Procedure
People and Plant Interface in Highway Works
Construction Services UK
ELIMINATE – MINIMISE – MITIGATE
SCOPE
This procedure applies to all highway projects with lane closure type works including Joint Venture projects
where the Company Management System has been adopted by the JV Board. Where the Company is
required to operate another party’s Management System then the requirements of Joint Venture/Alliance
BMS Assessment (BSEF-PC-0001) must be followed in relation to assessing the validity of 3rd party
management systems.
PURPOSE
This procedure is supplementary to the People and Plant Interface Procedure (HSEN-PC-0033). It provides
a standard interpretation of people and plant segregation principles for highway lane closure type works.
This type of work includes maintenance and capital projects such as; resurfacing, barrier works, grass
cutting, gully emptying, electrical work and inspection (this is an indicative but not exhaustive list).
This procedure does not deal with the risk in highway works from errant public vehicles.
This procedure must be read in conjunction with HSEN-PC-0033 People and Plant Interface, as
the controls and requirements of HSEN-PC-0033 must also be implemented.
DEFINITIONS
PC
Principal Contractor
WPP
Work Package Plan
PVPMP
Plant, Vehicle and Pedestrian Management Plan
SSoW
Safe System of Work
CITB
Construction Industry Training Board
SMSTS
Site Management Safety Training Scheme
DABs/NABs
Daily/Nightly Activity Briefings
COMPETENCIES
Plant, Vehicle and Pedestrian Coordinator (PVPC)
Must have sufficient knowledge and experience to identify and manage the risks associated with effective
plant/people interface. They must hold, as a minimum, the CITB Site Management Safety Training Scheme
(SMSTS) and have a level of seniority which allows them to carry out their role without compromise.
Plant and Vehicle Marshals (PVM)
All Plant and Vehicle Marshals must be trained to an appropriate level on a course recognised by Balfour
Beatty (Pre and Post exam questionnaires, minimum 4 hours duration) and the training must be repeated
at intervals of no more than three years. Balfour Beatty recognised courses consist of the CPCS Plant and
Vehicle Marshaller training course (A73) and the internal Balfour Beatty Plant and Vehicle Marshal training
course. Any other Subcontractor or external PVM courses will only become recognised by Balfour Beatty
through attendance / vetting by a Balfour Beatty PVM Trainer. PVMs must be over the age of 18, have
demonstrated a strong mature personality and be physically fit. They must be subject to a ‘fitness for task’
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Procedure
People and Plant Interface in Highway Works
Construction Services UK
health assessment. See Health Requirements section of Plant and People Interface procedure (HSEN-PC0033) for further details.
In accordance with the Balfour Beatty PPE procedure (HSEN-PC-0004); in addition to compliance with the
general minimum standards of PPE the following must be worn at all times when undertaking the role of
PVM:
·
Red Safety helmet with, where applicable through risk assessment, suitable chin strap;
·
Orange High visibility jacket or vest (Class 3) labelled “Vehicle Marshal”
·
Orange High visibility trousers
·
Orange High visibility Gloves
·
Helmet lamps showing red to the rear and white to the front - required only for Highways works
during the hours of darkness (see Table 4 for details).
PROHIBITIONS
·
Fuelling of plant by means of transferring fuel from one vehicle to another is prohibited.
·
Reversing Vehicles out of the site is prohibited.
·
Directing Traffic on a public highway is prohibited unless trained and authorised to position
Emergency Traffic Management in support of incidents.
REQUIREMENTS
1. Planning the Work
1.1. The management and supervision of people / plant interface MUST ALWAYS be planned
with the Safe System of Work communicated to all involved and its implementation
monitored by a nominated competent supervisor(s).
1.2. Whilst every project must have an overall Plant, Vehicle and Pedestrian Management Plan
covering all locations and activities, a separate plan is not required for every section of
highways works. However the overall PVPMP (Appendix 1) must contain a detailed, clear,
annotated and colour site drawing(s) or sketch, for each section of the works.
1.3. Where response to foreseeable ‘emergencies’ forms part of the project activities (e.g
Incident Support Unit operations) a standard Safe System of Work will be developed as far
as is reasonably practicable and training provided to operatives in location specific risk
assessment in order to implement the Safe System of Work, as necessary, to each situation.
