TCG 005005-1-2003
GUIDELINES
FOR
STREET LIGHTING
OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE
Issued: December 2003
Intelligent Transport Systems Group
Traffic and Transport Integration Department
60 Denmark Street Kew 3101
Phone: (03) 9854 2111
Fax: (03) 9854 2319
TTI – Intelligent Transport Systems Group
Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
PREFACE
A.
GENERAL
This guideline has been developed by the VicRoads ‘Traffic and Transport
Integration Department’ (herein called the “Department”). It is one of a
number of technical guidelines designed to assist VicRoads Regional Offices
and Project Groups when installing “on-road” ITS devices, traffic signal
equipment and other electrical equipment and associated devices and control
systems.
This guideline, and any associated standard drawings, is intended for use in
all relevant works undertaken by or on behalf of VicRoads.
B.
Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
All equipment covered by this guideline shall comply with all relevant
requirements of the Australian Communications Authority (ACA) for EMC.
All equipment covered by this guideline shall comply with the requirements of
AS4251.1 Electromagnetic compatibility – Generic emission standard – Part
1: Residential, commercial and light industry.
For equipment complying with the ACA’s ‘Level 1’ category a copy of a
‘Declaration of Conformity’ shall be supplied to VicRoads.
For equipment complying with the ACA’s ‘Levels 2 and 3’ categories, a copy
of a test report (from a NATA approved testing facility) showing compliance
shall be supplied to VicRoads. Equipment falling into either of these two
categories shall be labelled with a conforming ‘C-Tick’.
C.
Telecommunications Equipment
All telecommunications equipment shall comply with relevant requirements of
the ACA. Such equipment shall be labelled with an ACA issued
‘A-Tick’
.
COPYRIGHT
© Roads Corporation trading as VicRoads. All rights reserved.
This document remains the property of VicRoads. No part of this
document may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written
permission of VicRoads T&TI Department.
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
Contents
1
INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 5
1.1
1.2
1.3
BACKGROUND ................................................................................................................... 5
REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 6
DEFINITIONS ......................................................................................................................... 8
1.4
ACCEPTANCE ..................................................................................................................... 9
1.4.1
Acceptance ........................................................................................................................ 9
1.4.2
Approved........................................................................................................................... 9
2
OPERATION OF LIGHTING SCHEMES ................................................................................ 9
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.4.1
2.4.2
2.4.3
2.4.4
2.5
3
GENERAL MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS .................................................................. 13
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
4
SCOPE .................................................................................................................................. 9
MAINTENANCE ELEMENTS .......................................................................................... 10
LAMP REPLACEMENT OPTIONS................................................................................... 10
MAINTENANCE OPTIONS .............................................................................................. 11
Annual Tariff................................................................................................................... 11
Revised or Maintenance Only Tariff ............................................................................... 11
Maintenance Contract (Preffered).................................................................................. 11
Fee For Service .............................................................................................................. 12
IDENTIFICATION OF ASSETS ........................................................................................ 12
RESPONSE TIMES ............................................................................................................ 13
PERFORMANCE ............................................................................................................... 13
COMPLIANCE ................................................................................................................... 13
AUDIT ................................................................................................................................ 13
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY COMPANY REQUIREMENTS................................................ 13
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DESIGN PLANS ....................................................................... 13
JOINT USE POLES............................................................................................................. 14
FRANGIBLE POLES.......................................................................................................... 14
LUMINAIRES .................................................................................................................... 14
UNDERSTRUCTURE LIGHTING .................................................................................... 14
TUNNELS ........................................................................................................................... 14
PEDESTRIAN TUNNELS .................................................................................................. 15
NEAR AIRPORTS .............................................................................................................. 15
ROUTINE AND PERIODIC MAINTENANCE ...................................................................... 15
4.1
GENERAL .......................................................................................................................... 15
4.2
PATROLS ........................................................................................................................... 16
4.3
EQUIPMENT ...................................................................................................................... 16
4.3.1
Poles ............................................................................................................................... 16
Luminaires .................................................................................................................................... 16
4.3.3
Lamp Replacement ......................................................................................................... 17
4.3.4
Control Gear and Transformers ..................................................................................... 18
4.3.5
Photo Electric Equipment ............................................................................................... 18
4.3.6
Other Luminaire Components and Lighting Scheme Assets ........................................... 18
5
NON-ROUTINE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS .............................................................. 19
5.1
CALL-OUT AND FAULT ATTENDANCE ...................................................................... 19
5.2
FAILURE AND OUTAGE CORRECTION ....................................................................... 20
5.2.1
Repair of PE Cells and Contactors................................................................................. 20
5.2.2
Ad Hoc Replacement Of Lamps ...................................................................................... 20
5.2.3
Repair and Replacement Of Brackets ............................................................................. 20
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5.3
6
RE-INSTALLATION OF RIGID AND FRANGIBLE POLES .......................................... 21
CONTRACTOR WARRANTY AND RESOURCES .............................................................. 21
6.1
6.2
6.3
7
Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
WARRANTY ...................................................................................................................... 21
RESOURCES ...................................................................................................................... 22
PENALTIES........................................................................................................................ 22
INVENTORY AND SURVEYS ................................................................................................. 22
7.1
INVENTORY...................................................................................................................... 22
7.2
SURVEYS ........................................................................................................................... 23
SUGGESTED MAINTENANCE REGIME ...................................................................................... 24
APPENDIX B ........................................................................................................................................ 26
BULK REPLACEMENT V BURN TO EXTINCTION ..................................................................... 26
APPENDIX C ....................................................................................................................................... 28
CALL OUT AND FAULT ATTENDANCE TIME ........................................................................... 28
INSPECTION FREQUENCY .................................................................................................................... 28
END OF LIFE / PREDICTED LIFE SPANS ..................................................................................... 28
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1
INTRODUCTION
1.1
BACKGROUND
Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
As part of the deregulation of the electricity supply industry, from 1 January
2001 VicRoads and Municipalities are now able to design, install, own,
operate, maintain, and repair street lighting schemes.
