Market Driven Innovation Dr. Nikolaos Rigas Building on Success and Serving the State of South Carolina University Resources • Market Access • Student Employment • New Opportunities • • • • Students Faculty Fundamental Research Broad Capabilities ECE, CE, ME, CHE MSE, CS, AE • • • • • Unique Infrastructure Applied Research Value Proposition Graduate Education STEM Zucker Family Graduate Education Center KEY TECHNICAL AREAS Power Systems, Systems Engineering, Logistics, Resilient Infrastructure, Materials, IT, Water Ecology, Workforce Development and K-12 STEM GRADUATE PROGRAMS 200 Graduate Students 12 Faculty 40 Research Scientist and Staff Phased Expansion Linking Education and Public /Private Research Facilities South Carolina Electric & Gas: Energy Innovation Center Public/Private partnership to develop new technologies and accelerate them to the market and educate the workforce of the future. Project Milestones Market Focus Large Inverters Large Solar PV Converter Wind Energy EV Charging Stations Utility Scale Energy Storage Micro-Grid Applications Aerospace Traditional Distributed Generation (Diesel, NG. etc.) Smart Grid Building Layout Grid Simulator Future Research Labs Full System Dynamic Wind Turbine Testing Lubricants Research Structural Testing Note: CU CE and IE selected by GE as sub on separate submittal to US DOE FOA. Lubricants Research Transforming the electrical grid into an energy efficient network requires: • new technologies that must play a significant role in power system stability. • the ability to replicate a complex dynamic system like the electrical grid for testing purposes. • extensive testing of hardware and software to meet safety and quality assurance requirements through ‘fully integrated’ system testing. • parallel model verification and validation of physical hardware to ensure higher reliability and stability once deployed on the electrical grid. Advanced Testing Lowers the Risks and Costs of New Technology Introduction into the Market Development Demonstration Verification Total Costs Time to Market Deployment Risks How the EGRID center fits into the technology development cycle Design and Development Independent Certifications • Simulations • Functional Testing • Controls Algorithms • Equipment Safety • Basic Functionality Demonstration Projects Prototype Testing Standards Testing (UL, IEC, IEEE) • Complete Systems • Controls Verification Hardware-inthe-Loop System Testing Duke Energy eGRID 23.9 kV Utility Bus Duke Energy eGRID 7.5MW Test Stand Graduate Education Center 15MW Test Stand 4.16 kV 5 MVA Test Bus 23.9 kV 20 MVA Test Bus Up to three independent grid integration tests can run simultaneously in each of the three experimental bay’s Experimental Bay #3 Experimental Bay #2 Experimental Bay #1 Grid Integration Evaluations • Power Set Points • Voltage and Frequency Variations • Controls Evaluation Power Quality Evaluations • Voltage Flicker • Harmonic Evaluations • Anti-Islanding (Software) Ancillary Services Grid Fault Ride-Through Testing Open Loop Testing Hardware-In-the-Loop Testing • Frequency Response • Active Volt-VAR Control • Active Frequency Regulation • Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) • Unsymmetrical Fault Ride-Through • High Voltage Ride-Through (HVRT) • Recreation of field events with captured waveform data • Simulated dynamic behavior and interaction between grid and the device under test Increasing level of difficulty Steady State and Envelope Evaluations Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing 15 MW TECOWestinghouse Power Amplifier CU / National Instruments Interface Controller ‘Real’ Power System Model Voltage and Current Set Point Commands RTDS® Turbine is BUS #N In the Model Voltage and Current Information Real Voltages and Currents associated with BUS #N Real Voltage and Current Measurements Energy Storage Device Connect on eGRID “I am connnected at Bus #N in the Power System Model” HIL connects the DUT into a replicated power system where disturbances are evaluated in real-time with a closed-loop dynamic system response. The DUT actually influences the simulated environment , which is critical for testing interactions with “soft grids” Distributed Generation Smarter Inverter Interoperability • Historically disconnected from grid during brownout or blackout, but “smart” output features provide capability to increase grid stability by remaining connected and modifying output • Utilities desire and will demand reliable interoperability • Increasingly important in areas of high DG penetration, including California, Hawaii, Italy and Germany Industry Challenges & Response Industry Challenges • Increased DG penetration provides potential for increased grid instability. • Interoperability between utilities and inverter performance is unknown and unproven. Market Response • California is updating Rule 21 to require interoperability validation for all DG inverters, but it does not specify testing protocol, standards or exact certifications. • Top inverter manufacturers are working with industry coalitions to develop protocol and testing schemes for Rule 21 compliance. • UL 1741 is being updated to provide interoperability requirements, driven by utilities, manufacturers and the State of California. • Europe is expected to introduce similar interoperability requirements in the near future. Physical System Smart Inverters Physical System Smart Inverters Simulated Grid at eGRID Full PV Array Simulation with Clemson DC Supply Design DC Power Source • 2.5 MW PV Array emulator • Programmable • 2500 Amps Micro-Grid Controller NI Sys 2 NI Sys 3 NI Sys 4 NI Sys 5 NI Sys 6 NI Sys 7 (m FPGA Controllers) (m FPGA Controllers) (m FPGA Controllers) (m FPGA Controllers) (m FPGA Controllers) (m FPGA Controllers) A distributed set of NI System controllers, with a quantity of “m” FPGAs in parallel – each responsible for an ‘asset’ or resource’ class within the Micro-grid structure. NI Sys 1 (n FPGA HIL Simulators) Another NI System controller, with a quantity of “n” FPGAs in parallel – hierarchically responsible for interconnection of the Micro-grid to the utility. Physical System Energy Storage Simulated Grid at EGRID Physical System Energy Storage Smart Grid Technologies: Distributed Control and Cyber Security How the EGRID can aid in development and demonstration: • Advanced Hardware-in-the-Loop testing can simulate power system events with full scale devices attached to the simulated power system • Distributed control hardware, software and communication elements can be deployed on the simulated power system • Cyber attacks, communication losses and equipment disruptions can be evaluated on the distributed control devices integrated with the HIL power system simulations Figure Source: EPRI Amplifier Room Reactive Divider Switch Gear Transformer Yard K-12 STEM Questions?