Interconnect Systems Solutions
l
Mike Gardner,
Gardner Molex
Marketing Manager
Infotainment and In‐Vehicle Networks
Agenda
€
Interconnect Systems Solutions
y Historical
Hi t i l EEvolution
l ti off IInterconnect
t
t TTypes
y 1394 Copper Specification Structure
€
Technology Overview
y Optical (POF, HPCF still in draft)
y Copper (STQ, STP, Coax)
€
Performance Requirements
y Process to define Performance Requirements
y Compliance – Mechanical, Electrical, EMI/EMS
€
Power over 1394 Copper
y Power Management Options
y Power over STQ/STP and Coax (under consideration)
Interconnect System Solutions
€
History of
Interconnect Solutions
y TA Document 2001018 (Ratified
(R tifi d March
M h 2003)
○ IDB‐1394 Automotive Specification 1.0
○ POF was the original defined Interconnect Solution along with
Consumer 1394b 9p CCP (Customer Convenience Port)
y Hard Polymer Cladding Fiber – HPCF (In final Stages of Ratification)
y Auto Makers Demanded Additional Options
○ TS2008001‐ 1394 Copper Auto introduces: (Ratified June 2008)
y 3 Copper Cable Types (STQ, STP, Coax)
Copper Specification Chapter Structure
€
y
y
y
General Requirements
STP and STQ Electricals
Coax Electricals
y
y
y
Coax, STQ, and STP Separate Chapters
Use of Equalization and Wake‐up
Annex A – Validation Requirements
Technology Overview ‐ Optical
€ Optical networking is
y Free from EMC concerns
y Transceiver speeds of up to S400 HPCF
y High bandwidth Cable (potential ability for
future networks) over S1600 ((>2
2 Gbps)
y Environmentally friendly
POF
Polymer Optical Fiber
Optical Fiber
3mm
Structure
HPCF
Hard Polymer Cladding Fiber
Cable weight
g
ca. 9 g
g/m
Max. length
> 10m
Technology Overview (Optical Solutions)
€
€
€
€
IInstalled
t ll d 1st
1 t optical
ti l data
d t link
li k for
f vehicles
hi l in
i 1980s
1980
Installed optical networking for vehicles since 1998
Major protocols are D2B and MOST for POF
25 Mb
Mbps iis th
the maximum
i
d
data
t rate
t ffor currentt MOST and
d IDB
IDB‐1394
1394
(1394Auto) network
€ Required high speed optical network for video/data transmission
Comparative chart of optical fibers
Physical Layer
POF
HPCF
Bandwidth(20m)
250 Mbps
>1Gbps
Core/Clad (μm)
970/1000
200/230
Heat resistance
95 C
125 C
Attenuation (dB/m)
0 2@650nm
0.2@650nm
0 002@850nm
0.002@850nm
Numerical aperture
0.5
0.37
Max. Bend radi.
R 15mm
R10mm
o
POF: Plastic Optical Fiber
o
HPCF: Hard Polymer Clad Fiber
Summary POF and HPCF
€
Optical components have been used in vehicle networking since 1980s
y Simple data link as door mirror control (~100 kbps)
€
POF networking has been installed in more than 10 million vehicles
around the world
y MOST is one of the major protocol for the vehicle network
y MOST has proven potential for optical networks
€
Free from EMC
y No regulation for wiring harness design
y No restrictions for routing parallel to high tension cables (PEHV, HEV, etc)
y No restrictions for routing
g close to motors (power
(p
seat,, p
power slide door,, etc))
Standardization Activities
(IDB‐1394
(IDB
1394 Automotive Optical)
Automotive Specification
(for POF applications)
HPCF Cable Specification
(for Cable manufactures)
Draft Amendment
Automotive Specification
(for HPCF applications)
Complete standardization activity and specifications are available or in process
Technology Overview – Copper
€
3 Basic Technologies
HSD
y Cable Structure Defines Transmission
y
y
y
y
Line Type
All have outer shield
Each deliver unique advantages for
specific
p
applications
pp
Each support a minimum of 8 meters
with 5 In‐Line connections
All delivering
d li i on the
th
copper specification performance
requirements
STQ
Shielded Twisted Quad
USCAR-30
STP
Shielded Twisted Pair
FAKRA
Coax
STQ Construction ‐ Typical
HSD
€
€
A differential signal is
transmitted on pair I.
C
Common
mode
d crosstalk
t lk is
i
observed from each of the
signal conductors of pair I to
pair II.
BUT:
+Vsig
-Vsig
€
€
The signal on pair I is
differential, the signal
amplitudes on both wires
have the same magnitude
with different sign!
g
Due to the symmetry of the
cable, pair‐to‐pair crosstalk
cancels out!
STP Construction ‐ Typical
Construction Elements
Twisted Pair (2)
Signal Shield Drain
Pair Foil Shield
* Power
Overall Shield
Outer Jacket
USCAR-30
STP Construction
€
… without power pair
Eliminating
at g Power
o e
illustrates how cable
construction can be
varied
d to meet the
h
application.
