ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
Appendix D.
H 03-155-1
List of regulators
Each of the 19 exciters is documented separately in this appendix.
Table of Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
ESAC1A…………………………………3
ESAC2A…………………………………7
ESAC3A…………………………………11
ESAC4A…………………………………15
ESAC5A…………………………………19
ESAC6A…………………………………23
ESAC8A…………………………………27
ESDC1A…………………………………31
ESDC2A…………………………………35
ESST1A………………………………….39
ESST2A………………………………….43
ESST3A………………………………….47
ESST4B………………………………….51
EXBAS…………………………………..57
IEEET4…………………………………..61
IEEEX4………………………………….65
IEET1A………………………………….69
IEET1B………………………………….73
URST5T……………………………….…77
-1-
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
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H 03-155-1
-2-
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
1 ESAC1A
IEEE Type AC1A Excitation System
VAMAX
VS
VU
VRMAX
VC
1
1+ sTR
V1 -
+
VREF
V2
∑
KA V4
1+sTA
1+ sTC V3
1+ sTB
HV
GATE
VF
W FC
VAMIN
+
LV
GATE
V5
∑
VR
VE
UF
Π
sTE
FEX
-
VRMIN
1
0
VX
+
VX=VE *SE(VE)
V6
∑ +
FEX=f(IN)
IN
KE
KC ⋅ IF
+
sKF
1+ sTF
∑
VE
+ V7
KD
VFE
Figure D.1 Block diagram of ESAC1A as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The signal VE is limited between 0 and infinity, see block diagram.
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
Simpow
PSS/E
IF
IFD
UF
EFD
VU
VUEL
VS
VOTHSG
WFC
VOEL
VC
EC
The Rectifier Regulation Characteristic:
If IN ≤ 0
Else if IN ≤ 0.433
⇒
⇒
Else if 0 .433 < IN < 0.75 ⇒
Else if 1 ≥ IN ≥ 0.75
⇒
Else
KC ⋅ IF
IN =
VE
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
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⇒
FEX = 1
FEX = 1 − 0.577 ⋅ IN
FEX = 0.75 − IN 2
FEX = 1.732 ⋅ (1 − IN)
FEX = 0
where IF = field current
-3-
IF
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first
data, beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
=DSLS/ESAC1A/
SWOF n
Identification number of the associated over excitation limiter
which gives the value of WFC. (The parameter SWOF is often
used when associating a field current limiter but not for this
exciter.) Default = 0
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers. NSWS
stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
SWU n
Identification number of associated under excitation limiter.
Controlling high voltage gate. If SWU is not equal to zero the
output signal is equal to the largest input signal of VU and the
internal exciter signal. Default = 0
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant. Shall be given in seconds.
Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TR< 0.5
TB n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 14
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TB < 20
TC n
Time constant in seconds. Default = 14.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TC < 20
KA n
Voltage regulator gain in p.u. Default = 800
Recommended interval is 0 < KA <1000
TA n
Voltage regulator amplifier time constant in seconds.
Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA < 10
VAMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VA in p.u
Default = 15
Recommended interval is 0 < VAMAX ≤ 15
VAMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VA in p.u.
Default = −15 Recommended interval is −15 ≤ VAMIN < 0
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u
Default = 14
Recommended interval is 0 < VRMAX < 15
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u
Default = − 14 Recommended interval is –15 < VRMIN < 0
KE n
Exciter constant related to self-excited field. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 < KE ≤ 1
TE n
Exciter time constant in seconds. Default = 1.8
Recommended interval is 0 < TE < 2
E1 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.0
SE1 n
Saturation Se at E1. Default = 0.2
E2 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.2
SE2 n
Saturation Se at E2. Default = 0.6
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-4-
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
KF n
Regulator stabilizing circuit gain p.u. Default = 0.15
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KF < 0.3
TF n
Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant in seconds.
Default = 1.4
Recommended interval is 0 < TF < 1.5
KC n
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance.
Default = 0.2
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KC ≤ 1
KD n
Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactances.
Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KD ≤ 1
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4 TYPE=DSLS/ESAC1A/
E1 = 1.0 SE1 = 0.2 E2 = 1.2 SE2 = 0.6 VRMIN = −14 VRMAX = 14
TE = 1.8 TA = 0.1 VAMIN = −15 TR = 0.1 KC = 0.2 KD = 0.1 KE = 0.1
TF = 1.4 TB = 14 KF = 0.15 VAMAX = 15 KA = 800 TC = 14.1
END
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
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-5-
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Test of exciter ESAC1A (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
1.1
150
1.05
100
5
2
O
10
X
8
1.1
+
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
1.6
1.05
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
*
*
1
50
6
1
1.2
+
+
+
+
O
0
0.95
0.4
2
0.9
-50
0
0
0.85
-100
4
0.8
0.9
0.85
*
+
+
O
O
O
O
+
5
0
*
+
O
O
X
*
+
O
O
*
+
0.95
*
*
*
5
X
8
5
5
X
X
16
24
X
*
32
5
5
5
X
40
48
5
X
56
5
X
64
X
72
80
88
TIME SECONDS
ID VREG
JOB vreg
DATE
2 JUN 2003 TIME 11:23:21
DIAGRAM
SIM
1
Compare with standard type WC (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
1.1
3
5
1.1
150
4
1.05
100
3
1
50
5
2.4
O
1.05
X
1
+
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
1.8
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
*
*
*
O
O
*
*
O
*
*
*
*
O
O
O
O
O
O
+
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
5
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
ID VREG
JOB vreg
X
0
5
5
+
+
5
8
X
X
16
24
X
32
X
*
40
5
5
5
X
48
X
56
64
X
X
72
80
88
TIME SECONDS
DATE
2 JUN 2003 TIME 11:36:57
RUN INSTRUCTION (for the two figures above).
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 16 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 40 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 40.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
+
+
+
+
5
5
+
+
-6-
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
2 ESAC2A
IEEE type AC2A excitation system
VFEMAX − KDIF
VS
VRMAX
VC
1
1+sTR
V1 -
+
VREF
V4
V2 1+ sTC V3 KA VA +
∑
1+sTB
1+sTA
VH
∑
VF
KE + SE(VE)
VU
VAMAX
KB
HV
GATE
LV
GATE
V5
VR+
∑
-
VAMIN
Π
UF
FEX
0.
VRMIN
WFC
VE
1
sTE
V6
VX=VE*SE(VE)
VX
+
∑
+ V7
IN
KE
+
VFE
FEX=f(IN)
KC∗ IF
VE
∑
KH
+ V8
sKF
1+ sTF
KD
IF
Figure D.2 Block diagram of ESAC2A as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
Simpow
PSS/E
IF
IFD
UF
EFD
VU
VUEL
WFC
VOEL
VS
VOTHSG
VC
EC
The Rectifier Regulation Characteristic:
If IN ≤ 0
Else if IN ≤ 0.433
⇒
⇒
Else if 0 .433 < IN < 0.75 ⇒
Else if 1 ≥ IN ≥ 0.75
⇒
Else
⇒
KC ⋅ IF
IN =
VE
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
FEX = 1
FEX = 1 − 0.577 ⋅ IN
FEX = 0.75 − IN 2
FEX = 1.732 ⋅ (1 − IN)
FEX = 0
where IF = field current
-7-
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first
data, beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
=DSLS/ESAC2A/
SWU n
Identification number of the associated under excitation limiter
which gives the value of VU. See “Under Excitation Limiter”.
Default = 0
SWOF n
Identification number of the associated over excitation limiter
which gives the value of WFC. (The parameter SWOF is often
used when associating a field current limiter but not for this
exciter.) Default = 0
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers.
NSWS stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant in seconds.
Default = 0.01 Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TR < 0.5
TB n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TB < 20
TC n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TC < 20
KA n
Voltage regulator gain in p.u Default = 300
Recommended interval is 0 < KA < 1000
TA n
Voltage regulator time constant in second. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA < 10
VAMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VA in p.u.
Default = − 4 Recommended interval is −10 ≤ VAMIN < 0
VAMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u.
Default = 10
Recommended interval is 0 < VAMAX ≤ 10
KB n
Second stage regulator gain. Default = 400
Recommended interval is 0 < KB < 500
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u.
Default = 140 Recommended interval is 0 < VRMAX ≤ 500
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u.
Default = − 40 Recommended interval is −500 ≤ VRMIN < 0
VFEMAX n
A parameter for calculating the maximum value of the limiter
for the output signal VE in p.u. Default = 14
Recommended interval is −5 < VFEMAX ≤ 20
TE n
Exciter time constant in seconds. May be zero if KE is not equal
to zero. Default = 0.001
Recommended interval is 0 < TE < 2
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
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-8-
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
KE n
Exciter constant related to self-excited field and it is a parameter
for calculating the maximum value of the limiter for the output
signal VE, see figure. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 < KE ≤ 1
KD n
Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactance
and it is a parameter for calculating the maximum value of the
limiter for the output signal VE, see figure. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KD ≤ 1
KC n
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance.
Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KC ≤ 1
TF n
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 < TF < 1.5
KF n
Excitation control system stabilizer gains. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KF < 0.3
KH n
Exciter field current feedback gain. Default = 0.0000000001
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KH ≤ 1.1
E1
Set point for saturation p.u Default = 1.0
E2
Set point for saturation p.u Default = 1.2
SE1
Saturation Se at E1. Default = 0.2
SE2
Saturation Se at E2. Default = 0.6
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4 TYPE = DSLS/ESAC2A/
E1 = 1.0 SE1 = 0.2 E2 = 1.2 SE2 = 0.6 VFEMAX = 14
KB = 400 KH = 0.0000000001 VRMIN = − 40 VRMAX = 140 TE = 0.001
TA = 0.1 VAMIN = − 4 TR = 0.01 KC = 0.1 KD = 0.1
KE = 0.1 TF = 1 TB = 1 KF = 0.1 VAMAX = 10 KA = 200 TC = 1.1
END
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
-9-
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Test of exciter ESAC2A (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
5
150
O
*
100
1.05
4
2.4
1.05
X
5
+
3
1.1
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
1.1
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
50
1
3
1
1.8
*
O
O
*
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
+
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
5
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
0
+
5
5
5
5
5
+
5 5
+
+
5
+
+
X
+
5
+
8
X
X
X
X
4
12
16
X
20
24
X
28
X
X
32
36
X
40
44
TIME SECONDS
ID VREG
JOB vreg
DATE
4 AUG 2003 TIME 11:26:17
DIAGRAM
TM
SIMPOW
1
Compare with standard type WFA (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
*
X
5
1.1
3
5
1.1
150
1.05
2.4
4
1.05
100
1
3
1
50
2
*
*
*
O
O
*
*
0
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
ID VREG
JOB vreg
X
0
O
*
O
+
5
5
+
4
*
*
*
O
+
5
+
O
+
O
O
+
+
+
5
5
5
5
O
+
5 5
5
+
X
X
X
8
12
16
X
20
X
24
X
28
32
X
36
X
40
X
44
TIME SECONDS
DATE
4 AUG 2003 TIME 11:57:29
RUN INSTRUCTION (for the two figures above)
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
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*
O
0.95
0.95
1.8
O
1.2
+
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
- 10 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIMPOW
TM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
3 ESAC3A
IEEE Type AC3A Excitation System
KR
VS
VC
1
1 + sTR
V1
-
V2
∑
+
1 + STC
1 + sTB
V3
VFEMAX − KD * IF
KE + SE (VE )
VAMAX
VU
HV
GATE
+
V4
V5
∑
VA
KA
1 + sTA
VR
+
Π
1
sTE
V6
∑
-
VF
UF
Π
FEX
V EMIN
VFE
VREF
VE
VAMIN
VX
VX=VE*SE(VE)
+
+
∑
V7
FEX=f(IN)
IN
KE
KC * IF
VE
+
+
∑
V8
KD
IF
VN
KN
S
1 + sTF
VN
KF
EFDN
UF
Figure D.3 Block diagram of ESAC3A as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
Simpow
PSS/E
IF
IFD
UF
EFD
VU
VUEL
VS
VOTHSG + VOEL
VC
EC
The Rectifier Regulation Characteristic:
If IN ≤ 0
Else if IN ≤ 0.433
⇒
⇒
Else if 0 .433 < IN < 0.75 ⇒
Else if 1 ≥ IN ≥ 0.75
⇒
Else
⇒
KC ⋅ IF
IN =
VE
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
FEX = 1
FEX = 1 − 0.577 ⋅ IN
FEX = 0.75 − IN 2
FEX = 1.732 ⋅ (1 − IN)
FEX = 0
where IF = field current
- 11 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first
data, beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
=DSLS/ESAC3A/
SWU n
Identification number of the associated under excitation limiter
which gives the value of VU. See “Under Excitation Limiter”.
Default = 0
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers. NSWS
stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant in seconds. Default = 0.001
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TR < 0.5
TB n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TB < 20
TC n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TC < 20
KA n
Voltage regulator gain in p.u Default = 80
Recommended interval is 0 < KA < 1000
TA n
Voltage regulator time constant in second. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA < 10
VAMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VA in p.u. Default = −1
Recommended interval is −10 ≤ VAMIN < 0
VAMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u. Default = 8
Recommended interval is 0 < VAMAX ≤ 10
TE n
Exciter time constant in seconds. Default = 0.01
Recommended interval is 0 < TE < 4
KE n
Exciter constant related to self-excited field. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 < KE ≤ 1
KD n
Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactance.
Default = 0.1 Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KD ≤ 1
VFEMAX n A parameter for calculating the maximum value of the limiter for
the output signal VE in p.u. Default = 10
Recommended interval is −5 < VFEMAX ≤ 20
VEMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VE in p.u.
Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ VEMIN ≤ 1.1
KR n
Constant associated with regulator and alternator field power
supply. Default = 2 Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KR < 75
KC n
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance.
Default = 0.2
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KC ≤ 1
TF n
Excitation control system stabilizer time constant. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 < TF < 1.5
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 12 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
KF n
Excitation feedback gain, see figure. Default = 0.2
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KF < 0.3
KN n
Exciter feedback gain, see figure. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 < KN < 0.3
EFDN n
A parameter defining for which value of UF the feedback gain
shall change from KF to KN, see figure. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 < EFDN ≤ 10
E1 n
Set point for saturation p.u Default = 1.0
E2 n
Set point for saturation p.u Default = 1.2
SE1 n
Saturation Se at E1. Default = 0.2
SE2 n
Saturation Se at E2. Default = 0.6
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4 TYPE = DSLS/ESAC3A/
E1 = 1.0 SE1 = 0.2 E2 = 1.2 SE2 = 0.6 KF = 0.2 KN = 0.1 EFDN = 1
KR = 2 TA = 0.1 VAMIN = −1 VAMAX = 8 KA = 80
VFEMAX = 10 TE = 0.01 TR = 0.001 KC = 0.2 KD = 0.1 KE = 0.1
VEMIN = 0.1 TF = 1 TB = 1.1 TC = 1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 13 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Test of exciter ESAC3A (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
1.1
3
5
1.1
150
4
1.05
100
3
1
50
5
2.4
O
1.05
X
1
+
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
1.8
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
X
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
O
O
*
O
O
O
O
O
O
O
+
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
5
5
+
5
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
+
0
X
2
X
4
+
5
+
5
5
5
+
X
X
+
5
5
+
+
6
X
8
X
X
10
12
14
16
X
18
20
22
TIME SECONDS
ID VREG
JOB vreg
DATE 30 SEP 2003 TIME 10:03:11
DIAGRAM
SIM
1
Compare with standard type WHA (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
O
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
5
150
X
5
+
3
1.1
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
1.1
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
100
1.05
4
2.4
1.05
X
*
*
*
*
*
*
1
50
3
1
1.8
O
*
O
O
O
*
*
*
O
O
O
O
O
5
5
+
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
+
ID VREG
JOB vreg
X
0
2
5
X
4
+
5
+
+
5
5
5
5
5
+
+
6
X
X
X
8
10
X
X
12
14
16
18
X
20
22
TIME SECONDS
DATE
4 AUG 2003 TIME 14:30:41
RUN INSTRUCTION (for the two figures above)
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
+
+
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
- 14 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
4 ESAC4A
IEEE Type AC4A Excitation System
The excitation system with alternator supplied controlled rectifier exciter.
VS
V R M A X - K C * IF
V IM A X
VU
+
V1
1
VC
-
1 + sT R
∑
VI
V2
1 + sTC
1 + sT B
V3
KA
HV G ATE
UF
1 + sT A
V IM IN
VREF
V R M IN
Figure D.4 Block diagram of ESAC4A as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
Simpow
PSS/E
IF
IFD
UF
EFD
VU
VUEL
VS
VOTHSG + VOEL
VC
EC
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first data,
beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
=DSLS/ESAC4A/
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers. NSWS
stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
SWU n
Identification number of the associated under excitation limiter
which gives the value of VU. See “Under Excitation Limiter”.
Default = 0
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 15 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant in seconds. Default = 0.05
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TR < 0.1
VIMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the integrator signal VI in p.u.
Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 < VIMAX ≤ 0.2
VIMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VI in p.u. Default = –
0.19
Recommended interval is – 0.2 < VIMIN ≤ 0
TB n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 10
Recommended interval is 0 < TB < 20
TC n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 0.3
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TC < 10
KA n
Voltage regulator gain in p.u Default = 500
Recommended interval is 50 < KA ≤ 1000
5 ≤ KA ×
TC
≤ 15
TB
TA n
Voltage regulator time constant in second. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA < 0.5
KC n
A parameter for calculating the maximum value of the limiter for
the output signal UF in p.u. Default = 0.2
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KC < 0.3
VRMAX n
A parameter for calculating the maximum value of the limiter for
the output signal UF in p.u. Default = 3
Recommended interval is 3 ≤ VRMAX ≤ 8
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal UF in p.u. Default = −3
Recommended interval is −8 ≤ VRMIN ≤ −3
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4
TYPE = DSLS/ESAC4A/
VRMAX = 3 KC = 0.2 TA = 0.1 VRMIN = –3
KA = 500 VIMIN = – 0.19 VIMAX = 0.1 TB = 8 TC = 0.5
TR = 0.05
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 16 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Test of exciter ESAC4A (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
X
3
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
O
1.1
+
10
1.1
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
5
150
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
100
1.05
8
2.4
1.05
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
1
50
*
O
O
O
O
O
0
5
5
5
0.9
0.6
2
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
+
X
0
X
O
6
O
+
+
+ X
+
5
5
5
5
5
5
+
X
X
4
O
+
+
2
O
+
+
0.95
6
4
1
1.8
0.95
1.2
*
X
8
X
X
X
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
TIME SECONDS
ID VREG
JOB vreg
DATE 13 AUG 2003 TIME 13:38:29
DIAGRAM
SIM
1
Compare with standard type WG (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
1.1
3
10
1.1
150
8
1.05
100
6
1
50
5
2.4
O
1.05
X
1
+
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
1.8
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
*
*
*
*
*
O
O
O
O
*
*
*
*
O
O
O
O
O
0
0.95
4
1.2
0.95
+
+
5
5
0.9
0.6
2
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
ID VREG
JOB vreg
X
0
2
5
+
+
+
X
4
X
6
5
+
+X
+
5
5
5
+
X
8
X
10
X
X
12
14
16
18
X
20
22
TIME SECONDS
DATE 28 MAY 2003 TIME 11:10:52
RUN INSTRUCTION (for the two figures above)
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
+
5
5
*
- 17 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
H 03-155-1
- 18 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
5 ESAC5A
IEEE Type AC5A Excitation System
VS
VC
1
1 + sT R
V1 -
VRM AX
V2
∑
+
VREF
VR
KA
1+ sT A
+
-
-
V5
VF
V R M IN
∑
1
sT E
V3
∑
UF
0.
+
V4
+
KE
VX
V X = U F *S E (U F )
sK F ( 1 + sT F 3 )
(1 + sT F 1 )( 1 + sT F 2 )
Figure D.5 Block diagram of ESAC5A as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The signal UF is limited between 0 and infinity, see block diagram.
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
Simpow
PSS/E
VC
EC
VS
VOTHSG + VUEL + VOEL
UF
EFD
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first data,
beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
=DSLS/ESAC5A/
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers. NSWS
stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 19 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant. Shall be given in seconds.
Default = 0.001 Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TR < 0.5
KA n
Regulator gain in p.u. Default = 450
Recommended interval is 10 < KA < 500
TA n
Regulator amplifier time constant in seconds. May be zero.
Default = 0.01 Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA < 1
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u Default = 9
Recommended interval is 0.5 < VRMAX < 10
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u. Default = −8
Recommended interval is –10 < VRMIN < 0
KF n
Regulator stabilizing circuit gain p.u. Can not be zero. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 < KF < 0.3
TF1 n
Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant in seconds. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 < TF1 < 1.5
5≤
TF1
≤ 15
KF
TF2 n
Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant in seconds. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TF2
TF3 n
Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant in seconds.