To maximise the benefits that flow from deregulation, some changes have
been made to the way in which street lighting schemes have been designed,
installed and maintained in the past. Wherever possible, schemes shall be
installed as “stand alone”, that is, using dedicated lighting poles rather than
power distribution poles, with minimal points of supply, and metered. This
enables the operation and maintenance of these schemes to be competitively
tendered and to be to VicRoads standards. Where it is not practicable for a
scheme to be installed as a “stand alone” scheme, the mounting of luminaires
on Distribution Company (Dist Co) poles with supply via the local distribution
network may be necessary, and the operation and maintenance of such
schemes will remain with the relevant Dist Co.
The purpose of this guideline is to provide assistance to Regions for the
management of the operation and maintenance of new stand-alone street
lighting schemes on declared roads; being freeways, State highways, main
roads, and tourists' roads. Schemes should, as far as practicable, be operated
and maintained in accordance with this guideline and with the associated
standards and documents listed herein.
The contents of this guideline include general maintenance considerations,
requirements for the maintenance of specific equipment, and repair of crash
damage.
In accordance with general practice all VicRoads electrical installations shall
be maintained to fully conform to the requirements of Australian Standard
AS/NZS 3000:2000 Australian/New Zealand Wiring Rules.
It should be noted that the electrical industry is now deregulated in respect of
street lighting, for new and replacement street lighting schemes installed on
roads under the care and management of VicRoads. Thus, no agreement
which transfers ownership, or which could be interpreted as transferring
ownership, away from VicRoads shall be made.
All lighting installations need electrical power. This requires coordination with
an electric utility to obtain and maintain the necessary voltage at the designed
point of delivery.
Proper maintenance of the lighting system is essential. It must produce the
type of results that were contemplated in the system design. Over time, light
output from lamps diminishes and dirt accumulates on the luminaire.
Brackets and poles suffer corrosion. Pits and conduits may suffer damage.
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
These require a restoration process. Maintenance intervals and the extent of
maintenance need to be set up so as to guarantee proper operation of the
system to within the parameters set out in the Australian Standard.
1.2
REFERENCES
The following standards, codes, specifications, procedures, guides and related
documents shall be adhered to in the operation and maintenance of street
lighting schemes on VicRoads’ declared road network, and in the design and
fabrication/manufacture of the various replacement component parts.
•
AS 1052, "Electromagnetic
measuring methods";
interference
measuring
apparatus
and
•
AS/NZS 1158, "Road lighting";
•
AS 1158.4, SAA Public Lighting Code, "Supplementary Lighting at
Pedestrian Crossings";
•
AS 1170.2, "Wind Loads";
•
AS 1204, "Weldable Steels or AS1594-1981 Hot Rolled Low Carbon Steel
Plate, Sheet and Strip";
•
AS 1468, "Ballasts for high pressure mercury vapour and low pressure
sodium discharge lamps";
•
AS 1554.1, "Welding of steel structures";
•
AS 1650, "Hot-dipped galvanised coatings on ferrous articles";
•
AS 1897, "Electroplated coatings on threaded components";
•
AS 1939, "Degrees of Protection provided by Enclosures for Electrical
Protection";
•
AS 2053.1, "Conduits and Fittings for Electrical Devices General
requirements";
•
AS 2053.2, "Conduits and Fittings for Electrical Installations Rigid plain
conduits and fittings of insulating materials";
•
AS 2344, "Limits of electromagnetic interference from overhead a.c. power
lines";
•
AS 2644, "Capacitors for use in discharge lamp circuits";
•
AS/NZS 3000, Electrical Installations (known as the Australian/New Zealand
Wiring Rules);
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
•
AS 3008.1, "Electrical Installations - Selection of Cables";
•
AS 3100, "Approval and test specification for definitions and general
requirements for electrical materials and equipment";
•
AS 3108, "Approval and test specification - Particular requirements for
isolating transformers and safety isolating transformers" (i.e. control gear);
•
AS 3678, "Structural steel - Hot-Rolled plates, floor plates and slabs";
•
AS 3679.1, "Hot-rolled bars and sections";
•
AS 3771, "Road Lighting Luminaires with Integral Control Gear";
•
AS/NZS 3947, "Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear";
•
AS 4100, "Steel structures";
•
AS 9000 series, "Quality Systems" as applicable;
•
Standards Australia - Communications Cabling Manual; and
•
International Commission on Illumination (CIE) Publication CIE 88 - 1990,
Guide for the Lighting of Road Tunnels and Underpasses.
•
VicRoads Standard Specifications For Roadworks And Bridgeworks and
associated standard drawings;
•
VicRoads and T&TI standard drawings;
•
VicRoads Specification for the Supply of Joint Use Poles, Joint Use Mast
Arms, Mast Arms, and Rigid Street Lighting Poles, numbered TCS001;
•
VicRoads Specification for the Supply of Luminaires for High Pressure
Sodium Lamps, numbered TCS012;
•
VicRoads Specification for the Installation and Remodel of Traffic Signals,
numbered TCS013;
•
VicRoads Specification for the Supply of Frangible Street Lighting Poles,
numbered TCS014;
•
VicRoads Specification for the Supply of Distribution Box for Street Lighting
Power Supply, numbered TCS043;
•
VicRoads Specification for the Supply of Lamps for High Pressure Sodium
Luminaires, numbered TCS044;
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
•
VicRoads Specification for the Fabrication and Supply of Street Lighting
Brackets, numbered TCS050;
•
VicRoads Procedure for “Plant Operation in Proximity to Overhead
Powerlines”;
•
VicRoads Traffic Engineering Manual Volume 1, Chapter 6, Lighting of
Roads, where applicable;
•
Guide to Traffic Engineering Practice, Part 12, AUSTROADS (formerly
NAASRA) 1988, Roadway Lighting, where applicable;
•
current Dist Co VESI wiring rules and standard drawings, where applicable;
•
draft ESAA/AUSTROADS document entitled "Guidelines for the Use and
Placement of Rigid and Frangible Street Lighting Columns on Traffic Routes"
October 1990 where not in conflict with any VicRoads or Dist Co document;
and
•
AUSTRALIAN Bridge Design Code.