1.4. Where response to larger scale foreseeable ‘emergencies’ forms part of the project
activities (e.g emergency resurfacing) a standard Safe System of Work will be developed as
far as is reasonably practicable which must be updated to reflect specific site conditions,
specifically covering People and Plant Interface issues (e.g PVPMP sketch of the interfaces –
See 1.8).
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Procedure
People and Plant Interface in Highway Works
Construction Services UK
1.5. Table 1 summarises the hierarchical principles of control for the risk of people and plant /
vehicle interface. You must choose control measures from as high up the hierarchy as is
reasonably practicable.
1.6. Table 2 summarises the hierarchical principles of control for the risk of vehicle reversing.
You must choose control measures from as high up the hierarchy as is reasonably
practicable.
1.7. Ensure that the Work Package Plan (Method Statement) (WPP)/PVPMP includes a scale
drawing or sketch (Appendix 1 extracted from the PVPMP) showing the extents of the work
space within the closure, the location of delivery lorry / plant and vehicle access points and
suitably sized holding areas (see best practice hold point arrangement in Table 5). The
drawing must also include the locations of the mandatory signage as detailed in Table 3 and
the locations of task lighting sets where these are necessary.
1.8. Ensure that drawings / sketches are produced in sufficient time to allow review in the
context of proposed work activities and space requirements.
1.9. Ensure that prepared drawings / sketches are made available to all contractors required to
work within the closure, to review suitability (ability to work safely) and comment back to
the Principal Contractor (PC) before work is authorised to start. Contractors must be asked
to demonstrate how the logistics of the activities (entry, exit and passing of plant / vehicles)
will take place, demonstrating this on the paper drawing, before work is approved to start
on site.
In situations where public safety requires that work must start at short notice, as a
minimum, a pre-start discussion using a site sketch must be held between the PCs
Management / Supervision and the contractors Management / Supervision to run through
space restrictions, access points and the logistics of plant / vehicle movements and
pedestrian worker segregation, including the stationing of PVMs and ‘hold points’. Work
may not proceed until both PC and Contractor have agreed how the measures required in
this document for segregation, reversing and PVM control will be effectively implemented.
1.10. Ensure that the PC duty of coordination has been undertaken. This means that the hazards
arising from separate activities which may be occurring in the same or adjacent space and /
or at the same time (by separate work groups or multiple contractors) are given adequate
consideration and that the plan provides adequate control measures for every activity and
their effect on each other. The hazards and controls arising from these interface issues will,
where relevant, be included in the WPP Task Briefings. Where appropriate the PC will hold
coordination meetings collectively with sub-contractors both at the planning stage and at
intervals throughout the work.
1.11. Ensure that the WPP specifically includes resource allowance for PVM(s) trained on a BB
recognised course.
1.12. Having regard to the hierarchy in Table 1 and Table 2 ensure that the WPP covers the
nomination and deployment of dedicated and / or part time PVM(s) so that the following is
achieved:
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Procedure
People and Plant Interface in Highway Works
Construction Services UK
·
PVMs must be stationed at designated ‘hold points’ and / or access points to
receive and manage plant and vehicle movements.
·
PVMs must be stationed at locations where pedestrian workers and plant /
vehicles may interface.
·
PVMs must be stationed where there are pedestrian attendants to plant
operations and physical segregation cannot be implemented or maintained due
to existing process technology that cannot allow simple imposition of physical or
distance segregation.
·
PVMs must be stationed where delivery lorries will be required to reverse unless
control measures from further up the control hierarchy are in place (see Table 2).
·
A dedicated PVM must be allocated to manage the interface and control
approaching and passing plant and vehicles for every mobile pedestrian work
location which does not have barrier segregation. This applies to pedestrian work
whether there is one or several workers.
1.13. Where more than one PVM is required or nominated, ensure clear arrangements and
handover of plant and vehicle control between PVMs. This may require radio contact
between PVMs.
1.14. Where reasonably practicable ensure that plant and vehicle (including delivery) drivers /
operators have received the Project Induction (or relevant part of) prior to being allocated
to BB or JV project operations / tasks / deliveries. This means that there is a strong
preference to providing delivery drivers with a relevant induction before they are
dispatched to a lane closure. However, it is accepted that for one time deliveries due to
arrive mid shift this will not always be possible.
1.15. Arrange for the provision of access / holding point location instructions to drivers at their
despatch point. This will take the form of a map and clear written directions.