Default = 0.002 Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TF3
KE n
Exciter constant related to self-excited field. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is –1 ≤ KE ≤ 1
TE n
Exciter time constant in seconds. Default = 0.01
Recommended interval is 0 < TE < 1
E1 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.0
SE1 n
Saturation Se at E1. Default = 0.2
E2 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.2
SE2 n
Saturation Se at E2. Default = 0.6
1)
If VRMAX is zero, the model will compute a new value of it.
a) If KE is zero or negative, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an
output voltage of E2 i.e.: VRMAX = SE(E2 ) × E2
b) If KE is positive, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an output
voltage of E2 with the specified value of KE,
i.e.: VRMAX = (SE (E2 ) + KE ) × E2
In either case above, VRMIN is then set to –VRMAX.
2)
If KE is zero, the model will set a new value of KE.
KE is set to the value that will require a voltage regulator output of
(VRMAX /10) to maintain the present value of excitation voltage, UF, i.e.:
KE =
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
VRMAX
– SE (UF)
10 ⋅ UF
- 20 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4
TYPE = DSLS/ESAC5A/
E1 = 1.0 SE1 = 0.2 E2 = 1.2 SE2 = 0.6 TR = 0.001
KE = 0.1 TE = 0.01 TF2 = 0.1 TF1 = 1 KF = 0.1 TF3 = 0.002
TA = 0.01 VRMAX = 9 KA = 450 VRMIN = − 8
END
Test of exciter ESAC5A (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
150
100
50
3
5
3
2.4
1.1
1.1
1.05
1
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
5
1.05
O
1
X
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
4
+
1.8
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
X
*
*
*
*
*
O
*
O
O
*
O
O
O
O
O
O
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
5
5
+
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
ID VREG
JOB vreg
0
2
X
4
5
X
6
5
5
5
5
10
12
X
X
X
X
X
8
14
16
18
20
22
TIME SECONDS
DATE 11 AUG 2003 TIME 10:05:16
RUN INSTRUCTION
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
+
+
+
+
5
+
+
+
+
X
5
*
*
*
- 21 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
H 03-155-1
- 22 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
6 ESAC6A
IEEE Type AC6A Excitation System
VS
VAMAX
VU
UT * VRMAX
VC
1
1 + sTR
V1
-
+
∑
+
V2
KA(1+ STK)
1+ sTA
V3
1+ STC
1+ sTB
VA
VR
V4
∑
+
1
sTE
V5
∑
-
-
FEX
V10
VAMIN
VX
VX=VE*SE(VE)
+
∑ +
V6
V9
KH
VH
V8
∑
KC ∗ IF
VE
+
+
VFE
∑
FEX= f (IN)
IN
KE
VHMAX
1+STC
1+sTB
UF
Π
0.
UT * VRMIN
VREF
VE
+
V7
KD
0
VFELIM
Figure D.6 Block diagram of ESAC6A as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The signal VE is limited between 0 and infinity, see block diagram.
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
Simpow
PSS/E
VC
EC
VS
VOTHSG +VOEL
VU
VUEL
UT
VT
IF
IFD
UF
EFD
- 23 -
IF
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
The Rectifier Regulation Characteristic:
If IN ≤ 0
Else if IN ≤ 0.433
⇒
⇒
Else if 0 .433 < IN < 0.75 ⇒
Else if 1 ≥ IN ≥ 0.75
⇒
⇒
Else
IN =
KC ⋅ IF
VE
FEX = 1
FEX = 1 − 0.577 ⋅ IN
FEX = 0.75 − IN 2
FEX = 1.732 ⋅ (1 − IN)
FEX = 0
where IF = field current
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first data,
beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
=DSLS/ESAC6A/
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers. NSWS
stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
SWU n
Identification number of the associated under excitation limiter
which gives the value of VU. See “Under Excitation Limiter”.
Default = 0
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant. Shall be given in seconds.
Default = 0.0001 Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TR < 0.5
KA n
Voltage regulator gain in p.u. Default = 840
Recommended interval is 0 < KA < 1000
TA n
Regulator amplifier time constant in seconds. May be zero.
Default = 0.01 Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA < 10
TK n
Regulator lead time constant. Default = 0.01
Recommended interval is 0 < TK < 10
TB n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TB < 20
TC n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TC < 20
VAMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VA in p.u Default = 10
Recommended interval is 0 < VAMAX ≤ 10
VAMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VA in p.u. Default = −1
Recommended interval is −10 ≤ VAMIN < 0
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the internal signal VR in p.u.
Default = 80
Recommended interval is 0 < VRMAX ≤ 500
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the internal signal VR in p.u.
Default = −10
Recommended interval is −500 ≤ VRMIN < 0
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 24 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
KE n
Exciter constant related to self-excited field. Not used if VR is
given. Default = 0.1 Recommended interval is 0 < KE ≤ 2
TE n
Exciter time constant in seconds.May be zero if KE isn’t set to zero.
Default = 0.01 Recommended interval 0 < TE < 2
KC n
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance.
Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KC ≤ 1
KD n
Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactances.
Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 < KD ≤ 2
VFELIM n Exciter field current limit reference. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 < VFELIM ≤ 20
KH n
Exciter field current limiter gain. Default = 0.0001
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KH ≤ 1.1
VHMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the internal signal VH in p.u
Default = 100 Recommended interval is 0 < VHMAX ≤ 100
TJ n
Exciter time constant in seconds. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TJ ≤ 1
TH n
Exciter time constant in seconds. Default = 0.0005
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TH ≤ 1
E1 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.0
SE1 n
Saturation Se at E1. Default=0.2
E2 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.2
SE2 n
Saturation Se at E2. Default=0.6
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4 TYPE = DSLS/ESAC6A/
E1 = 1.0 SE1 = 0.2 E2 = 1.2 SE2 = 0.6 KH = 0.0001 VFELIM=1
VHMAX = 100 TH = 0.0005 TJ=1 VRMIN = −10 VRMAX = 80
KA = 840 TE = 0.01 TB = 1 VAMIN = −1 TR = 0.0001 KC = 0.1
KD = 0.1 KE = 0.1 TA = 0.01 VAMAX = 10 TC = 1.1 TK=0.01
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 25 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Test of exciter ESAC6A (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
1.1
3
5
1.1
150
4
1.05
100
3
1
50
5
2.4
O
1.05
X
1
+
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
1.8
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
X
*
*
*
O
*
O
*
*
O
*
O
O
O
O
O
O
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
+
5
5
+
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
+
ID VREG
JOB vreg
X
0
5
X
4
X
6
8
X
10
+
5
5
5
X
X
12
14
16
18
X
20
22
TIME SECONDS
DATE 11 AUG 2003 TIME 09:41:58
RUN INSTRUCTION
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
+
5
5
5
+
+
+
X
2
+
*
*
*
- 26 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
7 ESAC8B
Basler DECS
VRMAX
VREF
KP
+
VC
1
1 + sTR
V1 -
Σ
+
V2
KI
s
+
-
Σ
+
V3
KA
1 + sTA
VR +
V4
Σ
-
1
sTE
V6
0
sKD
1 + sTD
VS
VRMIN
Σ
+ V5
KE
+
VX
VX=UF*SE (UF)
Figure D.7 Block diagram of ESAC8B as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The signal UF is limited between 0 and infinity, see block diagram.
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
Simpow
PSS/E
VC
EC
VS
VOTHSG + VOEL
UF
EFD
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first
data, beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
= DSLS/ESAC8B/
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default =1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers.
NSWS stabilizers must be given. Default=0
Voltage transducer filter time constant. Shall be given in
seconds. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TR < 0.5
TR n
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 27 -
UF
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
KP n
Gain. Default = 400
Recommended interval is 10 < KP < 500
KI n
Gain. Default = 200
Recommended interval is 10 < KI < 500
KD n
Gain. Default = 490
Recommended interval is 10 < KD < 500
TD n
Time constant in second Default = 0.4
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TD < 0.5
KA n
Voltage regulator gain in p.u Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 < KA ≤ 1
TA n
Voltage regulator time constant in second. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA ≤ 1
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u
Default = 8
Recommended interval is 0 < VRMAX ≤ 10
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u Default = 1
Recommended interval is –1 < VRMIN < 1.5
KE n
Exciter constant related to self-excited field Default = 1
Recommended interval is –1.0 ≤ KE ≤ 1.0
TE n
Exciter time constant in seconds. Default = 0.01
Recommended interval is 0 < TE
E1 n
Set point for saturation p.u Default =1.0
E2 n
Set point for saturation p.u Default = 1.2
SE1 n
Saturation Se at E1. Default = 0.2
SE2 n
Saturation Se at E2. Default = 0.6
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4 TYPE = DSLS/ESAC8B/
E1 = 1.0 SE1 = 0.2 E2 = 1.2 SE2 = 0.6 TA = 1
VRMIN = 1 TD = 0.4 KD = 490 TE = 0.01
KE = 1 VRMAX = 8 KA = 0.1 KP = 400 KI = 200 TR = 0.1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 28 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Test of exciter ESAC8B (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
5
150
100
5
1.1
O
1.05
3
X
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
4
1.1
2.4
+
1.05
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
50
1
3
1
1.8
*
O
*
O
O
O
O
O
O
+
O
O
+
5
5
+
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
+
ID VREG
JOB vreg
X
0
2.667
5
5
5
+
5
5
5
5
+
X
5.333
X
8
13.333
X
X
X
X
10.667
16
18.667
21.333
TIME SECONDS
DATE 11 AUG 2003 TIME 11:07:05
RUN INSTRUCTION
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
+
+
+
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
- 29 -
DIAGRAM
1
X
24
X
26.667
29.333
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
H 03-155-1
- 30 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
8 ESDC1A
IEEE Type DC1A Excitation System
VS
VRMAX
VU
VC
1
1 + sTR
V1
-
V2
∑
+
1 + sTC
1 + sTB
V3
HV GATE
KA
1 + sTA
-
VR
+
V4
∑
1
sTE
-
VFE
0
VREF
VRMIN
+
∑
VF
VX
V5
KE
+
VX = UF * SE
sKF
1 + sTF
Figure D.8 Block diagram of ESDC1A as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The signal UF is limited between 0 and infinity, see block diagram.
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
Simpow
PSS/E
VU
VUEL
VS
VOTHSG + VOEL
UF
EFD
VC
EC
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first data,
beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
= DSLS/ESDC1A/
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default =1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers. NSWS
stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
SWU n
Identification number of the associated under excitation limiter
which gives the value of VU. See “Under Excitation Limiter”.
