engineering for Delphi Packard Electrical/
Electronic Architecture, has worked for
General Motors’ Frigidaire division,
GM’s Technical Center, and for Delco
Electronics, where Mr. Wright became
managing director of H E Microwave, a
joint venture between Delco and Hughes
Aircraft. At Dephi Packard E/E Architecture since 1999, Mr.
Wright’s responsibilities include advanced product, process,
and technology development in Ohio and Germany, reliability
engineering, and global E/E architecture technology development.
Mr. Wright holds a BEE from Kettering University (formerly
General Motors Institute), an MSEE from Stanford University,
and an MS in the Management of Technology from the Sloan
School at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | 29
When Is Outsourcing
Worth the Risk?
A Valid Model for Framing Risk in Sourcing
Components to Emerging Markets
by Yavuz Burak Canbolat and Kenneth Chelst
ver the last two decades,
many U.S. companies,
especially automotive
companies, have faced
intensive competition from
their Japanese, Korean,
and European counterparts. This competition
has led to an increased effort to find
suppliers that can produce quality products, even whole systems, at a lower
cost. Many Asian and Eastern European
countries, with cheap and skilled labor,
offer attractive opportunities for reducing
component or system development and
manufacturing costs. Global sourcing has
resulted in an estimated cost saving of
10% to 40%.1
What Are the Risks?
Outsourcing opportunities come with
significant risks. Risks include cultural
and linguistic differences, foreign
30 | exchange rate fluctuation, duty/custom
regulations, quality problems, and political and economical stability.2,3,4 International logistics (inventory management,
border-crossing procedures, and transportation delays) involve more challenges
that could impact product availability
than domestic logistics.2,3
Graduate students in Wayne State University’s Industrial Engineering program discuss
logistical problems and risks involved in outsourcing parts for an American company.
Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
Development of automotive components and systems often involves
numerous late design changes that introduce a whole new set of risks related to
communication and delivery of timely
prototypes. Many researchers have
studied global sourcing risk issues, but
no decision tool has been developed to
incorporate a wide range of sourcing
risk factors into a decision process.4 To
take full advantage of global sourcing,
companies must identify, analyze, and
manage global supply risks.
In this article, we introduce a risk
management tool to enable companies
to support global sourcing decisions;
this approach is illustrated in Fig. 1.
First, we provide a list of comprehensive
risk factors, including product development issues and how these factors are
quantified. Once a comprehensive risk
set has been defined and structured,
the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) buyer can use this structure repeatedly by simply refining the
list of risks for a specific new situation.
To analyze the risk, we use a spreadsheet simulation in @Risk® to rank
risk factors, calculate total risk in terms
of dollars, and evaluate optimum risk
mitigation strategies (@Risk® is a risk
analysis and simulation add-in software
macro for Microsoft Excel® sold by Palisades Corporation).
Fig. 1. Graphical representation of global supply chain risk analysis and risk management process.
Table 1.
Risk factors included in the case study
Risk Group
Prototype
Risk
Prototypes not on time
Tight demand for
prototype parts
Late order
Late purchasing order
Premium freight
Increased air freight cost
Defective parts
Break in pipeline
Shipping delay
Custom problems
Component delay
Case Study: OEM Considers
Chinese Supplier
An OEM that has adopted this approach
completed 10 case studies to validate
that the model addressed the concerns
of its decision-makers and captured
all the relevant risks. To demonstrate
the effectiveness of this methodology
and risk assessment tool (Fig. 1), we
present a case study with hypothetical
data (to protect confidential information): An OEM is considering a Chinese
supplier as a replacement for a current
local parts supplier. The annual potential savings for this manufactured part
Potential Effects
Parts not on time
National disasters
Supplier’s production
interruptions
International trade problems
Communication problems
Parts not on time
Culture and language
differences
Engineering specification
problems
Warranty
Warranty and recall cost
Defective parts
Currency
Higher cost
Currency fluctuation
Supplier
management
Supplier management cost
Supplier technical assistance
Inventory
management
Inventory cost
Inventory holding
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | 31
is $5 million if risk is not factored into
the equation. The company investigated
the risk of sourcing from a new supplier
and sought a risk-mitigation plan. If the
incremental risk of sourcing from the
Chinese supplier is less than potential
savings, the company will switch to the
new supplier.
Risk Factors
We conducted a comprehensive literature review and interviewed the relevant
experts to identify risk factors in the
global sourcing process. In this case study,
management chose 16 risk factors from
the comprehensive list (see Table 1).
Risk factors include international
trade problems, custom problems,
shipping delays, and currency fluctuation.