•
Office of the Chief Electrical Inspector, Rules for Operating Near Overhead
Power Lines for Cranes, Concrete Placing Booms and Excavating
Equipment.
•
Office of the Chief Electrical Inspector, Rules for Operating Elevating Work
Platforms Near Overhead Power Lines.
•
Office of the Chief Electrical Inspector, Rules for Erecting Scaffolding Near
Overhead Power Lines.
1.3
DEFINITIONS
For the purposes of this document, the following definitions apply:
"Distribution Company" and "Dist Co" have the same meaning as
"distribution company" in the Electricity Industry Act 1993, No. 130/1993
and CitiPower, TXU, AGL, PowerCor, United Energy or other distributor as
appropriate wherever used throughout this document.
"lamp" or "globe" or "bulb" or "tube" - the man made source of light
contained or fitted within the luminaire.
"luminaire" or "lantern" or "light" - the apparatus which distributes, filters or
transforms the light transmitted from one or more lamps and which includes,
except for the lamps themselves, all the parts necessary for fixing and protecting
the lamps and, where necessary, circuit auxiliaries together with the means for
connecting them to the electric supply.
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
"Pre-qualified contractor" - a contractor registered with VicRoads to undertake
the necessary on road electrical work for VicRoads. The contractor shall also
be a “Registered Electrical contractor” registered in accordance with Part 3 of
the Electricity Safety Act 1998 and the Electricity Safety (Installations)
Regulations 1999 contractors.
"SECV" - the former State Electricity Commission of Victoria where appropriate
or else means the relevant Dist Co as appropriate.
"T&TI" - Traffic and Transport Integration Department of VicRoads.
"VESI" - Victorian Electricity Supply Industry as used in the term VESI standard.
1.4
ACCEPTANCE
1.4.1 Acceptance
All street lighting parts and equipment supplied by the contractor or installed at
the work site shall conform to a sample previously supplied to and formally
accepted by the VicRoads Traffic & Transport Integration Department. Such
acceptance is subject to the T&TI procedure for Product Evaluation, which
requires samples to be submitted by the supplier for evaluation and acceptance.
Acceptance of the submitted product is acknowledged by the issue of a
notification of "Certificate of Type approval".
1.4.2 Approved
References to "approved" within this document shall mean acceptance by T&TI
of individual components, processes or methods for like or similar applications
and purposes.
2
OPERATION OF LIGHTING SCHEMES
2.1
SCOPE
VicRoads shall undertake the operation and maintenance of:
(a)
existing and future lighting schemes on all freeways; and
(b)
post 2000 stand-alone cost shared lighting schemes on declared roads
under VicRoads’ care and management.
Any new street lighting operation and maintenance systems instituted by
VicRoads should:
(c)
be under VicRoads control and to VicRoads standards;
(d)
be Region wide and merged with any Regional freeway lighting
operation and maintenance systems;
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
(e)
be immediately responsive to failures and crash damage;
(f)
deliver the lowest cost operation and maintenance whilst maintaining
the light technical parameter values; and
(g)
avoid being locked into any one service provider.
2.2
MAINTENANCE ELEMENTS
The elements of an effective operation and maintenance regime shall include:
(a)
an up-to-date inventory of equipment
(b)
good condition monitoring and effective fault detection through day
and/or night patrols, or by remote monitoring (if available)
(c)
a prompt fault and damage repair response, within specified time
frames
(d)
an established cyclic maintenance programme with regular cleaning
(e)
an electrical testing schedule
(f)
a programme for risk assessment and structural testing of columns and
brackets.
2.3
LAMP REPLACEMENT OPTIONS
Lamps may be either “bulk replaced” at the end of their ‘useful service life’
(see section 4.3.3), or may be “burnt to extinction” to maximise their life. The
former, results in lighting levels meeting the designer’s intentions. The latter
results in every scheme not meeting these requirements for the later part of its
life. All lamps need to be cleaned to maintain an acceptable light output.
There are three basic lamp maintenance replacement strategies:
(a)
bulk relamping plus spot relamping and bulk cleaning
(b)
spot relamping and bulk cleaning
(c)
spot relamping and spot cleaning.
If instituted effectively, option (a) above is the strategy most likely to result in
proper observance of the light technical parameters for the lighting scheme.
Options (b) and (c) guarantee that every luminaire will be visited on an
individual ad hoc basis as it fails; which maximises maintenance trips and
costs, and results in poor observance of the light technical parameters. See
also Appendix B.
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2.4
Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
MAINTENANCE OPTIONS
Maintenance of VicRoads owned and operated lighting schemes may be
undertaken in a number of ways. Examples of maintenance options are given
below.
NB. Dist Co interest to any of these maintenance options has not been
investigated.
See Appendix A for the T&TI preferred maintenance practices.
(Power supply companies are required to provide street lighting services,
including maintenance, in accordance with the “Public Lighting Code” which
can be obtained on-line from the Essential Services Commission at
http://reggen.vic.gov (formerly the Office of the Regulator General – ORG)).