1.16. As part of the Work Package Plan output prepare laminated ‘flash card’ briefing material for
PVMs to use as a standard briefing with delivery drivers. A template Driver Flash Card for
Highway Lane Closures (HSEN-TF-0062) is provided. This ‘flash card’ briefing MUST always
be provided to all delivery drivers, at a physical barrier hold point in the closure, before they
reach areas where there may be pedestrian workers and before it is necessary for them to
reverse.
1.17. All personnel working at night in road closures must use helmet lamps showing red to the
rear and white to the front (see Table 4 for details). Replacement supplies of lamps and
batteries must be readily available on site.
1.18. Ensure that competent PC and Subcontractor supervision is allocated to the work.
Supervision must be fully briefed on the approved SSoW, WPP and PVPMP and have a copy
available on site.
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Procedure
People and Plant Interface in Highway Works
Construction Services UK
1.19. Ensure that all employed personnel who this document is relevant to have a recorded
briefing on the relevant sections of the document.
1.20. Ensure that all relevant subcontractors are provided with a copy of this document.
2. Supervising the Work
2.1. Supervisors will ensure that they have received a briefing into, and a copy of, the approved
subcontractor SSoW, WPP and PVPMP, as applicable, for the works they are to oversee.
2.2. Supervisors will ensure that works are executed in accordance with the approved
subcontractor SSoW, WPP and PVPMP, as applicable. Where the need arises to alter or
depart from the plan for the work the Supervisor must place the effected part of the work
on hold (in accordance with the Golden Rules) while the safety of the change is reviewed
and approved by line management with the authority to approve plans.
2.3. Supervisors will ensure that the workforce have received the relevant task briefing for the
work to be undertaken before it starts.
2.4. Supervisors will ensure that the workforce have received DABS / NABS at the start of the
shift before work starts.
2.5. Whilst Supervisors are responsible for quality, programme, cost, environment, health and
safety, priority must always be given to ensuring that the site is safely set up, that effective
briefings have been delivered and that the approved SSoW, WPP and PVPMP are complied
with.
2.6. Ensure the use of the flash card briefing material by PVM to brief arriving plant and vehicle
driver(s) / operator(s) without exception (HSEN-SF-0094).
2.7. Ensure that clear information is communicated and briefed that reversing cameras / CCTV
on plant & vehicles are an aid to reversing in the same way as mirrors. Neither of which are
a reliable means of adequately controlling plant and / or vehicle movements where the
potential for pedestrian worker interface exists.
2.8. Where plant and vehicles are conducted to secondary waiting locations, impose clear
requirement via PVM, that NO movement is permissible unless under express instruction
from PVM.
2.9. Where there are potential interfaces with pedestrian workers, plant and vehicles may only
manoeuvre when directed by a trained PVM.
2.10. All drivers must be instructed by the PVM at the start of each manoeuvre or shift that
should the driver be unable to see the PVM at any point using means other than the CCTV
the driver must immediately stop moving and wait for the PVM to reappear. The PVM must
at all times be visible by means other than the CCTV.
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Procedure
People and Plant Interface in Highway Works
Construction Services UK
2.11. When Plant & Vehicles first arrive on site and at the start of every shift the PVM who will
control the vehicle reversing must satisfy themselves by personal inspection that mirrors,
CCTV, flashing beacons and sounders are in place and fully operational.
2.12. PVMs must instruct drivers to switch off flashing beacons when safely parked in the closure
and to switch to sidelights rather than headlights. This will ensure that vehicles remain
visible without causing glare. Drivers must switch beacons and headlights on before
moving.
2.13. Plant operators are to be reminded during DABS / NABS briefing that they become a
pedestrian worker when they step out of plant.
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Procedure
People and Plant Interface in Highway Works
Construction Services UK
Table 1 – Hierarchy of Control for the Risk of People and Plant / Vehicle Interface
You must choose control measures from as high up the hierarchy as is reasonably practicable.
Most safe
– high on
hierarchy
Hierarchy
Eliminate
Considerations when Planning.
Consideration must be given to the
adoption of plant and equipment which
negate the need for pedestrian worker
activity (e.g. tack coat lorries that
incorporate an automated boom for
coating longitudinal joints with
bitumen).
Where the above is not possible consideration should be given to segregating
people from plant and vehicles by programming work in the shift in such a way
that activities which must be done by pedestrian workers are not done
concurrently with activities that require mobile operated plant and vehicles – the
later being held at physical barrier hold points outside the pedestrian work area.