S400 to S800 Grade Construction
STP Overall Cable Shieldingg
€
€
STP construction offers
separate paths for
signal pairs and overall
cable shielding
Provides flexibility in
managing end device
packaging for rugged
shield effectiveness
and EMI Performance.
COAX Transmission Link
FAKRA
Typical Automotive COAX cable and connectors
€ Transceivers drive 1394b signals over any 50Ω
COAX system including FAKRA
€ Transceiver + COAX combine with 1394 silicon
for a full functional Link
€ Transceiver chip can be integrated into PHY or
alternatively into the Coax connector.
€
Transceiver
Chip
Transceiver
Chip
COAX – technology overview
€
€
Transceiver drives signal both ways over single COAX = full
duplex
Supports cable length up to 8m with several in‐lines at S800
y Reach is >15m with tightly specified (RTK type) Cable
€
€
Up to 30W Power can be transmitted over COAX in addition
to data (under investigation for 1394 Auto standards approval)
Transceiver+COAX system complies with automotive
requirements:
y Operating temperature of ‐40C to +105C
y CISPR 25 emissions (level 5); Bulk Current Injection
j
to 100mA
€
Transceiver drives power control through “Wake on LAN”
function
y Operating
O
ti 210
210mW;
W ““sleeping”
l
i ” 20µW
20 W
Coax Transceiver Architecture
Transmit
P th
Path
Transceiver Chip
COAX
Connector
1394
PHY
PHY
Receive
Path
Performance Requirements
(1394 Copper Automotive Standard)
€
Performance Requirements Process
y Definition came from Global Participation
(E
(Europe,
Japan,
J
US)
○ Automakers/Tier1 (8)
○ Connector Companies representing years of
Automotive experience from all global
regions (8)
y Harmonization to all performance
requirements were achieved.
○ Mechanicals
○ Electricals
○ Environmentals
○ EMI/EMC
○ Test Methodology
y USCAR‐2 test specification and EIA test
methodologies have been aligned and full test
suite contained in Annex ‘A’
1394Auto specification bridges the
performance needs of 1394 technology
and the Automotive requirements of
an in‐vehicle connection system.
system
Link Performance
€
Defines Link Performance Requirements to meet a
minimum of 8 meters and 5 Inline connectors – Example STP
Performance Eye . . .
8 meter assy – 1 crossover + 5 inlines
Electrical,, and EMI Validation
€
EMI test boxes provide for CISPR‐25
verification test platform.
p
y EMI boxes are fully self
contained with power source.
y Test boards are designed to
provided chip to chip
communications at peak data
rate.
y Test box set‐up also allows for
multiple in‐line
in line link testing.
y SMA test boards provide
connector and link
characterization.
Examples of EMI‐test setups
A variety of test procedures
are specified for EMI/EMS
system tests. They mostly
require the use of anechoic
chambers.
1394Auto specification
offers suplimental test
methods to that of CISPR‐25.
Consideration of EMI‐Aspects in 1394Auto
Copper automotive
i Specification
ifi i
€
Specification of shielding performance on device level
Coupling attenuation of cables:
IEC 62153‐4‐4
Coupling attenuation of inline‐connectors:
IEC 62153‐4‐7
Shi ldi attenuation
Shielding
i off ffeed‐throughs:
d h
h IEC
C 62153‐4‐10
62 3
0
€
Specification of EMI/EMS‐performance on component level
EMI‐spec on componentt level
EMI
l l according
di to
t CISPR 25,
25 Grade
G d 5
EMS‐spec on component level according to
ISO 11452‐4 (BCI‐test method) or alternatively
ISO 11452‐5
11452 5 (S
(Stripline
i li test method)
h d)
Test of shielding performance on device level prior to system integration
ensures sufficient EMI/EMS
EMI/EMS‐performance
performance on system level.
level
EMC test results:
Radiated emissions – Example Coax with Equilization circuit
Horizontal
Vertical
Power over 1394 Copper
1394
39 Automotive
u o o e Working
o
g Group
oup iss cu
currently
e y in thee
process of defining Power over Differential Pairs and Coax.
€ Demonstrations showing capability.
€ Specification work targeted for completion this fall.
€
Example of circuit design for STQ cable
E Diagram
Eye
Di
off Differential
Diff
ti l Signal
Si
l Without/With
With t/With Power
P
Power over COAX Cable
EQCO 800SC
COAX Transceiver
EQCO 800SC
COAX Transceiver
€
Current injected at entry to COAX cable at one side; drawn from other end
of cable
€
Transceivers protected by DC blocking capacitors
€
Max current ~ 1A, voltage up to 30V (power up to 30 Watts)
€
Power over Coax or Differential Pairs provides opportunity for powering
remote sensors such as cameras
73
In‐Vehicle Data Bus
Connections with
€
Summary
y Multiple or Single connection
types
yp can be deployed
p y with
1394
architecture.
y Application needs will define
which 1394Auto connection
type meets your requirements.
y 1394Auto offers proven
“Flexibility” in system design
when choosingg interconnects.
Thank you
Mik G d @ l
Mike.Gardner@molex.com