2.4.1 Annual Tariff
An annual tariff is paid to the local Dist Co. The tariff comprises a power
supply component, a maintenance component, and a 20 year capital
replacement component. In this instance, Region's involvement is solely to
pay the annual tariff when billed, the Dist Co does the rest on VicRoads
behalf. The distribution box and meter are not required, but if deleted or not
installed there are few options if the Dist Co is unable or unwilling to continue
the maintenance for the whole of the life of the installation. Based on this
guideline, basic ground rules will need to be set. The current maintenance
provided by the Dist Co under the tariff system is considered to be not
sufficiently complete. This option does not apply to the maintenance of
lighting schemes on the State's freeways. It is not known whether any Dist Co
would be prepared to maintain a VicRoads owned scheme, or a stand-alone
metered scheme installed to AS/NZS3000.
2.4.2 Revised or Maintenance Only Tariff
Separate or unbundle power supply and capital replacement from the annual
tariff, and pay only the maintenance component. It is not known whether any
Dist Co would agree to such an option.
2.4.3 Maintenance Contract (Preffered)
VicRoads may arrange maintenance by letting a maintenance contract of
duration (say) one to four years to a Pre-qualified contractor following a public
competitive tendering process.
The contract would be based on a lump sum amount for the contract period
with specified duties and performance criteria listed. Repair of crash damage
would be as for 2.4.4 below.
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
VicRoads shall maintain adequate records to ensure lamp changes (bulk
changes and ad hoc changes) are made in good time.
2.4.4 Fee For Service
VicRoads may arrange maintenance by engaging a Pre-qualified contractor,
perhaps on a retainer, or on an ad hoc basis, or “as needed” with a “fee-forservice” payment, or on a “recoverable works” basis with payment made as
replacements or repairs are undertaken.
Where the local Dist Co is able to maintain the lighting scheme, this may be
undertaken on a full recoverable works basis (see Section 8.1.1 of the SECV
Public Lighting Manual). VicRoads shall maintain adequate records to ensure
lamp changes are made in good time.
2.5
IDENTIFICATION OF ASSETS
Public identification of the VicRoads owned and maintained lighting assets as
distinct from the Council, and/or the Dist Co owned and maintained lighting
assets may present difficulties several years into the future, particularly as the
proportion of VicRoads owned and maintained schemes increase. Accurate
records need to be kept up to date by VicRoads Regions, Councils, and by
the Dist Cos.
Several measures may be taken to reduce confusion between VicRoads
owned assets and Dist Co controlled assets, including:
(a)
an identification plate or printed sticker could be attached to each
VicRoads owned pole;
(b)
the use of VicRoads straight style brackets for future schemes will aid
maintenance personnel; and
(c)
luminaires should be clearly identified as belonging to VicRoads by
stencilling "VicRoads" on both the underside and the left hand side of
the luminaire.
However, the public may telephone any one of VicRoads, the local Council, or
the local Dist Co to report lighting faults. Once some experience has been
gained with this perceived difficulty, rectification procedures should be put in
place by Region if found to be necessary. Cooperation will be required from
the local Dist Co, and perhaps some fee for service arrangement could be
considered.
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3
GENERAL MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS
3.1
RESPONSE TIMES
Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
Contractor response times, from the date of fault notification, should be in
accordance with the requirements of section 5.1 and Appendix C, Table C1.
3.2
PERFORMANCE
The maintenance performance criteria for public lighting relates to the number
of non-functional luminaires at any time and the length of time each luminaire
is non-functional before repair. Defects, breakages and losses should be
rectified within the required times.
3.3
COMPLIANCE
Where a maintenance contractor has failed to satisfy the performance criteria
on (say) ten separate instances throughout the term of the maintenance
contract, the Superintendent may determine whether the contract is to be
terminated. The maintenance contract could be set up in the first instance to
require such termination.
3.4
AUDIT
Region could consider scheduling (say) four audits of the contractor's
maintenance performance during the life of a four year contract. The audit
would involve a night inspection to determine which lights were out, followed
by a formal written notification to the maintenance contractor, with a follow up
night inspection at the end of the repair period.
3.5
ELECTRICITY SUPPLY COMPANY REQUIREMENTS
All maintenance of the power source shall be undertaken in accordance with
the requirements of the relevant Dist Co, including the currently approved
VESI wiring regulations and VESI standard drawings.
The contractor shall liaise with the relevant Dist Co in all matters regarding
power supply from the point of supply to the distribution box.
3.6
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT DESIGN PLANS
Where available, the Superintendent should provide the contractor (and the
relevant Dist Co, if required) with the plans for the electrical design for those
lighting installations to be maintained by the contractor.
All electrical works from the distribution box outwards must fully conform to
the requirements of AS/NZS 3000, Australia New Zealand Wiring Rules. In
stand-alone schemes, independent electrical circuits have been provided to
cater for all of the VicRoads lighting. The electricity supply may be metered to
the VicRoads electrical circuit(s). The electrical design includes a switch
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
located in the distribution box to enable the VicRoads lights to be turned on/off
independently of all other lighting. A photoelectric (PE) cell and back-up is
located near the distribution box for each VicRoads lighting circuit; thus the
luminaires used on the VicRoads circuits shall not need PE cells connected
as an integral part of the luminaire.
3.7
JOINT USE POLES
The maintenance of street lighting on VicRoads joint-use poles (JUPs) and
joint-use mast arms (JUMAs) etc. shall be part of the contractor's
responsibilities. This does not apply to existing VESI schemes where the Dist
Co is responsible for maintaining the lighting.
3.8
FRANGIBLE POLES
The maintenance of frangible poles (both slip-base and impact absorbing)
within the lighting scheme should be part of the contractor's responsibilities.
3.9
LUMINAIRES
All replacement luminaires shall be high pressure sodium (HPS).