Default = 0
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 31 -
UF
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TR < 0.5
TB n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1
Recommended value is 0 ≤ TB
TC n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1.1
Recommended value is 0 ≤ TC and if TB = 0 then TC ≠ 0
KA n
Voltage regulator gain in p.u. Default = 499
Recommended interval is 10 < KA < 500
TA n
Voltage regulator amplifier time constant in seconds. Default = 0.4
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA < 1
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u Default = − 4
Recommended interval is –10 < VRMIN < 0
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u Default = 3
Recommended interval is 0.5 < VRMAX < 10
KE n
Exciter constant related to self-excited field. Default = 0.8
Recommended interval is –1 ≤ KE ≤ 1
TE n
Exciter time constant in seconds. Default = 0.4
Recommended interval is 0 < TE < 1
E1 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.0
SE1 n
Saturation Se at E1. Default = 0.2
E2 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.2
SE2 n
Saturation Se at E2. Default = 0.6
KF n
Regulator stabilizing circuit gain p.u. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 < KF < 0.3
5≤
TF n
TF
≤ 15
KF
Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant in seconds. Default = 1.2
Recommended interval is 0 < TF
1)
If VRMAX is zero, the model will compute a new value of it.
a) If KE is zero or negative, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an
output voltage of E2 i.e.: VRMAX = SE(E2 ) × E2
b) If KE is positive, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an output
voltage of E2 with the specified value of KE,
i.e.: VRMAX = (SE (E2 ) + KE ) × E2
In either case above, VRMIN is then set to –VRMAX.
2)
If KE is zero, the model will set a new value of KE.
KE is set to the value that will require a voltage regulator output of
(VRMAX /10) to maintain the present value of excitation voltage, UF, i.e.:
KE =
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
VRMAX
– SE (UF)
10 ⋅ UF
- 32 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4 TYPE = DSLS/ESDC1A/
E1 = 1.0 SE1 = 0.2 E2 = 1.2 SE2 = 0.6 KE = 0.8 TF = 1.2 KF =0.1 TE = 0.4
VRMAX = 3 TA = 0.4 VRMIN = −4 KA = 499 TB = 1 TC = 1.1 TR = 0.1
END
Test of exciter ESDC1A (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
O
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
5
150
X
10
1.1
+
1.5
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
1.1
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
+
+
+
100
50
8
6
1.05
1.3
1
1.05
1
1.1
+
*
*
+
*
*
*
*
+
*
*
*
O
*
O
O
O
O
O
+
+
+
O
O
O
0
-50
-100
4
0.95
2
0.9
ID VREG
JOB vreg
5
5
0
0.7
0.5
X
0.85
0.9
0.9
0.85
0.95
+
X
0
2
X
4
5
X
6
X
X
8
10
X
X
X
12
5
5
14
16
18
20
22
TIME SECONDS
DATE 11 AUG 2003 TIME 11:36:01
RUN INSTRUCTION
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
5
5
5
5
- 33 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
H 03-155-1
- 34 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
9 ESDC2A
IEEE Type DC2A Excitation System
VS
UT*VRMAX
VU
VC
1
1+ sTR
V1
-
V2
∑
+
1+ sTC V3
1+ sTB
HV
GATE
KA VR+
1+sTA
∑
V4
-
-
1
sTE
VFE
VF
VREF
UT*VRMIN
∑
+
V5
KE
+
VX
VX=UF*SE (UF)
sKF
1+sTF
Figure D.9 Block diagram of ESDC2A as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
Simpow
PSS/E
VC
EC
VS
VOTHSG + VOEL
VU
VUEL
UT
VT
UF
EFD
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first data,
beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
= DSLS/ESDC2A/
SWU n
Identification number of the associated under excitation limiter
which gives the value of VU. See “Under Excitation Limiter”.
Default = 0
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 35 -
UF
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers. NSWS
stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant. Shall be given in seconds.
Default = 0.001 Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TR < 0.5
TB n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TB
TC n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1.1
NOTE THAT TB = 0 and TC ≠ 0
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TC
KA n
Voltage regulator gain in p.u. Default = 400
Recommended interval is 10 < KA < 500
TA n
Voltage regulator amplifier time constant in seconds. May be zero.
Default = 0.4
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA < 1
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u. Default = 8
Recommended interval is 0.5 < VRMAX < 10
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u. Default = −1
Recommended interval is –10 < VRMIN < 0
KE n
Exciter constantrelated to self-excited field. Not used if VR is
given. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is –1 ≤ KE ≤ 1
TE n
Exciter time constant in seconds. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 < TE < 2
E1 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.0
SE1 n
Saturation Se at E1. Default = 0.2
E2 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.2
SE2 n
Saturation Se at E2. Default = 0.6
KF n
Regulator stabilizing circuit gain p.u. Can not be zero.
Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 < KF < 0.3
TF n
Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant in seconds. Default = 1.2
Recommended interval is 0 < TF < 1.5
5≤
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
TF
≤ 15
KF
- 36 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
1)
If VRMAX is zero, the model will compute a new value of it.
a) If KE is zero or negative, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an
output voltage of E2 i.e.: VRMAX = SE(E2 ) × E2
b) If KE is positive, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an output
voltage of E2 with the specified value of KE,
i.e.: VRMAX = (SE (E2 ) + KE ) × E2
In either case above, VRMIN is then set to –VRMAX.
2)
If KE is zero, the model will set a new value of KE.
KE is set to the value that will require a voltage regulator output of
(VRMAX /10) to maintain the present value of excitation voltage, UF, i.e.:
KE =
VRMAX
– SE (UF)
10 ⋅ UF
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4 TYPE = DSLS/ESDC2A/
E1 = 1.0 SE1 = 0.2 E2 = 1.2 SE2 = 0.6 VRMIN = –1 VRMAX = 8
KE = 0.1 TF = 1.2 KF = 0.1 TE = 1 TA = 0.4
KA = 200 TB = 1 TC = 1.1 TR = 0.001
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 37 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Test of exciter ESDC2A (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
150
100
50
3
5
3
2.4
1.1
1.1
1.05
1
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
5
1.05
O
1
X
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
4
+
1.8
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
X
*
*
*
*
O
O
*
O
O
*
*
*
O
*
*
O
O
O
O
+
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
5
5
+
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
+
X
0
5
X
2
+
+
5
+
+
5
5
5
5
5
+
+
X
X
X
4
6
8
10
X
X
12
14
16
X
18
20
22
TIME SECONDS
ID VREG
JOB vreg
DATE
1 SEP 2003 TIME 13:23:17
DIAGRAM
SIM
1
Compare with standard type 1 (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
1.1
150
1.05
100
50
5
1
O
5
3
2.4
X
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
4
1.1
1.05
1
+
1.8
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
3
X
*
*
*
*
O
O
O
O
*
*
*
*
O
O
*
O
O
O
+
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
5
5
+
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
+
ID VREG
JOB vreg
X
0
2
5
+
X
4
+
+
5
+
5
5
5
+
X
6
X
X
8
10
X
X
12
14
16
18
X
20
22
TIME SECONDS
DATE
5 AUG 2003 TIME 12:11:54
RUN INSTRUCTION (for the two figures above)
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
+
5
5
*
- 38 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
10 ESST1A
IEEE Type ST1A Excitation System
VU
VU
U E L= 1
UEL = 3
A ltern ate
U E L In pu ts
VS
VS
UEL = 2
A ltern ate
S ta bilizer
In puts
VOS = 1
VOS = 2
VU
VAMAX
V IM A X
VC
1
1 + sTR
V1
-
-
Σ
+
+
V2
-
VI
HV
GATE
1 + sTC 1 + sT C1
1 + sT B 1 + sTB1
V3
KA
1 + sT A
U T *V R M A X - K C *IF
VA
+
V IM IN
HV
GATE
LV
GATE
UF
V5
U T *V R M IN
V7
V A M IN
VREF
Σ
V4
W FC
VF
sK F
1 + sTF
V6
K LR
Σ
+
-
0
IL R
Figure D.10 Block diagram of ESST1A as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The signal V7 is limited between 0 and infinity, see block diagram.
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
Simpow
PSS/E
VC
EC
VS
VOTHSG
VU
VUEL
WFC
VOEL
UT
VT
IF
IFD
UF
EFD
- 39 -
IF
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first data,
beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
= DSLS/ESST1A/
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers. NSWS
stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
VOS n
A switch that controls where the input signal VS is subtracted to the
exciter. The parameter SWS sets which system stabilizer that
calculates the value of VS.
n=1
The input signal VS is subtracted to the sum with the
output signal V2.
n=2
The input signal VS is subtracted to the sum with the
output signal V4.
If no system stabilizer is associated, i.e., SWS = 0, the parameter
VOS is ignored. Default = 1
SWU n
Identification number of the associated under excitation limiter
which gives the value of VU. See “Under Excitation Limiter”.
Default = 0
UEL n
A switch that controls where the input signal VU is injected to the
exciter. The parameter SWU sets which under excitation limiter that
calculates the value of VU.
n=1
The input signal VU is added to the sum with the output
signal V2.
n=2
The input signal VU is one of the input signals to the left
HV-gate.
n=3
The input signal VU is one of the input signals to the
right HV-gate.
If no under excitation limiter is associated, i.e., SWU = 0, the
parameter UEL is ignored. Default = 1
SWOF n
Identification number of the associated over excitation limiter
which gives the value of WFC. (The parameter SWOF is often used
when associating a field current limiter but not for this exciter.)
Default = 0
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant. Shall be given in seconds.
