Clemson University International Center

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Market Driven Innovation
Dr. Nikolaos Rigas
Building on Success and Serving the
State of South Carolina
University
Resources
• Market Access
• Student Employment
• New Opportunities
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Students
Faculty
Fundamental Research
Broad Capabilities
ECE, CE, ME, CHE
MSE, CS, AE
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Unique Infrastructure
Applied Research
Value Proposition
Graduate Education
STEM
Zucker Family Graduate Education Center
KEY TECHNICAL AREAS
Power Systems, Systems Engineering,
Logistics, Resilient Infrastructure,
Materials, IT, Water Ecology, Workforce
Development and K-12 STEM
GRADUATE PROGRAMS
200 Graduate Students
12 Faculty
40 Research Scientist and Staff
Phased Expansion Linking Education and
Public /Private Research Facilities
South Carolina Electric & Gas: Energy Innovation Center
Public/Private partnership to develop new technologies and accelerate them to the
market and educate the workforce of the future.
Project Milestones
Market Focus
Large Inverters
Large Solar PV
Converter
Wind Energy
EV Charging Stations
Utility Scale Energy Storage
Micro-Grid Applications
Aerospace
Traditional Distributed
Generation (Diesel, NG. etc.)
Smart Grid
Building Layout
Grid Simulator
Future Research Labs
Full System Dynamic Wind Turbine Testing
Lubricants Research
Structural Testing
Note: CU CE and IE selected by GE as sub on separate
submittal to US DOE FOA.
Lubricants Research
Transforming the electrical grid into an
energy efficient network requires:
• new technologies that must play a significant role in power system stability.
• the ability to replicate a complex dynamic system like the electrical grid for
testing purposes.
• extensive testing of hardware and software to meet safety and quality
assurance requirements through ‘fully integrated’ system testing.
• parallel model verification and validation of physical hardware to ensure
higher reliability and stability once deployed on the electrical grid.
Advanced Testing Lowers the Risks and Costs of New
Technology Introduction into the Market
Development
Demonstration
Verification
Total Costs
Time to Market
Deployment Risks
How the EGRID center fits
into the technology development cycle
Design and
Development
Independent
Certifications
• Simulations
• Functional Testing
• Controls Algorithms
• Equipment Safety
• Basic Functionality
Demonstration
Projects
Prototype
Testing
Standards
Testing
(UL, IEC, IEEE)
• Complete Systems
• Controls Verification
Hardware-inthe-Loop
System Testing
Duke Energy eGRID
23.9 kV Utility Bus
Duke Energy
eGRID
7.5MW Test Stand
Graduate Education Center
15MW Test Stand
4.16 kV 5 MVA Test Bus
23.9 kV 20 MVA Test Bus
Up to three independent
grid integration tests can
run simultaneously in
each of the three
experimental bay’s
Experimental Bay #3
Experimental Bay #2
Experimental Bay #1
Grid Integration Evaluations
• Power Set Points
• Voltage and Frequency Variations
• Controls Evaluation
Power Quality Evaluations
• Voltage Flicker
• Harmonic Evaluations
• Anti-Islanding (Software)
Ancillary Services
Grid Fault
Ride-Through Testing
Open Loop Testing
Hardware-In-the-Loop
Testing
• Frequency Response
• Active Volt-VAR Control
• Active Frequency Regulation
• Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT)
• Unsymmetrical Fault Ride-Through
• High Voltage Ride-Through (HVRT)
• Recreation of field events with
captured waveform data
• Simulated dynamic behavior and
interaction between grid and the
device under test
Increasing level of difficulty
Steady State and Envelope
Evaluations
Hardware-in-the-Loop Testing
15 MW TECOWestinghouse
Power Amplifier
CU / National Instruments
Interface Controller
‘Real’ Power System Model
Voltage and Current Set
Point Commands
RTDS®
Turbine is BUS #N
In the Model
Voltage and Current
Information
Real Voltages and Currents
associated with BUS #N
Real Voltage and
Current Measurements
Energy Storage Device Connect on eGRID
“I am connnected at Bus #N in the Power System
Model”
HIL connects the DUT into a
replicated power system where
disturbances are evaluated in
real-time with a closed-loop
dynamic system response. The
DUT actually influences the
simulated environment , which
is critical for testing interactions
with “soft grids”
Distributed Generation Smarter
Inverter Interoperability
• Historically disconnected from grid
during brownout or blackout, but
“smart” output features provide
capability to increase grid stability
by remaining connected and
modifying output
• Utilities desire and will demand
reliable interoperability
• Increasingly important in areas of
high DG penetration, including
California, Hawaii, Italy and
Germany
Industry Challenges & Response
Industry Challenges
• Increased DG penetration provides potential for increased grid instability.
• Interoperability between utilities and inverter performance is unknown and
unproven.
Market Response
• California is updating Rule 21 to require interoperability validation for all DG
inverters, but it does not specify testing protocol, standards or exact
certifications.
• Top inverter manufacturers are working with industry coalitions to develop
protocol and testing schemes for Rule 21 compliance.
• UL 1741 is being updated to provide interoperability requirements, driven by
utilities, manufacturers and the State of California.
• Europe is expected to introduce similar interoperability requirements in the near
future.
Physical System
Smart Inverters
Physical System
Smart Inverters
Simulated Grid at eGRID
Full PV Array Simulation with Clemson DC Supply Design
DC Power Source
• 2.5 MW PV Array emulator
• Programmable
• 2500 Amps
Micro-Grid Controller
NI Sys 2
NI Sys 3
NI Sys 4
NI Sys 5
NI Sys 6
NI Sys 7
(m FPGA Controllers)
(m FPGA Controllers)
(m FPGA Controllers)
(m FPGA Controllers)
(m FPGA Controllers)
(m FPGA Controllers)
A distributed set of NI
System controllers, with a
quantity of “m” FPGAs in
parallel – each
responsible for an ‘asset’
or resource’ class within
the Micro-grid structure.
NI Sys 1
(n FPGA HIL Simulators)
Another NI System controller, with a quantity of “n” FPGAs
in parallel – hierarchically responsible for interconnection of
the Micro-grid to the utility.
Physical System
Energy Storage
Simulated Grid at EGRID
Physical System
Energy Storage
Smart Grid Technologies:
Distributed Control and Cyber Security
How the EGRID can aid in development and demonstration:
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Advanced Hardware-in-the-Loop testing can simulate power system events with
full scale devices attached to the simulated power system
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Distributed control hardware, software and communication elements can be
deployed on the simulated power system
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Cyber attacks, communication losses and equipment disruptions can be
evaluated on the distributed control devices integrated with the HIL power
system simulations
Figure Source: EPRI
Amplifier Room
Reactive Divider
Switch Gear
Transformer Yard
K-12 STEM
Questions?
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