Only those luminaires type approved in accordance with the VicRoads
luminaire specification TCS012 may be used in VicRoads street lighting
schemes. The relevant Dist Co should also approve the luminaires where the
luminaires are to be owned and/or operated by the Dist Co.
Luminaires supplied by the contractor shall have a life span of not less than
20 years from new and are to meet the requirements of AS3771.
3.10
UNDERSTRUCTURE LIGHTING
Under structure, (soffit) mounted lighting is usually 150w HPS luminaires.
The switching of under structure luminaires may be connected in with the
freeway interchange lighting. Thus, no PE cell equipment may be required for
under structure lights.
3.11
TUNNELS
There is no current Australian Standard for the lighting of major road tunnels,
as there are few tunnels of note in this country. Tunnel lighting is generally
designed to ease the transition between the light outside and the entry zone
just within the tunnel. Thus tunnel lighting is based upon daylight contrasts far
more than upon lighting for the hours of darkness.
Where tunnel lighting is to be maintained the contractor shall rigorously
maintain the luminaires, particularly those located in the tunnel entrance
zones.
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
It is usual to bulk replace tunnel lighting lamps as many of them burn
continuously which results in lamp life being achieved earlier than for lamps
used for normal road lighting. Bulk replacement of tunnel lamps limits the
amount of time the tunnel is affected by repair crews.
3.12
PEDESTRIAN TUNNELS
Effective pedestrian tunnel lighting is perceived as a personal safety issue for
users, and the lighting fixtures are susceptible to vandalism.
The
maintenance programme will have to centre on regular inspections at intervals
to be fixed based on local knowledge, but not exceeding twelve months.
3.13
NEAR AIRPORTS
For lighting installations in the vicinity of airports, any existing HPS aeroscreen type luminaires shall be replaced as necessary by equivalent aeroscreen type luminaires.
4
ROUTINE AND PERIODIC MAINTENANCE
4.1
GENERAL
Subject to the following, the contractor’s maintenance regime should fully
conform to the requirements of Section 14 of AS/NZS1158.1.3:1997, and to
Appendix C
The maintenance performance criteria for street lighting relates to the number
of non-functional luminaires at any time and the length of time each luminaire
is non-functional before repair. No more than 5% of luminaires and no more
than two adjoining luminaires shall be permitted to be non-functional at any
time.
New and/or replacement parts and equipment for street lighting purposes shall
be type approved and conform to VicRoads' drawings and specifications, eg
luminaires and components, lamps, brackets, frangible and rigid poles, pits,
cables, conduits, etc.
The maintenance contractor shall maintain comprehensive maintenance
records for each pole, bracket, luminaire, and distribution box, along with the
maintenance history for the wiring, conduits and pits for each scheme. Such
maintenance records shall be provided to the Superintendent or his
authorised representative at regular intervals, not exceeding six months.
Where major routine periodic maintenance is to be carried out the contractor
shall advise the Superintendent two weeks before commencement.
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4.2
Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
PATROLS
The contractor shall carry out a regular night time patrol not less than once
every second month in order to detect luminaires cycling or not operating, to
detect poles down, and to detect other factors adversely affecting the amount of
light on the road.
The contractor shall carry out a regular daytime fault inspection patrol at
intervals not exceeding six (6) months in order to detect obvious visual faults
with any components of all kinds.
4.3
EQUIPMENT
For the full period of the maintenance contract, the contractor shall maintain
(ie. inspect, test, repair, replace) all the various parts and equipment of the
street lighting scheme in accordance with the following:
4.3.1 Poles
All lighting poles shall be inspected at least once every twelve months to
ensure they are correctly installed, vertical, safe, corrosion free, and
undamaged. The access opening cover shall be inspected and the bolts retightened or replaced as necessary. The holding down bolts shall be
examined and re-tightened, repaired or replaced as necessary.
In order to ensure that slip base poles are correctly tensioned they shall be
inspected and re-tensioned in accordance with Section 14.5.6 of
AS/NZS1158.1.3:1997 and at least once every twelve months.
4.3.2 Luminaires
Every 12 months, the luminaires should be inspected to ensure:
(a)
the luminaire is kept clean and free of moisture, mud, dust and debris;
(b)
the luminaire Ingress Protection (IP) Rating is maintained;
(c)
the luminaire bowl is kept clean, intact, undamaged and free of
moisture, mud, dust and debris at all times. Where a luminaire bowl is
missing or hanging loose it is determined to have failed and the
luminaire bowl should be either repaired or replaced within seven days
of the fault being discovered;
(d)
the seal gasket is kept intact and free of damage. Where any part of a
seal gasket is missing or hanging loose it is determined to have failed
and the seal gasket should be either repaired or replaced within seven
days of the fault being discovered;
(e)
the luminaire electronic equipment tray and cover is operational;
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(f)
Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
the luminaire mounting height, tilt angle, spin angle, and orientation are
preserved at all times. Where any of these luminaire mounting
parameters no longer meet the specified requirements, the luminaire
attitude should be corrected within seven days of the fault being
discovered.
4.3.3 Lamp Replacement
It is required that proper procedures and programs be instituted to minimise
the incidence and duration of outages and burnouts, and to maintain the
output of the lamp at no less than the output levels that ensure compliance
with Table 2.1 of AS/NZS1158.1.1:1997. The code permits lamp output to fall
to 70% of new.
“Bulk replacement” of all lamps is sought. The alternative practice of "burn to
extinction" will result in the requirements of AS/NZS1158 NOT being met. This
is not acceptable to T&TI. See also Appendix B.
Twin arc externally ignited HPS lamps shall be replaced no later than four
(4) years after their installation or last replacement date, and single arc HPS
lamps every three (3) years. Replacement lamps to be used for future
VicRoads schemes shall be the twin arc externally ignited HPS type
conforming to VicRoads specification TCS044.