Other standard risk factors in Table 1
are usually exacerbated by global
sourcing. The buyer may incur significant air freight costs due to late purchase
orders, quality problems, and breaks in
Fig. 2. Cumulative risk profile of costs for two different inventory levels.
32 | Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
the supply chain. Table 1 also shows the
potential effects of failure.
Dollar Value of Risk
The baseline simulation run assumes
there is no extra safety stock over and
above standard production practices.
The dollar value of risk ranges between
$2.1 million and $21 million with a
mean of $8.7 million for Fig 2 showing
cumulative risk profile, including 5th
and 95th percentiles. The standard
deviation of the total risk is $5.6 million.
There is only a 5% chance that total risk
is $4.1 million or less, but there is also a
5% chance that total risk will be more
than $14.6 million.
The baseline policy with zero
inventory is too risky when compared
to the potential $5 million savings. To
simplify this presentation, we limited risk
mitigation to the easiest issue—safety stock.
In actual cases, risk mitigation included
dual sourcing and allocation of supplier
assistance resources to improve supplier
engineering capability, quality, and
communication.
Is Risk Acceptable?
The model ranks the risks to help a
decision-maker identify and then evaluate risk mitigation plans for Fig. 3
depicting the four most significant risk
groups, related to logistics and prototypes, which constitute 93% of total
risk. In this case study, 89% of the total
risk (excepting prototype time failure)
is related to shipment delays. Safety
stock is an obvious mitigation strategy
for dealing with delays.
The model can be used to determine
the optimum sourcing inventory to
minimize expected total cost, including
inventory holding costs. As illustrated
in Fig. 4, the inventory management
strategy has a dramatic impact on total
cost. A 25-day inventory was found
to be the optimum safety stock level
and reduced the average risk from $8.7
million to $1 million. There is also
only a 5% chance that the cost will be
more than $1.7 million. This is an acceptable risk when compared to the projected
cost savings of $5 million. A management
switch to a Chinese supplier will, on
average, save $4 million.
Conclusion
In summary, the cost savings opportunities with sourcing to emerging and
developing countries carry significant
risks that have not been well understood
or managed. Too often, companies focus
only on piece cost savings or, alternately,
dismiss global sourcing as intrinsically
too risky. Global sourcing decisions must
balance the potential savings against
quantifiable risks. Efficient analysis and
management of global sourcing costs and
risks can create a competitive advantage
when well-developed risk management
plans are simultaneously developed.
References
1. Minahan, T. 1996. “Labor Deal
Promises Bargains at East Coast
Ports,” Purchasing, V. 121, pp. 65–66.
2. Birou, L.M., and Fawcett, S.E. 1993.
“International Purchasing: Benefits,
Requirements, and Challenges,”
International Journal of Purchasing and
Materials Management, V. 29,
pp. 27–37.
3. Cho, J. and Kang, J. 2001. “Benefits
and Challenges of Global Sourcing:
Perceptions of U.S. Apparel Retail
Firms,” International Marketing Review,
V.18, pp. 542-561.
4. Schniederjans, M.J. and Zuckweiler,
K.M. 2004. “A Quantitative
Fig. 3. Risk prioritization: top four risk groups.
Fig. 4. Impact of inventory level on total dollar risk.
Approach to the Outsourcing
Insourcing Decision in an International Context,” Management Decision,
V. 42, pp.974–986.
5. Mankiw, G. 1999. “U.S. Trade Policy
Is Just Plain Schizo,” Fortune magazine, V. 139, pp. 42–44.
Yavuz Burak
Canbolat, PhD,
industrial engineering, WSU, is
associate manager
in decision analysis
for Merck & Co.,
Inc., North Wales,
Pa., and author of numerous journal papers
in his field. Dr. Canbolat’s research focused
on R&D portfolio risk management, risk
management in the global supply chain,
outsourcing decisions, global manufacturing, and operation strategy. Dr. Canbolat
and his coauthor, Dr. Kenneth Chelst, are
working on a new textbook on decision and
risk analysis.
Kenneth R. Chelst,
PhD, in operations research
from MIT, is chair
of the department
of industrial and
manufacturing
engineering at
WSU. Dr. Chelst’s research interests
include structured decision-making in
engineering management, globalization
of the engineering and manufacturing
management functions, and operations
research models applied to emergency
services. Dr. Chelst directs an ongoing
project, based on his book, Does This Line
Ever Move: Real-World Applications of
Operations Research, to develop mathematics of decision-making for high
schools on the website www.hsor.org.
www.esd.org | The Engineering Society of Detroit | 33
Who Are Michigan’s
Best Young Engineers?