Minimise
Mitigate
– low on
hierarchy
Where the above is not
possible people should
be physically excluded
from plant and vehicles
zones
by
physical
barriers.
Where the above is not possible, due to
the mobile nature and short duration of
works, the movement of plant and
vehicles must be managed and directly
supervised by Plant and Vehicle
Marshals, PVMs (trained on a BB
recognised course) so that plant and
vehicle exclusion zones and associated
safe systems of work are maintained at
all times.
Where the length of closures is significant and pedestrian worker activity is in
more than one location along the closure, and the above is not possible, a
dedicated PVM must be stationed with each group of pedestrian workers (or
single pedestrian worker) with the object of maintaining exclusion zones /
managing interface when mobile plant or vehicles approach and need to pass
through the pedestrian worker area.
An example situation could be a long closure with a number of discrete areas of
pedestrian work, where vehicles have to travel long distances between each area.
In this situation PVMs will be provided at (or just inside) the access point and at
receiving ‘HOLD POINTS’ (with physical barriers) just ahead of pedestrian areas. A
pedestrian prohibited area will be enforced between the PVM controlled areas.
This prevents the necessity for PVMs to walk long distances.
Alternatively where pedestrian work groups are continually mobile a PVM will
move with them to look out for and control plant and vehicles passing through the
area of interface.
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Procedure
People and Plant Interface in Highway Works
Construction Services UK
Table 2 – Hierarchy of Control for the Risk of Vehicle Reversing
Most safe high on
hierarchy
Hierarchy
Eliminate
Minimise
Mitigate
– low on
hierarchy
Considerations when Planning.
Where reasonably practicable the need to reverse will be planned out of
the work.
Where reversing cannot be avoided it should only take place in designated
reversing areas (identified in the PVPMP) where ALL pedestrian workers,
including PVMs) are physically excluded by barriers and plant / vehicles
have all-round visibility via mirrors and CCTV.
Where the above is not possible, reversing will only take place under the
control of a PVM (with BB recognised PVM training). PVMs must always be
in a position of safety and the driver briefed that if he loses sight of the
PVM (direct line or in mirrors – CCTV must NOT be relied upon) he/she
must immediately stop moving and wait for the PVM to re-establish visual
contact (by direct line or in mirrors).
Table 3 – Mandatory Standard Signage in Lane Closures (Available in the Site and Safety Signage
Catalogue)
Location
Specification
Every access point. Situated
at the first suitable and safe
position inside a closure once
past the access point.
Minimum 50mm xht and sized
1215mm x 870mm.
Must be used in all closures
where deliveries of equipment
or materials are planned /
expected.
Every hold point. Situated at
a suitable and safe position at
each designated plant and
vehicle hold point.
Must be used in all closures
where deliveries of equipment
or materials are planned /
expected.
Wording and Appearance
Metal sign on raised frame put
out with the TM.
Minimum 50mm xht and sized
1215mm x 1070mm.
Metal sign on raised frame put
out with the TM.
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Procedure
People and Plant Interface in Highway Works
Construction Services UK
Table 4 – Helmet Lamps
Requirement
Example of Product Meeting Front
Lamp Requirement
Example of Product Meeting Rear
Lamp Requirement
White led lamp to the front of
helmet and red led lamp to
the rear. Brightness must be
similar to that of a rear cycle
lamp and sufficient to be seen
through glare of vehicle
headlamps in the background.
My Cycle 5 Led Rear Bike Light
Centurion S32FMHL
This utilises an approved rubber This has a clip on the back which
strap to secure the lamp to the can be attached to the front lamp
rubber strap.
helmet.
Method of attaching to
helmet must not compromise
the integrity of helmet or
invalidate manufacturer
warrantee.
Table 5 – Best Practice Arrangement for ‘Hold Points’
In order that drivers have advance notice that they are approaching a ‘hold point’, where other vehicles
may be parked and drivers / PVMs may be on foot accessing the parked vehicles, where possible a chicane
should be set up a suitable distance ahead of the hold point. The distance between the chicane and the
hold point barriers must be sufficient to accommodate all concurrent expected deliveries parked up end to
end on one side of the road. The drawing below is indicative only – the exact arrangement should be
amended to suit the location and number of lanes in the closure accordingly.
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