Single arc externally ignited or single arc internally ignited HPS lamps
shall not be used for VicRoads purposes, as they have a 10% failure rate after
six months and they only have a useful service life of three years. Whereas
the twin arc tube type is the more reliable at only a marginally higher cost with
a 33% longer service life before replacement.
The new internally ignited type lamps shall not be used at this stage, as
there is only the one supplier in Australia. Once a luminaire is modified to suit
the internally ignited type (ie. the external igniter is removed) a return to the
former type can only be achieved at the cost of replacing the previously
removed external igniter.
Mercury Vapour lamps shall be bulk replaced every two (2) years as they
rapidly drop below the 70% output requirement after that period, but may
continue to burn for up to another 15 years. (As a stopgap measure only,
special purpose HPS lamps may be used to replace existing mercury vapour
lamps. These special HPS lamps are expensive and only a temporary
expedient until such time as the complete luminaire can be changed over).
Metal Halide lamps shall be bulk replaced every three (3) years.
Testing is to be done as routine during bulk lamp changing to avoid costly call
backs.
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
Six months after bulk replacement of lamps, an inspection should be carried
out to identify and rectify lamp failures. Individual lamp failures not replaced
within two weeks of failure may result in the consequential burnout of either
the igniter or the ballast within the luminaire.
4.3.4 Control Gear and Transformers
The contractor shall use luminaire control gear and/or transformers
conforming to AS3108. Control gear and transformers shall be replaced as
necessary within three days of the fault being reported.
4.3.5 Photo Electric Equipment
The contractor is to supply and install replacement electronic photo electric
(PE cell) equipment, or lumatrols, with a minimum in-service life of eight (8)
years. The lumatrol is mounted in the distribution box behind a clear
weatherproof and vandalproof cover, and operates a contactor switch, which
controls the power supply to the luminaires.
One maintenance strategy is for a spare lumatrol to be kept in the distribution
box for emergency repairs in the event of failure of the primary lumatrol. The
spare is then installed at each eight year changeover, and a new replacement
spare stored in the cabinet.
Replacement
All lumatrols and contactors should be regularly replaced no later than eight
years after their installation or last replacement date. Lumatrols and
contactors shall be replaced as necessary within three days of a fault being
reported.
For VicRoads circuits with lumatrol control from the distribution box, where the
luminaires are the type with an integral PE cell and the luminaires have had
these PE cells disconnected there is no requirement to maintain those PE
cells in the luminaires.
4.3.6 Other Luminaire Components and Lighting Scheme Assets
In order to ensure correct operation of the lighting scheme all other
components of the scheme, such as luminaire igniters, ballasts and power
supplies, earth stakes, pits, cabling, conduits, distribution box, brackets, etc.,
are to be inspected at least once every twelve months and repaired or
replaced as necessary.
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5
Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
NON-ROUTINE MAINTENANCE AND REPAIRS
Street lighting schemes may suffer crash damage, or other non-programmed
outages.
contractor response times, from the date of verbal or written fault notification
from any source, should be a maximum of one (1) hour for urgent response,
one (1) day for non-urgent site attendance, seven (7) calendar days for
luminaire replacement, and ten (10) calendar days for pole replacement.
Defects, crash damage, breakages and losses should be rectified within these
required times, and as detailed below.
5.1
CALL-OUT AND FAULT ATTENDANCE
Purpose:
To respond to faults and crashes as advised.
Frequency:
Unless otherwise determined by the Superintendent
Make safe
Site Attendance
Repair/Replace
< 1 hour for urgent response,
< 1 day for non-urgent response,
< 3 days for lumatrols and PE cells,
< 3 days for contactors, igniters, & ballasts,
< 3 days for control gear and transformers,
< 3 days for lamps,
< 7 days for replacement luminaires,
< 7 days for brackets, and
< 10 days for poles.
When directed by the Superintendent to carry out Non-Routine Maintenance,
the contractor should mobilise a technician to attend the nominated site of the
incident as soon as possible within the required times for the purpose of
identifying and rectifying the fault.
Unless otherwise instructed by the Superintendent, the maximum time between
issue of the authorisation to attend and the contractor's initial attendance at the
nominated site should not exceed one (1) day.
Upon initial attendance, the contractor should identify the fault, ascertain the
cause, make safe any damaged equipment, and rectify same as soon as
practicable within the relevant time frames.
Where the fault cannot be immediately rectified the contractor should ensure
that all available processes are set in place such that public safety (either direct
or indirect) is maintained and that all VicRoads property is secure and safe from
further damage or loss.
In accordance with the contract, where required, the contractor should notify the
Superintendent immediately of the situation and seek agreement to the ongoing
actions where rectification works will require:
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(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
additional equipment and/or personnel;
a second visit to the site;
major works extending to greater than two (2) days; or
the site being left in an operational mode other than normal for a period
greater than two (2) days.
Upon satisfactory completion of repair works the contractor should immediately
advise the Superintendent of the site status and action taken, and shall return
the site to normal operation.
5.2
FAILURE AND OUTAGE CORRECTION
5.2.1 Repair of PE Cells and Contactors
Non-routine correction of malfunctioning PE cells and/or contactors shall be
deemed as urgent and a maximum restoration time of three (3) days, or as
directed by the Superintendent, shall apply.
Note that VicRoads PE cells are required to fail in the "power on" condition in
order to ensure continuing operation of the lighting installation. Thus the
luminaires in a VicRoads lighting scheme remaining lit 24 hours per day is
indicative of a PE cell malfunction resulting in a live power circuit.
5.2.2 Ad Hoc Replacement Of Lamps
Non-routine correction of malfunctioning individual luminaires shall be deemed
as non-urgent and a maximum restoration time of seven (7) days, or as directed
by the Superintendent where the luminaire is situated at a critical location, shall
apply.