Default = 0.09 Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TR < 0.1
VIMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the internal integrator signal VI in
p.u. Default = 0.2
Recommended interval is 0 < VIMAX ≤ 0.2
VIMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the internal integrator signal VI in
p.u. Default = 0
Recommended interval is – 0.3 ≤ VIMIN ≤ 0
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 40 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
TB n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 15
Recommended interval is 0 < TB < 20
TC n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 3
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TC < 10
TC1 n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TC1 < 10
TB1 n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 < TB1 < 20
KA n
Voltage regulator gain in p.u. Default = 55
Recommended interval is 50 < KA ≤ 1000
5 ≤ KA
TC
≤ 15
TB
TA n
Voltage regulator amplifier time constant in seconds. Default = 0.01
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA < 0.5
VAMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VA in p.u. Default = 8
Recommended interval is 3 ≤ VAMAX ≤ 8
VAMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VA in p.u. Default = − 4
Recommended interval is – 8 < VAMIN ≤ – 3
KLR n
Exciter output current limiter gain. Default = 0.0004
Recommended interval is 0 < KLR ≤ 5
ILR n
Exciter output current limit reference. Default = 0.01
Recommended interval is 0 < ILR ≤ 5
KF n
Regulator stabilizing circuit gain p.u. Default = 0.01
Recommended interval is 0 < KF ≤ 0.3
TF n
Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant in seconds. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0.3 < TF ≤ 1.5
VRMAX n
A parameter for calculating the maximum value of the limiter for
the output signal UF in p.u. Default = 8
Recommended interval is 3 ≤ VRMAX ≤ 8
VRMIN n
A parameter for calculating the minimum value of the limiter for
the output signal UF in p.u. Default = −8
Recommended interval is −8 ≤ VRMIN ≤ −3
KC n
A parameter for calculating the maximum of the limiter for the
output signal UF in p.u. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KC < 0.3
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4 TYPE = DSLS/ESST1A/
ILR = 0.01 KLR = 0.0004 TR = 0.09
TF = 1 KF = 0.01 TA = 0.01 VAMIN = −4 VAMAX = 8 KA = 55
TC1 = 1.1 TB1 = 1 TC = 3 TB = 15 VIMIN = 0 VIMAX = 0.2
VRMIN = −8 KC = 0.1 VRMAX = 8
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 41 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Test of exciter ESST1A (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
1.1
150
1.05
100
5
3
O
5
X
4
1.1
+
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
2.4
1.05
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
X
*
*
*
1
50
3
1
1.8
*
O
O
*
O
*
*
O
O
O
O
O
O
+
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
5
5
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
+
X
0
5
X
2
+
+
+
5
5
5
5
5
+
X
X
X
4
+
5
+
+
*
*
*
6
8
X
X
10
12
14
16
X
18
20
22
TIME SECONDS
ID VREG
JOB vreg
DATE
5 AUG 2003 TIME 12:42:35
DIAGRAM
1
Compared with standard type WK (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
1.1
3
5
1.1
150
4
1.05
100
3
1
50
5
2.4
O
1.05
X
1
+
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
1.8
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
X
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
O
O
O
O
*
*
O
O
O
*
O
O
+
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
5
5
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
ID VREG
JOB vreg
X
0
5
+
+
+
2
X
4
6
X
5
+
X
8
X
10
X
X
12
14
16
TIME SECONDS
DATE
5 AUG 2003 TIME 12:58:35
- 42 -
+
5
5
5
+
RUN INSTRUCTION (for the two figures above)
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
+
5
5
+
DIAGRAM
1
18
X
20
22
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
11 ESST2A
Modified IEEE Type ST2A Excitation System
VS
VRMAX
VU
UFMAX
VC
1
1 + sTR
V1 +
VREF
V2
Σ
KA
1 + sTA
HV
GATE
VR
V3 +
Π
VB
VF
1
STE
V4
Σ
-
0.
V5
VRMIN
KE
sKF
1 + sTF
UD+jUQ
VE
VE=|KP(UD+jUQ) +jKI(ID+jIQ)|
ID+jIQ
Π
FEX
IF
IN =
KC IF
VE
IN
FEX=f(IN)
Figure D.11 Block diagram of ESST2A as modelled in Simpow
The bus voltage’s d- and q-components, UD and UQ, and the stator current’s dand q-components of the machine, ID and IQ, are inputs to the exciter.
The signal UF is limited between 0 and UFMAX, see block diagram.
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
Simpow
PSS/E
VC
EC
VS
VOTHSG + VOEL
VU
VUEL
UD + jUQ
VT
ID + jIQ
IT
IF
IFD
UFMAX
EFDMAX
UF
EFD
- 43 -
UF
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
The Rectifier Regulation Characteristic:
If IN ≤ 0
Else if IN ≤ 0.433
⇒
⇒
Else if 0 .433 < IN < 0.75 ⇒
⇒
Else if 1 ≥ IN ≥ 0.75
⇒
Else
IN =
KC ⋅ IF
VE
FEX = 1
FEX = 1 − 0.577 ⋅ IN
FEX = 0.75 − IN 2
FEX = 1.732 ⋅ (1 − IN)
FEX = 0
where IF = field current
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first data,
beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
= DSLS/ESST2A/
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers. NSWS
stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
SWU n
Identification number of the associated under excitation limiter
which gives the value of VU. See “Under Excitation Limiter”.
Default = 0
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant. Shall be given in seconds.
Default = 0.001 Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TR < 0.5
KA n
Voltage regulator gain in p.u Default = 800
Recommended interval is 10 < KA < 1000
TA n
Voltage regulator amplifier time constant in seconds. Default = 0.01
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA < 1
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0.5 < VRMAX < 1.5
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u. Default = −1
Recommended interval is −1.5 < VRMIN < 0.5
KE n
Exciter constant related to self-excited field. Not used if VR is
given. Default = 0.1 Recommended interval is 0 < KE ≤ 1
TE n
Exciter time constant in seconds. Default = 0.0001
Recommended interval is 0 < TE < 2
KF n
Regulator stabilizing circuit gain p.u. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 < KF < 0.3
TF n
Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant in seconds. TF > 0.
Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 < TF < 1.5
UFMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal UF in p.u Default = 8
Recommended interval is 1 < UFMAX < 10
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 44 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
KC n
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance.
Default = 0.2
Recommended interval is 0 < KC < 2
KP n
Potential circuit gain coefficient. KP = 1.19
KI n
Potential circuit gain coefficient. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KI ≤ 8
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4 TYPE= DSLS/ESST2A/
UFMAX = 8 KP = 1.19 KI = 1 KE = 0.1 TF = 1
KF = 0.1 KC = 0.2 TA = 0.01 VRMIN = −1 VRMAX = 1
KA = 800 TE = 0.0001 TR = 0.001
END
Test of exciter ESST2A (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
1.1
100
150
1.05
1
50
3
5
4
3
1.1
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
5
2.4
O
1.05
X
1
+
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
1.8
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
X
*
*
O
*
*
O
*
*
O
O
*
*
*
O
O
O
*
O
O
+
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
5
5
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
ID VREG
JOB vreg
X
0
2
5
X
4
5
5
5
6
X
X
X
8
10
+
5
5
5
X
X
12
14
16
18
X
20
22
TIME SECONDS
DATE
5 AUG 2003 TIME 14:25:46
RUN INSTRUCTION
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
- 45 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
H 03-155-1
- 46 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
12 ESST3A
IEEE Type ST3A Excitation System
V G M AX
V4
KG
VS
VM M AX
V R M AX
VIM AX
VG
VU
VC
1
1 + sTR
V1
-
-
V2
Σ
+
VI
HV
G AT E
1 + sTC
1 + sTB
VA
KA
1 + sTA
VR +
KM
1+sTM
V3
Σ
VIM IN
VM
VB
VM M IN
VR M IN
V R EF
V BM A X
ID + j IQ
UD + j UQ
VE = KP ( Cos θ + jSin θ ) ⋅ (U D + jUQ ) + j ( KI + ( KP ⋅ ( Cosθ + jSin θ )) ⋅ XL )( ID + jIQ )
VE
Π
V5
F EX
IF
IN = KC
VE
IF
IN
FE X =f(IN )
Figure D.12 Block diagram of ESST3A as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The signals VB and VG is limited between (− infinity) and VBMAX respective
VGMAX. See block diagram.
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
Simpow
PSS/E
IF
IFD
UF
EFD
VU
VUEL
VS
VOTHSG + VOEL
VC
EC
KP ⋅ (cosθ + jsinθ)
KP∠THETAP
ID + jIQ
UD + jUQ
IT
- 47 -
VT
UF
Π
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
The Rectifier Regulation Characteristic:
If IN ≤ 0
Else if IN ≤ 0.433
⇒
⇒
Else if 0 .433 < IN < 0.75 ⇒
⇒
Else if 1 ≥ IN ≥ 0.75
⇒
Else
IN =
KC ⋅ IF
VE
FEX = 1
FEX = 1 − 0.577 ⋅ IN
FEX = 0.75 − IN 2
FEX = 1.732 ⋅ (1 − IN)
FEX = 0
where IF = field current
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first
data, beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
= DSLS/ESST3A/
SWU n
Identification number of the associated under excitation limiter
which gives the value of VU. See “Under Excitation Limiter”.
Default = 0
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers. NSWS
stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant in seconds.
Default = 0.0001 Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TR < 0.5
VIMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VI in p.u. Default = 0.8
Recommended interval is 0 < VIMAX < 1
VIMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VI in p.u. Default = −0.1
Recommended interval is −1 < VIMIN < 0
TB n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 15
Recommended interval is 0 < TB < 20
TC n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 3
Recommended interval is 0 < TC < 20
KA n
Voltage regulator gain in p.u. Default = 50.1
Recommended interval is 0 < KA ≤ 200
TA n
Voltage regulator time constant in second. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA < 1
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u. Default = 8
Recommended interval is 0.5 < VRMAX ≤ 10
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u. Default = 0
Recommended interval is −10 ≤ VRMIN < 0.5
KM n
Forward gain constant of the inner loop field regulator.
Default = 800 Recommended interval is 0 < KM < 1000
TM n
Forward time constant of the inner loop field regulator.
Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TM < 1
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 48 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
VMMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VM in p.u. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0.5 < VMMAX ≤ 1.5
VMMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VM in p.u.
Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is −1.5 < VMMIN < 0.5
KG n
Feedback gain constant of the inner loop field regulator.
Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KG < 1.1
VGMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VG in p.u. Default = 4
Recommended interval is 0 < VGMAX < 20
VBMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VB in p.u.
Default = 18
Recommended interval is 0 < VBMAX < 20
KC n
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance.
Default = 0.1 Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KC < 1
KP n
Potential circuit gain coefficient. Default = 4
Recommended interval is 1 < KP < 10
KI n
Potential circuit gain coefficient. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KI ≤ 1.1
XL n
Reactance associated with potential source. Default = 0.01
Recommended interval is 0 < XL < 0.5
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4 TYPE = DSLS/ESST3A/
VGMAX = 4 TB = 15 TC = 3 VMMIN = 0.1
KM = 800 TM = 0.1 VMMAX = 1 TA = 0.1 KA = 50.1 VRMIN = 0
VRMAX = 8 VIMIN = −0.1 VIMAX = 0.8 KI = 0.1
XL = 0.01 KP = 4 TR = 0.0001 KC = 0.1 VBMAX = 18 KG = 1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 49 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Test of exciter ESST3A (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
150
100
50
3
5
3
2.4
1.1
1.1
1.05
1
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
5
1.05
O
1
X
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
4
+
1.8
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
X
*
*
*
*
*
O
O
O
O
*
*
*
O
O
*
O
*
O
O
+
+
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
5
5
+
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
+
X
0
X
2
5
+
+
4
X
6
+
X
5
X
8
10
5
5
5
X
X
12
+
+
5
5
14
16
X
18
20
22
TIME SECONDS
ID VREG
JOB vreg
DATE
1 SEP 2003 TIME 13:38:13
DIAGRAM
SIM
1
Compare of standard type ST3A (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
1.1
3
5
1.1
150
4
1.05
100
3
1
50
5
2.4
O
1.05
X
1
+
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
1.8
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
X
*
*
*
O
O
*
O
O
*
*
*
*
O
O
*
O
*
O
O
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
+
5
5
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
ID VREG
JOB vreg
X
0
5
X
2
X
4
6
X
8
+
5
+
5
5
5
X
10
X
X
12
14
16
18
X
20
22
TIME SECONDS
DATE
6 AUG 2003 TIME 14:23:50
RUN INSTRUCTION (for the two figures above)
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
+
5
5
+
+
+
+
+
- 50 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
13 ESST4B
IEEE Type ST4B Potential or Compounded Source-Controlled Rectifier
Exciter
KG
VS
+
VC
1
1 + sTR
VMMAX
VRMAX
VU
V1 -
-
Σ
WFC
V6
KIR
KPR +
S
V2
+
VR
-
1
1 + sTA
V3
+
Σ
V4
KPM +
KIM
S
V18
V5
LV
GATE
Π
VB
VMMIN
VRMIN
VREF
ID + j IQ
UD + j UQ
VE = K P (Cos θ + jSinθ ) (UD + jUQ ) + j ( K I + K P (Cos θ + jSin θ ) X L )( ID + jIQ )
VE
Π
VBMAX
V7
FEX
IF
IN = KC
IF
VE
IN
FEX=f(IN)
Figure D.13.1 Block diagram of ESST4B as modelled in Simpow
The signals VB is limited between − infinity and VBMAX, see block diagram.