When were you first interested in engineering? I remember
waking up early on Saturday mornings to watch “Kidbits”
where Gary Mach would list the materials needed to conduct
basic scientific experiments. In between cartoons, I conducted
experiments with my Mom’s pots and dishes.
Most influential person in your life? My Dad built his first car
out in our farm’s tractor repair shop from parts bought at local
junkyards, and also earned his MBA while working as a GM
engineer. My Dad retired from GM after 37 years and showed
me that passion and determination can take you anywhere in
life, no matter where you come from, and that engineering can
be a vehicle for such achievement.
Does your career stand out from others? I earned my
BS in mechanical engineering from Western Michigan
University. While there, I completed an internship with
Robinair, learning from engineers who designed airconditioning equipment. I earned my MSME at Wayne
State and became a licensed Professional Engineer while
working full-time for Robert Bosch Corporation as a brake
systems engineer. I presently work at Bosch as an intellectual property engineer and am a part-time law student at
the University of Detroit Mercy.
Do you believe in good timing? Near the end of my undergraduate career at Western, I was in my parents’ back yard
rebuilding a wooden bench swing. A neighbor of my parents,
Roger Cass, came over to discuss my plans after graduation. He
worked for Bosch, told me that they were always looking for
engineers with good hands-on ability, and gave me his business
card. Being in the right place at the right time is luck, but being
prepared for that opportunity is not.
Why are you ESD 2006 Outstanding Young Engineer? ESD
has a lot of great opportunities and I just started showing up
and having fun. I sit on the Young Engineers Council and work
events like the Career Fair and DaimlerChrysler Ride and Drive.
I attended the Gold Cup breakfast event (met Doug Ford, a
nationally known aeronautical engineer), and volunteered as a
Future City Judge, where we score the creativity and innovation
of 7th and 8th graders on their concepts of a perfect city.
Is ESD important in Michigan’s present economy? Developing
a career in the Detroit area has been very demanding as companies are forced to do more with less. Cost reduction is a major
theme with firefighting and high-pressure troubleshooting
as part of the daily routine. There is scarce time on the job to
step back and enjoy engineering as an art form. ESD gives
me the chance to practice the fun side of engineering; a place
where I can have a positive outlet, learn new ideas, and talk
with others who also share a passion for science and research—
people who want to keep technology in our region and make
it available for future Detroiters.
How can engineering students gain an edge today? I believe
the biggest thing employers want to see is a practical application of your education. Get an internship, or take a semester
off to co-op. Join SAE Formula or a solar power car group
(automotive or mechanical engineers), or any number of
campus organization activities in which you build something
for competition or societal advancement. Create a portfolio of
photos that you can share during your interview; show your
passion, the problems you have solved, what you have built
and accomplished.
Are engineers held in high esteem? “A doctor, a lawyer, an
engineer”... I’ve always heard preferred careers listed in that
order. Engineering degrees are some of the most demanding
undergraduate curricula in existence, and I believe people
recognize the conviction required to graduate. After all, engineers make the world run.
Have you ever used calculus on the job? Students often ask
me if I use calculus or differential equations on my job, and
the answer is no. But these tough classes are less about mathematics and more about training in systematic problem solving.
Engineering students solve some of the hardest problems ever
conceived in a classroom, so that in the real world, when asked
to solve a problem that has never been attempted, engineers
have the confidence and process to go about breaking down
the problem piece by piece.
Biggest accomplishment? Three major accomplishments in my life: getting married, graduating from
WMU with a degree in engineering, and
Turn the
completing the 2006 Chicago Marathon.
page to find
These three accomplishments took
out the identity of
this young engineer.
years of preparation and
If you would like to
were worth every
recommend an outstanding
bit of it!
young engineer for this new
feature in Technology Century
magazine, contact the editor at
suemccraven@ameritech.net.
Outstanding Young Engineer
Jeremy Hargis, PE
Intellectual Property Engineer, Robert Bosch LLC
BSME, Western Michigan University
MSME, Wayne State University
Jeremy Hargis is the 2006 ESD Outstanding
Young Engineer of the Year. Jeremy credits his
father with sharing his passion for engineering
and considers his major achievements to be
getting married, graduating from WMU with a
BSME, and completing the Chicago Marathon.
Previous Page: Jeremy (on right) is seated with his father, Steve Hargis, in the
front cockpit of a WWII Waco biplane. Although not flying in this photo, Steve
was an officer in the Civil Air Patrol and has been a private pilot for 25 years.
36 | Technology Century | FEBRUARY–MARCH 2007
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