Any failure of an individual luminaire should in the first instance be assumed to
be a lamp failure. This should be verified by testing after the lamp change.
Any broken lamps shall be replaced only after the luminaire has been
disconnected from the electricity supply.
If the lamp has failed the igniter will constantly arc in order to re-ignite the failed
lamp. Igniter and/or ballast failure can then be expected after about two weeks.
Delays in correcting failures may result in subsequent failure of, or damage to,
the igniter and/or the ballast. Where delay has occurred in correcting luminaire
failure, the contractor shall test for igniter and ballast damage and replace as
necessary.
5.2.3 Repair and Replacement Of Brackets
Those brackets exhibiting drooping of the bracket outreach arm such that the
luminaire has a downward angle exceeding 10 degrees to the horizontal shall be
considered to have failed and shall be repaired or replaced within seven (7)
days.
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
In a VicRoads owned scheme, replacement brackets shall be of the VicRoads
straight (freeway) style.
5.3
RE-INSTALLATION OF RIGID AND FRANGIBLE POLES
Where a VicRoads owned rigid or frangible (slip base or impact absorbing)
street lighting pole has suffered crash or other damage, and is considered by
the Superintendent to be beyond repair, VicRoads shall be liable for the capital
cost of purchasing a replacement pole and for its delivery on-site.
With the exception of VicRoads traffic signal poles, the contractor shall be fully
responsible for the erection of the replacement pole. The contractor shall be
fully responsible for the remounting of the bracket and luminaire(s) on all pole
types. The contractor shall do everything necessary to re-commission the
lighting installation within ten (10) days of notification of failure, and remove all
redundant materials.
The pole (including bracket and luminaires) shall be re-instated in accordance
with:
(a)
AS/NZS 3000.
(b)
Specification TCS051, Street Lighting, Design and Installation.
(c)
Relevant Dist Co requirements, where applicable.
6
CONTRACTOR WARRANTY AND RESOURCES
6.1
WARRANTY
For all routine and non-routine repair and maintenance works conducted by
the contractor on a nominated maintenance site, the contractor should provide
a warranty on all workmanship and materials associated with such work in
accordance with the following:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
lumatrol
contactor
control gear
luminaires
lamps
brackets
poles
1 year
1 year
1 year
1 year
1 year
4 years
1 year
For all non-routine repair and maintenance works carried out by the contractor
on a nominated maintenance site, the contractor should provide a ninety (90)
day warranty on all workmanship and materials associated with such work.
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6.2
Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
RESOURCES
The contractor should maintain and operate twenty four (24) hours per day,
seven (7) days per week (including public holidays) a sufficient number of
suitably qualified personnel and vehicles and the necessary tools and
equipment to carry out routine and non-routine maintenance of VicRoads' street
lighting schemes.
The contractor's field personnel, or their on-site supervisor, shall be a
Registered Electrical contractor, being registered in accordance with Part 3
of the Electricity Safety Act 1998, and with the Electricity Safety (Installations)
Regulations 1999 contractors.
The contractor should ensure that all technical works associated with routine
service and non-routine service fault attendance are undertaken by technically
competent persons with a sound knowledge of VicRoads stand-alone street
lighting schemes constructed in accordance with AS/NZS3000.
All vehicles should, as a minimum, be suitably equipped to undertake the
requirements of routine maintenance outlined herein.
The contractor shall provide a manned telephone service for the purpose of
receiving and relaying fault calls 24 hours per day.
6.3
PENALTIES
The maintenance contract could include penalties, perhaps based on the
following:
During instances of prolonged outages, or in the event of non-conformance, the
contractor may be liable in the amount of $10 per luminaire per day for each and
every non-functioning luminaire for whatever reason.
This clause may be waived or varied on the written notification of the
Superintendent.
7
INVENTORY AND SURVEYS
7.1
INVENTORY
An accurate inventory of lighting equipment is essential to efficient system
operation. Reliable records of routine maintenance and repairs require that an
up-to-date inventory of field installations be kept.
The proper use of computerised data base programs permits instantaneous
review of system performance. Programs have been developed overseas that
provide current information on each luminaire such as when it was re-lamped,
repaired, replaced or cleaned.
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
The maintainer can then analyse the incidence of various equipment needs and
take appropriate action. This requires an accurate field reporting system.
Field maintenance personnel should record and transmit information as to the
required and/or effected maintenance at each field installation in order that the
data is kept current.
For uniformity and compatibility, Region is advised to base their system on
current power company systems such as are being used by AGL, PowerCor,
etc. These systems are map based, using the Land Victoria mapping system,
are GIS compliant, and can be accessed online and via the internet. Standard
symbols are used for each luminaire and a service history can be accessed.
The AGL system is kept updated by “Small World P/L”, and AGL (for instance)
have expertise that can be accessed by VicRoads at a price.
7.2
SURVEYS
All of the street lighting system components are perishable over time. Regular
survey of components and equipment is necessary for preventative
maintenance to reduce or eliminate the potential for costly failures or for
untoward incidents.
For instance, frangible steel poles have now been in use for up to fifteen
years. All steel poles are liable to corrosion damage in the base section,
especially in the region of ground level down to about 450mm below ground
level. The failure of a steel pole (or a steel bracket) could have adverse
safety effects. Regular steel component inspection is to be designed and
intended to detect evidence of impending failure and collapse.
As field surveys cannot accurately measure luminaire output, the effective
lamp life is usually determined from manufacturer’s data, which then feeds in
to a bulk replacement regime.
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
APPENDIX A
SUGGESTED MAINTENANCE REGIME
See sections 2.4 and 4.3.3 for details.
The T&TI preferred maintenance option (non-mandatory) includes:
(a)
VicRoads is to engage only pre-qualified contractors.
(b)
Engagement may be made by competitive tender for the maintenance of
VicRoads owned freeway schemes and declared road stand-alone
metered schemes.