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
SIMPOW
PSS/E
IF
IFD
UF
EFD
VU
VUEL
VS
VOTHSG
VC
EC
KP ⋅ (cosθ + jsinθ)
KP∠THETAP
ID + jIQ
IT
UD + jUQ
VT
WFC
VOEL
- 51 -
UF
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
The Rectifier Regulation Characteristic:
If IN ≤ 0
Else if IN ≤ 0.433
⇒
⇒
Else if 0 .433 < IN < 0.75 ⇒
⇒
Else if 1 ≥ IN ≥ 0.75
⇒
Else
IN =
KC ⋅ IF
VE
FEX = 1
FEX = 1 − 0.577 ⋅ IN
FEX = 0.75 − IN 2
FEX = 1.732 ⋅ (1 − IN)
FEX = 0
where IF = field current
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first
data, beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
=DSLS/ESST4B/
SWU n
Identification number of the associated under excitation limiter
which gives the value of VU. See “Under Excitation Limiter”.
Default = 0
SWOF n
Identification number of the associated over excitation limiter
which gives the value of WFC. (The parameter SWOF is often
used when associating a field current limiter but not for this
exciter.) Default = 0
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers. NSWS
stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
KPM n
Regulator gain. Default = 0.0001
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KPM ≤ 1.2
KPR n
Regulator gain. Default = 40
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KPR ≤ 75
KIR n
Regulator gain. Default = 0.8
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KIR ≤ 75
KIM n
Regulator gain. Default = 5
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KIM ≤ 18
KI n
Potential circuit gain coefficient. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KI ≤ 1.1
XL n
Reactance associated with potential source. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ XL < 0.5
KP n
Potential circuit gain coefficient. Default = 8
Recommended interval is 1 ≤ KP < 10
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant in seconds. Default = 0.01
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TR < 0.5
KC n
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance.
Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KC < 1
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 52 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
VBMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VB in p.u.
Default = 18
Recommended interval is 1 < VBMAX < 20
KG n
Feedback gain constant of the inner loop field regulator.
Default = 0.4
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KG < 1.1
VMMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal V18 in p.u.
Default = −100 Recommended interval is −118.8 ≤ VMMIN ≤ 0
VMMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal V18 in p.u.
Default = 118 Recommended interval is 0.8 ≤ VMMAX ≤ 118
TA n
Voltage regulator time constant in second. Default = 0.01
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA < 1
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u. Default = 4
Recommended interval is 0.8 ≤ VRMAX ≤ 10
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u. Default = −1
Recommended interval is −6 ≤ VRMIN ≤ 0
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4 TYPE = DSLS/ESST4B/
KIM = 5 KPR = 40 KI = 1 TA = 0.01
XL = 0.1 KP = 8 TR = 0.01 KIR = 0.8
KC = 0.1 VBMAX = 18 KG = 0.4
KPM = 0.0001 VMMIN = −100 VMMAX = 118
VRMAX = 4 VRMIN= −1
END
The initiation of the exciter ESST4B
The initiation of the exciter is done as described below.
The LV-gate should not function as usual. Instead, the value of V5 is forced to be
equal to V18. However, if it would happen that WFC should be less than V18, the
simulation will automatically stop during the start-up.
There are two PI-blocks in ESST4B. The abbreviation PI stands for Proportional
Integration block.
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
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ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
The PI-block (the most right PI-block in the figure above) is modelled as described
in the figure below, figure D.13.2.
VMMAX
Parameter
KIM
Parameter
V4
K
1
S
V14
V15 +
Σ
V17
V18
+
KPM
Parameter
VMMIN
K
Parameter
V16
Figure D.13.2 The most-right PI-block in the exciter
The initiation of the block diagrams in figure D.13.2 is done so that the input signal
V14 to the integrator is initially equal to zero, i.e., V14 = 0. At the same time
should the output signal of the integrator V15, match the initial state of the exciter
which is given from a corresponding power-flow solution. To do so V18 should be
adjusted so that UF, see figure D.13.1, is equal to the initial value UF0 calculated
from the corresponding power-flow solution. V18 is therefore set to:
V 18 =
UF 0
VB
(13.1)
Where VB is the initial VB calculated according to ID, IQ, UD, UQ, and IF.
Since the LV-gate initially is set to
V 5 = V 18
(13.2)
then UF is equal to:
UF = V 5 ⋅ VB = {Equation (11.25)} = V 18 ⋅ VB =
= {Equation (11.24)} =
UF 0
⋅ VB = UF 0
VB
(13.3)
Since the most right limiter in figure D.13.2 is in unlimited mode during start-up,
V 17 = V 18
(13.4)
and since the input signal to the integrator V14 is equal to zero, also the signal V16
will be equal to zero.
This means that the initial value of V15 is equal to V17 and from equations (13.1)
– (13.4) we can derive that V15 is set to:
V 15 =
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
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UF 0
VB
(13.5)
- 54 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
To enable V4 equal to zero the exciter has to be further initiated to the left of the
signal V4 in figure D.13.1, so that V3 is equal to V6 and is set to:
V 3 = KG ⋅ UF 0
(13.6)
The most-left PI-block is modelled as described in the figure below, figure D.13.3.
VREF
V1
-
Parameter
VS
+
Σ
VRMAX
Parameter
-
V8
+
Σ
V2
KIR
V10
K
+
VU
Parameter
1
S
V11 +
Σ
V9
VR
+
KPR
VRMIN
K
Parameter
V12
Figure D.13.3 The most-left PI-block in the exciter (The marked area)
Under initiation VR is equal to V3, see figure D.13.1,
VR = V 3 = KG ⋅ UF 0
(13.7)
Since the most right limiter in figure D.13.3 is in unlimited mode during start-up,
V 9 = VR
(13.8)
and since the input signal to the integrator V10 is equal to zero, also the signal V12
will be equal to zero.
This means that the initial value of V11 is equal to V9 and from equations (13.6) –
(13.8) we can derive that V11 is set to:
V 11 = V 9 = KG ⋅ UF 0
(13.9)
To enable V2 equal to zero the exciter has to be further initiated to the left of the
signal V2 in figure D.13.3, so the value of VREF is set as:
VREF = VS + V 1 − VU
(13.10)
The value of VREF in equation (13.10) is kept through all the simulation which is
the normal routine for exciters as well as many other regulators.
The initiation of the exciter is done exactly as the exciter ESST4B is initialized in
the power system simulation software PSS/E.
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 55 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Test of exciter ESST4B (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
1.1
10
5
1.1
150
1.05
7.6
4
1.04
100
3
0.98
50
2
0.92
0
5
1
O
5.2
X
2.8
+
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
0.95
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
X
*
*
O
O
O
O
O
5
5
0.9
0.4
1
0.86
-50
-2
0
0.8
-100
+
X
0
5
*
*
*
O
O
+
+
+
+
X
2
X
4
X
6
8
5
5
5
+
X
10
O
O
+
+
+
X
X
12
5
5
5
14
16
18
+
X
20
22
TIME SECONDS
DATE 12 AUG 2003 TIME 12:51:38
RUN INSTRUCTION
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
*
*
*
*
0.85
ID VREG
JOB vreg
*
- 56 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
14 EXBAS
Basler Static Voltage Regulator Feeding dc or ac Rotating Exciter
VS
VREF
VC
1 V1 1+sTR
+
∑
+
VU
V0
∑
VRMAX
V2
KP+
+
KI
S
V3
1+ sTC V4
1+ sTB
KA
1+ sTA
VR +
1
V5
∑
VE
Π
UF
sTE
FEX
V8
VF
WFC
VRMIN
FEX=f(IN)
IN
V6
KE+SE
+
sKF
1+ sTF
V9 1+ sTF1
∑
1+ sTF2
+ V7
KD
Figure D.14 Block diagram of EXBAS as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
Simpow
PSS/E
VC
EC
VS
VOTHSG + VOEL + VUEL
VU
VUEL
WFC
VOEL
IF
IFD
UF
EFD
The Rectifier Regulation Characteristic:
If IN ≤ 0
Else if IN ≤ 0.433
⇒
⇒
Else if 0 .433 < IN < 0.75 ⇒
⇒
Else if 1 ≥ IN ≥ 0.75
⇒
Else
IN =
KC ⋅ IF
VE
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
FEX = 1
FEX = 1 − 0.577 ⋅ IN
FEX = 0.75 − IN 2
FEX = 1.732 ⋅ (1 − IN)
FEX = 0
where IF = field current
- 57 -
KC * IF
VE
IF
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first data,
beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
=DSLS/EXBAS/
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers. NSWS
stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
SWU n
Identification number of the associated under excitation limiter
which gives the value of VU. See “Under Excitation Limiter”.
Default = 0
SWOF n
Identification number of the associated over excitation limiter
which gives the value of WFC. (The parameter SWOF is often used
when associating a field current limiter but not for this exciter.)
Default = 0
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant. Shall be given in seconds.
Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TR < 0.5
KP n
Potential circuit gain coefficient. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 < KP < 5
KI n
Potential circuit gain coefficient. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ KI < 1.1
TB n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TB < 20
TC n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1.1
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TC < 20
KA n
Voltage regulator gain in p.u. Default = 4000
Recommended interval is 10 < KA ≤ 4000
TA n
Voltage regulator amplifier time constant in seconds. Default = 0.01
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA ≤ 10
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u. Default = 18
Recommended interval is 0.5 < VRMAX < 20
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u. Default = −14
Recommended interval is –20 < VRMIN < 0
KE n
Exciter constant related to self-excited field. Default = 1
Recommended interval is –1 ≤ KE ≤ 1
TE n
Exciter time constant in seconds. Default = 0.01
Recommended interval is 0 < TE < 10
E1 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.0
SE1 n
Saturation Se at E1. Default = 0.2
E2 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.2
SE2 n
Saturation Se at E2. Default = 0.6
KF n
Regulator stabilizing circuit gain p.u. Default = 0.1
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
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- 58 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
TF n
H 03-155-1
Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant in seconds. Default = 1.4
Recommended interval is 0 < TF < 1.5
5≤
TF
≤ 15
KF
TF1 n
Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant in seconds. Default = 0.2
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TF1
TF2 n
Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant in seconds. Default = 0.3
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TF2
KC n
Rectifier loading factor proportional to commutating reactance.
Default = 0.1 Recommended interval is KC ≤ 1
KD n
Demagnetizing factor, a function of exciter alternator reactances.
Default = 0.1 Recommended interval is KD ≤ 2
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4 TYPE = DSLS/EXBAS/
E1 = 1.0 SE1 = 0.2 E2 = 1.2 SE2 = 0.6 VRMIN = −14 TB = 1
TC = 1.1 TE = 0.01 KP = 1 KI = 0.1 KC = 0.1 KD = 0.1 KE = 1
TR = 0.1 TF2 = 0.3 TF = 1.4 KF = 0.1 TF1 = 0.2 TA = 0.01
VRMAX = 18 KA = 4000
END
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
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- 59 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Test of exciter EXBAS (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
150
5
*
100
5
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
O
1.1
X
4
3
+
2.4
1.05
1.1
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
1.05
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
*
*
*
*
*
*
50
1
3
1
1.8
*
O
*
O
O
*
O
O
O
5
5
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
ID VREG
JOB vreg
0
+
5
5
O
+
+
+
5
5
5
5
5
3.333
X
6.667
X
X
X
10
13.333
16.667
X
20
23.333
X
26.667
X
30
X
33.333
36.667
TIME SECONDS
DATE 11 AUG 2003 TIME 14:19:55
RUN INSTRUCTION
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
O
+
+
+
X
O
+
+
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
- 60 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIMPO
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
15 IEEET4
IEEE Type 4 Excitation System
V4=UF*SE(UF)
VREF
V4
VRMAX
+
VC -
Σ
1
∆V
-
1
sTRH
V1
-KR
KR
-1
∆V < KV
VRMIN
VR
+
Σ
V3
1
KE+ sTE
∆ V > KV
VRMAX
V2
-KV
KV
VRMIN
Figure D.15 Block diagram of IEEET4 as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The input signal VC is the same as the signal mentioned as EC in PSS/E and the
output signal UF is the same as the signal mentioned as EFD in PSS/E.
The signal V1 is calculated according to the value of ∆V, see figure D.15, as
follows:
If -KR < ∆V < KR
then
V1 = 0
(15.1)
If ∆V ≤ -KR
then
V1 = -1
(15.2)
If ∆V ≥ KR
then
V1 = 1
(15.3)
The signal V2 is calculated according to the value of ∆V, see figure D15.1, as
follows:
If -KV < ∆V < KV
then
V2 = 0
(15.4)
If ∆V ≤ -KV
then
V2 = VRMIN
(15.5)
If ∆V ≥ KV
then
V2 = VRMAX
(15.6)
Parameter settings:
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
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- 61 -
UF
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first data,
beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
= DSLS/IEEET4/
TRH n
Rheostat time constant in seconds. Default = 40
Recommended interval is 12 < TRH < 100
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VRH in p.u
Default = 9.9
Recommended interval is 2 < VRMAX <10
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the internal signal VRH in p.u
Default = 0
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ VRMIN < 2
KV n
Specifies a deadband which is used in one of the block diagrams,
see figure above. Default = 0.099
Recommended interval is 0.02 < KV < 0.1
KR n
Specifies a deadband which is used in one of the block diagrams,
see figure above. Default = 0.002
Recommended interval is 0.01 < KR < 0.05
KE n
Exciter constant. Default = 0.099
Recommended interval is –1 < KE < 0.1
TE n
Exciter time constant in seconds. Default = 0.099
Recommended interval is 0< TE < 1
E1
Set point for saturation p.u Default = 1.0
E2
Set point for saturation p.u Default = 1.2
SE1
Saturation Se at E1. Default = 0.2
SE2
Saturation Se at E2. Default = 0.6
1)
If VRMAX is zero, the model will compute a new value of it.
a) If KE is zero or negative, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an
output voltage of E2 i.e.: VRMAX = SE(E2 ) × E2
b) If KE is positive, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an output
voltage of E2 with the specified value of KE,
i.e.: VRMAX = (SE (E2 ) + KE ) × E2
In either case above, VRMIN is then set to –VRMAX.
2)
If KE is zero, the model will set a new value of KE.
KE is set to the value that will require a voltage regulator output of
(VRMAX /10) to maintain the present value of excitation voltage, UF, i.e.:
KE =
VRMAX
– SE (UF)
10 ⋅ UF
EXAMPLE:
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 62 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
REGULATORS
4 TYPE = DSLS/IEEET4/
E1 = 1.0 SE1 = 0.2 E2 = 1.2 SE2 = 0.6 TE = 0.099 KE = 0.099
VRMIN = 0 TRH = 40 VRMAX = 9.9 KV = 0.099 KR = 0.002
END
Test of exciter IEEET4 (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
5
150
5
1.1
O
1.05
3
X
4
+
2.4
1.05
1.1
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
*
100
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
*
*
*
*
*
*
50
1
3
0
0.95
1
O
O
O
5
5
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
ID VREG
JOB vreg
X
0
8
5
+
+
+
X
16
5
5
+
+
X
24
32
X
O
5
+
48
5
X
56
O
64
+
+
+
+
X
X
40
5
*
5
X
X
72
80
88
TIME SECONDS
DATE 11 AUG 2003 TIME 13:50:54
RUN INSTRUCTION
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 40 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 70 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 70.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
O
O
2
1.2
0.95
1.8
*
O
*
O
- 63 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
16 IEEEX4
IEEE Type 4 Excitation System
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 64 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Excitation system with DC generator commutator exciter and non-continuously
acting regulators.
VREF
VRM AX
KV
VC
1
1 + sTR
V1
-
+
∑
VER R
V2
V RMAX − V RM IN
sK V T RH
VRH
- KV
VR MIN
If VERR ≥ KV, VR =VRM AX
If |VER R| < KV, VR=VRH
If VER R ≤ -KV, VR =VRM IN
+
1
sTE
V3
∑
VR
UF
V4
KE+SE
Figure D.16 Block diagram of IEEEX4 as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The input signal VC is the same as the signal mentioned as EC in PSS/E and the
output signal UF is the same as the signal mentioned as EFD in PSS/E.
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first data,
beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
= DSLS/IEEEX4/
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant. Shall be given in seconds.
Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 < TR < 0.5
KV n
Minimum / maximum value of the limiter for the output signal V2
in p.u. and it is a constant i block diagram, see figure. The signal V2
is between plus-minus KV. Default = 0.09
Recommended interval is 0.02 < KV < 0.1
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u.
Default = 9
Recommended interval is 2 < VRMAX < 10
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u
Default = 0
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ VRMIN < 2
TRH n
Rheostat time constant in seconds. Default = 80
Recommended interval is 12 < TRH < 100
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
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- 65 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
KE n
Exciter constant. Default = 0.09
Recommended interval is –1 < KE < 0.1
TE n
Exciter time constant in seconds. May be zero if KE is not equal to
zero. Default = 0.9 Recommended interval is 0 < TE <1
E1 n
Set point for saturation p.u Default = 1.0
E2 n
Set point for saturation p.u Default = 1.2
SE1 n
Saturation Se at E1. Default = 0.2
SE2 n
Saturation Se at E2. Default = 0.6
1)
If VRMAX is zero, the model will compute a new value of it.
a) If KE is zero or negative, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an
output voltage of E2 i.e.: VRMAX = SE(E2 ) × E2
b) If KE is positive, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an output
voltage of E2 with the specified value of KE,
i.e.: VRMAX = (SE (E2 ) + KE ) × E2
In either case above, VRMIN is then set to –VRMAX.
2)
If KE is zero, the model will set a new value of KE.
KE is set to the value that will require a voltage regulator output of
(VRMAX /10) to maintain the present value of excitation voltage, UF, i.e.:
KE =
VRMAX
– SE (UF)
10 ⋅ UF
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4
TYPE = DSLS/IEEEX4/
E1 = 1.0 SE1 = 0.2 E2 = 1.2 SE2 = 0.6 KE = 0.09
KV = 0.09 TE = 0.9 VRMAX = 9 TRH = 80 VRMIN = 0 TR = 0.1
END
Test of exciter IEEEX4 (figure below)
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information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
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- 66 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
10
1.1
X
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
O
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
5
150
+
1.6
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
1.1
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
100
1.05
*
*
*
*
50
*
1
8
6
1
1.344
1.05
1.472
*
O
*
*
O
O
O
O
*
O
O
O
+
O
0.95
1.216
4
0.95
0
0.9
2
0.9
-50
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
+
5
+
+
+
+
-100
+
0.85
0
5
+
+
0.96
0.85
1.088
+
X
0
X
8
X
16
24
32
X
X
40
X
48
X
X
56
64
X
*
72
80
88
TIME SECONDS
ID VREG
JOB vreg
DATE
1 SEP 2003 TIME 13:51:08
DIAGRAM
SIM
1
Compared to standard type 4 (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
10
1.1
150
8
1.05
100
5
1.1
O
1.6
X
1.05
+
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
1.472
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
*
*
*
*
*
0
-50
*
50
0.95
0.9
1
6
4
2
1
1.344
0.95
1.216
0.9
1.088
*
O
O
*
5
5
5
O
5
5
*
O
5
O
5
O
5
5
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
X
0
8
X
16
X
24
32
X
40
X
48
X
X
X
56
64
72
*
80
X
88
TIME SECONDS
DATE 27 MAY 2003 TIME 15:51:53
RUN INSTRUCTION (for the two figures above)
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 60 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 80 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 80.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
O
+
-100
0.85
0
0.96
0.85
O
+
+
ID VREG
JOB vreg
O
- 67 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
17 IEET1A
Modified IEEE Type1 Excitation System
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 68 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
VRMAX
VREF
FDMA
+
VC
-
∑
V1
VS
+
∑
KA
1 + sTA
V2
VF
VR
+
∑
V3
1
sTE
V5
FDMI
VRMIN
sKF
1 + sTF
UF
V4
KE+SE
Figure D.17 Block diagram of IEET1A as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, EFDM and SEMAX describes a quadratic saturation
function with respect to SE(UF).