(c)
As used by VicRoads, twin arc externally ignited HPS lamps output
sufficient light to meet code requirements for up to 4 years, and thus
require replacement after 4 years, and lumatrols (PE cells) are generally
effective for up to 8 years.
(d)
It is envisaged that the maintenance contract would be a multiple of
these figures, ie 4 years.
The following contract would similarly be of 4 years duration with the
addition that any lumatrols would also be replaced on commencement of
this contract.
(e)
On commencement, the contractor would be required to bulk replace all
lamps, service all luminaires, and check all poles, fittings and equipment,
and would then maintain that street lighting installation to the required
performance levels for the next 4 years. To minimise downstream costs,
it is in the contractor’s interest to use good quality components at the
start of each contract.
(f)
An adverse effect of the suggested regime would be uneven funding
over the four years. The first year would be expensive with the next
three being of lesser cost. (It might be possible to smooth out
expenditure if the Region was able to let several staggered maintenance
contracts (for different areas).)
(g)
Suggested Scope
The maintenance contractor should investigate, supply and replace,
install, test, commission and warrant the repair and/or replacement of
malfunctioning lighting equipment, including electrical services, for the
VicRoads owned lighting scheme and at the emergency telephone
bays as required as shown on the relevant VicRoads drawings. The
maintenance shall be in accordance with the relevant specification.
The cost of maintenance for all lighting shown on the specified
drawings should be deemed to be included in the Contract Sum.
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
The contractor should be fully responsible for the supply and
maintenance of replacement components. The contractor should
supply replacement poles (with the exception of joint-use poles), pole
foundations, brackets, luminaires, lamps, PE cells, ballasts, igniters,
capacitors, conduits, pits, cables, fittings, and all things necessary to
maintain the street lighting installation in a fully functioning manner.
The contractor should be responsible for maintaining power supply
connection points, meters, distribution boxes and integral equipment,
and for obtaining all necessary approvals and assistance from the
relevant power supply company.
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
APPENDIX B
BULK REPLACEMENT V BURN TO EXTINCTION
Bulk Replacement:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
timely replacement of used up lamps
minimises outages and thus ad hoc replacements
all lamps operate to similar output levels
results in an even lighting scheme
high cash flow year 1, reduced cash flow subsequently
minimises costs
permits bulk purchase of lamps
Burn to Extinction:
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
maximises lamp life
maximises outages and ad hoc replacements
after several years no two lamps will be at the same point in their life
cycle
results in an uneven lighting scheme
even cash flow from one year to the next
Notes:
(a)
See sections 2.3 and 4.3.3
(b)
The literature of overseas experience (England) seems to be coming
down heavily in favour of bulk lamp changing
(c)
In general the most significant component of cost in the routine
replacement of a failed lamp in a luminaire is the labour cost not only to
do the job but also the travelling time between jobs. It is therefore
important to reduce or minimise this non-productive time by
preventative maintenance by bulk lamp changing.
(d)
Bulk lamp changing is based on having reliable data on the hours of
operation of the lamps, the life of the lamps, and the date of the last
bulk lamp change.
(e)
Street lighting hours of operation average out at 11.5 hours per day or
4200 hours per year.
Seasonal variations, however, produce
fluctuations from 9 hours per night at mid summer to about 13.5 hours
in mid winter. In practice seasonal variations have little or no influence
on the maintenance cycle; however the lamp life does.
(f)
Lamp life is expressed in terms of hours of operation before the lamp
output falls below the minimum levels required to meet the
requirements of AS/NZS1158.
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
(g)
Keeping adequate records of when the previous bulk lamp change took
place will assist to manage assets and thus avoid too low a lamp
output rate. If the maintenance contractor does not bulk change lamps
at the appropriate time the lighting scheme will no longer meet the
requirements of AS/NZS1158 and may leave VicRoads open to
adverse legal action.
(h)
Consequently, lamps should be replaced so as to ensure luminaire
output is held at or above the levels required to confirm that the street
lighting scheme meets the minimum maintained values of the light
technical parameters as required by AS/NZS1158.1.1:1997. This is
achieved by the bulk replacement of lamps at suitable intervals.
(i)
Consequently, the maintenance contractor should bulk replace all
lamps. All bulk replacement lamps to be used for future VicRoads
schemes shall be of the twin arc externally ignited high pressure
sodium (HPS) type with a minimum service life of four years before
unacceptable deterioration of the lamp output. These lamps have a
1% failure rate after six months and generally retain more than 70% of
code output for the life of the lamp.
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Guideline No.: TCG 005-1-2003
APPENDIX C
CALL OUT AND FAULT ATTENDANCE TIME
INSPECTION FREQUENCY
END OF LIFE / PREDICTED LIFE SPANS
Table C1 -Call out and fault attendance response times – refer section 5
Callout & Fault Attendance
Make safe
Maximum Response Time
1 Hour
Site Attendance
1 Day
Repairs/Replace:
lumatrols and PE cells
contactors, igniters, & ballasts,
control gear and transformers,
lamps,
replacement luminaires,
brackets
poles.
3 days
3 days
3 days
3 days
7 days
7 days
10 days
Table C3 –Inspection Frequency
Refer section 4.2 and 4.3 for details of activities to be completed during
inspections
Inspection
1. Night patrol
2. Day time inspection
3. Pole
4. Luminaires
Frequency
Bi monthly
Every 6 months
Every 12 months
Every 12 Months
Table C2 - End of Life / Predicted Life Spans for common items
Refer section 4.3 for details and other components
End of life
1. Luminaires
2. Poles
3. Lumatrols
4. Globes
Years
20
30
8
4 - Twin arc externally ignited HPS
3 - Single arc externally ignited HPS (note
these globes are not to be used as
replacement globes)
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