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
Simpow
PSS/E
UF
EFD
FDMA
EFDMAX
FDMI
EFDMIN
VS
VOTHSG +VUEL + VOEL
VC
EC
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first data,
beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
=DSLS/IEET1A/
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers. NSWS
stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
KA n
Regulator gain in p.u. Default = 499
Recommended interval is 10 < KA < 500
TA n
Regulator amplifier time constant in seconds. May be zero.
Default = 0
Recommended interval is 0 ≤ TA < 1
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u
Default = 8
Recommended interval is 0.5 < VRMAX < 10
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 69 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u
Default = −4 Recommended interval is −10 < VRMIN < 0
KE n
Exciter constant. Not used if VR is given. Default = 1
Recommended interval is −1 ≤ KE ≤ 1
TE n
Exciter time constant in seconds. May be zero if KE isn’t set to
zero. Default = 0.3 Recommended interval is 0 < TE < 1
TF n
Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant in seconds. TF > 0
Default = 1.3
5 ≤ TF/KF ≤ 15
KF n
Regulator stabilizing circuit gain p.u. Can not be zero. Default = 0.1
Recommended interval is 0 < KF < 0.3
FDMI n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal UF in p.u
Default = −5
E1 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.0
SE1 n
Saturation Se at E1. Default = 0.2
FDMA n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 2
SEMAX n
Saturation Se at E2. Default = 0.6
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4 TYPE = DSLS/IEET1A/
E1 = 1.0 SE1 = 0.2 FDMA = 2 SEMAX = 0.6 FDMI = −5 TA = 0
TF = 1.3 KF = 0.1 VRMIN = −4 VRMAX = 8
KA = 499 KE = 1 TE = 0.3
END
Test of exciter IEET1A (figure below)
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 70 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
1.1
3
5
1.1
150
4
1.05
100
3
1
50
5
2.4
O
1.05
X
1
+
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
1.8
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
*
O
*
*
O
O
O
5
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
X
0
2
5
X
4
*
O
O
O
+
+
+
+
5
5
5
O
+
5
5
5
+
+
+
*
*
O
X
6
X
X
8
10
X
X
12
14
16
18
X
20
22
TIME SECONDS
DATE
1 SEP 2003 TIME 14:02:52
RUN INSTRUCTION
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
*
*
+
5
+
ID VREG
JOB vreg
*
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
X
*
- 71 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
18 IEET1B
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 72 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Modified Type 1 Excitation System
sKF 1
1 + sTF 1
V9
SWITCH=1
SWITCH=0
V7=UF*SE(UF)
QEG
VC
÷
VR/KA
XE
VREF
+
+
VSMAX
Σ
V1
1
1 + sTR
VT -
Σ
V3 +
V2
-
VRMAX
V10
+
+
Σ
V4 +
-
Σ
V5
KA
1 + sTA1
V7
VR
VREG
1
1 + sTA 2
+
Σ
-
V6
1
sTE
+
V8
VSMIN
VS
VRMIN
- KE
Figure D.18 Block diagram of IEET1B as modelled in Simpow
The parameters E1, SE1, E2 and SE2 describes a quadratic saturation function with
respect to SE(UF).
The value of the signal (VR/KA) is calculated during the initiating and is constant
thereafter.
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow
and PSS/E respectively as:
Simpow
PSS/E
UF
EFD
VR/KA
BIAS
QEG/VC
IMAG
VS
VOTHSG +VUEL + VOEL
VC
EC
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first
data, beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
= DSLS/IEET1B/
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers.
NSWS stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant. Default = 0.001
VSMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal V3in p.u
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 73 -
UF
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
Default = 8
VSMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal V3 in p.u
Default = −2
KA n
Regulator gain in p.u. Default = 800
TA1 n
Regulator amplifier time constant in seconds. Default = 0.0001
VRMAX n
Maximum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u
Default = 8
VRMIN n
Minimum value of limitation of the signal VR in p.u
Default = −4
TA2 n
Regulator amplifier time constant in seconds. Default = 0.001
KE n
Exciter constant. Not used if VR is given. Default = 0.1
TE n
Exciter time constant in seconds. Default = 0.008
TF1 n
Regulator stabilizing circuit time constant in seconds.
Default = 1
KF1 n
Regulator stabilizing circuit gain p.u. Default = 0.1
E1 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.0
SE1 n
Saturation Se at E1. Default = 0.2
E2 n
Set point for saturation.p.u. Default = 1.2
SE2 n
Saturation Se at E2. Default = 0.6
1)
If VRMAX is zero, the model will compute a new value of it.
a) If KE is zero or negative, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an
output voltage of E2 i.e.: VRMAX = SE(E2 ) × E2
b) If KE is positive, VRMAX will just allow the exciter to reach an output
voltage of E2 with the specified value of KE,
i.e.: VRMAX = (SE (E2 ) + KE ) × E2
In either case above, VRMIN is then set to –VRMAX.
2)
If KE is zero, the model will set a new value of KE.
KE is set to the value that will require a voltage regulator output of
(VRMAX /10) to maintain the present value of excitation voltage, UF, i.e.:
KE =
VRMAX
– SE (UF)
10 ⋅ UF
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4 TYPE = DSLS/IEET1B/
E1 = 1 SE1 = 0.2 E2 = 1.2 SE2 = 0.6
TF1 = 1 KF1 = 0.1 XE = 0.0989 KE = 0.1 TE = 0.008
TA2 = 0.001 VRMAX = 8 VRMIN = −4 KA = 800 TA1 = 0.0001
VSMIN = −2 VSMAX = 8 TR = 0.001
END
Test of exciter IEET1B (figure below)
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 74 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
5
150
100
5
1.1
O
1.05
3
X
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
4
1.1
2.4
+
1.05
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
X
*
*
*
50
1
3
1
1.8
O
*
O
O
*
O
O
O
O
O
O
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
5
5
+
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
ID VREG
JOB vreg
X
0
2
5
X
4
+
5
X
6
+
5
+
5
+
5
5
10
X
X
X
X
8
12
14
16
18
X
20
22
TIME SECONDS
DATE 28 AUG 2003 TIME 10:34:58
RUN INSTRUCTION
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
5
+
+
+
+
*
*
*
*
*
- 75 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
19 URST5T
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 76 -
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
IEEE Proposed Type ST5B Excitation System
VU
VC
1
1 + sTR
V1
-
Σ
V2
VRMAX / KR
WFC
HV
GATE
LV
GATE
V3
+
Σ
V4
1 + sTC1
1 + sTB1
V5
VRMAX
VRMAX / KR
1 + sTC 2
1 + sTB 2
V6
KR
V7
VRMAX * UT
1
1 + sT 1
V8 +
Σ
+
+
VREF
VS
UF
-
V9
VRMIN / KR
VRMIN
VRMIN / KR
VRMIN * UT
KC
Figure D.19 Block diagram of URST5T as modelled in Simpow
The following input/output signals in the block diagram are defined in Simpow and
PSS/E respectively as:
Simpow
PSS/E
VC
EC
VS
VOTHSG
VU
VUEL
WFC
VOEL
UT
VT
IF
IFD
UF
EFD
Parameter settings:
n
Unique number of the regulator. This number must be the first
data, beginning in column 1-4.
TYPE n
= DSLS/URST5T/
NSWS n
Number of associated system stabilizers. Default = 1
SWS n
Identification number of the associated system stabilizers. NSWS
stabilizers must be given. Default = 0
SWU n
Identification number of the associated under excitation limiter
which gives the value of VU. See “Under Excitation Limiter”.
Default = 0
SWOF n
Identification number of the associated over excitation limiter
which gives the value of WFC. (The parameter SWOF is often
used when associating a field current limiter but not for this
exciter.) Default = 0
TR n
Voltage transducer filter time constant. Shall be given in seconds.
Default = 0.001
TB1 n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1
TC1 n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1.1
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
- 77 -
IF
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
H 03-155-1
TC2 n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1
TB2 n
Voltage regulator time constant in seconds. Default = 1.2
VRMAX n
A parameter for calculating the maximum value of the output
signal for the filters in p.u. see figure. Default = 10
VRMIN n
A parameter for calculating the minimum value of the output
signal for the filters in p.u. see figure. Default = −1
KR n
Voltage regulator gain in p.u. and it is also a parameter for
calculating the maximum and minimum values of the filters
output signal, see figure. Default = 80
T1 n
Voltage regulator amplifier time constant in seconds.
Default = 0.0001
KC n
Gain in p.u. Default = 0.01
EXAMPLE:
REGULATORS
4
TYPE = DSLS/URST5T/
TR = 0.001 TC2 = 1 TC1 = 1.1 T1 = 0.0001 TB2 = 1.2
TB1 = 1 VRMIN = −1 KC = 0.01 KR = 80 VRMAX = 10
END
Test of exciter URST5T (figure below)
VREG DYNAMIC DATA
*=SYNC
+=SYNC
X=SYNC
O=SYNC
5=SYNC
150
100
50
3
5
3
2.4
1.1
1.1
1.05
1
PU
10.00/SQRT[3] KV
PU
PU
0.58 KA
PU
DEGREES RELATIVE TO GRIDGEN
5
1.05
O
1
X
U POS.
UF VOLTAGE
I POS.
SPEED
TETA
4
+
1.8
*
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
TESTGEN
X
*
*
*
O
*
O
O
*
*
*
O
O
O
O
O
O
+
0
0.95
2
1.2
0.95
+
5
5
+
0.9
0.6
1
0.9
-50
0.85
0
0
0.85
-100
+
ID VREG
JOB vreg
X
0
5
X
4
6
X
8
X
10
+
5
+
5
5
5
X
X
12
14
16
18
X
20
22
TIME SECONDS
DATE 11 AUG 2003 TIME 14:08:25
RUN INSTRUCTION
AT 1 increase VREF by 5%.
AT 8 INST CONNECT LINE GENBUS MIDBUS
AT 16 INST CONNECT FAULT F1
AT 16.1 INST DISCONNECT FAULT F1
END
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
+
+
+
X
2
+
5
5
*
*
*
- 78 -
DIAGRAM
1
SIM
ABB Power Technologies
Technical Report
Implementation of PSS/E-regulators in SIMPOW®
We reserve all rights in this document and in the
information contained herein. Reproduction, use
or disclosure to third parties without express
authority is strictly forbidden. ABB Power
Technologies (SE)
H 03-155-1
- 79 -